EP1010484A2 - Kombination eines Konvektions- und eines Konduktionsofens - Google Patents

Kombination eines Konvektions- und eines Konduktionsofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1010484A2
EP1010484A2 EP99105668A EP99105668A EP1010484A2 EP 1010484 A2 EP1010484 A2 EP 1010484A2 EP 99105668 A EP99105668 A EP 99105668A EP 99105668 A EP99105668 A EP 99105668A EP 1010484 A2 EP1010484 A2 EP 1010484A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating chamber
environments
segment
castings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99105668A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1010484A3 (de
Inventor
Scott P. Crafton
James L. Lewis, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Consolidated Engineering Co Inc
Original Assignee
Consolidated Engineering Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consolidated Engineering Co Inc filed Critical Consolidated Engineering Co Inc
Publication of EP1010484A2 publication Critical patent/EP1010484A2/de
Publication of EP1010484A3 publication Critical patent/EP1010484A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/001—Removing cores
    • B22D29/003—Removing cores using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
    • B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/04—Ram or pusher apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2407—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace)
    • F27B9/2415—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollers (roller hearth furnace) the charge rotating about an axis transversal to the axis of advancement of the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
    • F27D2007/045—Fans

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of foundry processing, and more particularly to heat treating metal castings and reclaiming sand from sand cores and sand molds used in the manufacture of metal castings.
  • sand core/sand mold materials comprise sand that is held together by a binder material such as, but not limited to, a combustible organic resin binder.
  • the present invention provides a single furnace system which integrates, in combination, a plurality of distinct hearing environments (which in the preferred embodiments include two heating environments comprising a conduction heating environment and a convection hearing environment) integrated such that the plurality of environments define a continuous hearing chamber through which a moving workpiece (such as a casting) transitions from one heating environment to the other without being exposed to the atmosphere.
  • a moving workpiece such as a casting
  • the transitioning of the casting from one environment to the other is accomplished with no meaningful change in temperature.
  • Fig. 1 depicts in schematic representation a combination conduction/convection furnace 10 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the combination furnace 10 is seen as comprising a frame structure 12 which defines an enclosed heating chamber 14 and includes insulated walls 15 surrounding the heating chamber, an entrance portal 16 outfitted with a selectively closable insulated inlet door 17 and an exit portal 18 outfitted with a selectively closable insulated outlet door 19.
  • the heating chamber 14 is seen as divided into two major heating chamber segments 23, 24 which together comprise the continuous heating chamber 14 and are interconnected by a transitional passage 25.
  • the transitional passage 25 is of sufficient size and orientation to allow for the easy movement from the first heating chamber segment 23 to the second heating chamber segment 24 of a work piece, such as a casting, as well as the free movement of heat, gases, dust, and the like from one chamber segment to the other chamber segment.
  • An integrated transportation system 26 transports the castings from the entrance portal 16, through the first heating chamber 23, into and through the second heating chamber 24, to the exit portal 18.
  • each of the first heating chamber segment 23 and second heating chamber segment 24 is equipped to heat a casting within the respective chamber segment by a furnace hearing process which is of a process distinct from the furnace hearing process with which the other chamber segment is equipped.
  • Figs. 1-3 are equipped with a conduction furnace heating process, in the form of a deep fluidized bed furnace, in the first heating chamber segment 23 and are equipped with a convection type heating furnace in the second heating chamber segment 24.
  • the heating environment provided in the first heating chamber segment 23 is, thus, an environment as is created by a conduction type furnace (such as a fluidized bed furnace) and the heating environment of the second heating chamber segment 24 is, thus, an environment as is created by a convection type furnace.
  • a bed 27 of particles mostly fills the first heating chamber segment 23, and conduit 28 for the introduction of fluidizing gases are provided.
  • a heating source (not shown) provides heated fluidizing gases to the conduit 28.
  • the convection heating chamber segment 24 includes heating elements (not shown) which heat the air inside the heating chamber segment such that the heat transfers by convection to a casting contained within the convection heating chamber segment and such that the castings are heated to an appropriate temperature for an appropriate period of time to accomplish one or more (full or partial) desired casting processing steps (an example of which is expressed below).
  • the combination furnace 10 is seen as also including a loading station 40 outside the furnace structure 12 and, an entry zone 41 inside the furnace structure 12.
  • the entry zone 41 of the herein depicted embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, occupies a portion of the heating chamber 14 positioned above the fluidized bed segment 23 and receives rising heat, thus exposing castings in the entry zone to initial chamber heat.
  • the integrated transport system 26, of the herein depicted embodiments is comprised of a combination of a charge transport mechanism (depicted by arrow 43) and entry transport mechanism 44 (depicted in Fig. 1, for example, as a hoist), a first chamber transport mechanism 45 (depicted in Fig.
  • a transitional transport mechanism 46 (depicted in Fig. 1 as, for example, another hoist mechanism), a second transitional transport mechanism 47 (depicted herein as, for example, a ram/push device), and a second chamber transport mechanism 48 (depicted as, for example, a roller conveyor).
  • a hoist type entry transport mechanism 44 is depicted, together with a representative fixed rail assembly 42 of the first chamber transport mechanism 45.
  • the entry transport mechanism 44 includes a movable pallet 70 (formed of two spaced apart lateral rails 71 (one shown) and two, spaced apart transverse beams 72) and a four cornered support frame 73 supported from above by cabling 74 connected to a drive mechanism (not shown).
  • a hoist type first transition transport mechanism 46 is of similar construction. The construction and operation of the depicted integrated transport system 26 is deemed readily understood by those skilled in the art upon reference to this specification. Movement of the casting through the various chambers is not limited to those particular mechanisms depicted herein and alternate transporting mechanisms will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the convection heating chamber segment 24 is comprised of an upper open air portion through which the casting moves and is heated and a lower portion formed, for example, as a hopper (or hoppers) 33 into which falls and is collected (and, preferably, is further processed) any sand core materials which may fall from the casting in this segment of the heating chamber.
  • the convection segment 24 is shown outfitted with an air re-circulating system 52 which stirs air within the convection heating chamber segment 24 to assist in acquiring temperature uniformity, throughout the convection heating chamber segment (including at the vicinity of the transitional passage 25), as would be understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the herein depicted re-circulating system includes a re-circulating fan 53 and related ductwork 54, though other re-circulating systems will be readily identified by those skilled in the art.
  • the convection segment 24 is provided with sand reclaiming features such as screens 55 and in-hopper fluidization 56. The structure and operation of these reclaiming features will be understood by reference to the Reference Patents, especially U.S. 5,294,094 and 5,345,038.
  • the convection segment 24' includes a furnace chamber with a trough 58 with fluidized, migrating bed 59, discharge weir 60, and integrated cooling chamber 61 similar to the embodiment of Fig.
  • FIG. 1A of Reference Patent U.S. 5,829,509 and the structure and operation of the furnace chamber segment 24' and related reclaiming will be understood by reference to that Patent.
  • the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 are also seen as including a weir or spillway 37 by which sand or other particles accumulating within the deep bed furnace is allowed to spill into the hopper 33 or tough 58, respectively, of the convection chamber 24, 24', thus controlling the depth of the bed 27 of the fluidized bed segment 23, and, preferably, controlling the dwell time of any sand core particles within the deep bed 27.
  • a casting (not seen), typically laden with outer molds and/or inner sand cores (collectively referred to herein as "sand cores") is positioned at the loading station 40 ("P1").
  • the casting is, for example, carried within a wire basket or like transport container 50 which contains the casting yet allows for access to the casting by the fluidizing medium of the bed 27 and also allows for the discharge from the container of sand core material which falls from the casting.
  • the basket and casting are moved, for example, by being pushed by the charge transport mechanism 43 through the temporarily open inlet door 17 to the entry segment 41 (at position "P2"), where the basket rests on, for example, a hoist pallet 70.
  • the entry transport mechanism 44 lowers the pallet 70 with the basket 50 and casting into the conduction heating chamber segment 23 until the casting is fully immersed within the fluidized bed 27 and the lateral rails 71 align with the fixed rails 42.
  • the fluidized bed 27 is, preferably, comprised of refinery sand similar in nature to that sand of which the sand cores of the casting are created.
  • the fluidized bed has been preheated to an initial temperature prior to receiving the casting.
  • the fluidized bed 27 is heated to a temperature sufficient to perform the particular casting processing steps desired to be carried out within the fluidized bed.
  • the bed 27 is heated to a temperature sufficient enough to conduct heat to the casting of a temperature sufficient to dislodged sand core materials from cavities within castings.
  • the core materials preferably comprise sand that is bound by a combustible binder material such as, but not limited to, an organic resin binder.
  • a combustible binder material such as, but not limited to, an organic resin binder.
  • the fluidized bed is heated to above the combustion temperature of the organic resin binder.
  • the processing steps desired to be performed in the fluidized bed segment 23 are, at least, the process of removing sand cores from the casting and the process of reclaiming sand from the core material which exists the castings while in the fluidized bed furnace.
  • the techniques of heating the sand core to a sufficiently high temperature as well as the techniques of retaining the discharged sand core within the fluidized bed 27 for sufficient dwell time to substantially reclaim the sand are employed as would be understood by those skilled in the art, especially with reference to the "Reference Patents". It is not required that all moldings and sand core be removed from the casting in the fluidized bed since a certain amount of core removal and sand reclamation is provided for and acceptable within the convection segment 24, though in preferred embodiments a meaningful amount of core removal and sand reclamation is preferred within the conduction segment 23. A certain amount of heat treatment of the casting within the fluidized bed heating chamber segment 23 anticipated.
  • basket 50 With the casting, is moved by the first chamber transport mechanism 45 longitudinally through the conduction heating chamber segment 23 from its entry position at "P3" to a final bed position "PF" adjacent the convection heating chamber segment 24.
  • first chamber transport mechanism 45 longitudinally through the conduction heating chamber segment 23 from its entry position at "P3" to a final bed position "PF" adjacent the convection heating chamber segment 24.
  • PF final bed position
  • Various techniques understood in the art are acceptably used for moving the basket 50 and casting through the fluidized bed, including, for example, the ram/push device 39 and rail assembly 42 depicted.
  • the push device 39 pushes the basket 50 laterally off the rails 71 of the movable pallet 70 onto the fixed rails 42, through the fluidized bed chamber segment 23, to a resting position on the rails 71a of the movable pallet 70a of the first transitional transport mechanism 46 (position PF). From position PF, the movable pallet 70a, with the basket 50 and casting, is raised by the transitional transport mechanism 46 (for example, by a hoist) through the transitional passage 25 to a position in the convection heating chamber segment 24 adjacent the second chamber transport mechanism 48.
  • the basket 50 is moved longitudinally off the pallet rails 71a and then through the convection heating chamber segment 24, first by the second transitional transport mechanism 47 and then by the second chamber transport mechanism 48.
  • movement of the casting through the various chambers is not limited to those particular mechanisms depicted herein and alternate transporting mechanisms will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the casting is acceptably transported through the entire chamber 14 by a basket supported overhead by a cable extending from a shuffle moving longitudinally over the frame structure 12 on an overhead rail. The shuffle selectively spools and unspools the cable to raise and lower the basket at appropriate times.
  • heat generated in the conduction heating chamber segment 23 will pass freely through the transitional passage 25 into the convection heating chamber segment 24 and, thereby, provide preheat to the convection segment and assist in effecting a continuing casting heating process from the conduction heating environment to the convection heating environment without meaningful change in temperature.
  • the chamber segment is heated to sufficient temperature to perform the casting processing steps desired for this chamber segment. For example, preferably, heat treatment of the casting is performed and completed during the casting's containment within the convection heating chamber segment 24.
  • any remaining sand core is removed from the casting and the sand is substantially reclaimed from the remaining sand core portions.
  • the basket and casting are conveyed out of the exit portal 18.
  • Fig. 2 depicts a third embodiment of the combination furnace 10'' which does not include a hopper or a trough for retention of fallen sand core materials but, rather, includes a sand return 60 by which sand core collected in the convection hearing segment 24'' is conveyed back to the fluidized bed segment 23 where it is further processed for reclaiming of sand.
  • a discharge weir 64 within the fluidized bed segment 23'' is provided in order to discharge reclaimed sand from the fluidized bed segment, and the depth of the bed 27 is established or regulated to provide proper dwell time for reclamation.
  • the weir 64 acceptably discharges to a cooling chamber 61' as will be understood by reference to the embodiment of Fig. 113 of the 5,829,509 patent.
  • the combination furnace 10 is utilized to perform the three-in-one processes of casting processing known as core removal, in furnace sand reclamation, and heat treatment
  • the combination furnace 10 of the present invention is acceptably utilized to perform one or more of the mentioned processes or other processes associated with the processing of castings using heat.
  • the sand reclaiming features of the furnace such as, the spillway 37, screens 55, and fluidizers 56 are acceptably removed.
  • the present invention is seen as relating to the integration of a plurality of (two or more) heating environments in such a manner as to effect a continuous heating chamber, and, in accordance with the present invention, at least two adjacent heating environments within the continuous heating chamber are distinct from one another.
  • the distinct environments are disclosed as one being a deep bed conduction furnace and the other a convection furnace.
  • Figs. 1-3 herein is acceptably two segments of a larger heating chamber comprised of other heating chamber segments, including other heating environments.
  • Such an expanded heating chamber 14', 14'' is schematically represented in Figs. 4 and 6.
  • another segment 80 comprising a deep bed furnace type of hearing environment follows the convection segment 24 of Fig. 1.
  • a heat channeling transitional zone 81 is provided between the convection segment 24 and the additional conduction heating chamber segment 80 of Fig. 6.
  • a convection type heating segment is added to the front of the deep bed conduction segment 23 of Fig. 1, with a heat channeling transitional zone in between.
  • a duplicate of the combination deep bed and convection system of Fig. 1 is "piggy-backed" to the front or back (or both) of the system shown in Fig. 1.
  • the invention again includes a heat channeling transitional zone provided between each adjacent heating environment segment.
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a convection heating environment as the first heating segment 23''' and a deep bed conduction environment as the second heating segment 24'''.
  • heating environments might acceptably include any heating environment known and understood currently or in the fixture by those skilled in the art, including, without limitation, conduction, convection, and radiant heating environments.
EP99105668A 1998-12-15 1999-03-19 Kombination eines Konvektions- und eines Konduktionsofens Withdrawn EP1010484A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11240098P 1998-12-15 1998-12-15
US112400P 1998-12-15

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EP1010484A2 true EP1010484A2 (de) 2000-06-21
EP1010484A3 EP1010484A3 (de) 2000-06-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6547556B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2003-04-15 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Combination conduction/convection furnace
WO2003038133A2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Procedyne Corp. Apparatus and method for transferring heat treated parts

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2448573A1 (fr) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-05 Physique Appliquee Ind Installation automatique de trempe isotherme en lit fluidise
GB2187398A (en) * 1983-12-22 1987-09-09 Tudor Roof Tile Co Limited Method and apparatus for heat treatment
EP0546210A1 (de) * 1991-05-24 1993-06-16 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Gussstücken
US5565046A (en) * 1989-09-29 1996-10-15 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Heat treatment of metal castings and integrated sand reclamation
DE19530975A1 (de) * 1995-08-23 1997-02-27 Vaw Alucast Gmbh Ofen zum Entfernen des Formsandes von Gußteilen
WO1997030805A1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. System and process for reclaiming sand
WO1998014291A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Procedyne Corp. Sand core removal and casting heat treatment

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5294094A (en) * 1989-09-29 1994-03-15 Consolidated Engineering Company Method and apparatus for heat treating metal castings

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2448573A1 (fr) * 1979-02-06 1980-09-05 Physique Appliquee Ind Installation automatique de trempe isotherme en lit fluidise
GB2187398A (en) * 1983-12-22 1987-09-09 Tudor Roof Tile Co Limited Method and apparatus for heat treatment
US5565046A (en) * 1989-09-29 1996-10-15 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Heat treatment of metal castings and integrated sand reclamation
EP0546210A1 (de) * 1991-05-24 1993-06-16 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung von Gussstücken
DE19530975A1 (de) * 1995-08-23 1997-02-27 Vaw Alucast Gmbh Ofen zum Entfernen des Formsandes von Gußteilen
WO1997030805A1 (en) * 1996-02-23 1997-08-28 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. System and process for reclaiming sand
WO1998014291A1 (en) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-09 Procedyne Corp. Sand core removal and casting heat treatment

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6547556B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2003-04-15 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Combination conduction/convection furnace
WO2003038133A2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Procedyne Corp. Apparatus and method for transferring heat treated parts
WO2003038133A3 (en) * 2001-11-01 2004-03-11 Procedyne Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat treated parts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000202571A (ja) 2000-07-25
EP1010484A3 (de) 2000-06-28

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