Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models

Definitions

• Device controller-compensator of a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning a cockpit "automotive vehicle including
• the invention relates to a regulator-compensator device, in particular for modifying the temperature and / or the flow rate of ventilated air in a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, this device forming part of a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning installation of the cockpit.
• Such devices usually include sensors for selected aerothermal quantities and a calculation module generally equipped with a memory area.
• This module includes inputs connected to the sensors, and outputs connected to actuators for adjusting the temperature and the flow rate of ventilated air in the passenger compartment.
• the module cooperates on the one hand with the sensors to detect a variation of at least one of the aerothermal quantities, such as the temperature and / or the flow of ventilated air in the passenger compartment, and on the other hand, with the actuators to deliver a servo setpoint representative of this variation.
• the physical quantities necessary for the implementation of this a Vogellic model are generally temperatures and in particular it is important to have the average internal temperature in the passenger compartment.
• This average internal temperature of the passenger compartment can be evaluated using a thermal model which will be described below or using one or more temperature sensors in the passenger compartment.
• the thermal model is generally based on the measurements made by sensors of outside temperature, vehicle speed, solar flux, ... and makes it possible to assess the average temperature of the passenger compartment.
• the present invention improves the comfort situation of passengers.
• a device provided with a calculation module capable of evaluating on the basis of a chosen aeraulic model, associated with the passenger compartment considered, and in combination with the aforementioned thermal model or with an interior temperature sensor, a variation in temperature and / or in ventilated air flow in a predetermined region of the passenger compartment.
• the calculation module comprises inputs connected to the measurement means, and outputs connected to actuators for adjusting the temperature and the speed of the ventilated air in the passenger compartment. It is able to cooperate with the measurement means to evaluate, on the basis of a chosen thermal model, associated with the vehicle, or by means of one or more temperature sensors, an average temperature in the passenger compartment.
• the measurement means are further arranged to deliver measurements representative of a temperature and of a speed of ventilated air in at least one air vent in the passenger compartment.
• the calculation module is then arranged to evaluate, on the basis of a chosen aeraulic model, associated with said mouth, a temperature and a speed of ventilated air in at least one predetermined region of the passenger compartment, according to a distance between this region and the air vent.
• the calculation module is then capable of delivering a servo setpoint for the adjustment actuators as a function of a variation in temperature and / or in speed of ventilated air in said predetermined region.
• the measurement means comprise a sensor for the temperature of the air ventilated in the air vent.
• the passenger compartment comprises a plurality of air vents.
• the module is then arranged to evaluate a temperature and a speed of ventilated air in a plurality of predetermined regions of the passenger compartment, as a function of distances separating each region from each air vent.
• the measuring means comprise approximately a sensor for the temperature of the air ventilated by a ventilation opening.
• one of the outputs of the calculation module is connected to an actuator for adjusting the distribution of ventilated air between said air vents.
• one of the outputs of the calculation module is connected to an actuator for adjusting the speed of an engine of a motor-fan unit capable of producing an air flow of variable flow according to the engine speed, while the measuring means are arranged to measure a physical quantity representative of said flow.
• the calculation module further comprises an input connected to input means housed in the passenger compartment, available to a passenger. The module is then arranged to deliver at output a setpoint representative of aerothermal quantities entered, required in a predetermined region of the passenger compartment.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a ventilation, heating and air conditioning installation of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, the various elements of which are controlled by a regulator-compensator device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a ventilation opening of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, in the example described.
• FIG. 3 shows, in the context of the use of the thermal model, a flowchart of interaction between sensors of selected aerothermal quantities, the calculation module of a device according to the invention, an input device available to 'a passenger, and control interfaces for elements of the installation;
• FIG. 1 a ventilation, heating and air conditioning installation of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle.
• This installation comprises a blower fitted with a motor 1 for rotating a turbine 2 while producing a flow of ventilated air F (arrow F). Downstream, the installation comprises a mixing flap 3 for distributing this flow between a branch of hot air 5a and a branch of cold air 5b.
• the hot air branch 5a houses a heating radiator 4 to increase the temperature of the air circulating in this branch.
• the hot air 5a and cold air 5b branches communicate at the outlet with a mixing chamber 9 leading to the respective inlets of three cabin ventilation ducts, in the example described, a central ventilation duct 8a, a ventilation duct "feet" of a lower part of the passenger compartment 8b, and a "defrost” duct for the ventilation of at least one window of the vehicle, in particular of the windshield.
• a central ventilation duct 8a At the inlet of each of the ventilation ducts is housed an air distribution flap, the respective positions of each of these flaps defining a distribution of the ventilated air flow in the passenger compartment.
• at least one additional duct comprising a cold source (evaporator) controlled by an electronic adjustment interface.
• the device according to the invention then has five outputs for communicating with an actuator for adjusting the motor of the blower, an actuator for adjusting the mixing flap 3, and respective actuators for adjusting the distribution flaps 7a. , 7b and 7c.
• these outputs communicate with electronic interfaces (not shown) to electromechanically control these various elements of the installation.
• the blower motor 1 is of variable speed, which makes it possible to modify the flow of ventilated air in the passenger compartment.
• the angular position of the mixing flap 3 can be controlled by a motor (not shown) connected to an electronic adjustment interface. A variation of its angular position induces a modification of the temperature of air circulating in the mixing chamber 9, and from there, of the temperature of the air ventilated in the passenger compartment.
• the distribution flaps 7a, 7b and 7c can be controlled in rotation by independent motors comprising electronic adjustment interfaces connected to the regulator-compensator device.
• the regulator-compensator device comprises a plurality of sensors Cl, C2, C3, C5a, C5b and C5c, connected to respective inputs of a calculation module 11.
• the sensor Cl gives a measurement of the outside temperature T e t of the vehicle
• the sensor C2 gives a measurement of the vehicle speed.
• the sensor C3 gives, in the example described, a measurement of a solar flux ⁇ soieii. representative of a degree of sunshine of the vehicle and capable of raising the temperature of the passenger compartment, as well as an orientation and / or an inclination of the sun relative to the vehicle.
• the average interior temperature T ⁇ nt in the passenger compartment can also be directly determined by the use of an interior air sensor housed in the passenger compartment.
• the calculation module 11 includes outputs connected to the actuating actuators of the motor 1, of the mixing flap 3, and of the distribution flaps 7a, 7b and 7c.
• the regulating device comprises a temperature sensor C5 placed in the immediate vicinity or in the ventilation opening 12. This opening 12 communicates with an ventilation duct 8 of the installation.
• the calculation module 11 has an input connected to the sensor C5 and an input (not shown) also connected to the motor 1 for acquiring information, which, combined with the measurement of the vehicle speed measured by the sensor C2 is representative of the ventilation by the mouth blown as air flow 12. This information peuc for example be a voltage measurement at the terminals motor 1.
• the device preferably includes a temperature sensor in each air vent in the passenger compartment.
• the air flow ⁇ 0 at the outlet of the air outlet 12 undergoes a divergence of angle which is a function of the geometry of the air outlet 12 and the characteristics of the outlet jet.
• Vjet (x) Qas / ( ⁇ - ⁇ o- ⁇ (x))
• the quantities T as and Q as represent respectively the temperature of air blown by the air vent 12, which the sensor measures in temperature C5, and the flow of blown air, deduced for example from the voltage at the terminals of the motor 1 and vehicle speed.
• the quantity T ln t (also noted T m0 y) represents an estimate of the average interior temperature of the passenger compartment and can be calculated from the thermal model below or obtained directly using one or more interior temperature sensors.
• the interior temperature of the passenger compartment is directly evaluated by means of a sensor.
• a thermal model which describes temperature variations of the various elements of the passenger compartment (windows, interior air, exterior air, solar heat flux, passenger metabolism, etc.).
• Cp corresponds to the mass heat capacity of the element
• Mi corresponds to its mass
• Ti corresponds to the temperature of the element (assumed to be homogeneous)
• ⁇ th corresponds to the sum of the heat fluxes received by this element, by convection , by conduction, by radiation, by the effect of the start-up of one of the elements of the installation (heating, ventilation, possibly air conditioning, ...) and by the passengers in the passenger compartment, by their metabolism activity.
• ⁇ A / C represents the heat flow provided by the installation. This flow is written:
• h is the convection coefficient (if the air speed
• the convection between the outside air and the windows is calculated by taking into account the outside air temperature as well as the vehicle speed.
• the device according to the invention requires only an outside temperature sensor, a vehicle speed sensor to give information on a convection flow of the windows and the bodywork with outside, and a plurality of temperature sensors in each air vent in the passenger compartment.
• the distributor device also includes a solar flux sensor to take into account the degree of sunshine of the vehicle.
• a solar flux sensor is provided on a left part of the passenger compartment, and another flux sensor solar on a right part.
• the thermal model specifies the convective exchanges between the different elements considered. It thus provides access to an average interior temperature in the passenger compartment.
• the ventilation model makes it possible to determine the dilution effect of a jet of air blown into the vehicle.
• module 11 thus results from the combination, according to the invention, of the aeraulic and thermal models described above.
• the aunterlic model is applied for the calculation of the temperature and the air speed in several regions of the passenger compartment: a "feet" region (lower part of the passenger compartment), a central region (ventilation median) and a "windshield" region
• the device makes it possible to regulate the temperature and the speed in the zone
• This temperature is defined from:
• FIG. 3 We now refer to FIG. 3 to describe a control of the mixing, the pulser and the distribution.
• the calculation module 11 of the device evaluates a blown air speed Vas (calculation of the actual blown air speeds Vas) from the vehicle speed measured by the sensor C2.
• the calculation of Vas takes into account, in the example described, the air distribution in the passenger compartment, the speed of the blower (voltage at the terminals of the motor 1), and any recirculation of air in the passenger compartment , if the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is able to perform such a function.
• the calculation module evaluates an average interior air temperature in the passenger compartment, on the basis of the aforementioned thermal model, and on the basis of the vehicle speed, of the estimated speed of supply air Vas, of the temperature measured by the sensor Cl, of the supply air flow Qas (evaluated in particular from the voltage at the terminals of the motor 1), and of the supply air temperature Tas that the sensors C5a, C5b and C5c measure.
• these sensors C5a, C5b and C5c can advantageously be omitted.
• a calculation module 11 can be provided capable of evaluating a supply air temperature in particular from the outside air temperature and the position of the mixing flap in the example described.
• solar flux measurements ( ⁇ so i e ii) representative of a degree of sunshine of the vehicle are also taken into account in the chosen thermal model.
• the duct 8a is a central ventilation duct, and the air which this duct ventilates reaches substantially the face of the conductor.
• the sensor C5a measures the temperature of the air blown Tas by the central ventilation mouth which communicates with the duct 8a. From the average temperature Tmoy, the estimated supply air velocities Vas and the measurement of the supply air temperature Tas, the module calculates the actual speeds and temperatures of supply air near the head of the conductor Vt and Tt, respectively.
• the calculation module further comprises an input connected to input means housed in the passenger compartment and available to a passenger.
• the calculation module 11 then comprises a memory for storing aerothermal quantities entered by a passenger, in particular the values of temperature and air speed desired near, in the example described, the head of the driver, Te and Vc , respectively.
• This memory can also store values of the outside air temperature, ventilated air speeds, average indoor air temperature, etc.
• the calculation module From the aerothermal quantities entered ("user instructions") required in a predetermined region of the passenger compartment, close to the driver's head in the example described, the calculation module performs a physiological correction as a function of the measurement of the outside air temperature Text, and calculates the instructions of Te and Vc, mentioned above.
• the module Based on the calculation of the actual head temperature Tt and the desired head temperature Te, the module establishes a setpoint for regulating the actual head temperature Tt, denoted Trég in FIG. 3.
• This Trég regulation instruction immediately makes it possible to effect regulation-compensation of the air distribution in the passenger compartment, and from there deliver a servo instruction for the actuators for adjusting the distribution flaps 7a, 7b and 7c.
• the calculation module From the measurements of the blown air temperatures Tas, and the temperature regulation setpoint Trég, the calculation module performs a regulation-compensation of the blown air temperature Tas at the outlet of the central air outlet and / or air vents "feet” and “defrost", to finally deliver a setpoint control of the mixing flap ("mixing instructions").
• the calculation module controls the actual supply air speed Vt, and from there, delivers a servo setpoint for the engine speed control actuator 1 ("pulser setpoints").
• the calculation module includes a memory area for storing the measurements of C1, ..., C5, this memory area can be reset after a stop extended vehicle.
• the Tmoy interior temperature sensor does not require its own ventilation to measure an average interior temperature.
• the temperature of the windows and the bodywork is initialized using the Tmoy and outside temperature Text measurements. In the ventilation model chosen, it is assumed that the initial temperature of the windows is substantially the average between the outside temperature and the inside temperature.
• this Tmoy sensor can also be used to correct the calculation of the indoor air temperature, which thus avoids possible drift of the model.
• the device continues to operate for a selected period of time (thirty minutes for example), and this, after the vehicle has stopped, without however issuing an effective instruction to the adjustment actuators of the blower, of the mixing flap, etc.
• the calculation module therefore evaluates the air temperature in the vicinity of the conductor's head from measurements which the sensors C1, ..., C5 still deliver. When the vehicle is restarted, the device then uses the values thus calculated.
• the interior temperature sensor can advantageously be replaced by one of the sensors for the blown air temperature C5a, C5b, C5c, to simplify the structure of the measurement means. It is then assumed, on initialization, that the measurements given by C5 are substantially equivalent to those given by an interior temperature sensor in the passenger compartment.
• an internal clock makes it possible to measure a duration of stop of the vehicle.
• the temperature of the interior air, of the structure and of the panes is measured taking into account their thermal inertia (response time).
• a thermal model makes it possible to predict their temperature as a function of the outside temperature and the sunshine.
• the regulation device can calculate several temperatures in distinct regions of the passenger compartment.
• the regions chosen may correspond to the locations provided for the feet and faces of the front passengers, and, where appropriate, for the windows of the vehicle.
• the ventilation, heating and air conditioning installation comprises, in the example described, a mixing flap, a variation of the angular position of which induces a modification of the temperature in the passenger compartment.
• a water heating radiator can be provided for this purpose, which then includes an electronic valve connected to an output of the calculation module, which controls it.
• the regulator-compensator device can moreover ensure the regulation control of an air recirculation in the passenger compartment, if the aforementioned installation allows it.
• the module 11 has an output connected to an actuator for adjusting the position of a shutter arranged to close or open an outside or recirculated air duct.
• the module 11 has three outputs each connected to an actuator for adjusting the position of a distribution flap 7a, 7b or 7c.
• the positions of these three components can be managed by a single command, for example by means of a common cam connected to an adjustment actuator connected to an output of the module.
• An ambient air humidity sensor can be placed in the passenger compartment.
• the instructions issued for the temperature and the flow rate of the ventilated air take into account the measurement of the humidity level to improve passenger comfort.
• the vehicle windows are of variable tint or self-darkening
• provision may be made to correct the thermal model described above in order to more precisely estimate the effect of the sunshine on the vehicle.
• provision may be made to take into account a variation in temperature in the passenger compartment, linked to the opening or closing of a window, a door or even a sunroof of the vehicle, by equipping these opening sensor elements.
• the number of sensors provided is likely to change according to the different forms of possible realization of the invention.
• the solar flux sensor C3 can be omitted in a less elaborate variant of the device.
• the effect of vehicle speed can also be neglected, which makes it possible to overcome the sensor C2.
• only the outside temperature sensor C1 is necessary.
• the invention also aims to allow not only the processing of absolute measurements, but, more generally, that of variation measurements, obtained from the measurements of the sensors C5a, C5b and C5c.
• it is possible to estimate a variation in temperature and in flow rate in a chosen region of the passenger compartment, and from there, to compensate for this variation by issuing an adequate instruction of the calculation module.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-05-29 FR FR9806831A patent/FR2779097B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-05-28 EP EP99920939A patent/EP0999946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-05-28 WO PCT/FR1999/001258 patent/WO1999062729A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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