EP0989228A1 - Vegetable material from cereal plants and process for making the same - Google Patents
Vegetable material from cereal plants and process for making the same Download PDFInfo
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- EP0989228A1 EP0989228A1 EP99402274A EP99402274A EP0989228A1 EP 0989228 A1 EP0989228 A1 EP 0989228A1 EP 99402274 A EP99402274 A EP 99402274A EP 99402274 A EP99402274 A EP 99402274A EP 0989228 A1 EP0989228 A1 EP 0989228A1
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N [5-[3,5-dihydroxy-2-(1,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentan-2-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl (e)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OC1C(OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OCC(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(COC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)O1 UGXQOOQUZRUVSS-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000617 arabinoxylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material based material vegetable from all the aerial parts of cereal plants or substantial fractions thereof.
- It also relates to a process for preparing such a material.
- these materials are either materials reconstituted from isolated products of plant origin, i.e. isolated from plant origin, mixed with synthetic material, such as polymers.
- synthetic material such as polymers.
- Various polymers can be combined with starch, such as polychloride vinyl, polyethylene or polyvinyl alcohol.
- compositions which can be used as packaging material, containing a starch-based binder, an inorganic filler, as well as fibers dispersed so uniform in the starch matrix.
- These fibers may include cellulose fibers, and can be obtained from leaves, stems, or other parts of the plant.
- WO 95/04 111 describes articles consisting of a material containing particles of wood impregnated with acidic resin and a binder, which can be starch and / or proteins. In this material the wood particles must necessarily be impregnated with resins and vegetable oils or fats.
- US Patent 5,160,368 relates to a manufacturing process packaging comprising obtaining a dough by heating a flour, of a grass plant. This dough is mixed with crushed hay.
- This process necessarily requires obtaining a flour of a grass plant, then cooking, before being mixed with hay. There therefore has no direct mixture of grains and hay.
- Corn bran fibers or wheat bran are very different, since they are short, elastic, much richer in hemicelluloses (up to 60% of the fiber dry matter versus 15% cellulose and 8% lignin). Through elsewhere, these hemicelluloses are of arabinoxylan type, clearly more substituted as the stem xylans, and have properties thickeners and gelling agents in solution in water, or even properties film-forming.
- the fibers of the external part of the corn cob (hard part) are very different from those of the internal or central part (soft part or marrow).
- the former are very hard, proportionally rich in cellulose (47%) and lignin (7%) and less in hemicelluloses (37%), then that the seconds are tender, fluffy, proportionately less rich in cellulose (35%) and lignin (5%).
- the water absorbency of soft fiber is seven times that of hard fiber.
- the Applicant has solved the problem of the heterogeneity of components by treating the whole plant under specific conditions.
- the residual moisture content of the fragments obtained after step a) is too large, said fragments can be dried until reach a residual humidity of between 5 and 20%. Such treatment may be necessary especially in the case where the material vegetable is corn.
- the plant material must come from at least one plant cereal. However, it can also include material from a or several non-cereal plants.
- Cereal plants that can be used for setting work of this process can be all cereal plants whose grains contain a sufficient amount of starch, preferably at least 20% starch by weight of the whole plant.
- they can be corn, durum wheat, common wheat, sorghum, oats, rye and rice.
- One of the advantages of the present process resides in the fact that it is not necessary to separate the different parts of the plant, for example the separation of the leaves and the stem, in order to enforce.
- the step of cutting into fragments the parts aerial can be performed directly at the time of harvesting the plant, in the field.
- the invention can nevertheless be implemented using either all the aerial parts of the plant previously isolated, i.e. a substantial fraction of these isolated aerial parts. We hear by substantial fraction at least 80% by weight of the aerial parts of the plant. It can also be implemented using aerial parts of plants belonging to varieties, or different species.
- the aerial parts of the plant are cut into fragments with an average length of between about 0.5 and 10 cm, and even more preferably between 2 and 8 cm.
- This cutting can be carried out by any known method of those skilled in the art leading to fragments of this size.
- the fragments are dried in step b) until humidity is reached residual between about 7 and 13%.
- This step is advantageously carried out using a rotary dryer, for example at a temperature of 950 ° C for a few minutes.
- this step can also be carried out by any other drying process known to those skilled in the art.
- Step b) of grinding or shearing is carried out preferably until aggregates with a length are obtained average between about 0.5 and 1 mm.
- a fraction of the hard part of the cob less than about 10% by weight of the whole plant, can be eliminated.
- the size of the aggregates is measured by passing the aggregates to through sieves with meshes of decreasing diameters.
- aggregates having a size of between 0.5 and 1 mm pass through 1mm diameter mesh but do not pass through through meshes with a diameter of 0.5 mm.
- Stage b) of grinding or shearing is preferably implementation using a hammer mill equipped with grids having suitable mesh diameters.
- the aggregates from step b) of grinding or shearing can be immediately shaped, by any known method of a person skilled in the art using the filling of a mold and forming of the part under the effect of temperature and pressure, in particular by molding in an injection molding machine.
- This extrusion step is advantageously carried out in a twin-screw extruder, whose screw and temperature profiles are adapted by the skilled person, depending on the aggregates to be treated, and the result wish.
- the aggregates from this extrusion step can then be shaped, as indicated previously, in an injection molding machine.
- These aggregates possibly having undergone an extrusion, have behavior comparable to that of a thermoplastic material, i.e. that under the effect of temperature, they can pass from a solid phase to a molten pasty phase, and therefore be injected into a mold then solidify during cooling.
- the fusion of these aggregates can be obtained in a plasticizing screw of the same type as those put in works for synthetic plastics, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene.
- the final products i.e. after shaping, are therefore made up of granules joined by fusion of fusible materials contained in the aerial parts of plants. These materials present both physicochemical and mechanical properties distinguishing them from those already described in the state of the art.
- these end products are biodegradable, eco-compatible, and recyclable by composting or by combustion.
- the present invention also relates to a material based on plant material having a tensile strength, measured according to international standard ISO 527, of at least 10 N / mm 2 , and preferably of at least 15 N / mm 2 , and a tensile modulus of at least 1500 N / mm 2 .
- Materials according to the present invention may have a flexural strength, measured as described in standard NF EN 310, of at least 20N / mm 2 and preferably of at least 25 N / mm 2 and a flexural modulus of at least 1500 N / mm 2 .
- They can be used as packaging, or for the manufacture of wedging devices or also for the manufacture of edge trim motor vehicles. They can have hollow or solid shapes, or be profiled. These materials have properties workability, in that they are sawable, nailable, drilled and machinable around. In addition, their surface is smooth, non-friable, and devoid of dust. These materials are stickable and compatible with treatments of surface. In particular, they exhibit good compatibility with varnishes and paints.
- the material is dried in a rotary dryer (dehydrator: air temperature at the inlet of the dryer: 950 ° C, residence time: 3 to 8 min.) up to a residual humidity of 7 to 13%. It is then ground in a hammer mill equipped with two grids of 4 and 6 mm in diameter of mesh.
- the particle size distribution obtained is as follows (4.3%> 2.36mm; 5.1% between 2.36 and 1.7 mm; 4.3% between 1.7 and 1.4mm; 3% between 1.4 and 1.25 mm; 5.5% between 1.25 and 1 mm; 31.9% between 1 and 0.5 mm; 22.2% between 0.5 and 0.25 mm and 23.6% less than 0.25 mm).
- the ground and dried material is mixed with water in a planetary mixer so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture at a rate of overall hydration (Mass of water / Total mass of wet matter) of 20%.
- the mixture thus obtained is shaped in an injection press (injection chamber temperature 150 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, pressure limit 70 bar, cycle time 35 s).
- the mechanical tensile strength test is carried out according to the international standard ISO 527.
- the test pieces used are of type 1A and the movement speed of the jaws is 5 mm / min. (ISO tensile test 527 / 1A / 5).
- the flexural strength test is a three-point test as described in standard NF EN 310. It is carried out on test pieces rectangular in shape with the following dimensions: length 60 mm, width 10 mm, thickness 4 mm. The speed of movement of the knife cylindrical is 6 mm / min. The distance between the supports is 50 mm.
- Example 1 is repeated until the grinding stage then the material is extruded in a CLEXTRAL twin-screw extruder, cut into seven zones.
- the screw profile and the temperature profile are as follows: Zoned Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Screw type T2F C2F C2F Mal2 C2F C2F C2F CFC2 C2F No screws 60 60 33 33 25 25 10x10 33 33 33 33 25 -25 25 33 Temperature 14 ° C 14 ° C 15 ° C 17 ° C 15 ° C 29 ° C 24 ° C T2F screw: conveyor elements with trapezoidal groove, C2F screw: U-grooved conveyor elements, screw Mal2: mixing elements (bilobes), CFC2 screws: counter threads.
- the pitch corresponding to the screws is indicated in mm under each element.
- One element measures 50 mm or 100 mm.
- the water content of the material is fixed at 20% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder.
- the dry matter flow rate is 27.9 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm.
- Extrusion is done without head plate (no industry), the average residence time is 40 seconds.
- the extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 19%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 150 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, injection limit pressure 40 bar, duration 35 second cycle).
- the raw material is the whole plant corn Cécilia variety (the harvesting conditions and the composition are described in Example 1).
- the material is dried in a rotary dryer (dehydrator: inlet air temperature: 950 ° C, residence time: 3 to 8 min.), up to a residual humidity of 7 to 13%. It is then ground in a grinder hammer fitted with a grid of 2 mm mesh diameter.
- the particle size distribution obtained is as follows (0%> 2.36 mm; 0.6% between 2.36 and 1.7 mm; 1.3% between 1.7 and 1.4 mm; 1.6% between 1.4 and 1.25 mm; 3.5% between 1.25 and 1 mm; 27.8% between 1 and 0.5 mm; 27.5% between 0.5 and 0.25mm and 37.7% less than 0.25mm).
- the material is extruded in a CLEXTRAL twin-screw extruder.
- the screw profile and the temperature profile are as follows: Zoned Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Screw type T2F C2F C2F Mal2 C2F C2F C2F CFC2 C2F No screws 60 60 33 33 25 25 10x10 33 33 33 25 -25 25 33 Temperature 30 ° C 33 ° C 65 ° C 98 ° C 100 ° C 100 ° C 98 ° C
- the water content of the material is fixed at 25% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder.
- the dry matter flow rate is 28.3 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm.
- Extrusion is done without head plate (no industry), the average residence time is 50 seconds.
- the extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 17.4%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 135 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, injection pressure limit 150 bar, cycle time 15 seconds).
- Water absorption after immersion of the object for one hour at ambient temperature is 40%.
- the breaking time of the object subjected to a static traction (24 Newtons) in immersion is 5 hours.
- the raw material is whole plant wheat harvested and cut so that the straw has a grain size of less than 5 mm and the whole grains.
- the material is extruded in a CLEXTRAL twin-screw extruder.
- the screw profile and the temperature profile are as follows: Zoned Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone 7 Screw type T2F C2F C2F Mal2 C2F C2F C2F CFC2 C2F No screws 60 60 33 33 25 25 10x10 33 33 33 25 -25 25 33 Temperature 25 ° C 26 ° C 64 ° C 85 ° C 83 ° C 89 ° C 90 ° C
- the water content of the material is fixed at 25% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder.
- the dry matter flow rate is 40.5 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm. Extrusion is done without head plate (no sector).
- the extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 14.2%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 127 ° C; mold temperature 30 ° C, injection pressure limit 150 bar, duration 15 second cycle).
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à un matériau à base de matière végétale issue de l'ensemble des parties aériennes de plantes céréalières ou de fractions substantielles de celles-ci.The present invention relates to a material based material vegetable from all the aerial parts of cereal plants or substantial fractions thereof.
Elle est en outre relative à un procédé de préparation d'un tel matériau.It also relates to a process for preparing such a material.
On a assisté ces dernières années à un développement considérable des biomatériaux, principalement pour des raisons écologiques.We have witnessed in recent years a development considerable biomaterials, mainly for reasons ecological.
De manière générale, ces matériaux sont soit des matériaux reconstitués à partir de produits isolés d'origine végétale, soit des produits isolés d'origine végétale, mélangés à des matériaux d'origine synthétique, tels que des polymères. Un produit commercialisé constitué par l'association d'un biopolymère de synthèse et d'amidon de blé, de maïs ou de pomme de terre, est un exemple de matériau rentrant dans cette dernière catégorie. Divers polymères peuvent être associés à l'amidon, tels que le polychlorure de vinyle, le polyéthylène ou encore l'alcool polyvinylique.Generally, these materials are either materials reconstituted from isolated products of plant origin, i.e. isolated from plant origin, mixed with synthetic material, such as polymers. A commercial product constituted by the association a synthetic biopolymer and wheat, corn or apple starch earth, is an example of material falling into this latter category. Various polymers can be combined with starch, such as polychloride vinyl, polyethylene or polyvinyl alcohol.
Dans la première catégorie on connaít des matériaux obtenus par association de l'amidon avec des fibres végétales.In the first category we know of materials obtained by association of starch with vegetable fibers.
Cependant, ces produits présentent des propriétés mécaniques limitées et sont souvent sensibles à l'eau.However, these products have mechanical properties limited and are often sensitive to water.
Le brevet US-5 683 772, décrit des compositions, pouvant être utilisées comme matériau d'emballage, contenant un liant à base d'amidon, une charge inorganique, ainsi que des fibres dispersées de manière uniforme dans la matrice constituée d'amidon. Ces fibres peuvent inclure des fibres cellulosiques, et peuvent être obtenues à partir de feuilles, de tiges, ou d'autres parties de la plante.US Patent 5,683,772 describes compositions which can be used as packaging material, containing a starch-based binder, an inorganic filler, as well as fibers dispersed so uniform in the starch matrix. These fibers may include cellulose fibers, and can be obtained from leaves, stems, or other parts of the plant.
Néanmoins, ces fibres, et l'amidon, doivent être obligatoirement isolés, ce qui augmente considérablement les coûts de fabrication.However, these fibers, and starch, must be isolated, which significantly increases manufacturing costs.
La demande WO 95/04 111 décrit des articles constitués d'un matériau contenant des particules de bois imprégnées de résine acide et un liant, qui peut être de l'amidon et/ou des protéines. Dans ce matériau les particules de bois doivent être nécessairement imprégnées de résines et d'huiles ou de graisses végétales. WO 95/04 111 describes articles consisting of a material containing particles of wood impregnated with acidic resin and a binder, which can be starch and / or proteins. In this material the wood particles must necessarily be impregnated with resins and vegetable oils or fats.
Le brevet US 5.160.368 a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'emballages comprenant l'obtention d'une pâte par chauffage d'une farine, d'une plante graminée. Cette pâte est mélangée avec du foin écrasé.US Patent 5,160,368 relates to a manufacturing process packaging comprising obtaining a dough by heating a flour, of a grass plant. This dough is mixed with crushed hay.
Ce procédé nécessite obligatoirement l'obtention d'une farine d'une plante graminée, puis sa cuisson, avant d'être mélangée avec du foin. Il n'y a donc pas mélange direct des grains et du foin.This process necessarily requires obtaining a flour of a grass plant, then cooking, before being mixed with hay. There therefore has no direct mixture of grains and hay.
Il ressort donc de l'état de la technique que l'on ne connaissait pas de procédé permettant d'obtenir des matériaux présentant une cohésion, à partir de matières végétales brutes, c'est-à-dire à partir de matières végétales n'ayant pas fait l'objet de séparation, ou d'isolement de leurs divers constituants.It therefore appears from the state of the art that we did not know process for obtaining materials with cohesion, from raw plant materials, i.e. from materials plants that have not been separated, or isolated from their various constituents.
L'un des problèmes qui se posait à l'homme du métier résidait dans l'hétérogénéité des composants à l'intérieur d'un même tissu végétal, et a fortiori entre deux tissus différents. En effet, dans une plante entière de type céréalière, les fibres sont de natures très différentes selon les parties de la plante, tant par leur composition que par leur forme. Ainsi, les fibres de paille de blé ou de la partie externe des tiges et feuilles de maïs sont des fibres longues, riches en cellulose (40-45% de matière sèche), relativement ligneuses (15% de la matière sèche ), le restant étant constitué d'hémicelluloses, de structure type xylanique. Les fibres de son de maïs ou de son de blé (enveloppe de graine) sont très différentes, puisque courtes, élastiques, beaucoup plus riches en hémicelluloses (jusqu'à 60% de la matière sèche des fibres contre 15% de cellulose et 8% de lignine). Par ailleurs, ces hémicelluloses sont de type arabinoxylane, nettement plus substituées que les xylanes de la tige, et possèdent des propriétés épaississantes et gélifiantes en solution dans l'eau, voire des propriétés filmogènes. Les fibres de la partie externe de la rafle de maïs (partie dure) sont très différentes de celles de la partie interne ou centrale (partie tendre ou moelle). Les premières sont très dures, proportionnellement riches en cellulose (47% ) et en lignine (7%) et moins en hémicelluloses (37%), alors que les secondes sont tendres, moelleuses, proportionnellement moins riches en cellulose (35%) et en lignine (5%). Le pouvoir absorbant d'eau des fibres tendres est sept fois supérieur à celui des fibres dures.One of the problems faced by those skilled in the art was the heterogeneity of the components within the same plant tissue, and has a fortiori between two different fabrics. Indeed, in a whole plant of type cereals, the fibers are very different in nature depending on the parts of the plant, both by their composition and by their form. So the straw fibers wheat or the outer part of the stalks and leaves of corn are fibers long, rich in cellulose (40-45% dry matter), relatively woody (15% of dry matter), the rest being hemicelluloses, of xylanic structure. Corn bran fibers or wheat bran (seed husk) are very different, since they are short, elastic, much richer in hemicelluloses (up to 60% of the fiber dry matter versus 15% cellulose and 8% lignin). Through elsewhere, these hemicelluloses are of arabinoxylan type, clearly more substituted as the stem xylans, and have properties thickeners and gelling agents in solution in water, or even properties film-forming. The fibers of the external part of the corn cob (hard part) are very different from those of the internal or central part (soft part or marrow). The former are very hard, proportionally rich in cellulose (47%) and lignin (7%) and less in hemicelluloses (37%), then that the seconds are tender, fluffy, proportionately less rich in cellulose (35%) and lignin (5%). The water absorbency of soft fiber is seven times that of hard fiber.
La demanderesse a résolu le problème de l'hétérogénéité des composants en traitant dans des conditions spécifiques la plante entière. The Applicant has solved the problem of the heterogeneity of components by treating the whole plant under specific conditions.
La présente invention a donc pour objet un procédé de préparation
d'un matériau à base de matière végétale issue d'au moins une plante
céréalière entière comprenant les étapes suivantes:
Si le taux d'humidité résiduelle des fragments obtenus à l'issue de l'étape a) est trop important, lesdits fragments peuvent être séchés jusqu'à atteindre une humidité résiduelle comprise entre environ 5 et 20%. Un tel traitement peut se révéler nécessaire en particulier dans le cas où la matière végétale est du maïs.If the residual moisture content of the fragments obtained after step a) is too large, said fragments can be dried until reach a residual humidity of between 5 and 20%. Such treatment may be necessary especially in the case where the material vegetable is corn.
On entend, en particulier, par partie aérienne de la plante, les tiges, feuilles, rafles, grains, spathes, mais aussi toute autre partie aérienne pouvant exister, en fonction des espèces et variétés végétales.We mean, in particular, by aerial part of the plant, the stems, leaves, stems, grains, spathes, but also any other aerial part may exist, depending on the species and plant varieties.
La matière végétale doit être issue d'au moins une plante céréalière. Elle peut néanmoins aussi comprendre de la matière issue d'une ou plusieurs plantes non-céréalières.The plant material must come from at least one plant cereal. However, it can also include material from a or several non-cereal plants.
Le découpage des parties non aériennes de la plante n'est pas particulièrement souhaité dans le cadre de ce procédé, mais la présence de faibles quantités de ces parties non aériennes, ne remet pas en cause la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The cutting of the non-aerial parts of the plant is not particularly desired in the context of this process, but the presence of small quantities of these non-aerial parts, does not affect the implementation of this process.
Les plantes céréalières pouvant être utilisées pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, peuvent être toutes plantes céréalières dont les grains contiennent une quantité suffisante d'amidon, de préférence au moins 20% d'amidon en poids de la plante entière. En particulier elles peuvent être le maïs, le blé dur, le blé tendre, le sorgho, l'avoine, le seigle et le riz.Cereal plants that can be used for setting work of this process, can be all cereal plants whose grains contain a sufficient amount of starch, preferably at least 20% starch by weight of the whole plant. In particular, they can be corn, durum wheat, common wheat, sorghum, oats, rye and rice.
L'un des avantages du présent procédé réside dans le fait qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de procéder à la séparation des différentes parties de la plante, par exemple la séparation des feuilles et de la tige, afin de le mettre en oeuvre. Ainsi, l'étape de découpage en fragments des parties aériennes peut être effectuée directement au moment de la récolte de la plante, dans le champ.One of the advantages of the present process resides in the fact that it it is not necessary to separate the different parts of the plant, for example the separation of the leaves and the stem, in order to enforce. Thus, the step of cutting into fragments the parts aerial can be performed directly at the time of harvesting the plant, in the field.
L'invention peut néanmoins être mise en oeuvre en utilisant soit l'ensemble des parties aériennes de la plante préalablement isolées, soit une fraction substantielle de ces parties aériennes isolées. On entend par fraction substantielle au moins 80% en poids des parties aériennes de la plante. Elle peut aussi être mise en oeuvre en utilisant des parties aériennes de plantes appartenant à des variétés, ou des espèces différentes.The invention can nevertheless be implemented using either all the aerial parts of the plant previously isolated, i.e. a substantial fraction of these isolated aerial parts. We hear by substantial fraction at least 80% by weight of the aerial parts of the plant. It can also be implemented using aerial parts of plants belonging to varieties, or different species.
A titre d'illustration, il est possible de mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon la présente invention en utilisant, à titre de parties aériennes, de la paille de blé et des grains de blé.By way of illustration, it is possible to implement the method according to the present invention using, as aerial parts, the wheat straw and wheat grains.
En outre, de faibles quantités d'additifs peuvent être ajoutées à l'une quelconque des étapes du procédé, si nécessaire.In addition, small amounts of additives can be added to any of the process steps, if necessary.
De manière avantageuse, les parties aériennes de la plante sont découpées en fragments présentant une longueur moyenne comprise entre environ 0,5 et 10 cm, et encore plus préférentiellement entre 2 et 8 cm.Advantageously, the aerial parts of the plant are cut into fragments with an average length of between about 0.5 and 10 cm, and even more preferably between 2 and 8 cm.
Ce découpage peut être effectué par toute méthode connue de l'homme du métier aboutissant à des fragments de cette taille.This cutting can be carried out by any known method of those skilled in the art leading to fragments of this size.
Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre préférentiel de l'invention, les fragments sont séchés dans l'étape b) jusqu'à atteindre une humidité résiduelle comprise entre environ 7 et 13%.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fragments are dried in step b) until humidity is reached residual between about 7 and 13%.
Cette étape est avantageusement mise en oeuvre à l'aide d'un sécheur rotatif, par exemple à une température de 950°C durant quelques minutes. Néanmoins, cette étape peut aussi être effectuée par tout autre procédé de séchage connu de l'homme du métier.This step is advantageously carried out using a rotary dryer, for example at a temperature of 950 ° C for a few minutes. However, this step can also be carried out by any other drying process known to those skilled in the art.
L'étape b) de broyage ou de cisaillement est mise en oeuvre préférentiellement jusqu'à l'obtention de granulats présentant une longueur moyenne comprise entre environ 0,5 et 1 mm. Dans le cas du maïs, une fraction de la partie dure de la rafle, inférieure à environ 10% en poids de la plante entière, peut être éliminée.Step b) of grinding or shearing is carried out preferably until aggregates with a length are obtained average between about 0.5 and 1 mm. In the case of corn, a fraction of the hard part of the cob, less than about 10% by weight of the whole plant, can be eliminated.
La taille des granulats est mesurée par passage des granulats à travers des tamis présentant des mailles de diamètres décroissants. A titre d'exemple, des granulats présentant une taille comprise entre 0,5 et 1 mm passent au travers des mailles de 1mm de diamètre mais ne passent pas à travers des mailles ayant un diamètre de 0,5 mm. The size of the aggregates is measured by passing the aggregates to through sieves with meshes of decreasing diameters. As for example, aggregates having a size of between 0.5 and 1 mm pass through 1mm diameter mesh but do not pass through through meshes with a diameter of 0.5 mm.
La répartition des granulats obtenus à l'issue de cette étape est avantageusement la suivante:
- entre environ 5 et 50% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille inférieure à environ 0,25 mm,
- entre environ 5 et 40% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 0,25 et 0,5 mm,
- entre environ 15 et 60% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 0,5 et 1 mm.
- entre environ 1 et 10% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1 et 1,25 mm,
- entre environ 0,5 et 7% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,25 et 1,4,
- entre environ 1 et 10% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,4 et 1,7 mm,
- entre environ 0,1 et 10% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,7 et 2,36 mm, et
- entre environ 0 et 10% en poids de la matière sèche de granulats ayant une taille supérieure à environ 2,36 mm.
- between approximately 5 and 50% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size less than approximately 0.25 mm,
- between approximately 5 and 40% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between approximately 0.25 and 0.5 mm,
- between about 15 and 60% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between about 0.5 and 1 mm.
- between approximately 1 and 10% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1 and 1.25 mm,
- between approximately 0.5 and 7% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.25 and 1.4,
- between approximately 1 and 10% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.4 and 1.7 mm,
- between approximately 0.1 and 10% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.7 and 2.36 mm, and
- between about 0 and 10% by weight of the dry matter of aggregates having a size greater than about 2.36 mm.
L'étape b) de broyage ou de cisaillement est préférentiellement mise en oeuvre à l'aide d'un broyeur à marteau équipé de grilles présentant des diamètres de maille adaptés.Stage b) of grinding or shearing is preferably implementation using a hammer mill equipped with grids having suitable mesh diameters.
Elle peut être néanmoins mise en oeuvre à l'aide de tout autre dispositif connu de l'homme du métier et aboutissant à des résultats équivalents.However, it can be implemented using any other device known to those skilled in the art and leading to results equivalent.
Les granulats issus de l'étape b) de broyage ou de cisaillement peuvent être mis immédiatement en forme, par toute méthode connue de l'homme du métier mettant en oeuvre le garnissage d'un moule et le formage de la pièce sous l'effet de la température et de la pression, en particulier par moulage dans une presse à injecter.The aggregates from step b) of grinding or shearing can be immediately shaped, by any known method of a person skilled in the art using the filling of a mold and forming of the part under the effect of temperature and pressure, in particular by molding in an injection molding machine.
Ces granulats peuvent néanmoins, après broyage ou cisaillement et ajustement de la teneur en eau, être préalablement à l'étape de mise en forme, soumis à une étape d'extrusion, afin de diminuer le rapport volume/masse des granulats.These aggregates can nevertheless, after grinding or shearing and adjustment of the water content, be prior to the setting stage shape, subjected to an extrusion step, in order to decrease the ratio volume / mass of aggregates.
Cette étape d'extrusion est avantageusement mise en oeuvre dans un extrudeur bi-vis, dont les profils de vis et de température sont adaptés par l'homme du métier, en fonction des granulats à traiter, et du résultat souhaité. Les granulats issus de cette étape d'extrusion peuvent alors être mis en forme, comme indiqué précédemment, dans une presse à injecter.This extrusion step is advantageously carried out in a twin-screw extruder, whose screw and temperature profiles are adapted by the skilled person, depending on the aggregates to be treated, and the result wish. The aggregates from this extrusion step can then be shaped, as indicated previously, in an injection molding machine.
Les produits finaux, ainsi que les produits intermédiaires de ce procédé constituent d'autres objets de la présente invention.The final products, as well as the intermediate products of this process constitute other objects of the present invention.
Ainsi , la présente invention est relative à un granulat de matière végétale présentant la répartition granulométrique suivante, les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids par rapport à la matière sèche.
- entre environ 5 et 50% de granulats ayant une taille supérieure à 0,25 mm,
- entre environ 5 et 40% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 0,25 et 0,5 mm,
- entre environ 15 et 60% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 0,5 et 1 mm.
- entre environ 1 et 10% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1 et 1,25 mm,
- entre environ 0,5 et 7% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,25 et 1,4,
- entre environ 1 et 10% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,4 et 1,7 mm,
- entre environ 1 et 10% de granulats ayant une taille comprise entre environ 1,7 et 2,36 mm, et
- entre environ 1 et 10% de granulats ayant une taille supérieure à environ 2,36 mm.
- between approximately 5 and 50% of aggregates having a size greater than 0.25 mm,
- between approximately 5 and 40% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 0.25 and 0.5 mm,
- between approximately 15 and 60% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 0.5 and 1 mm.
- between approximately 1 and 10% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1 and 1.25 mm,
- between approximately 0.5 and 7% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.25 and 1.4,
- between approximately 1 and 10% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.4 and 1.7 mm,
- between approximately 1 and 10% of aggregates having a size of between approximately 1.7 and 2.36 mm, and
- between approximately 1 and 10% of aggregates having a size greater than approximately 2.36 mm.
De manière avantageuse, de tels granulats présentent les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids par rapport à la matière sèche:
- entre environ 20% et 60% d'amidon,
- entre environ 3 et 20% de protéines,
- entre environ 15 et 60% de cellulose, d'hémicellulose, et de lignine,
- entre environ 1 et 15% de lipides et ,
- entre environ 0,01 et 10% de sucres.
- between about 20% and 60% starch,
- between about 3 and 20% protein,
- between about 15 and 60% cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin,
- between about 1 and 15% of lipids and,
- between about 0.01 and 10% of sugars.
Ces granulats, ayant éventuellement subi une extrusion, présentent un comportement comparable à celui d'un matériau thermoplastique, c'est-à-dire que sous l'effet de la température, ils peuvent passer d'une phase solide à une phase pâteuse fondue, et de ce fait être injectés dans un moule puis se solidifier au cours du refroidissement. La fusion de ces granulats peut être obtenue dans une vis de plastification du même type que celles mises en oeuvre pour les matières plastiques synthétiques, comme le polyéthylène, le polypropylène et le polystyrène.These aggregates, possibly having undergone an extrusion, have behavior comparable to that of a thermoplastic material, i.e. that under the effect of temperature, they can pass from a solid phase to a molten pasty phase, and therefore be injected into a mold then solidify during cooling. The fusion of these aggregates can be obtained in a plasticizing screw of the same type as those put in works for synthetic plastics, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene.
Les produits finaux, c'est-à-dire après mise en forme, sont donc constitués des granules solidarisés par fusion des matériaux fusibles contenus dans les parties aériennes des plantes. Ces matériaux présentent des propriétés tant physicochimiques que mécaniques les distinguant de ceux déjà décrits dans l'état de la technique.The final products, i.e. after shaping, are therefore made up of granules joined by fusion of fusible materials contained in the aerial parts of plants. These materials present both physicochemical and mechanical properties distinguishing them from those already described in the state of the art.
En outre, ces produits finaux sont biodégradables, écocompatibles, et recyclables par compostage ou par combustion.In addition, these end products are biodegradable, eco-compatible, and recyclable by composting or by combustion.
La présente invention a encore pour objet un matériau à base de matière végétale présentant une résistance à la traction, mesurée selon la norme internationale ISO 527, d'au moins 10 N/mm2, et préférentiellement d'au moins 15 N/mm2, et un module de traction d'au moins 1500 N/mm2.The present invention also relates to a material based on plant material having a tensile strength, measured according to international standard ISO 527, of at least 10 N / mm 2 , and preferably of at least 15 N / mm 2 , and a tensile modulus of at least 1500 N / mm 2 .
Des matériaux selon la présente invention peuvent présenter une résistance à la flexion, mesurée comme décrit dans la norme NF EN 310, d'au moins 20N/mm2 et préférentiellement d'au moins 25 N/mm2 et un module de flexion d'au moins 1500 N/mm2.Materials according to the present invention may have a flexural strength, measured as described in standard NF EN 310, of at least 20N / mm 2 and preferably of at least 25 N / mm 2 and a flexural modulus of at least 1500 N / mm 2 .
De tels matériaux présentent la composition suivante, les pourcentages étant exprimés en poids de la matière sèche,
- entre environ 20% et 60% d'amidon,
- entre environ 3 et 20% de protéines,
- entre environ 15 et 60% de cellulose, d'hémicellulose, et de lignine,
- entre environ 1 et 15% de lipides et ,
- entre environ 0,01 et 10% de sucres.
- between about 20% and 60% starch,
- between about 3 and 20% protein,
- between about 15 and 60% cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin,
- between about 1 and 15% of lipids and,
- between about 0.01 and 10% of sugars.
Ils peuvent être utilisés comme emballage, ou pour la fabrication de dispositifs de calage ou encore pour la fabrication de garnitures de bord de véhicules automobiles. Ils peuvent présenter des formes creuses ou pleines, ou encore être profilés. Ces matériaux présentent des propriétés d'ouvrabilité, en ce que ils sont sciables, clouables, perçables et usinables au tour. En outre, leur surface est lisse, non friable, et dépourvue de poussière. Ces matériaux sont collables et compatibles avec les traitements de surface. Ils présentent en particulier une bonne compatibilité avec les vernis et les peintures.They can be used as packaging, or for the manufacture of wedging devices or also for the manufacture of edge trim motor vehicles. They can have hollow or solid shapes, or be profiled. These materials have properties workability, in that they are sawable, nailable, drilled and machinable around. In addition, their surface is smooth, non-friable, and devoid of dust. These materials are stickable and compatible with treatments of surface. In particular, they exhibit good compatibility with varnishes and paints.
La présente invention est illustrée sans pour autant être limitée par les exemples qui suivent.The present invention is illustrated without however being limited by the following examples.
La figure illustre schématiquement les étapes du procédé objet de la présente invention.The figure schematically illustrates the steps of the process which is the subject of the present invention.
Des plantes entières de maïs de variété Cécilia, ont été récoltées
au champ au mois d'octobre, puis ont été découpées grossièrement (de 1 à
5 cm). La composition de la matière végétale ainsi obtenue est la suivante:
La matière est séchée dans un sécheur rotatif (déshydrateur: température de l'air en entrée du sécheur: 950°C, temps de séjour: 3 à 8 min.) jusqu'à une humidité résiduelle de 7 à 13%. Elle est ensuite broyée dans un broyeur à marteau équipé de deux grilles de 4 et 6 mm de diamètre de maille.The material is dried in a rotary dryer (dehydrator: air temperature at the inlet of the dryer: 950 ° C, residence time: 3 to 8 min.) up to a residual humidity of 7 to 13%. It is then ground in a hammer mill equipped with two grids of 4 and 6 mm in diameter of mesh.
La répartition granulométrique obtenue est la suivante (4,3 %> 2,36mm; 5,1% entre 2,36 et 1,7 mm; 4,3% entre 1,7 et 1,4mm; 3% entre 1,4 et 1,25 mm; 5,5% entre 1,25 et 1 mm; 31,9% entre 1 et 0,5 mm; 22,2% entre 0,5 et 0,25 mm et 23,6% inférieur à 0,25 mm).The particle size distribution obtained is as follows (4.3%> 2.36mm; 5.1% between 2.36 and 1.7 mm; 4.3% between 1.7 and 1.4mm; 3% between 1.4 and 1.25 mm; 5.5% between 1.25 and 1 mm; 31.9% between 1 and 0.5 mm; 22.2% between 0.5 and 0.25 mm and 23.6% less than 0.25 mm).
La matière broyée et séchée est mélangée avec de l'eau dans un malaxeur planétaire de façon à obtenir un mélange homogène à un taux d'hydratation global (Masse d'eau/Masse totale de matière humide) de 20%. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est mis en forme dans une presse à injecter (température de la chambre d'injection 150°C, température du moule 40°C, pression limite 70 bars, durée de cycle 35 s).The ground and dried material is mixed with water in a planetary mixer so as to obtain a homogeneous mixture at a rate of overall hydration (Mass of water / Total mass of wet matter) of 20%. The mixture thus obtained is shaped in an injection press (injection chamber temperature 150 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, pressure limit 70 bar, cycle time 35 s).
L'objet mis en forme présente:
- une résistance mécanique en traction caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 2 365 ± 340 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 13N/mm2, pour une vitesse de déplacement des mors de 5 mm/min.,
- et une résistance mécanique en flexion caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 2511 ± 230 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 26 ± 3,6 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement de 0,1 mm/s.
- a mechanical tensile strength characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 2 365 ± 340 N / mm 2 and a maximum breaking force of 13N / mm 2 , for a speed of movement of the jaws of 5 mm / min.,
- and a mechanical resistance in bending characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 2511 ± 230 N / mm 2 and a maximum force at break of 26 ± 3.6 N / mm 2 for a displacement speed of 0.1 mm / s .
Le test de résistance mécanique à la traction est réalisé selon la norme internationale ISO 527. Les éprouvettes utilisées sont de type 1A et la vitesse de déplacement des mors est de 5 mm/min. (essai de traction ISO 527/1A/5).The mechanical tensile strength test is carried out according to the international standard ISO 527. The test pieces used are of type 1A and the movement speed of the jaws is 5 mm / min. (ISO tensile test 527 / 1A / 5).
Le test de résistance mécanique à la flexion est un test trois points comme décrit dans la norme NF EN 310. Il est réalisé sur des éprouvettes de forme rectangulaire ayant les dimensions suivantes: longueur 60 mm, largeur 10 mm, épaisseur 4 mm. La vitesse de déplacement du couteau cylindrique est de 6 mm/min. La distance entre les appuis est de 50 mm.The flexural strength test is a three-point test as described in standard NF EN 310. It is carried out on test pieces rectangular in shape with the following dimensions: length 60 mm, width 10 mm, thickness 4 mm. The speed of movement of the knife cylindrical is 6 mm / min. The distance between the supports is 50 mm.
Ces tests sont utilisés à l'identique dans les exemples 2 à 4.These tests are used identically in Examples 2 to 4.
L'exemple 1 est répété jusqu'à l'étape de broyage puis la matière est extrudée dans un extrudeur bi-vis CLEXTRAL, découpé en sept zones.Example 1 is repeated until the grinding stage then the material is extruded in a CLEXTRAL twin-screw extruder, cut into seven zones.
Le profil de vis et le profil de température sont les suivants:
Le pas correspondant aux vis est indiqué en mm sous chaque élément. Un élément mesure 50 mm ou 100 mm.The pitch corresponding to the screws is indicated in mm under each element. One element measures 50 mm or 100 mm.
La teneur en eau de la matière est fixée à 20% par introduction d'eau en zone 2 de l'extrudeur. Le débit de matière sèche est de 27,9 kg/h, la vitesse des vis est de 210 tr/min. L'extrusion se fait sans plaque de tête (pas de filière), le temps de séjour moyen est de 40 secondes.The water content of the material is fixed at 20% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder. The dry matter flow rate is 27.9 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm. Extrusion is done without head plate (no industry), the average residence time is 40 seconds.
L'extrudat obtenu a une humidité résiduelle de 19%. Il est mis en forme dans une presse à injecter (température de la chambre d'injection 150°C, température du moule 40°C, pression limite d'injection 40 bars, durée du cycle 35 secondes).The extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 19%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 150 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, injection limit pressure 40 bar, duration 35 second cycle).
L'objet mis en forme présente:
- une résistance mécanique en traction caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 2780 ± 360 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 16,52 ± 2,7 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement des mors de 5 mm/min,
- et une résistance mécanique en flexion caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 2830 ± 215 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 35,2 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement de 0,1 mm/s.
- a mechanical tensile strength characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 2780 ± 360 N / mm 2 and a maximum breaking force of 16.52 ± 2.7 N / mm 2 for a speed of movement of the jaws of 5 mm / min,
- and a mechanical resistance in bending characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 2830 ± 215 N / mm 2 and a maximum force at break of 35.2 N / mm 2 for a displacement speed of 0.1 mm / s.
La matière première est le maïs plante entière de variété Cécilia (les conditions de récolte et la composition sont décrites dans l'exemple 1).The raw material is the whole plant corn Cécilia variety (the harvesting conditions and the composition are described in Example 1).
La matière est séchée dans un sécheur rotatif (déshydrateur: température de l'air en entrée: 950°C, temps de séjour : 3 à 8 min.), jusqu'à une humidité résiduelle de 7 à 13%. Elle est ensuite broyée dans un broyeur à marteau équipé d'une grille de 2 mm de diamètre de maille.The material is dried in a rotary dryer (dehydrator: inlet air temperature: 950 ° C, residence time: 3 to 8 min.), up to a residual humidity of 7 to 13%. It is then ground in a grinder hammer fitted with a grid of 2 mm mesh diameter.
La répartition granulométrique obtenue est la suivante (0% > 2,36 mm; 0,6% entre 2,36 et 1,7 mm; 1,3% entre 1,7 et 1,4 mm; 1,6% entre 1,4 et 1,25 mm; 3,5% entre 1,25 et 1 mm; 27,8% entre 1 et 0,5 mm; 27,5% entre 0,5 et 0,25mm et 37,7% inférieur à 0,25 mm).The particle size distribution obtained is as follows (0%> 2.36 mm; 0.6% between 2.36 and 1.7 mm; 1.3% between 1.7 and 1.4 mm; 1.6% between 1.4 and 1.25 mm; 3.5% between 1.25 and 1 mm; 27.8% between 1 and 0.5 mm; 27.5% between 0.5 and 0.25mm and 37.7% less than 0.25mm).
La matière est extrudée dans un extrudeur bi-vis CLEXTRAL. Le
profil de vis et le profil de température sont les suivants:
La teneur en eau de la matière est fixée à 25% par introduction d'eau en zone 2 de l'extrudeur. Le débit de matière sèche est de 28,3 kg/h, la vitesse des vis est de 210 tr/min. L'extrusion se fait sans plaque de tête (pas de filière), le temps de séjour moyen est de 50 secondes.The water content of the material is fixed at 25% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder. The dry matter flow rate is 28.3 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm. Extrusion is done without head plate (no industry), the average residence time is 50 seconds.
L'extrudat obtenu a une humidité résiduelle de 17,4% . Il est mis en forme dans une presse à injecter (température de la chambre d'injection 135°C, température du moule 40°C, pression limite d'injection 150 bars, durée du cycle 15 secondes).The extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 17.4%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 135 ° C, mold temperature 40 ° C, injection pressure limit 150 bar, cycle time 15 seconds).
L'objet mis en forme présente:
- une résistance mécanique en traction caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 3152 ± 412 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 25,8 ± 3,2 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement des mors de 5 mm/min.,
- et une résistance mécanique en flexion caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 3428 ± 142 N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 43,4 ± 2,8 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement de 0,1 mm/s.
- a mechanical tensile strength characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 3152 ± 412 N / mm 2 and a maximum breaking force of 25.8 ± 3.2 N / mm 2 for a speed of movement of the jaws of 5 mm / min.,
- and a mechanical resistance in bending characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 3428 ± 142 N / mm 2 and a maximum force at break of 43.4 ± 2.8 N / mm 2 for a displacement speed of 0.1 mm / s.
L'absorption en eau après une immersion de l'objet une heure à température ambiante est de 40%. Le temps de rupture de l'objet soumis à une traction statique (24 Newtons) en immersion est de 5 heures.Water absorption after immersion of the object for one hour at ambient temperature is 40%. The breaking time of the object subjected to a static traction (24 Newtons) in immersion is 5 hours.
La matière première est du blé plante entière récolté et découpée de telle sorte que la paille ait une granulométrie inférieure à 5 mm et que les grains soient entiers.The raw material is whole plant wheat harvested and cut so that the straw has a grain size of less than 5 mm and the whole grains.
Sa composition est la suivante:
La matière est extrudée dans un extrudeur bi-vis CLEXTRAL. Le
profil de vis et le profil de température sont les suivants:
La teneur en eau de la matière est fixée à 25% par introduction d'eau en zone 2 de l'extrudeur. Le débit de matière sèche est de 40,5 kg/h, la vitesse des vis est de 210 tr/min. L'extrusion se fait sans plaque de tête (pas de filière).The water content of the material is fixed at 25% by introduction of water in zone 2 of the extruder. The dry matter flow rate is 40.5 kg / h, the screw speed is 210 rpm. Extrusion is done without head plate (no sector).
L'extrudat obtenu a une humidité résiduelle de 14,2%. Il est mis en forme dans une presse à injecter (température de la chambre d'injection 127°C; température moule 30°C, pression limite d'injection 150 bars, durée du cycle 15 secondes).The extrudate obtained has a residual humidity of 14.2%. He is put in form in an injection molding machine (temperature of the injection chamber 127 ° C; mold temperature 30 ° C, injection pressure limit 150 bar, duration 15 second cycle).
L'objet mis en forme présente:
- une résistance mécanique en traction caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 3411 ± 224N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 29.1 ± 1,6N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement des mors de 5 mm/min.,
- et une résistance mécanique en flexion caractérisée par un module d'élasticité de 4027 ± 586N/mm2 et une force maximale à la rupture de 60,1 ± 4,1 N/mm2 pour une vitesse de déplacement de 0,1 mm/s.
- a mechanical tensile strength characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 3411 ± 224N / mm 2 and a maximum breaking force of 29.1 ± 1.6N / mm 2 for a speed of movement of the jaws of 5 mm / min.,
- and a mechanical resistance in bending characterized by a modulus of elasticity of 4027 ± 586N / mm 2 and a maximum force at break of 60.1 ± 4.1 N / mm 2 for a displacement speed of 0.1 mm / s.
L'absorption en eau après une immersion de l'objet une heure à température ambiante est de 46%. Le temps de rupture de l'objet soumis à une traction statique (24 Newtons) en immersion est de 9 heures.Water absorption after immersion of the object for one hour at ambient temperature is 46%. The breaking time of the object subjected to a static traction (24 Newtons) in immersion is 9 hours.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9811966 | 1998-09-24 | ||
FR9811966A FR2783740B1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1998-09-24 | MATERIAL BASED ON PLANT MATERIAL FROM CEREAL PLANTS AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SAME |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0989228A1 true EP0989228A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
Family
ID=9530810
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99402274A Withdrawn EP0989228A1 (en) | 1998-09-24 | 1999-09-16 | Vegetable material from cereal plants and process for making the same |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6207196B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0989228A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2783740B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2005017251A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-24 | Stefan Grass | Method for the production of fiberboards made of moist biomass |
FR2902286B1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-08-08 | Raymond Et Cie Soc En Commandi | DEVICE FOR FIXING AND MAINTAINING A PLANT CLIMBING ALONG A WIRE |
FR2947205B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2013-07-26 | Vegeplast | BIODEGRADABLE MULTILAYER MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SUCH MATERIAL |
CA2990727A1 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-05 | Diffussence | Capsule for preparing a beverage, manufacturing method and implementation method |
FR3038304B1 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-11-08 | Diffussence | CAPSULE FOR PREPARING A BEVERAGE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND PROCESS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME |
FR3068337B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2021-01-29 | Vegeplast | BIODEGRADABLE PACKAGING, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND ITS USES |
DE102022121490A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2024-03-07 | Krones Aktiengesellschaft | Fiber material for making a container, method for making a container using the fiber material and container comprising the fiber material |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937168A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Juchem Gmbh | Prodn. of biodegradable food packaging material - from cellulosic and starchy vegetable prods. and proteinaceous animal prods. |
DE9312985U1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1993-11-18 | Prohadi Produktions-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsges. mbH, 02959 Groß Düben | Straw flour |
WO1995015252A1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-08 | Bio-Sunn Corporation | Processing lignocellulosic agricultural residue |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3771294A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1973-11-13 | Ronning Eng Co Inc | Negative pressure feeder-separator in closed loop product grind and discharging system |
-
1998
- 1998-09-24 FR FR9811966A patent/FR2783740B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-16 EP EP99402274A patent/EP0989228A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-24 US US09/405,166 patent/US6207196B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937168A1 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-16 | Juchem Gmbh | Prodn. of biodegradable food packaging material - from cellulosic and starchy vegetable prods. and proteinaceous animal prods. |
DE9312985U1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1993-11-18 | Prohadi Produktions-, Handels- und Dienstleistungsges. mbH, 02959 Groß Düben | Straw flour |
WO1995015252A1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-08 | Bio-Sunn Corporation | Processing lignocellulosic agricultural residue |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
H.L. BAUMGARTEN (HRSG.): "Grundprozesse der Papierherstellung-Mahlung", 31 December 1994, PTS VERLAG, MUNICH * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6207196B1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
FR2783740A1 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
FR2783740B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
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