Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
  • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
  • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
  • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
  • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
  • F23G2204/203—Microwave

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of cremating human or animal bodies in a combustion chamber, method according to which the internal atmosphere of the chamber is brought to a very high temperature and then the body to be incinerated is introduced into its coffin, the temperature interior of the chamber being high enough to cause combustion of the coffin and the body and air is injected into the chamber to supply oxygen to the combustion. It also relates to a cremation oven comprising a combustion chamber, preferably a post-combustion chamber, means for bringing the interior atmosphere of the said chamber or chambers to very high temperature and air injection means.
• the temperature to which the atmosphere must be brought inside the combustion chamber is of the order of 800 ° C. This temperature is obtained by any suitable means, burner or heating resistance.
• To obtain the cremation of the body it is necessary to supply the combustion chamber with oxygen; this is done by injecting air throughout the cremation. This supply of outside air, which is cold, relative to the temperature of the chamber, requires the heating means to be kept in action.
• the gaseous emissions from a cremation furnace are subject to strict standards. This is why cremation ovens have a post-combustion chamber whose temperature is generally higher, of the order of 850 ° C. Standards impose a minimum retention time, that is to say a minimum period during which a certain gas volume must remain in the post-combustion chamber at the temperature in question. This retention time has been determined so as to avoid any harmful gaseous release into the atmosphere, in particular dioxin. The aim that the applicants have set themselves is to propose a cremation process which makes it possible to optimize consumption. energy consumption of the oven while respecting the quality of the gaseous emissions.
• the turbulence is created by a rotating means directed towards the interior of the chamber and provided with an air intake pipe, equipped with a shutter valve and the adjustment of the air injection is obtained by actuation of the valve.
• the air is sucked in from the tubing due to the vacuum created by the rotating means and moves inside the chamber at the same time as the turbulence created by said means.
• the method of the invention comprises on the one hand a step of preheating the combustion chamber during which the rotating means rotates at reduced speed, for example 25 Hz, and the air intake valve is closed and on the other hand, a proper cremation step during which the rotating means rotates at high speed, for example 40 Hz, and the valve is open.
• the lesser turbulence created during the preheating operation, without injecting air, makes it possible to homogenize the temperature inside the chamber.
• the opening of the valve is adjusted to maintain the oxygen level of the gases discharged from the oven at a minimum threshold, for example of the order of 6 or 7%. This rate corresponds to the standards in force.
• the cremation furnace also comprises an after-combustion chamber, by virtue of the process of the invention it was possible to obtain the regulatory conditions for gaseous discharges for a clearly retention time below the threshold imposed.
• the oven of the invention also comprises a rotating means which is embedded in a wall of the combustion chamber, above the location of the body, directed towards the interior of said chamber, being able to create a swirling movement of the atmosphere; this rotating means is fitted with an air intake manifold on which an adjustable shutter valve is placed.
• the interior volume of the combustion chamber is cylindrical, with a door disposed in one of the two circular transverse walls and the rotating means is placed in the transverse wall opposite the door.
• the inner cylindrical shape combines with the 'movement swirling to ensure complete mixing sought.
• the hot atmosphere which is in the chamber also circulates in the continuous interior recess of the hearth so that the latter remains constantly at the temperature of the chamber.
• the rotating means advantageously comprises flat and radial blades, mounted on a rotating shaft and arranged axially in a substantially cylindrical housing; in addition, a circular protective screen partially and centrally closes the circular face of the housing which faces the interior of the chamber; finally the means turning also includes a drive means of the variable speed shaft.
• the circular screen has a dual role. On the one hand, it provides thermal protection for the blades and, on the other hand, it generates the vortex movement from an annular zone.
• the cremation furnace comprises a main combustion chamber and a post-combustion chamber connected to the main chamber by a ferrule equipped with a chimney for evacuating gaseous discharges
• each chamber is provided with an aforementioned rotating assembly with speed variator
• an oxygen sensor is placed in the exhaust gas discharge chimney
• a thermal probe makes it possible to measure the temperature of the combustion chamber
• the cremation oven comprises a electronic control circuit, with clock, said circuit being connected to the oxygen sensor, to the thermal probe, to the speed variators of the two rotating means and to the shutter valves ' of the two air intake pipes, said circuit electronics being programmed so as to carry out the following steps: a) a preheating step which lasts as long as the temperature measured by l he thermal probe has not reached a determined threshold, of the order of 8OO ° C for the combustion chamber and 850 ° C for the post-combustion chamber and during which the speed controller of the first rotating means of the main chamber rotates at low speed, of the order of 25 Hz,
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in longitudinal section of the oven
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation in front view of the oven.
• the oven 1 of the invention is intended for the cremation of human or animal bodies 2, said bodies generally being placed beforehand in a coffin.
• This oven 1 comprises a main combustion chamber 3 and a post-combustion chamber 4, arranged above the main chamber 3 and connected to the latter by a ferrule 5. These two chambers have a generally cylindrical shape.
• the post-combustion chamber 4 is arranged above the main chamber 3, their axes of symmetry being in the same vertical plane.
• a door 6 makes it possible to open the main chamber 3 along the circular front wall 7.
• the door illustrated in Figure 2 is vertically opened by hydraulic cylinders 8. It can of course be any other type of door and opening system.
• Each of the two chambers 3, 4 is equipped with heating systems, not shown, for example burners or heating resistors, making it possible to bring the interior temperature of the main chamber to approximately 8OO ° C. and that of the post-combustion chamber to approximately 850 ° C.
• the temperature of 800 ° C. is such that it causes the combustion of the coffin, then of the body, subject to supplying the interior atmosphere of the main chamber 3 in oxygen, this supply taking place conventionally by air injection.
• the temperature of 850 ° C. in the post-combustion chamber 4 makes it possible to obtain the cracking of the gases coming from the combustion, the volume of the after-combustion chamber 4 and the flow rate of these gases being such that the gaseous discharges leaving through the chimney 9 of the post-combustion chamber 4 meet regulatory standards, no longer containing discharges considered harmful to the environment.
• the cremation furnace 1 is equipped with at least one means making it possible to obtain, in the main chamber 3, a vortex movement over the body 2 from one of the walls 10 of said chamber 3.
• blades 1 1 which are planar and arranged radially with respect to a rotating shaft 1 2, being driven by a motor 13 with variable speed drive 1 9. These blades are placed in a housing, formed in the wall 10, opposite the door 6. This slot 1 5, D1 circular diameter section is partially 'closed by a screen 14, itself circular section diameter D2, less than D1, in the delimiting wall 10 a space annular opening into the interior volume of the chamber 3.
• the blades 1 1 have a diameter which is substantially equal to D1, so that they are protected by the screen 14.
• the post-combustion chamber 4 is equipped with the same means making it possible to obtain a vortex movement from the inlet of the shell 5 to the evacuation chimney 9.
• this means is represented with the same references repeated with index a.
• Temperature sensors make it possible to measure the temperature both in the combustion chamber 3 and in the combustion chamber 4.
• An oxygen sensor 20 makes it possible to measure the oxygen rate of the gaseous discharges exiting through the exhaust chimney 9.
• the operation of the cremation furnace 1 is controlled by an electronic control circuit with clock, which is connected to the thermal probes, to the oxygen sensor 20, to the speed variators 1 9, 19 a and to the shutter valves 18 , 1 8 has two air intake pipes 1 7, 1 7 a .
• the control of the furnace 1 by virtue of the electronic control circuit is carried out according to the following steps.
• a first stage of preheating, the temperature of chambers 3 and 4 is brought, by the traditional means not shown, to approximately 800 ° C in the combustion chamber 3 and 850 ° C in the post-combustion chamber 4
• the speed variator 19 of the motor 13 is adjusted so that the blades 1 1 rotate at low speed, of the order of 25 Hz, the valve 1 8 disposed on the intake manifold 1 7 air being blocked.
• a small vortex movement intended mainly to obtain a better distribution of the heat inside the combustion chamber 3, without air injection.
• no vortex displacement is generated in the post-combustion chamber 4.
• the second cremation stage begins.
• the electronic circuit triggers by the speed controller 19, an increase in the rotation of the blades 1 1 to a higher speed, of the order of 40Hz.
• the same electronic circuit triggers the starting, by the speed controller 19 a , of the blades 11 a at reduced speed of the order of 25 Hz, causing a vortex movement inside the post-combustion chamber. 4.
• the electronic circuit controls the opening of the valves 18 and 18a and thus injecting air into the chambers 3, 4 ensure that the oxygen content measured by the sensor 20 remains below a predetermined threshold, of the order of 7%.
• the electronic circuit controls the gradual stopping of the blades 1 1 and 1 1 a and the closing of the valves 18 and 18 a .
• the body 2 usually rests on a sole 21, which is made of a refractory material and which lines the lower interior part of the combustion chamber 3.
• this sole 21 is hollowed out so that the swirling displacement created in the combustion chamber can also move in this recess.
• the sole 21 consists of unit elements 22 having in cross section an inverted U shape. These elements 22 are attached to each other with their recesses, formed by the inner part of the U which are adjoining and which open into the lateral faces 23 of the sole.
• the swirling movement passes between the inner, cylindrical wall of the combustion chamber 3 and the upper face of the hearth 21 which supports the body 2.
• This particular arrangement has the advantage of keeping the hearth at room temperature of the chamber combustion 3, thanks to the circulation inside the recess. It is understood that the cylindrical shape of the combustion chamber 3 and of the post-combustion chamber 4 contribute to making the mixture of gases located inside said chambers even more homogeneous due to the vortex movement, this configuration not having no blind spot.
• the screen 14, 14 a which is located opposite the blades 1 1, 1 1 a has a shape of generally circular section of diameter D2.
• this screen can be in the form of a cone as illustrated in FIG. 1, this shape contributes on the one hand to the formation of the vortex movement at the outlet of the space 16 and on the other hand contributes to better thermal protection of the blades 1 1, 1 1 a by better diffusion by reverberation of the heat coming from the chambers 3, 4.
• the post-combustion chamber is not necessarily arranged above the combustion chamber, but can be located next to and parallel to it.
• Figure 2 the closing of the door 6 using two jacks 24 adapted to move said door 6 vertically, slidingly in front of the entrance to the room; any other type of closure is of course possible.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9504816

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (24)

• 1997
  • 1997-03-10 FR FR9703143A patent/FR2760514B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1998
  • 1998-03-10 US US09/380,853 patent/US6474251B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-03-10 WO PCT/FR1998/000469 patent/WO1998040671A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-03-10 EP EP98913867A patent/EP1007883A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-03-10 AU AU68408/98A patent/AU6840898A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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