EP0991301A1 - Window heating device for vehicles - Google Patents

Window heating device for vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0991301A1
EP0991301A1 EP99116820A EP99116820A EP0991301A1 EP 0991301 A1 EP0991301 A1 EP 0991301A1 EP 99116820 A EP99116820 A EP 99116820A EP 99116820 A EP99116820 A EP 99116820A EP 0991301 A1 EP0991301 A1 EP 0991301A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
electrical power
controlled
heater according
heating elements
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99116820A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0991301B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Dierker
Karsten Dipl.-Ing. Michels
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP0991301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0991301A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0991301B1 publication Critical patent/EP0991301B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/035—Electrical circuits used in resistive heating apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a window heater for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the rear windows, but increasingly also the front windows, of motor vehicles are usually equipped with electrical heating elements for heating the rear windows.
  • the window heating of a motor vehicle is used in particular in the cold season to make the window fog-free or to de-ice it.
  • the state of charge of the vehicle battery can become critical, since the low external temperatures and the other electrical consumers that are switched on more often often result in a poor charge balance for the vehicle battery.
  • German patent application 16 30 963 provides for a reduction in the electrical heating output as a function of the voltage of the power source.
  • the known measures make the switching on or off of the electrical heating elements of a window heater dependent on the state of charge of the vehicle battery or on its charge balance or the generator power. The respective operating situation of the motor vehicle is not considered.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a window heater for motor vehicles with an electrically heatable rear or front window, in which, taking into account the operating situation of the motor vehicle, an unnecessarily high battery load when the window heater is activated can be avoided.
  • the operating situation of the motor vehicle is determined by taking into account environmental influences, such as, for example, the driving wind caused by the driving speed and / or the outside temperature, so that the electrical power supplied to the electrical heating elements can be set as a function of the respective operating situation.
  • environmental influences such as, for example, the driving wind caused by the driving speed and / or the outside temperature
  • the electrical power can be set higher to counteract the increased cooling caused by the wind.
  • higher electrical consumer outputs can generally be accepted without any problems, since the generator can feed into the vehicle electrical system with a correspondingly higher generator output.
  • a signal indicating the respective driving speed is present in the vehicle electrical system control of a motor vehicle anyway, so that the driving-speed-dependent control of the heating elements can be implemented with very little additional technical effort.
  • the airstream can also be measured using sensors instead of the indirect determination from the vehicle speed.
  • the electrical power used to operate the electrical heating elements can be increased or changed proportionally as the driving speed increases or according to a predetermined characteristic curve.
  • the characteristic curve can be determined empirically for each vehicle type and depending on different outside temperatures, so that a temperature-dependent and speed-dependent characteristic curve profile is created.
  • Such a characteristic profile can also take into account further parameters that specify the respective operating and environmental situation of the motor vehicle.
  • Such further parameters can be, for example, the interior temperature of the motor vehicle, the air humidity, time information, etc.
  • the pane heater can have several individually or jointly controllable heating elements on the pane, in order to be able to adjust the heating output in accordance with the respective operating situation.
  • the electrical power can also be adjusted by pulsing the heating elements with a variable duty cycle.
  • the heating elements 1 of a rear window, not shown here, of a motor vehicle are connected to a controllable switching device 2, the control input of which is connected to the output of a control device 3.
  • the on-board electrical system voltage U B is also present at the switching device 2 and can be applied to the heating elements 1 via the switching device 2 in a manner determined by the control device 3.
  • the control device 3 receives information about the current driving speed v of the motor vehicle and about further parameters P which specify the current operating situation and / or environmental influences. These parameters P and also the driving speed v can be used by the control device 3 on the basis of a vehicle-specific characteristic diagram stored in a memory 4 for controlling the heating elements 1.
  • the control unit 3 of the rear window heater can extract characteristic data from the memory 4 as a function of the applied values for the driving speed v and with regard to the further parameters P.
  • the switching device 2 enables individual heating elements 1 of the rear window to be controlled separately or all heating elements 1 to be controlled together.
  • the heating elements 1 can be operated in a pulsed manner, the control device 3 being able to change the pulse duty factor of the pulse operation. In this way, a desired rear window heating output can be set precisely depending on the current environmental influences and other operating data.

Abstract

The windscreen heating device has a control device (3) for regulating the electrical power supplied to the electric heating element (1) for the rear and/or front windscreen, in dependence on detected automobile parameters, e.g. the vehicle velocity, the slipstream, the internal and/or external temperature and the external humidity level. The detected parameters may be used to address a memory holding a characteristic profile for the specific automobile, used by the control device for regulating the power for the windscreen heating element.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Scheibenheizung für Kraftfahrzeuge gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a window heater for motor vehicles according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die Heckscheiben, aber immer mehr auch die Frontscheiben, von Kraftfahrzeugen sind üblicherweise mit elektrischen Heizelementen zum Beheizen der Heckscheiben ausgerüstet. Die Scheibenheizung eines Kraftfahrzeugs kommt insbesondere in der kalten Jahreszeit zum Einsatz, um die Scheibe beschlagfrei zu machen oder sie zu enteisen. Gerade in der kalten Jahreszeit kann aber der Ladezustand der Fahrzeugbatterie kritisch werden, da aufgrund der niedrigen Außentemperaturen und der sonstigen häufiger eingeschalteten elektrischen Verbraucher eine oftmals schlechte Ladebilanz für die Fahrzeugbatterie gegeben ist.The rear windows, but increasingly also the front windows, of motor vehicles are usually equipped with electrical heating elements for heating the rear windows. The window heating of a motor vehicle is used in particular in the cold season to make the window fog-free or to de-ice it. Especially in the cold season, however, the state of charge of the vehicle battery can become critical, since the low external temperatures and the other electrical consumers that are switched on more often often result in a poor charge balance for the vehicle battery.

Es sind Maßnahmen bekannt, die bei einem schlechten Ladezustand der Fahrzeugbatterie eine zeitweise Abschaltung von elektrischen Verbrauchern oder in anderer Weise eine Reduzierung der Belastung der Fahrzeugbatterie vorsehen. So wird in der DE 44 22 329 A1 eine Steuerung der Verbraucherlast in Abhängigkeit von der Batteriekapazität und der Generatorleistung vorgeschlagen. Die elektrischen Verbraucher können zu diesem Zweck teilweise abgeschaltet oder nur noch im Impulsbetrieb mit reduzierter Belastung betrieben werden.Measures are known which, in the event of a poor state of charge of the vehicle battery, provide a temporary shutdown of electrical consumers or in some other way a reduction in the load on the vehicle battery. DE 44 22 329 A1 proposes control of the consumer load as a function of the battery capacity and the generator power. For this purpose, the electrical consumers can be partially switched off or only operated in pulse mode with a reduced load.

Auch aus der DE 39 36 638 C1 ist eine Verbraucherabschaltung in Abhängigkeit vom Ladezustand der Fahrzeugbatterie vorgesehen. Für den Betrieb einer elektrisch beheizbaren Heckscheibe ist in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 16 30 963 eine Reduzierung der elektrischen Heizleistung in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung der Stromquelle vorgesehen.DE 39 36 638 C1 also provides a consumer shutdown depending on the state of charge of the vehicle battery. For the operation of an electrically heatable rear window, German patent application 16 30 963 provides for a reduction in the electrical heating output as a function of the voltage of the power source.

Die bekannten Maßnahmen machen die Zu- oder Abschaltung der elektrischen Heizelemente einer Scheibenheizung vom Ladezustand der Fahrzeugbatterie bzw. von deren Ladebilanz oder der Generatorleistung abhängig. Eine Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Betriebssituation des Kraftfahrzeugs ist dabei nicht vorgesehen.The known measures make the switching on or off of the electrical heating elements of a window heater dependent on the state of charge of the vehicle battery or on its charge balance or the generator power. The respective operating situation of the motor vehicle is not considered.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Scheibenheizung für Kraftfahrzeuge mit einer elektrisch beheizbaren Heck- oder Frontscheibe zu schaffen, bei der unter Berücksichtigung der Betriebssituation des Kraftfahrzeugs eine unnötig starke Batteriebelastung bei aktivierter Scheibenheizung vermieden werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a window heater for motor vehicles with an electrically heatable rear or front window, in which, taking into account the operating situation of the motor vehicle, an unnecessarily high battery load when the window heater is activated can be avoided.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erhält man mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The solution to this problem is obtained with the features specified in claim 1.

Die Betriebssituation des Kraftfahrzeugs wird durch Berücksichtigung von Umgebungseinflüssen, wie beispielsweise dem durch die Fahrgeschwindigkeit bedingten Fahrtwind und/oder der Außentemperatur, festgestellt, so daß in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Betriebssituation die den elektrischen Heizelementen zugeführte elektrische Leistung eingestellt werden kann. Bei größerer Fahrgeschwindigkeit kann die elektrische Leistung höher eingestellt werden, um der durch den Fahrtwind bedingten stärkeren Kühlung entgegen zu wirken. Bei höherer Fahrgeschwindigkeit können höhere elektrische Verbraucherleistungen in der Regel problemlos hingenommen werden, da der Generator mit einer entsprechend höheren Generatorleistung in das Bordnetz einspeisen kann. Dabei ist es auch besonders vorteilhaft, daß ein die jeweilige Fahrgeschwindigkeit angebendes Signal in der Bordnetzsteuerung eines Kraftfahrzeugs ohnehin vorhanden ist, so daß die fahrgeschwindigkeitsabhängige Ansteuerung der Heizelemente mit sehr geringem technischen Zusatzaufwand realisierbar ist. Der Fahrtwind kann aber auch anstelle der indirekten Ermittlung aus der Fahrgeschwindigkeit mittels Sensoren gemessen werden.The operating situation of the motor vehicle is determined by taking into account environmental influences, such as, for example, the driving wind caused by the driving speed and / or the outside temperature, so that the electrical power supplied to the electrical heating elements can be set as a function of the respective operating situation. At higher driving speeds, the electrical power can be set higher to counteract the increased cooling caused by the wind. At higher driving speeds, higher electrical consumer outputs can generally be accepted without any problems, since the generator can feed into the vehicle electrical system with a correspondingly higher generator output. It is also particularly advantageous that a signal indicating the respective driving speed is present in the vehicle electrical system control of a motor vehicle anyway, so that the driving-speed-dependent control of the heating elements can be implemented with very little additional technical effort. The airstream can also be measured using sensors instead of the indirect determination from the vehicle speed.

Die zum Betrieb der elektrischen Heizelemente verwendete elektrische Leistung kann mit zunehmender Fahrgeschwindigkeit proportional oder entsprechend einer vorgegebenen Kennlinie erhöht oder verändert werden. Die Kennlinie kann dabei empirisch für jeden Fahrzeugtyp und abhängig von unterschiedlichen Außentemperaturen festgelegt werden, so daß ein temperatur- und fahrgeschwindigkeitsabhängiges Kennlinienprofil entsteht. Ein solches Kennlinienprofil kann auch weitere Parameter, die die jeweilige Betriebs- und Umgebungssituation des Kraftfahrzeugs spezifizieren, berücksichtigen. Solche weiteren Parameter können beispielsweise die Innentemperatur des Kraftfahrzeugs, die Luftfeuchtigkeit, Zeitangaben, etc. sein.The electrical power used to operate the electrical heating elements can be increased or changed proportionally as the driving speed increases or according to a predetermined characteristic curve. The characteristic curve can be determined empirically for each vehicle type and depending on different outside temperatures, so that a temperature-dependent and speed-dependent characteristic curve profile is created. Such a characteristic profile can also take into account further parameters that specify the respective operating and environmental situation of the motor vehicle. Such further parameters can be, for example, the interior temperature of the motor vehicle, the air humidity, time information, etc.

Die Scheibenheizung kann an der Scheibe mehrere einzeln oder gemeinsam ansteuerbare Heizelemente aufweisen, um der jeweiligen Betriebssituation entsprechend eine Anpassung der Heizleistung vornehmen zu können.The pane heater can have several individually or jointly controllable heating elements on the pane, in order to be able to adjust the heating output in accordance with the respective operating situation.

Eine Anpassung der elektrischen Leistung kann auch durch eine gepulste Ansteuerung der Heizelemente mit einem veränderbaren Tastverhältnis erfolgen.The electrical power can also be adjusted by pulsing the heating elements with a variable duty cycle.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung, die ein Blockschaltbild der Heizeinrichtung darstellt, näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents a block diagram of the heating device.

Die Heizelemente 1 einer hier nicht dargestellten Heckscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs sind an eine steuerbare Schalteinrichtung 2 angeschlossen, deren Steuereingang mit dem Ausgang einer Steuereinrichtung 3 verbunden ist. An der Schalteinrichtung 2 liegt außerdem die Bordnetzspannung UB an, die über die Schalteinrichtung 2 in einer von der Steuereinrichtung 3 bestimmten Weise an die Heizelemente 1 angelegt werden kann. Die Steuereinrichtung 3 erhält eingangsseitig Informationen über die aktuelle Fahrgeschwindigkeit v des Kraftfahrzeugs sowie über weitere Parameter P, welche die aktuelle Betriebssituation und/oder Umgebungseinflüsse spezifizieren. Diese Parameter P und auch die Fahrgeschwindigkeit v können von der Steuereinrichtung 3 anhand eines in einem Speicher 4 abgelegten fahrzeugspezifischen Kennfelds zur Steuerung der Heizelemente 1 verwendet werden. Die Steuerung 3 der Heckscheibenheizung kann zu diesem Zweck Kenndaten aus dem Speicher 4 in Abhängigkeit von den anliegenden Werten für die Fahrgeschwindigkeit v und bezüglich der weiteren Parameter P entnehmen.The heating elements 1 of a rear window, not shown here, of a motor vehicle are connected to a controllable switching device 2, the control input of which is connected to the output of a control device 3. The on-board electrical system voltage U B is also present at the switching device 2 and can be applied to the heating elements 1 via the switching device 2 in a manner determined by the control device 3. On the input side, the control device 3 receives information about the current driving speed v of the motor vehicle and about further parameters P which specify the current operating situation and / or environmental influences. These parameters P and also the driving speed v can be used by the control device 3 on the basis of a vehicle-specific characteristic diagram stored in a memory 4 for controlling the heating elements 1. For this purpose, the control unit 3 of the rear window heater can extract characteristic data from the memory 4 as a function of the applied values for the driving speed v and with regard to the further parameters P.

Die Schalteinrichtung 2 ermöglicht es, einzelne Heizelemente 1 der Heckscheibe separat anzusteuern oder sämtliche Heizelemente 1 gemeinsam anzusteuern. Dabei können die Heizelemente 1 gepulst betrieben werden, wobei die Steuereinrichtung 3 das Tastverhältnis des Pulsbetriebs verändern kann. Auf diese Weise läßt sich in Abhängigkeit von den aktuellen Umgebungseinflüssen und sonstigen Betriebsdaten eine gewünschte Heckscheibenheizleistung exakt einstellen.The switching device 2 enables individual heating elements 1 of the rear window to be controlled separately or all heating elements 1 to be controlled together. The heating elements 1 can be operated in a pulsed manner, the control device 3 being able to change the pulse duty factor of the pulse operation. In this way, a desired rear window heating output can be set precisely depending on the current environmental influences and other operating data.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

11
HeizelementeHeating elements
22nd
SchalteinrichtungSwitching device
33rd
SteuereinrichtungControl device
44th
SpeicherStorage
PP
Parameterparameter
UB U B
BordnetzspannungVehicle electrical system voltage
vv
FahrgeschwindigkeitDriving speed

Claims (10)

Scheibenheizung für Kraftfahrzeuge, bei der die Leistungsaufnahme der elektrischen Heizelemente (1) einer Heck- und/oder Frontscheibe mittels einer Steuereinrichtung (3) steuerbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtung (3) die zum Betrieb der elektrischen Heizelemente (1) verwendete elektrische Leistung unter Berücksichtigung von auf das Kraftfahrzeug einwirkenden Umgebungseinflüssen steuert.Window heating for motor vehicles in which the power consumption of the electrical heating elements (1) of a rear and / or front window can be controlled by means of a control device (3), characterized in that the control device (3) is used to operate the electrical heating elements (1) Controls power taking into account environmental influences acting on the motor vehicle. Scheibenheizung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit (v) gesteuert wird.Window heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical power is controlled as a function of the driving speed (v). Scheibenheizung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit zunehmender Fahrgeschwindigkeit (v) die elektrische Leistung erhöht wird.Window heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical power is increased with increasing driving speed (v). Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung in Abhängigkeit vom Fahrtwind gesteuert wird.Window heating according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power is controlled as a function of the airstream. Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der außen- und/oder Innentemperatur des Kraftfahrzeugs gesteuert wird.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power is controlled as a function of the outside and / or inside temperature of the motor vehicle. Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung in Abhängigkeit von der Luftfeuchtigkeit der Umgebungsluft gesteuert wird.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power is controlled as a function of the atmospheric humidity of the ambient air. Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einem Speicher (4) ein fahrzeugspezifisches Kennlinienprofil abgelegt ist, das in Abhängigkeit von den vorhanden Umgebungseinflüssen und/oder der vorliegenden Betriebssituation des Kraftfahrzeugs Kennwerte an die Steuereinrichtung (3) zur Einstellung der elektrischen Leistung der Heizelemente (1) liefert.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vehicle-specific characteristic profile profile is stored in a memory (4), which is dependent on the existing environmental influences and / or the present operating situation of the motor vehicle provides characteristic values to the control device (3) for setting the electrical power of the heating elements (1). Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung zeitabhängig gesteuert wird.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power is controlled as a function of time. Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Scheibenheizung mehrere separat oder gemeinsam ansteuerbare Heizelemente (1) aufweist.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the window heater has several heating elements (1) which can be controlled separately or together. Scheibenheizung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektrische Leistung durch gepulste Ansteuerung der Heizelemente (1) mit veränderbarem Tastverhältnis steuerbar ist.Window heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical power can be controlled by pulsed activation of the heating elements (1) with a variable pulse duty factor.
EP99116820A 1998-09-30 1999-09-01 Window heating device for vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0991301B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19845009A DE19845009A1 (en) 1998-09-30 1998-09-30 Rear window heating for motor vehicles
DE19845009 1998-09-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0991301A1 true EP0991301A1 (en) 2000-04-05
EP0991301B1 EP0991301B1 (en) 2006-12-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99116820A Expired - Lifetime EP0991301B1 (en) 1998-09-30 1999-09-01 Window heating device for vehicles

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0991301B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE348495T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19845009A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

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WO2003007662A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd Mirror heater
EP2014604A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 The Raymond Corporation Heated sensorless glass guard with control for forklift trucks
WO2016027184A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Bombardier Inc. Apparatus and method for controlled heating of a vehicle window
US20210229793A1 (en) * 2018-06-06 2021-07-29 Embraer S.A. Aircraft window heating system with regulated dc voltage

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DE10042563B4 (en) * 2000-08-30 2005-06-16 Audi Ag Method and device for controlling the heating of an exterior mirror
DE10058434C2 (en) * 2000-11-24 2003-12-04 Audi Ag Method and device for controlling the heating of an exterior mirror
DE102005029411A1 (en) * 2005-06-24 2007-01-04 Audi Ag Device and method for operating a sensor arrangement in a motor vehicle
DE102010020311B4 (en) * 2010-05-12 2021-02-11 Audi Ag Method for controlling a motor vehicle component of a motor vehicle that can be heated by means of a heating system

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US4357524A (en) * 1980-01-29 1982-11-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electrical heater controller for aircraft window heat control
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003007662A1 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd Mirror heater
EP2014604A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2009-01-14 The Raymond Corporation Heated sensorless glass guard with control for forklift trucks
US8084716B2 (en) 2007-06-15 2011-12-27 The Raymond Corporation Heated glass guard with sensorless control for forklift trucks
WO2016027184A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2016-02-25 Bombardier Inc. Apparatus and method for controlled heating of a vehicle window
US20170273142A1 (en) * 2014-08-22 2017-09-21 Bombardier Inc. Apparatus and method for controlled heating of a vehicle window
US20210229793A1 (en) * 2018-06-06 2021-07-29 Embraer S.A. Aircraft window heating system with regulated dc voltage

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EP0991301B1 (en) 2006-12-13
DE19845009A1 (en) 2000-04-06
ATE348495T1 (en) 2007-01-15
DE59914053D1 (en) 2007-01-25

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