Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
  • G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
  • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
  • G05B19/42—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine
  • G05B19/4202—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model
  • G05B19/4207—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model in which a model is traced or scanned and corresponding data recorded
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
  • G09B25/06—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for surveying; for geography, e.g. relief models
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
  • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
  • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
  • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
  • G05B2219/49007—Making, forming 3-D object, model, surface

Definitions

• a method and a device for producing three-dimensional physical reproductions are provided.
• Scale model making is a technique which is used for producing three-dimensional physical reproductions of built-on areas and undeveloped areas, in general topographic and geographic structures. Buildings are reproduced to scale as accurately as possible, for example by mechanically working a starting material, such as wood, on the basis of construction drawings and/or photos. A building may thereby consist of a number of separately reproduced parts, whilst the scale model as a whole is made by assembling the separately made buildings, roads, street furniture, trees, landscapes and the like. It will be appreciated that the production of scale models requires a high degree of expertise, and is generally a time-consuming job.
• the invention is based on the insight that the current remote sensing techniques, with which height resolutions in the order of 15 cm can be obtained, are capable of providing a scan data collection which can be adapted for controlling a machining device, by means of which three-dimensional physical reproductions can be made.
• the method according to the invention opens the way for the production (in serial production, if necessary) of replicas of famous skylines, for example Hong Kong, New York, of well-known coastlines, for example Dover, Copacabana, adventurous mountains, such as the Eiger, the Matterhorn, mount Fujiyama, the Mont Blanc, elitist beaches, such as St.
• the method according to the invention is also excellently suited for producing physical reproductions of topographic and/or geographic structures, such as built-on areas and undeveloped areas, river areas, coastal areas and dune areas, water-collection areas, landscapes for use by public bodies and semi-public bodies, landscape administrators, architects, town and country planners, city developers and property developers, etc.
• the physical reproductions may be used advantageously for planning and providing information on urban renewal , urban expansion, landscaping plans, etc., but also for signposting and cadastral applications.
• Remote sensing techniques which are suitable for the present invention are known by names such as "3D-aerial laser scanning”, “3D-aerial radar scanning”, “3D-satellite scanning” or “airborne scanning”, whereby a scan data collection in the form of a "cloud” or collection of digital points is provided.
• the points in the cloud comprise three- dimensional information.
• the points of a cloud represent a position in the horizontal plane plus the associated height of the respective position relative to the surface of the earth. All points together represent the portion of the earth ' s surface that has been scanned and any buildings and other (natural) objects that are present thereon.
• it is also possible to use other suitable remote sensing techniques provided that three- dimensional information of the scanned object and/or area is obtained.
• the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing machined three-dimensional reproductions by subjecting scan data of the scan data collection obtained to processing operations, such as filtering, scaling and/or the addition of data.
• the processed data can then be used for producing three-dimensional physical reproductions, whereby uneven scaling makes is possible to provide a deliberate misrepresentation, wherein existing objects have been removed or substituted for others, etc.
• physical reproductions which have been produced in this way are particularly suitable for professional purposes, such as urban renewal , urban expansion, landscape renovation, landscape expansion and the like. It is also possible, however, to provide replicas for touristic and commercial purposes wherein specific buildings or landscape elements are shown in a more pronounced manner or wherein buildings or landscape elements are deliberately misrepresented.
• control data for controlling the machining devices may be subjected to data processing operations such as filtering, scaling and/or the addition of data.
• the physical reproduction can be provided both as a positive reproduction and as a negative reproduction, analogously to photography, whereby a negative physical reproduction may be used in particular as a mould for producing mouldings.
• the physical reproduction in question may be made of essentially any suitable material or a combination of materials, such as plastic, wood, ceramics, glass, stone and metal , including brass, stainless steel, copper, bronze, aluminium, whether or not in various colours.
• the invention furthermore relates to a device for producing three-dimensional physical reproductions, which device comprises processor means and mechanical machining means controlled by the processor means, comprising processing means for processing scan data obtained by remote sensing into control data for the processor means for the purpose of producing a three-dimensional physical reproduction of a scanned area or object being represented by the scan data.
• Figure 1 schematically shows a remote sensing technique which is suitable for the purpose of the invention
• Figure 2 is a flow diagram showing the steps according to the invention
• Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the main components of a machining device according to the invention.
• Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a topographic miniature obtained using the method according to the invention.
• Figure 1 schematically shows the principle of remote sensing, in particular "3D-aerial laser scanning", whereby an area 1 is scanned from the air by an aeroplane 2.
• the aeroplane 2 flies above the area 1 in the direction of arrow 3.
• the area 1 is scanned point by point, as indicated by dots 5, by means of a laser beam 4.
• the laser beam 4 thereby moves crosswise, in direction B, whilst the aeroplane moves in longitudinal direction L of the area 1.
• a laser scanner (not shown) mounted in the aeroplane
• the time difference is a measure for the relative height of the objects in the area 1.
• GPS Global Positioning System
• the position information as well as the height information of the dots 5 forms a scan data collection which comprises a three-dimensional representation of the scanned area 1.
• a height accuracy of 10 - 15 cm can be achieved, whereby the aeroplane 2 flies at an altitude of about 900 m above the area 1.
• the scanned data are delivered in the form of a "cloud” or collection of digital points, whereby an area having a length L and a width B of 1 by 1 km can be represented by 40,000 scanned spots or even more, which corresponds with one measurement per 20 - 25 .
• FIG. 2 is a flow diagram, which illustrates the successive steps of the method according to the invention.
• Block 10 represents the step of scanning an intended area or an intended object in an area, and the provision of a scan data collection comprising a three-dimensional representation of the scanned area or object, for example in the form of a cloud of digital points as described with reference to Figure 1.
• the obtained scan data as a whole or in part may be processed into control data as indicated in block 11, for controlling a processor-controlled machining device for the purpose of producing a three- dimensional physical shape or model.
• the processed scan data and/or control data can be selectively subjected to one or more data processing operations, such as filtering, (partial) scaling and/or the addition of data, as illustrated in block 12.
• data processing operations such as filtering, (partial) scaling and/or the addition of data, as illustrated in block 12.
• the obtained control data or the processed control data are then fed to a machining device, as illustrated in block 13, for the purpose of producing three-dimensional physical reproductions.
• Machining devices which are suitable for this purpose are known in practice, for example a machining device of the type Benchman (TM), VMC 5000 Machining Centers, or a machining device of the type hyperMILL (TM) .
• TM machining device of the type Benchman
• TM machining device of the type hyperMILL
• TM machining device of the type hyperMILL
• TM machining device of the type hyperMILL
• TM machining device of the type hyperMILL
• TM hyperMILL
• Suitable software for the processing of scan data into control data is likewise known in practice, for example under the name of hyperDIGIT (TM) .
• Suitable analog and/or digital processing techniques for data processing operations such as filtering, scaling and the removal and/or substitution of data are known in practice and need not be explained to those skilled in the art.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a device for producing three-dimensional physical reproductions in accordance with the present invention.
• the device 15 comprises a processor 16, such as a microprocessor, and memory means coupled thereto, such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) programme memory and a RAM (Random Access Memory) working memory 18.
• the microprocessor 16 controls process tooling means 19, which may have the form of mechanical machining means, such as milling cutters, saws, drills and the like, or means for applying material or causing material to grow on a starting material for the purpose of producing the three-dimensional physical reproduction, for example a stereo lithography machine.
• means 20 are added for processing the scan data collection obtained by remote sensing, which scan data collection is fed to means 20 via an interface I 21.
• the means 20 are added for processing the scan data collection obtained by remote sensing, which scan data collection is fed to means 20 via an interface I 21.
• - 5 20 for processing the scan data may comprise a processor, such as a microprocessor.
• the processing means 20 are integrated in the processor means 16 in the form of suitable software which is stored in the programme memory 17.
• FIG. 10 Those skilled in the art will appreciate that Figure 3 only shows those components that are essential for a correct understanding of the invention.
• the device 15 may comprise further components, such as monitoring means and further control means (not shown).
• Figure 4 is a side view of a three-dimensional physical
• 15 reproduction provided in accordance with the invention which may be made in one piece of a starting material such as plastic, wood, ceramics, glass, stone and metal , including brass, stainless steel, copper, bronze, aluminium or any other suitable material.
• a starting material such as plastic, wood, ceramics, glass, stone and metal , including brass, stainless steel, copper, bronze, aluminium or any other suitable material.
• Figure 4 shows a so-called “positive” reproduction, wherein the area and/or the objects 4 are depicted in conformity with the real situation. It is also possible, however, to produce a "negative"
• the method according to the invention may be used for a wide variety of applications, both for professional purposes such as town and country planning, property
• a physical reproduction thus produced in accordance with the invention can be selectively subjected to further processing operations, such as painting, etching, immersion in a paint bath and the like.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Educational Administration (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=19765275

Family Applications (1)

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• 1997
  • 1997-07-04 NL NL1006476A patent/NL1006476C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1998
  • 1998-06-23 AU AU81333/98A patent/AU8133398A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-06-23 EP EP98931133A patent/EP0996946A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-06-23 WO PCT/NL1998/000361 patent/WO1999001854A1/nl not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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