EP0995100A1 - Procede pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gaz - Google Patents
Procede pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP0995100A1 EP0995100A1 EP98935091A EP98935091A EP0995100A1 EP 0995100 A1 EP0995100 A1 EP 0995100A1 EP 98935091 A EP98935091 A EP 98935091A EP 98935091 A EP98935091 A EP 98935091A EP 0995100 A1 EP0995100 A1 EP 0995100A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- pressure
- density
- enclosure
- studied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/26—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences
- G01N9/266—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences for determining gas density
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/32—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by using flow properties of fluids, e.g. flow through tubes or apertures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and associated device for determining the normal density (or density) of a gas.
- normal atmospheric pressure the pressure that prevails at sea level, that is 1013.25 millibars.
- density will be used to define the density of the gas studied reduced to normal conditions of temperature and pressure (otherwise called normal density), that is to say to the normal atmospheric pressure already mentioned. and at a temperature of 273.15 ° K.
- Measuring the density (or density) of a gas is currently useful, either to locally know the variation in the composition of the gas delivered, or to improve the calculation of the flow rate passing through metering equipment of the counter type. gas, in particular for domestic or industrial distribution.
- a device of this type commonly called a "Schilling densimeter” comprising a tank filled with water in which a test tube is immersed, open at its lower part and provided, at its upper part, with a gas supply inlet and a drain outlet fitted with a calibrated orifice.
- the test tube is filled with the gas to be studied which is then above the water.
- the gas being in contact with water since it is injected into or above it (but it must be above it once fully injected) before purging the test tube, it is saturated with water, which, on the one hand can slightly modify its mass density, and on the other hand requires a dehydration step before it can be used.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solution to at least some of the drawbacks mentioned above and in particular proposes a method and an associated device which can be implemented under commercially attractive conditions, without exorbitant manufacturing and / or maintenance costs. , while also offering flexibility of use, performance (especially precision and reproducibility) and reliability adapted to current needs. Finally, another object of the invention is to eliminate the influence of the compressibility factor of the desired gas.
- the invention therefore relates to a method for determining the density of a gas comprising the following steps: a) filling and putting at an initial pressure higher than normal atmospheric pressure, using pressurized supply means , a closed enclosure of determined volume capable of withstanding the pressure without significant deformation, with a gas whose density we want to determine or verify, until said gas occupies the entire volume of the enclosure and is maintained substantially at said initial pressure, b) at least a portion of said gas is allowed to escape through the purge means communicating with the enclosure and provided with a sonic nozzle, and the time is measured using time taken by the gas to pass, inside the enclosure, from a first pressure less than or equal to the initial pressure to a second pressure less than this first pressure but greater than or equal to normal atmospheric pressure, said pressures being measured using pressure measuring means, c) the density of said gas studied is calculated by calculation by means of a general formula taught by theory stored in the memory of a computer and involving said time measured, the temperature of the gas measured using temperature measuring means, and a constant stored in the
- the precision on the determination of the density of the gas studied will be better because the constant k will be more precise.
- the first pressure is preferably lower or equal to 4 bars, preferably substantially equal to '3 bars, and the second pressure is preferably between about 1.2 bar and 3 bar, and preferably substantially equal to 2 bars.
- the enclosure can preferably be heated before the gas escapes from it and / or for at least part of the time during which it escapes, at a temperature of between approximately 40 and 80 ° C, and preferably between about 50 and 70 ° C, and this using heating means.
- a temperature of between approximately 40 and 80 ° C, and preferably between about 50 and 70 ° C, and this using heating means can be heated before the gas escapes from it and / or for at least part of the time during which it escapes, at a temperature of between approximately 40 and 80 ° C, and preferably between about 50 and 70 ° C, and this using heating means.
- the invention also relates to a device implementing the method described for determining the density of a gas comprising:
- pressure supply means for filling said enclosure with the gas studied at an initial pressure greater than normal atmospheric pressure, and for maintaining it substantially at this initial pressure before it escapes from it,
- - purge means communicating with the enclosure and provided with a sonic nozzle to let escape from the enclosure at least a portion of said gas through said nozzle, - timing means for measuring the time taken by the gas to exit the enclosure by passing through the nozzle passing, inside the enclosure, from a first pressure less than or equal to the initial pressure to a second pressure less than the first pressure and greater than or equal to the normal atmospheric pressure, means for measuring pressure and temperature prevailing inside the enclosure,
- a memory computer to determine by calculation the density of the gas using a general formula taught by the theory stored in its memory and involving said time measured by the timing means, the temperature of the studied gas measured at using the temperature measurement means, and a constant k stored in the computer memory and established by calibrating said computer, using a reference gas whose density is known.
- the device will preferably further comprise means for heating the enclosure before the gas escapes from it and / or for at least part of the time during which it escapes, to a temperature between approximately 40 and 80 ° C., and preferably between approximately 50 and 70 ° C.
- This solution also makes it possible to reduce the uncertainties on the calculation of the density of the gas, and therefore to optimize the operation of the device.
- this solution does not require the use of very powerful heating means given the temperature to be obtained, which must not be too high to avoid any risk of combustion of the gas and explosion.
- FIG. 1 is a detail view of a sonic nozzle used in the device of Figure 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 10 comprising first of all a closed enclosure 12 of determined volume capable of withstanding the pressure without significant deformation (that is to say without inflating under said pressure, or deflating under a vacuum), this pressure can go up to several bars (preferably at least 10 bars, or even more if it is fitted with a safety valve).
- This enclosure 12 which can for example be made of steel or aluminum, is surrounded by heating means 56, such an electrical resistance, a spiral hot water circuit, a water bath or any other equivalent means supplied by any type of source (electric, gas, sun, etc.), said heating means 56 being preferably isolated from the exterior, for example by rock wool (not shown).
- This enclosure 12 is connected to means 20 for supplying pressurized gas comprising for example a bottle 22 of pressurized gas, a pipe 24 and a supply valve 26, although it is possible to directly connect the enclosure 12 to the natural gas network, which then acts as a supply means 20 (in this case the valve 26 is excluded from said means).
- the enclosure 12 is also connected to means 30 for purging the latter comprising for example a pipe 32 and a drain valve 34. Between the pipe 32 and the enclosure 12 there is a sonic nozzle 40 of known type and generally used to calculate the flow rate of a gas and to serve as a flow reference. Without going into details, and as can be seen in FIG.
- this nozzle takes the form of a convergent 42 in the shape of a pavilion (so-called "toric" shape) followed by a neck 45 then a divergent 48 with conical section.
- Its shape, and in particular the section of its neck is defined by the pressure conditions upstream (AM) and downstream (AV) thereof.
- AM upstream
- AV downstream
- the ratio between the downstream pressure (the pressure leaving the sonic nozzle, therefore in the drain pipe) and the upstream pressure (here the pressure in the enclosure) should preferably be less than or equal to 0.80.
- the internal surface condition of the nozzle 40, and in particular of the neck 45 must be perfect to avoid having an excessively "thick" boundary layer. "which would degrade the accuracy of the device's uncertainty.
- Means 52 for measuring the temperature T of the gas inside the enclosure of known type (for example a probe), and means 54 for measuring the pressure P inside the enclosure (of the type pressure switch or transmitter) are also connected to enclosure 12 and transmit their information to a memory computer 60, which preferably operates in automatic acquisition mode.
- This computer 60 collects the operating conditions of the device 10 (pressure P and temperature T prevailing inside the enclosure), and includes timing means 70, either internal such as an electronic clock, or external and connected to this, such as a chronograph or equivalent.
- ⁇ t the time measured in seconds between the instant when the gas studied passes through the enclosure from the first pressure PI to the second pressure P2.
- This device 10 is very simple and firstly includes a calibration procedure to determine the constant k used in the formula for calculating the density of the gas studied.
- the enclosure 12 being closed, of determined volume and not being able to deform under pressure, there is introduced therein, by means of the pressure supply means, a reference gas whose physical characteristics are known. and chemical, and in particular the density noted pref, and this at an initial pressure Pi higher than the normal atmospheric pressure (typically 1013.25 millibars at sea level).
- a neutral gas such as methane
- the enclosure 12 can be heated before the reference gas escapes from the enclosure and / or during at least part of the time during which it escapes, at a temperature T of between approximately 40 and 80 ° C, for example at 60 ° C, using the heating means 56.
- the purge means 30 are opened (in particular the valve 64) and the time ⁇ t taken by this reference gas to exit the enclosure 12 by crossing the sonic nozzle 40 at the speed of sound while passing is measured using timing means 70 , inside said enclosure 12, from a first pressure PI less than or equal to the initial pressure Pi to a second pressure P2 less than said pressure PI but greater than or equal to normal atmospheric pressure.
- the initial filling pressure will be approximately 3 to 5 bars, and typically substantially equal to 3.5 bars
- the first pressure PI will preferably be less than or equal to 4 bars, and typically substantially equal to 3 bars
- the second pressure P2 will preferably be between approximately 1.2 and 3 bars, and typically substantially equal to 2 bars.
- the time measured will be long enough (about 1 minute to go from 3 to 2 bars) to allow the computer to determine k with precision.
- This time ⁇ t is stored in the computer 60, as well as the density preferably of said reference gas. Using the above-mentioned formula, we deduce the constant k with an accuracy of the order of 2 per thousand (2% o).
- the measurement can be repeated several times under the same conditions to obtain an average value and a standard deviation making it possible to determine the uncertainty on the measurement of k.
- T temperature conditions
- P2 and PI differ, the time taken by the gas to pass in the enclosure from PI to P2 will be slightly different. In reality, even if this constant k varies little as a function of the pressure, a slightly different constant k will be obtained for each type of pressure condition (PI and P2) used to carry out the calibration.
- the device 10 has been calibrated as described above and that a constant k is available.
- the enclosure 12 being completely purged, a gas is introduced into it, using the means 20 for supplying under pressure, for which one wishes to determine or verify the density, denoted p.
- the supply valve 26 is opened so that the gas stored in the bottle 22 comes to completely fill the enclosure 12 at a pressure Pi greater than the normal atmospheric pressure, and preferably identical to that used to calibrate the computer. 60 (i.e. 3.5 bars).
- the supply valve 26 is then closed. If the enclosure has been heated during the calibration procedure, it is advisable (but it is not compulsory) to do the same when determining the density of the gas studied, i.e.
- the purge valve 34 is then opened and the studied gas is allowed to escape from the enclosure 12 through the sonic nozzle 40 at the speed of sound (at the passage of its neck 45) where it undergoes an isentropic transformation.
- the time ⁇ t taken by this gas to pass, inside the enclosure 12, of a first pressure PI less than or equal to, is then measured, using timing means 70. the initial pressure Pi at a second pressure P2 lower than said pressure PI but greater than or equal to normal atmospheric pressure.
- one will choose to measure the time taken by the gas studied to pass inside the enclosure 12, of the same pressure PI as that used in the calibration procedure, at the same pressure P2 as that used in the calibration procedure, i.e. from 3 to 2 bars, in order to obtain a more precise measurement of the density of the gas studied.
- the timing means 70 are integrated into the computer 60 so as to be triggered automatically when the information coming from the pressure measurement means 54 informs said computer 60 that the gas pressure in the enclosure 12 is at PI (on), then goes to P2 (off).
- the influence of the compressibility factor is thus negligible or even zero.
- the device thus described can also function as a hydrometer. Indeed, as soon as the density of the gas studied is known, it suffices to relate this value to the density of the air in the case where air has been used for the calibration of the computer and the determination of k.
- this device and its associated method are very reliable, simple to use, with a simple and short calibration procedure, and make it possible to quickly determine or verify the density of a studied gas, or its variation over time.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
- Details Of Flowmeters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9708747A FR2765966B1 (fr) | 1997-07-09 | 1997-07-09 | Procede et dispositif pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gaz |
FR9708747 | 1997-07-09 | ||
PCT/FR1998/001424 WO1999002964A1 (fr) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-03 | Procede pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gaz |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0995100A1 true EP0995100A1 (fr) | 2000-04-26 |
Family
ID=9509069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98935091A Withdrawn EP0995100A1 (fr) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-07-03 | Procede pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gaz |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0995100A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001509594A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2303805A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765966B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999002964A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10158077C1 (de) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-01-23 | Ams Analysen Mess Und Systemte | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Dichte eines Messgases |
DE202006006559U1 (de) * | 2006-04-25 | 2007-09-06 | BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG | Kraftfahrzeugschloss |
FR2950966B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-05 | 2011-12-16 | Mesura Ets | Appareil regulateur de gaz a detente et a clapet d'obturation de la voie d'ecoulement du gaz |
EP2806271B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-24 | 2017-04-26 | Mems Ag | Procédé et dispositif de mesure pour la détermination de propriétés physiques de gaz |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4527418A (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-07-09 | Honeywell Inc. | Method of measuring specific gravity and apparatus utilizing the same |
US4677841A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1987-07-07 | Precision Measurement, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring the relative density of gases |
US4934178A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-19 | Jones Donald R A | Method and apparatus for determining the density of a gas |
US5307668A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-05-03 | Badger Meter, Inc. | Gas density meter and method |
-
1997
- 1997-07-09 FR FR9708747A patent/FR2765966B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-07-03 WO PCT/FR1998/001424 patent/WO1999002964A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-07-03 EP EP98935091A patent/EP0995100A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-03 JP JP2000502397A patent/JP2001509594A/ja active Pending
- 1998-07-03 CA CA002303805A patent/CA2303805A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9902964A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999002964A1 (fr) | 1999-01-21 |
FR2765966B1 (fr) | 1999-08-20 |
JP2001509594A (ja) | 2001-07-24 |
CA2303805A1 (fr) | 1999-01-21 |
FR2765966A1 (fr) | 1999-01-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2635970C (fr) | Procede et dispositif de remplissage de conteneurs de gaz sous pression | |
FR2509839A1 (fr) | Appareil de detection de fuites dans un reservoir cryogenique | |
EP1060348A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour la regulation active du rapport air/gaz d'un bruleur comprenant un dispositif de mesure de pression differentielle | |
FR2628835A1 (fr) | ||
CA3059191A1 (fr) | Procede pour mesurer la quantite de gaz introduite dans un reservoir et station de remplissage | |
FR2472177A1 (fr) | Mesureur de niveau pour liquide, notamment pour l'eau de refroidissement d'un reacteur | |
EP0660091B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de fourniture de gaz sous pression | |
EP1643230B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de contrôle d'étanchéité d'une enceinte contenant un gaz sous pression | |
WO1999002964A1 (fr) | Procede pour determiner la masse volumique d'un gaz | |
EP1207396A1 (fr) | Dispositif dispensateur de fluide | |
WO2007080283A1 (fr) | Pressiometre de precision automatise | |
CA3059181A1 (fr) | Procede pour mesurer la quantite de gaz introduite dans un reservoir et station correspondante | |
FR2635499A1 (fr) | Systeme pour determiner le moment ou le reservoir de carburant d'un spationef est vide | |
FR2654511A1 (fr) | Procede pour determiner la temperature d'un fluide en circulation. | |
FR2640752A1 (fr) | Procede et appareil pour determiner la densite d'un gaz | |
FR2760526A1 (fr) | Dispositif de mesure | |
FR2511175A1 (fr) | Appareil de controle d'agent de refroidissement pour un reacteur nucleaire | |
FR2767206A1 (fr) | Generateur de faibles quantites de gaz et procede de generation d'un debit constant de gaz au moyen de ce generateur | |
FR2580396A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour indiquer et/ou mesurer les ecoulements de matiere extremement faibles | |
EP0027767B1 (fr) | Dispositif de détection d'une substance dont on cherche à déterminer la présence dans une ou plusieurs chambres d'un ensemble de chambres de mesure maintenues sous ultra-vide et application à la détection des fuites | |
EP1977048B1 (fr) | Sonde pour pressiometre et pressiometre | |
CA3059193A1 (fr) | Procede pour mesurer la quantite de gaz introduite dans un reservoir et station de remplissage | |
WO1997018439A1 (fr) | Systeme et procede de mesure altimetrique par moyen hydrostatique | |
EP0247935B1 (fr) | Procédé d'alimentation d'un refroidisseur Joule-Thomson et appareil de refroidissement pour sa mise en oeuvre | |
WO2022219253A1 (fr) | Méthode de mesure du volume d'un solide et pycnomètre associé |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19991216 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: VULOVIC, FREDERIC Inventor name: COTTERCHIO, MICHEL Inventor name: CORNIL, JEAN-PHILIPPE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000829 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20010109 |