Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
  • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
  • F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field general gun.
• the present invention also relates to a process for obtaining such. projectile, as well as new soft and elastic composite materials usable to constitute such a projectile.
• projectiles deformable into rubber or filled elastomer especially made of EPDM type thermoplastic elastomer (ethylene-propylene-diene monomers), styrene-isoprene-styrene, or styrene-butadiene-styrene.
• EPDM type thermoplastic elastomer ethylene-propylene-diene monomers
• styrene-isoprene-styrene styrene-butadiene-styrene.
• Patent application GB 2 192 258 described by example non-lethal ammunition with a projectile made of synthetic polyisoprene.
• Patent application FR 2 532 742 describes projectiles formed of a rubber bullet having a Shore A hardness from 40 to 55 and a diameter less than that of the soul of the barrel of the weapon. This document teaches that it is imperative to limit the diameter of the ball so as not to risk bursting or swelling from the barrel of the weapon. He also teaches that the beach of the mentioned hardness results from a compromise. The projectile must be hard enough not to crashing too far inside the barrel, which would cause it to swell or burst, and the projectile must be sufficiently soft to neutralize the individual without seriously injuring him.
• the present invention solves this problem.
• the new projectiles according to the invention are particularly soft, since they have a hardness Shore A between 2 and 30. They crash on the living target by forming a wafer, ensuring its temporary neutralization due to the shock created at impact, but without causing serious harm, even for short distance shots.
• New non-lethal projectiles for handguns fire according to the invention are made of a material soft and elastic composite comprising a matrix organic polymer and powdery filler metallic dispersed in the polymer matrix.
• the crosslinked polybutadiene is only made up of linked polybutadien chains by bridges.
• crosslinked polybutadiene it is necessary to understand a polybutadiene of three-dimensional structure, obtained by establishment of bridges between polybutadien chains in general by thermosetting of a liquid or pasty composition comprising a liquid polybutadiene comprising reactive functional terminations and a crosslinking agent for this polybutadiene.
• the material composite used according to the invention which comprises a crosslinked polymer matrix and a fairly high charge rate high, can be as soft and elastic, softer and elastic than most polymeric materials known filled thermoplastics.
• the crosslinked polybutadiene is a polyurethane, that is to say that the chains polybutadienes are connected to bridges by functions urethanes.
• Such a crosslinked polymer can be obtained by reaction of a polybutadiene with hydroxyl endings with a polyisocyanate crosslinker.
• the crosslinked polybutadiene is a poly (ester-alcohol) whose polybutadien chains are linked to the bridges by ester-alcohol functions of formula
• Such a crosslinked polymer can be obtained by reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene with a polyepoxide crosslinker.
• the crosslinked polybutadiene is a poly (ester-amine) whose polybutadien chains are linked to the bridges by ester-amine functions of formula
• Such a crosslinked polymer can be obtained by reaction of a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene with a polyaziridine crosslinker.
• the crosslinked polybutadiene is plasticized.
• plasticizers well known in the rubber industry, we can cite dioctyl azelate, sebaçate dioctyl and dioctyl phthalate.
• crosslinked polybutadiene is antioxidant. All antioxidants well known to those skilled in the art in the rubber industry are suitable. We can quote by phenols, such as ditertiobutylparacresol.
• the metallic powder charge is chosen in the group consisting of iron, iron alloys, mixtures of iron with another metal, the compounds of iron, barium compounds like barium sulfate, tungsten, mixtures of tungsten with another metal, tungsten alloys and compounds of tungsten.
• tungsten filler Mention may be made of tungsten, iron-tungsten mixtures, ferrotungsten alloys, tungsten-nickel-iron alloys, tungsten carbide, tungsten oxides and tungsten salts.
• the charge metallic powder represents between 30% and 70% in weight relative to the composite material.
• the particle size of the metallic powder charge is preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m, better still between 0.5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
• the 1 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m range is particularly preferred.
• Polybutadien chains of crosslinked polybutadiene preferably have pendant vinyl unsaturations, that is to say that they have units -C 4 H 6 - of structure and ethylenic unsaturations in the chain which may be in the cis position or in the trans position, that is to say units -C 4 H 6 - of structure
• the polybutadien chains contain between 15% and 25% vinyl unsaturations pending, compared to the total number of unsaturated.
• they comprise also between 50% and 60% of ethylenic unsaturations in trans position and between 20% and 30% of unsaturations ethylenic in the cis position, relative to the number total unsaturations.
• the latter may be any, namely any usual form for this type of projectile, in particular spherical, cylindrical or Gothic.
• the projectiles according to the invention have, in the absence of any constraint, a spherical shape, and are intended to be forcibly embedded in cylindrical cartridges free of flock having a smaller internal diameter to the diameter of the projectile, using a single projectile per cartridge.
• the projectile thus in place then presents a cylindrical shape with rounded ends.
• the diameter of the core of the barrel of the weapon is also less than diameter of the projectile, which itself seals with respect to the propellant powder combustion gases.
• the outer wall of the cartridge is made up by at least one rotary magazine bore and each cartridge is formed only by the projectile, a charge of propellant powder and a primer, these 3 elements being separable.
• Cartridge has no outer casing individual, no fluff, which significantly reduces its cost.
• the rotating magazine behaves like a barrel charged and not rechargeable. After shooting all projectiles, then extraction of the empty magazine, we sets in motion a new rotating store plastic fitted with cartridges in the space of the carcass of the weapon reserved for this purpose.
• polybutadiene liquid can also have reactive functions non-terminal, i.e. fixed along the chain polybutadiene. These non-terminal reactive functions are preferably identical to the terminal functions.
• the average functionality measured statistic may not be an integer, which is usually the case, because a polymer very rarely consists of molecules identical. It is for example between 2.0 and 2.5.
• cross-linking agent of polybutadiene it is necessary understand an agent likely to react with reactive functional endings of polybutadiene and, when present, with the functions non-terminal reagents, so as to build bridges between the polybutadien chains to achieve a solid, cross-linked polybutadiene, of structure three-dimensional.
• polybutadiene has hydroxyl functional endings and the crosslinking agent is a polyisocyanate, for example a diisocyanate such as toluylene diisocyanate (mixture 2,4 and 2,6) isomers, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, allowing thus form a crosslinked polyurethane network.
• a polyisocyanate such as toluylene diisocyanate (mixture 2,4 and 2,6) isomers, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate
• crosslinking agent is a diisocyanate
• polybutadiene has functional carboxyl terminations and the crosslinking agent is a polyepoxide or a polyaziridine, thus forming a network crosslinked respectively ester-alcohol or ester-amine.
• polyepoxides mention may be made of various epichlorohydrin and glycerol condensates, which are mixtures of di- and tri-epoxides comprising chlorinated residues, and as examples of polyaziridines, mention may be made of tris 1- (2-methyl) -aziridinyl phosphine oxide (MAPO) and phenyl bis 1- (2-methyl) -aziridinyl phosphine oxide (phenyl MAPO).
• MAPO 2-methyl-aziridinyl phosphine oxide
• phenyl MAPO phenyl bis 1- (2-methyl) -aziridinyl phosphine oxide
• crosslinker When the crosslinker is difunctional, uses a polybutadiene having a functionality in carboxyl functions greater than 2.
• the pasty composition thermosetting also includes an agent plasticizer.
• the pasty composition thermosetting pourable also includes an agent antioxidant.
• the pasty composition thermosetting also includes a catalyst crosslinking to reduce the time and / or the reaction temperature.
• These catalysts are generally salts organic transition metals such as iron acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, lead octoate, lead chromate and dilaurate of dibutyltin.
• the pasty composition thermosetting also includes an extender polyol chain, for example a diol such as trimethylhexanediol or a triol such as trimethylolpropane.
• an extender polyol chain for example a diol such as trimethylhexanediol or a triol such as trimethylolpropane.
• the pasty composition thermosetting can for example be obtained by pre-mixing, in a kneader, of polybutadiene liquid with metallic powder charge, possibly presence of chain extender polyol, plasticizer and antioxidant at a temperature for example between 30 ° C and 80 ° C, and possibly at reduced pressure.
• thermosetting pasty composition is then crosslinked by heating to a temperature by example between 60 ° C and 150 ° C, preferably between 90 ° C and 120 ° C.
• Examples 1 to 4 - Non-lethal firearm projectiles made of a soft and elastic composite material comprising powdered iron as a filler.
• This premix is stirred and homogenized by heating at 60 ° C for 4 h under reduced pressure about 10 mm Hg. After cooling to room temperature and return to pressure atmospheric, the crosslinking catalyst is added stirring the mixture for about 2 min at 25 ° C.
• crosslinking agent is then added and mixing at 40 ° C for about 10 min, under pressure reduced by approximately 10 mm Hg.
• thermosetting pasty composition then obtained is then poured into the 2 parts of a mold preheated bi-shell having the general shape of a 13 mm diameter sphere.
• the density of the composite material constituting these beads is 1.4, and its Shore A hardness, determined according to the standard ASTM D 2240, is 22.
• the density of the composite material constituting the beads obtained is 2.10 for Example 2, 2.23 for Example 3 and 2.42 for Example 4.
• the Shore A hardness is 15 for Example 2 and 23 for examples 3 and 4.
• the impact on plastiline is approximately 27 mm from diameter and 14 mm deep for example 2, about 23 mm in diameter and 11 mm deep for examples 3 and 4.
• Example 5 Non-lethal firearm projectiles made of a soft, elastic composite material comprising powdered barium sulfate as a filler.
• the density of the composite material constituting the beads obtained is 2.0 and its Shore A hardness is 17.
• the impact on plastiline is approximately 29 mm from diameter and 11 mm deep.
• Non-lethal firearm projectiles made of a soft and elastic composite material comprising a powdered alloy based on tungsten as filler.
• composition is then crosslinked by heating 4 h at 110 ° C (instead of 6 h for example 5).
• the projectiles obtained have a mass of approximately 2.10 g. They have a density of 1.90 and a hardness Shore A of 16.
• three monolithic ammunition for handgun type pistol consisting of a cylindrical rotary magazine in rigid and undeformable plastic material having a circular front face and a circular rear face.
• This store looks like a barrel on the outside and has six cylindrical chambers whose axes are parallel to its axis of rotation.
• Said chambers dig right through the monolithic piece and are arranged so that their circular sections are evenly spaced around of a circle.
• Each chamber has a first bore of 9.5 mm diameter in which the projectile is embedded aforementioned deformable with a diameter of 13 mm and a second 7 mm diameter bore into which the powder charge for propelling the projectile and a primer.
• the propellant powder consists of 0.05 g a simple basic nitrocellulose powder manufactured by SNPE and the primer is a primer central percussion for 12 mm caliber cartridge.
• the deformable projectile which in the absence of any constraint has a spherical form of diameter 13 mm, acquires a shape in the munition substantially cylindrical with two rounded ends.
• the projectiles of one of the 3 munitions were fired using a metal launcher device of which the interior dimensions of the chamber and the barrel match those of a pistol.
• the speed of the projectiles measured at 2.7 m from the barrel muzzle using light barriers, is 150 m / s.
• the second monolithic ammunition has been stored for 15 days, then we carried out an extraction projectile mechanics. These find immediately their initial spherical shape (diameter 13 mm).
• the projectiles according to the invention have a remarkable shape memory when subjected to mechanical stresses.
• the third monolithic ammunition has been inserted in a suitable handgun, then the projectiles were been shot at a distance of 3 m from pigs, targeting various parts of the body, including areas pleuro-pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic and abdominal. Only skin erosions with bruises light, usually limited to the outside of the plane have been observed. No serious injuries, including internal, has not been highlighted. No other lesions than those of anatomical interest superficial and subclinical in character has only been clinically detectable.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
• Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-12-10 FR FR9815603A patent/FR2787182B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-10-15 ES ES99402535T patent/ES2212497T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-10-15 DK DK99402535T patent/DK1008829T3/da active
  • 1999-10-15 AT AT99402535T patent/ATE257581T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-10-15 PT PT99402535T patent/PT1008829E/pt unknown
  • 1999-10-15 DE DE69914052T patent/DE69914052T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-10-15 EP EP99402535A patent/EP1008829B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-10-22 IL IL13253599A patent/IL132535A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-10-28 US US09/429,376 patent/US6295933B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-12-01 CA CA002290876A patent/CA2290876C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-12-08 UA UA99126687A patent/UA61108C2/uk unknown
  • 1999-12-08 NO NO19996031A patent/NO319302B1/no unknown
  • 1999-12-09 HU HU9904538A patent/HU224412B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-09 RU RU99125764/02A patent/RU2230285C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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