EP1012415B1 - Arrangement at wall support - Google Patents
Arrangement at wall support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1012415B1 EP1012415B1 EP98917919A EP98917919A EP1012415B1 EP 1012415 B1 EP1012415 B1 EP 1012415B1 EP 98917919 A EP98917919 A EP 98917919A EP 98917919 A EP98917919 A EP 98917919A EP 1012415 B1 EP1012415 B1 EP 1012415B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- floor structure
- recesses
- tooth
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
- B28B19/003—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement, or system, for mutually joining structural elements, such as walls, building blocks and foundation beams that include at least one load-supporting plate or slab which functions as a supporting element for overlying walls that include at least one load-supporting plate, and serving as a structural element for at least one floor structure, wherein the floor structure includes at least one load-supporting plate, or plate, preferably single-course walls with attached insulation and thin-plate floor structures on which the floor plate is laid.
- This rests on the walls and can be attached elastically and provides centric loading.
- the walls load each other centrally in a vertical direction.
- the structural members can be locked together by virtue of the different geometries of the attachments.
- a longitudinally extending aperture is made horizontally in the wall for receiving an intermediate floor structure.
- the floor structure must not be clamped in the wall at its supported location, so as to avoid undesirable forces and moments of force that would act to twist apart both floor structure and wall. Consequently, the wall plate is built into the wall in a curved plane which extends around and beyond the supporting member.
- the lower part of respective overlying walls must be given a corresponding shape. These overlying walls may not be supported by the floor structure but shall solely load underlying walls.
- the wall is provided with a horizontal recess or aperture that accommodates the full thickness or height of the floor structure.
- the aforementioned curvature that passes the concrete wall plate around the floor-structure supporting element results in an asymmetric, vertically acting load from the force that acts downwards from the overlying walls, resulting in bending and, at the same time, buckling. This has a deleterious effect on the bearing capacity of the wall.
- These asymmetrical bending forces are overcome at present, by providing the concrete wall plates or plates with uniformly disposed, vertical T-beam webs. These webs typically have a c/c of 600 mm. See Fig. 28B of the present Application.
- These reinforcements also encroach ono the insulation and give rise to thermal bridges. They must also be reinforced as beams, therewith increasing costs.
- Cellular plastic is prepared with recesses at those locations to be filled with concrete for the T-beam webs. This work is also time-consuming and costly.
- Fig. 29 included in this Application is a sectional view of exterior wall connections and intermediate floor connections in accordance with Patent Application SE 9100825-0.
- the exterior wall has an externally located concrete supporting plate.
- a console-like thickening of the concrete plate serves as a floor structure supporting element.
- the floor structure is supported on its concrete plate over its entire width along the wall. Even though some form of supporting element is placed in the contact area between the wall concrete and the floor structure concrete, there is still obtained a thermal bridge of the worst kind.
- the concrete extends essentially fully from the outside and into the interior of the building, and secondly there is practically no thermal insulation in that part of the wall located adjacent the floor structure supporting element and within a significant distance beneath this element. This construction also results in eccentric loading of the wall plate.
- Our invention also gets a similar function as to connect wall units, and to connect slab units by corresponding wall units. Please make a note of, which appears in the text below, that the main purpose with our invention is to eliminate the presence of thermal bridges inside cast in or fastened heat insulation of an outer wall. And to facilitate support of long spanned floor elements having extremely thin slabs, supported solely upon its said thin slabs. Furthermore it also makes possible to use very thin load supporting wall slabs without the risk of breakage of these.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the connection between floor structures and walls, and also to eliminate the need of thickening the wall concrete at supporting element locations, and the need for vertical T-beam webs in the load supporting walls. Another object is to completely eliminate the presence of thermal bridges.
- the concrete plate is covered by an imperforate insulating layer of essentially uniform thickness in the absence of connections that conduct heat outwardly.
- Another object of the invention is to lead vertical loads centrally into the concrete plate of said wall.
- Another object of the invention is to provide solutions for connecting walls and floor structures that will enhance stability by transferring horizontally acting forces. Still another object is to reduce the number of supporting beams required for floating basement floors.
- the object of improving the attachment between floor structures and walls has been met by providing the upper edge of the concrete plate of the supporting walls and/or the bottom edge of the concrete plate of overlying walls and the ends of the floor structures with intermittently occurring recesses or embrasures that are adapted to each other and that have a form similar to the crenels between widely spaced merlons of a battlement.
- the configuration is also comparable with that of a joiner's splice, e.g. a dovetail joint.
- the load-supporting wall is given a height such that the upper edge of its concrete plate will reach a level that lies slightly beneath the upper edge of the concrete plate belonging to the floor structure element, and is provided with a plurality of rectangular recesses or apertures in the upper edge of said wall plate. These recesses have a vertical height or depth that corresponds to the bottom edge of the concrete plate belonging to the floor structure element.
- the concrete plate belonging to the floor structure element is given a length such that its ends will extend slightly over the concrete plate of said wall, or across the whole of said plate, e.g. up to its outer edge.
- the plate belonging to the floor structure is provided in the proximity of the supporting element with corresponding rectangular recesses whose depths extend at least to the inner edge of the wall plate, as seen horizontally, where remaining concrete at the ends of the floor structure element, along the wall plate, is given an extension that corresponds to the length of respective recesses in the wall plate.
- the so-called toothed ends of the plate belonging to the floor structure element fit into respective recesses in the wall concrete-plate, with the supporting teeth of the floor structure plate resting on the bottoms of respective recesses in the wall plate.
- the supporting forces deriving from the floor structure element are thus transferred into the wall plate essentially centrally, at the same time as an overlying wall having, e.g., a horizontal straight bottom edge rests on the upper edge of the remaining concrete of the lower wall plate without touching or loading the floor structure, and transmits load essentially centrally and vertically to the underlying wall plate.
- a resilient material may be placed beneath the floor structure support centrally in relation to the load supporting wall, so as to ensure that the forces deriving from the floor structure will be transferred centrally into the load supporting wall. This enables the floor structure to rotate or twist at the supporting point in both instances, in response to different intensities of useful load, without being locked and broken.
- the floor structure elements can be turned with the plate facing either upwards or downwards.
- the plate is locked against the effect of separating forces and thermally induced movement, e.g. with the aid of pegs firmly embodied in recesses or apertures in the floor structure plate and corresponding elements in the upper edge of the wall plate at the location of said supporting element.
- the upper and lower walls can also be fixed in a corresponding way, with the aid of pegs that have been cast in the walls plates at the locations of said supporting elements.
- the toothed supporting elements on the gable and long walls lock the floor structure plate firmly thereto and also fixate the walls at their upper edges, so as to hold the walls in place and reduce the number of connections required.
- Wall corners can also be affixed in this way.
- the recesses provided in the floor structure plate may also have a greater horizontal depth, so as to obtain a gap inwardly of the wall plate. This greater depth may have a smaller length extension than the length extension of the recess along the load supporting wall, so as to form a stepped recess which functions as a supporting or fixing element with contact between the concrete plate of said wall and the floor structure plate at the ends of the recess.
- the gap between wall and floor structure plate may be used to connect, e.g., electric cables to movable (or permanent) wall-mounted sockets. Alternatively, the gap may be used to conduct heating and ventilation air to the dwelling, from a hollow floor structure.
- the upper sides of respective walls can be locked effectively to the short sides and long sides of respective floor structure elements, by giving the tooth-like projections of the floor structure elements a dovetail configuration when seen in plane.
- the sides of the projections are made generally vertical or inclined slightly to the vertical plane and placed towards one another in a dovetail configuration.
- the broadest part of the tooth-like projections constitutes the end of the floor structure or, in the present case, the outermost part of the long side of the element along the long side of the floor structure element at a load-supporting wall.
- the sides of the recesses in the wall plates are given a corresponding oblique form, seen from above, such that the narrowest part of the recess faces towards the floor structure plate. This prevents separation of the walls from the floor structure.
- the wall is unable to move outwards or inwards or in a lateral direction. This provides a number of possibilities of joining walls and floor structure stably together. One such possibility is found in forming the recesses on respective element parts with such precision as to require the floor structure to be simply offered to and placed in position on the wall plate.
- Inserts are fitted between the sides of the tooth-like projections of the wall elements and the floor structure elements, instead of the aforementioned jointing composition.
- the inserts may be made of a resilient material and may be given mutually different thicknesses, so as to allow the clearance to vary somewhat.
- the wall elements and floor elements will conveniently have a width of 2.4 m.
- This width has been chosen by way of example, because it fits a module system of 0.3 m.
- the figure of 2.4 can be "evenly divided" by 8, 6, 4, 3 and 2, thereby providing a number of possible combinations that do not include odd measurements.
- a floor structure element that includes reinforcement beams that face downwards can be given a sparser beam pitch than when the beams face upwards, typically a centre-to-centre pitch of 600 mm, which is necessary to give support to a floor plate.
- This alternative spacing, or pitch provides other advantages. Because the beams lie closer to the edge of the long side of the element plate, the console formed by the floor plate from a loading aspect upon contact with adjacent elements will be shorter. This increases rigidity in respect to load transmission and also provides a stiffer connection between the elements and therewith results in a dynamically more stable floor structure. The element is also more rigid to torsional forces and will therefore have greater resistance to oscillatory forces.
- both walls and the floor structure elements are given a width of 2.4 m in the above example and placed centrally of one another (c.f. Figs. 3b and 4), the beam pitch of 900 mm enables two broad recesses to be made in the floor structure plate between the floor supports.
- the tooth-like projections on the plate belonging to the supporting wall are located in these recesses. These projections constitute supports for the overlying walls.
- Each such wall plate is supported symmetrically by two supporting elements, which is ideal from the aspect of installation. These surfaces are sufficiently large to enable a building that has at least four storeys to be constructed.
- the floor structure plate is made thicker than in the aforedescribed example for sound reduction purposes, therewith enabling the load supporting tooth-like projections to be made narrower and thus provide room for longer tooth-like projections on the wall elements so as to manage greater loads. It will be observed that the possibility of constructing buildings of this height is because all loads attack the wall plates centrally, in accordance with the solutions provided by the present invention.
- the invention also provides an advantageous method of fixing and locking the various element parts.
- a load-supporting wall for the floor structure illustrated in Fig. 3A and Fig. 4. If the joints of the wall elements in the above example are displaced, e.g., a half pitch in relation to the floor structure elements, such that the wall joints will be located centrally beneath the centres of respective floor structure elements, the wall elements will lock the floor structure elements, and vice versa.
- the floor structure joints will be located centrally of a wall element and between two tooth-like projections of the wall element.
- the outer tooth-like projections of a floor structure element will hold two wall elements in place and prevent these wall elements from moving apart.
- the edges of the floor structure lock respective wall elements in the same way. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
- the invention also enables the cost entailed by supporting floating floor structure elements in a basement floor, when, e.g., desiring to provide an installation space therebeneath as with a floor over crawl space construction. According to the above, it is also desired to reduce the number of wall joints and therewith place the exterior walls directly on a load supporting mat or like means.
- Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional views of the load-supporting walls of a semi-detached house or terraced houses with partitioning walls.
- Figs. 9A and 11B show where the sections are taken.
- the basement floor support (Fig. 8) is disposed in recesses provided in the wall plate instead of supporting the floor structure on a support beam.
- Both walls can now be braced in a conventional manner against the floor element and the intermediate floor element fitted in place.
- the next floor element is fitted in the same way.
- These following elements can be supported initially in those elements that have already been fitted. This simple procedure requires only one support beam at one end of the floor structure. No supports are required along the long sides of the floor elements, therewith obviating the need of support beams at these positions.
- the intermediate floor structure is to be supported by the "long side elements" of the walls, these elements are placed in position prior to the intermediate floor structure.
- the elements shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11A may also be replaced with a single element according to Fig. 11C. This element can be transported horizontally or while standing on its long side.
- Figs. 22A and 22B illustrate the supporting projections of a floor structure having dovetail-shaped supporting projections seen in plane, and corresponding recesses in a wall element.
- the illustrated wall recess is slightly higher than double the thickness of the support projections and on a level with respective, different plane cross-sections.
- the upper level has a width which slightly exceeds the greatest width of the support projections, or teeth.
- the side surfaces, or flank surfaces, of the lower level are adapted to the side surfaces, or flank surfaces, of the support projections.
- the recesses obtain a keyhole configuration as seen from the side of the floor structure.
- a resilient support insert can be placed in the bottom of the supporting element.
- Fig. 22A shows the insertion of an insert down between said side surfaces after fitting the floor structure.
- Fig. 23B is a perspective view of part of the upper portion of a wall plate where the tooth projections of the wall plate have been provided with a recess for retaining jointing composition in the joints.
- the overlying, upstanding wall element may include a correspondingly adapted recess or a longitudinally extending groove in its bottom edge surface.
- the concept is to prevent the bottom and top walls from meeting in a fully sealing connection, but the jointing composition should be squeezed between the opposing top and bottom surfaces, such that the jointing composition will completely fill the cavity and excess compound will seep out through the gap between said element parts.
- the distance between the wall parts is defined, e.g., by plastic spacing blocks which in assembly are placed on flat surfaces and function to support the element until the jointing composition hardens. This results in a strong joint with good abutment, whilst locking the element parts together, since the jointing composition functions as a locking spring and prevents relative horizontal movement between the parts of said wall elements.
- the invention provides the possibility of casting a reinforcement readily around the upper edges of respective wall elements.
- the insulation has been recessed to provide a groove by means of which a reinforcement can be cast when fitting a prefab. Because the wall plate is not built into the insulation in the case of the present invention, this groove or channel can be placed immediately outside the wall plate.
- the cross-section dimensions of the channel are determined by the requisite covering concrete layer. This cross-sectional measurement is about 80 mm in the case of a reinforcement rod measuring 12 mm. Although this presents a thermal bridge that must be accepted, the thermal bridge is relatively moderate in comparison with bridges that are created in other present day constructions.
- shell walls having two concrete plates for instance.
- sandwich elements e.g. concrete-insulation-concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete-insulation-lightweight aggregate concrete.
- masonry walls or foundation beams Also wooden walls as indicated in Fig. 25.
Description
This rests on the walls and can be attached elastically and provides centric loading.
The walls, in turn, load each other centrally in a vertical direction.
The structural members can be locked together by virtue of the different geometries of the attachments.
Thermal bridges are one of the problems encountered with such structures.
A comparison is made especially with single-course concrete walls to which thermal insulation is attached or which have such insulation moulded therein:
The concrete plate of the exterior wall, this concrete plate normally facing inwards, functions as a supporting means for floor structure members, and as a means for supporting overlying exterior walls, which in turn support any further storeys and also the roof of the building. The exterior wall insulation is faced outwardly and is provided with an appropriate surface coating.
The floor structure must not be clamped in the wall at its supported location, so as to avoid undesirable forces and moments of force that would act to twist apart both floor structure and wall.
Consequently, the wall plate is built into the wall in a curved plane which extends around and beyond the supporting member.
The lower part of respective overlying walls must be given a corresponding shape. These overlying walls may not be supported by the floor structure but shall solely load underlying walls.
The floor structure is,supported on its beams. Consequently, horizontal forces due to ground pressure and/or wind loads are transmitted into the element via the undersides of the beams. when using reinforcement beams that have relatively weak flanges, it is necessary to reinforce the ends of said beams in order to handle the forces that act eccentrically in relation to the element plate. The wall is provided with a horizontal recess or aperture that accommodates the full thickness or height of the floor structure.
The aforementioned curvature that passes the concrete wall plate around the floor-structure supporting element results in an asymmetric, vertically acting load from the force that acts downwards from the overlying walls, resulting in bending and, at the same time, buckling. This has a deleterious effect on the bearing capacity of the wall.
These asymmetrical bending forces are overcome at present, by providing the concrete wall plates or plates with uniformly disposed, vertical T-beam webs. These webs typically have a c/c of 600 mm. See Fig. 28B of the present Application.
These reinforcements also encroach ono the insulation and give rise to thermal bridges. They must also be reinforced as beams, therewith increasing costs.
Cellular plastic is prepared with recesses at those locations to be filled with concrete for the T-beam webs. This work is also time-consuming and costly.
The floor structure is supported on its concrete plate over its entire width along the wall.
Even though some form of supporting element is placed in the contact area between the wall concrete and the floor structure concrete, there is still obtained a thermal bridge of the worst kind. Firstly, the concrete extends essentially fully from the outside and into the interior of the building, and secondly there is practically no thermal insulation in that part of the wall located adjacent the floor structure supporting element and within a significant distance beneath this element. This construction also results in eccentric loading of the wall plate.
One problem in this regard, however, is that the floor structure and the walls must be joined together so as to obtain a stable building structure. In present-day technology, e.g. as described in Patent Application SE 9100825-0, walls and floor structures are cast together, which promotes sound transmission.
The present invention provides a solution to this problem.
It is desired to ensure that the horizontal loads act in the building supporting mat and intermediate floor structure plates respectively. Seen statistically, the join between bottom or base beam and wall results in a joint which makes it difficult to prevent the beam from being pressed into the building by the ground pressure. Consequently, practically all split-level buildings are constructed with ground plates or mats.
New installation and heating concepts provide significant advantages when the basement floor is a floating structure, even in these types of building.
One solution is to place the outer walls directly on a mat, without using bottom beams. However, this creates a problem with regard to the construction of a floating basement floor structure. In all events, it is necessary to use supporting beams to this end, at least at the ends of the basement floor structure. These element construction problems are also encountered in buildings that do not include backfilled walls.
The invention also provides a solution to these problems.
The present invention also solves this problem.
Fig 1 (Abb 1) in the German publication.
The floor slab keeps the tunnel elements together by help of projecting parts from the floor slab fitting in recesses in the edges above the tunnel walls and by letting the slab overlap the joint between two tunnel elements.
Another object is to completely eliminate the presence of thermal bridges. According to the invention, the concrete plate is covered by an imperforate insulating layer of essentially uniform thickness in the absence of connections that conduct heat outwardly.
Another object of the invention is to lead vertical loads centrally into the concrete plate of said wall.
Another object of the invention is to provide solutions for connecting walls and floor structures that will enhance stability by transferring horizontally acting forces.
Still another object is to reduce the number of supporting beams required for floating basement floors.
The concrete plate belonging to the floor structure element is given a length such that its ends will extend slightly over the concrete plate of said wall, or across the whole of said plate, e.g. up to its outer edge. The plate belonging to the floor structure is provided in the proximity of the supporting element with corresponding rectangular recesses whose depths extend at least to the inner edge of the wall plate, as seen horizontally, where remaining concrete at the ends of the floor structure element, along the wall plate, is given an extension that corresponds to the length of respective recesses in the wall plate.
The supporting forces deriving from the floor structure element are thus transferred into the wall plate essentially centrally, at the same time as an overlying wall having, e.g., a horizontal straight bottom edge rests on the upper edge of the remaining concrete of the lower wall plate without touching or loading the floor structure, and transmits load essentially centrally and vertically to the underlying wall plate. A resilient material may be placed beneath the floor structure support centrally in relation to the load supporting wall, so as to ensure that the forces deriving from the floor structure will be transferred centrally into the load supporting wall. This enables the floor structure to rotate or twist at the supporting point in both instances, in response to different intensities of useful load, without being locked and broken.
This provides several advantages. Horizontal forces deriving from ground pressure or wind power can be readily passed into the floor structure plate, which will then be subjected to essentially centric forces in the plane of said plate. These forces can be handled with the aid of thin plate constructions, which represents a saving in material.
The sparsely-toothed supporting element enables horizontal forces to be readily transferred from long walls into said plate and into gable walls, and vice versa, so as to enhance stability.
The plate is locked against the effect of separating forces and thermally induced movement, e.g. with the aid of pegs firmly embodied in recesses or apertures in the floor structure plate and corresponding elements in the upper edge of the wall plate at the location of said supporting element.
The upper and lower walls can also be fixed in a corresponding way, with the aid of pegs that have been cast in the walls plates at the locations of said supporting elements.
The toothed supporting elements on the gable and long walls lock the floor structure plate firmly thereto and also fixate the walls at their upper edges, so as to hold the walls in place and reduce the number of connections required.
This greater depth may have a smaller length extension than the length extension of the recess along the load supporting wall, so as to form a stepped recess which functions as a supporting or fixing element with contact between the concrete plate of said wall and the floor structure plate at the ends of the recess.
The gap between wall and floor structure plate may be used to connect, e.g., electric cables to movable (or permanent) wall-mounted sockets. Alternatively, the gap may be used to conduct heating and ventilation air to the dwelling, from a hollow floor structure.
The possibility of enabling a floor structure element to be placed in wall and floor-structure accommodating recesses also opens up a further, novel possibility of locking walls and floor structures effectively to one another without using the aforedescribed pegs. Alternatively, it enables the use of pegs to be restricted solely for fixing wall elements from storey to storey.
elements, by giving the tooth-like projections of the floor structure elements a dovetail configuration when seen in plane.
The sides of the projections are made generally vertical or inclined slightly to the vertical plane and placed towards one another in a dovetail configuration. The broadest part of the tooth-like projections constitutes the end of the floor structure or, in the present case, the outermost part of the long side of the element along the long side of the floor structure element at a load-supporting wall.
The sides of the recesses in the wall plates are given a corresponding oblique form, seen from above, such that the narrowest part of the recess faces towards the floor structure plate.
This prevents separation of the walls from the floor structure. The wall is unable to move outwards or inwards or in a lateral direction.
This provides a number of possibilities of joining walls and floor structure stably together.
One such possibility is found in forming the recesses on respective element parts with such precision as to require the floor structure to be simply offered to and placed in position on the wall plate.
Inserts are fitted between the sides of the tooth-like projections of the wall elements and the floor structure elements, instead of the aforementioned jointing composition. The inserts may be made of a resilient material and may be given mutually different thicknesses, so as to allow the clearance to vary somewhat.
By leaving a gap above the floor plate and inserting resilient inserts at the sides of the gap and beneath the supporting element, there has been created an elastic joint, which is a prerequisite for sound reduction. At the same time, there was also created an effective bond between long walls and gable walls, such as to achieve a stable structure. The floor structure elements are joined together in a conventional manner to achieve a plate action.
A floor structure element that includes reinforcement beams that face downwards can be given a sparser beam pitch than when the beams face upwards, typically a centre-to-centre pitch of 600 mm, which is necessary to give support to a floor plate.
A floor structure element having a width of 2400 mm and with the beams facing downwards and provided with three reinforcement beams will normally give a pitch, or spacing, of 400+800+800+400=2400, so that the floor structure will have a pitch of c/c 800 mm subsequent to being fitted.
If the beams are given instead a pitch of 300+900+900+300=2400 mm, as in the case of the present invention, the outer beams of adjacent elements will be closer together, at a distance of 600 mm. This alternative spacing, or pitch, provides other advantages.
Because the beams lie closer to the edge of the long side of the element plate, the console formed by the floor plate from a loading aspect upon contact with adjacent elements will be shorter. This increases rigidity in respect to load transmission and also provides a stiffer connection between the elements and therewith results in a dynamically more stable floor structure. The element is also more rigid to torsional forces and will therefore have greater resistance to oscillatory forces.
When both walls and the floor structure elements are given a width of 2.4 m in the above example and placed centrally of one another (c.f. Figs. 3b and 4), the beam pitch of 900 mm enables two broad recesses to be made in the floor structure plate between the floor supports. According to the invention, the tooth-like projections on the plate belonging to the supporting wall are located in these recesses. These projections constitute supports for the overlying walls.
Each such wall plate is supported symmetrically by two supporting elements, which is ideal from the aspect of installation. These surfaces are sufficiently large to enable a building that has at least four storeys to be constructed.
In the case of a building-partitioning design, the floor structure plate is made thicker than in the aforedescribed example for sound reduction purposes, therewith enabling the load supporting tooth-like projections to be made narrower and thus provide room for longer tooth-like projections on the wall elements so as to manage greater loads.
It will be observed that the possibility of constructing buildings of this height is because all loads attack the wall plates centrally, in accordance with the solutions provided by the present invention.
The invention also provides an advantageous method of fixing and locking the various element parts. Consider a load-supporting wall for the floor structure illustrated in Fig. 3A and Fig. 4. If the joints of the wall elements in the above example are displaced, e.g., a half pitch in relation to the floor structure elements, such that the wall joints will be located centrally beneath the centres of respective floor structure elements, the wall elements will lock the floor structure elements, and vice versa.
The floor structure joints will be located centrally of a wall element and between two tooth-like projections of the wall element.
In turn, the outer tooth-like projections of a floor structure element will hold two wall elements in place and prevent these wall elements from moving apart.
The edges of the floor structure lock respective wall elements in the same way. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
The contact surfaces of the upper and lower walls between the supporting surfaces of the floor structure can also be made in several mutually adapted levels, to avoid horizontal displacement and to enable the transmission of horizontal forces.
According to the above, it is also desired to reduce the number of wall joints and therewith place the exterior walls directly on a load supporting mat or like means.
Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional views of the load-supporting walls of a semi-detached house or terraced houses with partitioning walls. Figs. 9A and 11B show where the sections are taken.
In accordance with the present invention, the basement floor support (Fig. 8) is disposed in recesses provided in the wall plate instead of supporting the floor structure on a support beam. Although this supporting method can also be applied at the other end of the floor structure, the following method is more realistic in practice:
Installation is commenced by laying the support beam shown in Fig. 7. The first element in the sectioned wall in Fig. 8 is then raised and supported on the side or outside the house shell.
The floor structure element is lifted into position with its right end somewhat lower than its left end (as seen in the drawing). The right end of said element is inserted into the recesses and the element then lowered into position, first onto the bottoms of respective recesses and then down onto the support beam, which is made of concrete in the illustrated case.
When wishing to mount the first intermediate floor element already in this stage, the wall element in Fig. 7 is lifted.
Both walls can now be braced in a conventional manner against the floor element and the intermediate floor element fitted in place. The next floor element is fitted in the same way. These following elements can be supported initially in those elements that have already been fitted.
This simple procedure requires only one support beam at one end of the floor structure. No supports are required along the long sides of the floor elements, therewith obviating the need of support beams at these positions. When the intermediate floor structure is to be supported by the "long side elements" of the walls, these elements are placed in position prior to the intermediate floor structure.
The elements shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11A may also be replaced with a single element according to Fig. 11C. This element can be transported horizontally or while standing on its long side. The position in which the element is transported will be decided by prevailing handling possibilities. Although the drawings show a two-storey building, it will be understood that the elements may also be used in the construction of a three-storey building if so desired.
The supporting capacity of the wall element with respect to vertical loads has also been greatly increased, since the regions between the recesses consist of non-jointed concrete and because said regions can be pressure-reinforced.
In the case of ceiling heights of 2.4-2.5 m, for instance, the height of the wall elements having toothed top and bottom sides will be about 2500+400+-80<=3000 mm.
Elements having a width of 3 m can be transported on the platform of a truck in the majority of I-countries with special permission. When the elements are transported whilst resting on one edge, the total height of the vehicle will be about 4350 mm. This requires a free height of about 4.5 m, such free heights being found along the major roads and highways of I-countries in accordance with the aforegoing, although not in the Eastern European countries. Figs. 12 and 15 illustrate the arrangement of tooth-like projections for the mutual connection of the various structural elements according to the invention. This solution permits the use of typical bottom beams and in the illustrated example in a two-storey building, typical upper storey wall elements with straight top and bottom edge surfaces. It will be observed that the connection of a sealing house bottom fabric, see Fig. 13, can be effectively achieved with a clamping joint despite the toothed element connections. The inverted arrangement of the wall tooth-like projections enables the upper side of the bottom beam to be made straight, in accordance with the invention.
In the embodiments mentioned above, pegs and recesses have been used for fixating the various element parts. However, simpler, more effective fastening and resilient supporting of respective elements is also desired in this method of using recessed supports.
Figs. 22A and 22B illustrate the supporting projections of a floor structure having dovetail-shaped supporting projections seen in plane, and corresponding recesses in a wall element.
The illustrated wall recess is slightly higher than double the thickness of the support projections and on a level with respective, different plane cross-sections. The upper level has a width which slightly exceeds the greatest width of the support projections, or teeth. The side surfaces, or flank surfaces, of the lower level are adapted to the side surfaces, or flank surfaces, of the support projections.
The recesses obtain a keyhole configuration as seen from the side of the floor structure.
A resilient support insert can be placed in the bottom of the supporting element.
Fig. 22A shows the insertion of an insert down between said side surfaces after fitting the floor structure.
The aforementioned advantages obtained with a dovetail-shaped support element apply in other respects. Other forms of supporting teeth are conceivable. For instance, the teeth may have a T-shape or the side surfaces thereof may be curved when seen from above, with the broadest part innermost in the wall element support.
Fig. 23B is a perspective view of part of the upper portion of a wall plate where the tooth projections of the wall plate have been provided with a recess for retaining jointing composition in the joints. The overlying, upstanding wall element may include a correspondingly adapted recess or a longitudinally extending groove in its bottom edge surface.
The concept is to prevent the bottom and top walls from meeting in a fully sealing connection, but the jointing composition should be squeezed between the opposing top and bottom surfaces, such that the jointing composition will completely fill the cavity and excess compound will seep out through the gap between said element parts. The distance between the wall parts is defined, e.g., by plastic spacing blocks which in assembly are placed on flat surfaces and function to support the element until the jointing composition hardens. This results in a strong joint with good abutment, whilst locking the element parts together, since the jointing composition functions as a locking spring and prevents relative horizontal movement between the parts of said wall elements.
Fig. 27C illustrates a clearance between the wall and a
An element that includes plates with homogenous reinforcement beams, e.g. so-called TT-cassettes.
Or prefabricated plate-like reinforced cast bottoms, so-called Filigranelement with on-site cast concrete on top, where the prefabricated plate includes supporting tooth-like projections in accordance with the invention.
On-site cast homogenous floor structure plates, cast on moulds or forms, can also be joined to the supporting walls provided with recesses in accordance with the invention.
The described and illustrated embodiments solely include walls and foundation beams that include thin, preferably vertical, plates with attached insulation. It will be understood, however, that the invention can be applied equally as well to on-site cast wall elements or prefabricated elements that consist of other material compositions, for instance have different densities and/or porosities and supporting capacities in different layers.
Also so-called sandwich elements, e.g. concrete-insulation-concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete-insulation-lightweight aggregate concrete.
Also masonry walls or foundation beams.
Also wooden walls as indicated in Fig. 25.
Claims (16)
- An arrangement for joining together a floor structure (4, 5) and a vertically extending load supporting wall (1, 2; 33), wherein the wall includes a series of horizontally separated recesses (20), wherein said series delimits an upper wall part (1) located above said series and a bottom wall part (2) located below said series, wherein said wall parts are in vertical, load-transmitting contact between the recesses, wherein the floor structure includes a floor structure plate (4, 5) that has tooth-like projections (15) which project out in the plane of the floor structure plate in the edge of the plate adjacent said wall (1, 2; 33), and a recess (16) between each pair of mutually adjacent tooth-like projections (15), and wherein the tooth-like projections (15) are received in the wall recesses (20) and supported by the bottom edge-parts of said wall recesses, characterised in that the height of the wall recesses (20) exceeds the vertical height of the tooth-like projections (15) on said floor structure plate.
- An arrangement according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lower wall part (2) and the upper wall part (1) are mutually separate and are joined together at some level within the vertical extension range of the wall recesses (20).
- An arrangement according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the wall recesses (14; 20) are undercut, as seen horizontally from the floor structure plate (4, 5); and in that the tooth-like projections (14) on the floor structure plate received in said recess have a shape which is generally complementary to the undercut recesses such as to obtain a shape-bound connection that will prevent the floor structure plate from being pulled loose from the wall (1; 2).
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-3, characterised in that the bottom edge surface of the recesses in the floor structure plate located between the supporting tooth-like projections has in a longitudinally centre region thereof a further recess that forms a vertical through-penetrating gap (24) between the floor structure plate (4, 5) and the wall (1; 2), wherein the remaining end-parts of said bottom edge surface form support shoulders (23) for supporting the floor structure plate against said wall.
- An arrangement according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that a second recess part (28) is formed above the undercut wall recess (27) complementary to the tooth-like projection (15), as a vertical widening of said undercut recess; and in that the second recess part has a free cross-sectional area which is at least equally as large as the largest cross-sectional contour of the tooth-like projection (15) of the floor structure plate, so as to enable the tooth-like projection of said floor structure plate to be inserted axially into said second recess part (28) and then lowered down into said undercut recess (27).
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-5, characterised by a resilient supporting element (29) which functions to form the bottom load-supporting edge part of respective recesses (14; 20) so as to enable the tooth-like projections (15) of the floor structure plate to be vertically angled in the recess, wherein the height of the recess (14; 20) is slightly greater than the height of the projection (15) so as to avoid interference with the upper side (12, 13) of said tooth-like projection.
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-6, characterised in that the tooth-like projections (15) of the floor structure and the wall recesses (14) present a lateral clearance therebetween; and in that a resilient insert (25) is placed in the resultant gaps on either side of a tooth-like projection (15).
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-7, characterised by a horizontal beam (32) which is cast on the outside of the wall approximately on the level of the recesses (14), wherein the upper side of the beam is located in the vicinity of the level of the recesses (14), and wherein the beam bridges vertical joint gaps in a wall portion (2) constructed from laterally joined wall elements.
- An arrangement according to Claim 8, characterised in that said beam is adapted to hold horizontally separated wall elements together, and is preferably anchored to horizontally separated wall elements.
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-9, characterised in that the floor structure plate (4, 5) is comprised of laterally joined floor structure elements; in that the wall is comprised of laterally joined wall elements (1, 2; 33); in that the supporting end of each floor structure element includes a plurality of tooth-like projections (15), at least three, and a recess (16) between each pair of mutually adjacent tooth-like projections; in that the jointed wall elements have recesses (20) which are generally complementary to the tooth-like projections (15) of the floor structure element; in that the wall elements include between their respective recesses parts (13, 40) that are received in the recesses (16) of the floor structure elements; and in that the number of said parts in a wall element along the wall extension covered by a floor structure element at the supporting end of said element is less than the number of tooth-like projections on each floor structure element.
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-9, characterised in that the floor structure plate (4, 5) is comprised of laterally joined floor structure elements; in that the wall is comprised of laterally joined wall elements (1, 2; 33); in that the supporting end of each floor structure element includes a plurality of tooth-like projections (15), at least three, and a recess (16) between each pair of mutually adjacent tooth-like projections; in that the mutually joined wall elements include recesses (20) that are generally complementary to the tooth-like projections (15) of the floor structure element; in that the wall elements include between their respective recesses parts (13, 40) are received in the recesses (16) of the floor structure elements; and in that the number of said parts (13, 40) in a wall element along the wall extension covered by the supporting ends of a floor structure element are at least equal to the number of tooth-like projections (15) on each floor structure element along the wall extension covered by a floor structure element at the supporting end of said element, of which parts (13, 40) at least one is positidned opposite to the lateral joint of a floor structure.
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-11, characterised in that the wall is comprised of a concrete plate or a frame structure (3).
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-12, characterised in that the wall recesses (14) are formed in the upper edge surface of a lower wall part (2); in that the upper edge areas of the lower wall part between the recesses in an inner region each have a raised portion (26); and in that an upper wall part (1) supported on the upper edge surface (12, 13) of the lower wall part has recesses that correspond to and receive said raised portions (26).
- An arrangement according to any one of Claims 1-12, characterised in that the wall is comprised of vertically separated wall elements that are mutually joined together; in that the generally horizontal joint surfaces of the wall elements have mutually facing recesses (39) that are filled with jointing composition; and in that when hard said jointing composition forms a body that extends into both of said recesses such as to prevent horizontal relative movement between the wall parts present in said joint.
- An arrangement according to Claim 14, characterised in that the upper wall part (1) supported by the upper edge surface (12, 13) of the lower wall has longitudinally groove-like recesses in the bottom edge surface (11) that are intended to receive jointing composition such as to form a resilient locking means.
- An arrangement according to any one of the preceding Claims which include a floor structure comprised of floor-structure elements (4, 5) having reinforcement beams (6), characterised in that the beams of said floor structure elements are given a spacing of about b/8 + 3b/8 + 3b/8 + b/8 = b.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9701500A SE9701500D0 (en) | 1997-04-20 | 1997-04-20 | Device for wall mounting |
SE9701500 | 1997-04-20 | ||
PCT/SE1998/000711 WO1998048123A1 (en) | 1997-04-20 | 1998-04-20 | Arrangement at wall support |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1012415A1 EP1012415A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
EP1012415B1 true EP1012415B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=20406672
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98917919A Expired - Lifetime EP1012415B1 (en) | 1997-04-20 | 1998-04-20 | Arrangement at wall support |
EP98917920A Withdrawn EP0941155A1 (en) | 1997-04-20 | 1998-04-20 | Procedure for casting of building element; the lt-method |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98917920A Withdrawn EP0941155A1 (en) | 1997-04-20 | 1998-04-20 | Procedure for casting of building element; the lt-method |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1012415B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1138899C (en) |
AU (2) | AU7095398A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2287313A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69828622T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1012415T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL198167B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE9701500D0 (en) |
WO (2) | WO1998047679A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110821022A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 怀化远大建筑工业有限公司 | Full-prefabricated high-strength PC floor in steel construction that can install fast |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2231940B1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2015-05-06 | Finch, Steven Caffall | Railway arch linings and mezzanine floors |
EP2767373A1 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-20 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Method for producing a multilayer, reinforced concrete element |
CN105201079A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-30 | 任丘市永基建筑安装工程有限公司 | Floorslab and wallboard welding technique |
CN106245806B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-11-27 | 沈阳建筑大学 | The whole hook bolt connection without heat bridge board wall of assembly concrete |
CN110206158B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-09 | 中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司 | Horizontal connecting structure of precast concrete double-T plate and construction method thereof |
CN113846746A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-28 | 成都建工第一建筑工程有限公司 | Basement structure beneficial to efficient construction and construction method |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1282280B (en) * | 1961-06-13 | 1968-11-07 | Hermann Schaeler Bauunternehme | Building construction in reinforced concrete transverse wall construction |
FR1394123A (en) * | 1964-02-13 | 1965-04-02 | Veran Costamagna & Cie | Manufacturing process of lightweight brick and plaster partition panels |
DE2120144C3 (en) * | 1971-04-24 | 1973-12-13 | Nordis Handels- Und Finanz- Ag, Vaduz | Building made of tunnel-shaped room elements and table-shaped ceiling elements |
DE2239736A1 (en) * | 1971-09-30 | 1973-04-05 | Bauakademie Ddr | PROCESS FOR ERECTING BUILDINGS FROM PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS |
GB1448714A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1976-09-08 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Construction panels |
US5095674A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1992-03-17 | Huettemann Erik W | Concrete building panel with intermeshed interior insulating slab and method of preparing the same |
US5081805A (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1992-01-21 | Jazzar M Omar A | Precast concrete building units and method of manufacture thereof |
US5588272A (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-12-31 | Haponski; Edward L. | Reinforced monolithic concrete wall structure for spanning spaced-apart footings and the like |
-
1997
- 1997-04-20 SE SE9701500A patent/SE9701500D0/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-04-20 AU AU70953/98A patent/AU7095398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-20 WO PCT/SE1998/000712 patent/WO1998047679A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-04-20 DE DE69828622T patent/DE69828622T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-20 PL PL336725A patent/PL198167B1/en unknown
- 1998-04-20 DK DK98917919T patent/DK1012415T3/en active
- 1998-04-20 CA CA002287313A patent/CA2287313A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-20 CN CNB988055872A patent/CN1138899C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-04-20 EP EP98917919A patent/EP1012415B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-20 EP EP98917920A patent/EP0941155A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-04-20 AU AU70952/98A patent/AU7095298A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-20 WO PCT/SE1998/000711 patent/WO1998048123A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110821022A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-21 | 怀化远大建筑工业有限公司 | Full-prefabricated high-strength PC floor in steel construction that can install fast |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69828622D1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
EP0941155A1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
DE69828622T2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
CN1258331A (en) | 2000-06-28 |
CN1138899C (en) | 2004-02-18 |
DK1012415T3 (en) | 2005-06-06 |
AU7095298A (en) | 1998-11-13 |
CA2287313A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
PL336725A1 (en) | 2000-07-03 |
WO1998048123A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
PL198167B1 (en) | 2008-06-30 |
WO1998047679A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
AU7095398A (en) | 1998-11-13 |
SE9701500D0 (en) | 1997-04-20 |
EP1012415A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4319440A (en) | Building blocks, wall structures made therefrom and methods of making the same | |
US7174687B2 (en) | Web offset lug dry-stack system | |
US6907704B2 (en) | Interlocking mortarless load bearing building block system | |
US6508041B1 (en) | Interlocking concrete block | |
US7121061B2 (en) | Reinforced concrete building system | |
CA2297972C (en) | Building panels for use in the construction of buildings | |
AU2017301103B2 (en) | Pre-cast concrete formwork, wall system and method of construction | |
EP0418216B1 (en) | Frame-work for structural walls in multy-storey buildings | |
KR100830241B1 (en) | Method for hybridizing light-weight composite wall and concrete floor in light-weight composite structure using adapter | |
EP1012415B1 (en) | Arrangement at wall support | |
WO1980002301A1 (en) | Improved building block and structures formed therewith | |
US3874139A (en) | Basement wall construction | |
CA2405638A1 (en) | Engineered wall system | |
GB2159552A (en) | Building structure of blocks having apertures and locating rods | |
KR102632253B1 (en) | An Extended Structure | |
US1971093A (en) | Reenforced concrete floor for buildings and the like | |
RU2224853C1 (en) | Wall unit | |
GB2373003A (en) | Precast panel building system | |
CN115717445A (en) | Connecting joint of prefabricated non-bearing outer wall and cast-in-place shear wall | |
SE543525C2 (en) | Building element for a foundation and a method for installing a foundation | |
WO1990010128A1 (en) | Construction element | |
CN115653088A (en) | Concrete module, modular building, manufacturing method and building method | |
JPS6378941A (en) | Concrete block structure having strength in wall thickness direction | |
CN117822948A (en) | Low-layer energy-saving heat-preservation concrete house capable of being quickly built and construction method | |
RU2233944C1 (en) | Pile for composite wall built in ground |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991117 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE DK FI FR GB IE SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20030718 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: WEGLER, GEORGE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WEGLER, GEORGE |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: WEGLER, GEORGE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WEGLER, GEORGE |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE DK FI FR GB IE SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69828622 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20050217 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FI Payment date: 20050411 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20050411 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20050412 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20051013 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060420 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060420 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20061012 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20061230 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060502 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20071102 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20090420 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20100429 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100503 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20110420 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20110420 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20141022 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150421 |