EP0986739A1 - Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant - Google Patents

Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant

Info

Publication number
EP0986739A1
EP0986739A1 EP99917901A EP99917901A EP0986739A1 EP 0986739 A1 EP0986739 A1 EP 0986739A1 EP 99917901 A EP99917901 A EP 99917901A EP 99917901 A EP99917901 A EP 99917901A EP 0986739 A1 EP0986739 A1 EP 0986739A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe section
axis
pipe
sensor
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99917901A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Drahm
Alfred Rieder
Alfred Wenger
Ole Koudal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Priority to EP99917901A priority Critical patent/EP0986739A1/fr
Publication of EP0986739A1 publication Critical patent/EP0986739A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
    • G01F1/8413—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details means for influencing the flowmeter's motional or vibrational behaviour, e.g., conduit support or fixing means, or conduit attachments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
    • G01F1/8413—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details means for influencing the flowmeter's motional or vibrational behaviour, e.g., conduit support or fixing means, or conduit attachments
    • G01F1/8418—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details means for influencing the flowmeter's motional or vibrational behaviour, e.g., conduit support or fixing means, or conduit attachments motion or vibration balancing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
    • G01F1/8422—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details exciters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
    • G01F1/849—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having straight measuring conduits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
    • G01F1/849—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having straight measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8495—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having straight measuring conduits with multiple measuring conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method operating according to the Coriolis principle and corresponding sensors for measuring the mass flow of a fluid which flows in a pipeline which is already permanently installed on site or in at least one measuring tube to be inserted into a pipeline.
  • Mass flow meters of corresponding mass flow meters which are common today, are manufactured as measuring devices which are only installed by the end user at the intended measuring location in a pipeline there.
  • an exciter arrangement is fixed approximately in the middle of half of the tube section
  • a first and a second motion sensor are fixed at a distance from one another in the vicinity of the center of the tube section
  • An electronic evaluation unit generates a signal representing the mass flow rate from the amplitude of the single sensor signal generated by the motion sensor or from the amplitude of the sensor signals generated by the two motion sensors.
  • the arrangement described above requires a further sensor which is attached to one of the fixing points in order to suppress disturbances originating from the pipeline and thus to achieve sufficient measurement accuracy.
  • a general object of the invention is therefore to improve and refine the clamp-on design principle of Coriolis mass flow meters in such a way that the most accurate measurement results are obtained.
  • This general task includes, firstly, that the amplitude of the sensor signals is not evaluated, secondly, that there are always two spaced sensors, and thirdly, that the length of the measuring section or of the oscillating pipe section is precisely dimensioned and specified. This means that a section of the pipeline is too Configure and specify that it can serve and act as a measuring section.
  • Another object is to transfer the solution principle underlying the invention for already existing and permanently installed pipes to conventional built-in Coriolis mass flow sensors, that is to say to make them usable in an independently manufactured device which is only to be installed in a pipe as a finished mass flow sensor.
  • a first variant of the method consists in a method for measuring the mass flow of fluids which works according to the Coriolis principle, one of which flows at least temporarily in a pipeline which is already permanently installed on site or in a single measuring tube to be inserted into a pipeline, wherein
  • a first and a second decoupling body with identical masses at a distance L from each other, which are at least five times the mass of the pipe section, are fixed on the pipeline or on the measuring pipe to define a measuring section forming a pipe section,
  • distance L 5.5 to 2 1/2 (27rf) - 1/2 ⁇ e (r 4 a - r ⁇ ⁇ 4 + d p) ⁇ -1/4 , -
  • r a is the outside diameter of the pipe section
  • r ⁇ the inside diameter of the pipe section
  • E the modulus of elasticity of the material of the pipe section
  • d M is the product of the density of the material of the
  • Each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first and a second acceleration sensor are fixed on the pipe section or on the measuring tube, where at
  • a bending of the pipe section occurring as a result of a disturbance originating from the pipeline has a first or a second zero point, - a phase shift or a time difference between a first sensor signal emitted by the first acceleration sensor and a second sensor signal emitted by the second acceleration sensor is determined and
  • a second method variant consists of a method for measuring the mass flow of fluids, which works according to the Coriolis principle, one of which is at least temporarily installed in one that is already permanently installed on site Pipe or flows in a single measuring tube to be inserted into a pipe, wherein
  • a first and a second decoupling body with identical masses at a distance L from each other, which are at least five times the mass of the pipe section, are fixed on the pipeline or on the measuring pipe to define a measuring section forming a pipe section,
  • L 5,5.2 half (27rf) _1 / 2 ⁇ E (r 4 a - 4 r i) / (d M + dp) ⁇ ". 1/4. ,
  • Pipe section, d M the product of the density of the material of the pipe section and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe section and d the product of the average density of the
  • Each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first sensor carrier on the inlet side is fixed on the first decoupling body
  • a longitudinal axis runs parallel to the axis of the tube section or the measuring tube, a second sensor carrier on the outlet side is fixed to the second decoupling body,
  • a first displacement or speed sensor or a second displacement or speed sensor are fixed on the first or on the second sensor carrier where, when excited in the third oscillation mode, a bending of the first or second sensor carrier that occurs as a result of a disturbance from the pipeline occurs has a first or a second zero,
  • a phase shift or a time difference between a first sensor signal emitted by the first sensor and a second sensor signal emitted by the second sensor is determined and a signal proportional to the mass flow is generated therefrom.
  • a third variant of the method consists in a method for measuring the mass flow of fluids, which works according to the Coriolis principle, one of which flows at least temporarily in a first and in a second measuring tube,
  • r a is the outside diameter of the pipe sections
  • r ⁇ the inside diameter of the pipe sections
  • E the modulus of elasticity of the material of the pipe sections
  • d M the product of the density of the material of the pipe sections and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe sections
  • d p the product of the middle Density of the fluids and the cross-sectional area of the clear
  • a first displacement or speed sensor or a second displacement or speed sensor is fixed between the pipe sections where, when excited in the third vibration mode, a bending of the pipe sections occurring as a result of a disturbance originating from the pipeline has a first or a second zero point,
  • a phase shift or a time difference between a first sensor signal emitted by the first sensor and a second sensor signal emitted by the second sensor is determined and
  • the first and the second decoupling body are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that the first decoupling body consists of a first fixing piece, a first intermediate piece, a second intermediate piece, a first end cuboid and a second end cuboid,
  • That the second decoupling body consists of a second fixing piece, a third intermediate piece, a fourth intermediate piece, a third end cuboid and a fourth end cuboid,
  • a straight measuring tube is used.
  • a measuring tube with a tube section bent in the first plane is used.
  • a measuring tube with a tube section bent in the second plane is used.
  • an electrodynamic exciter with seismic mass is used as the exciter arrangement.
  • a first variant of the invention consists in a Coriolis mass flow sensor, which is formed from a pipeline that is already permanently installed on site and in which a fluid flows at least temporarily
  • a first and a second decoupling body with identical masses are fixed to the pipeline to define a measuring section forming a pipe section from the outside at a predetermined distance L which is at least five times the mass of the pipe section,
  • Pipe section and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe section and p mean the product of the average density of the fluids and the cross-sectional area of the inside width of the pipe section,
  • Each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first and a second acceleration sensor are fixed on the pipe section where, when excited in the third
  • Vibration mode a bending of the pipe section occurring as a result of a disturbance originating from the pipeline has a first or a second zero point.
  • a second variant of the invention consists in a Coriolis mass flow sensor, which is formed from a pipeline that is already permanently installed on site and in which a fluid flows at least temporarily
  • a first and a second decoupling body with identical masses are fixed from the outside at a predetermined distance L, which is at least five times as large as the mass of the pipe section, - in the middle of the pipe section Exciter arrangement is fixed,
  • Pipe section, d M the product of the density of the material of the pipe section and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe section and d p the product of the average density of the fluids and the cross-sectional area of the inside diameter of the pipe section,
  • decoupling bodies - each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first sensor carrier on the inlet side is fixed to the first decoupling body
  • An outlet-side second sensor carrier is fixed on the second decoupling body
  • a longitudinal axis runs parallel to the axis of the pipe section, and - A first displacement or speed sensor or a second displacement or speed sensor there on the first
  • a third variant of the invention consists of a Coriolis mass flow sensor, which is to be inserted into a pipeline at least temporarily through which a fluid flows, with a single measuring tube,
  • L 5,5.2 half (2 ⁇ rf) - 1/2 ⁇ e (r 4 a - 4 r i) / (d M + d p) ⁇ -.. 1/4,
  • r a is the outside diameter of the pipe section
  • r ⁇ the inside diameter of the pipe section
  • E the modulus of elasticity of the material of the pipe section
  • d M is the product of the density of the material of the
  • Pipe section and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe section and dp mean the product of the average density of the fluids and the cross-sectional area of the inside width of the pipe section,
  • each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first and a second acceleration sensor are fixed on the pipe section where, when excited in the third
  • Vibration mode a bending of the pipe section occurring as a result of a disturbance originating from the pipeline has a first or a second zero point.
  • a fourth variant of the invention consists in a Coriolis mass flow sensor, which is to be inserted into a pipeline through which fluid is at least temporarily flowing, with a single measuring tube,
  • Each has a first axis lying in the first plane, a second axis perpendicular thereto, identical to the axis of the pipe section, and a third axis perpendicular to the first and second axes, and
  • a first sensor carrier on the inlet side is fixed to the first decoupling body
  • a longitudinal axis runs parallel to the axis of the measuring tube, a second sensor carrier on the outlet side is fixed to the second decoupling body,
  • a longitudinal axis runs parallel to the axis of the measuring tube
  • a first displacement or speed sensor or a second displacement or speed sensor is fixed on the first or on the second sensor carrier where, when excited in the third vibration mode, a bending of the first or second sensor carrier that occurs as a result of a disturbance from the pipeline occurs has a first or a second zero.
  • the decoupling bodies are dimensioned and arranged so that - the first decoupling body consists of
  • That the second decoupling body consists of a second fixing piece, a third intermediate piece, a fourth intermediate piece, a third end cuboid and a fourth end cuboid,
  • the measuring tube is straight.
  • the measuring tube between the decoupling bodies is bent in the first plane.
  • the measuring tube between the decoupling bodies is bent in the second plane.
  • the exciter arrangement is an electrodynamic exciter with a seismic mass.
  • a fifth variant of the invention consists of a Coriolis mass flow sensor, which is to be inserted into a pipeline through which a fluid flows at least temporarily, with a first and a second measuring tube, which run parallel to one another,
  • a first and a second clamping body with identical masses are clamped onto the measuring tubes from the outside at a predetermined distance L from one another and - to which at least one exciter arrangement is fixed in the middle of the tube sections,
  • Pipe sections, d M mean the product of the density of the material of the pipe sections and the cross-sectional area of the wall of the pipe sections and p the product of the average density of the fluids and the cross-sectional area of the inside width of the pipe sections, and - a first displacement or speed sensor or a second distance or speed sensor there to the
  • Pipe sections is fixed where, when excited in the third vibration mode, a bending of the pipe sections occurring as a result of a disturbance from the pipeline has a first or a second zero point.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to use the two decoupling bodies or the two clamping bodies to define a pipe section or pipe sections on the pipeline or on the measuring tube or the measuring tubes which practically only sets the vibrations required for the Coriolis measuring principle can and can be and to which the vibrations are thus limited.
  • the decoupling bodies or the clamping bodies are mechanically connected to one another exclusively via the pipe section.
  • An essential advantage of the invention is that the pipe section of the pipeline to be vibrated can be freely selected in terms of its spatial / spatial position and its length between two fastening points already predetermined by the installation of the pipeline.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the transfer of the solution features found for clamp-on mass flow meters to built-in mass flow sensors leads to the fact that these can be produced with simpler means; the decoupling bodies or clamping bodies on the measuring tube or on the measuring tubes only need, e.g. to be clamped by means of screws.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically and in a partially sectioned longitudinal view, as a first embodiment, a clamp-on Coriolis mass flow sensor according to the first variant of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows the top view belonging to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows the side view belonging to FIG. 1
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically and in partially sectioned
  • 18th 5 shows the top view belonging to FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 5 shows the side view belonging to FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 shows in perspective, as a third exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a clamp-on Coriolis mass flow sensor according to a second variant of the invention or of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single straight measuring tube according to the fourth variant of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a top view and a partial section of a section from FIG. 7,
  • FIG. 9 shows, in perspective as a fourth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single pipe section bent in the plane of vibration in accordance with the fourth variant of the invention
  • FIG. 10 shows in perspective, as a fifth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single one bent perpendicular to the plane of vibration
  • FIG. 11 shows in perspective, as a sixth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis
  • 19 12 shows, in perspective as the seventh exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with two parallel curved measuring tubes,
  • FIG. 13 shows schematically and in a partially sectioned longitudinal view a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor encased by a housing in accordance with one of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 10,
  • FIG. 14 shows schematically and in a partially sectioned longitudinal view a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor encased by a housing in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 11 or FIG. 12,
  • FIG. 17 shows, partly in section, the structure of an electrodynamic exciter with a seismic mass.
  • Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal view
  • Fig. 2 in the associated top view
  • Fig. 3 in the associated side view schematically and partially in section as a first embodiment of a Coriolis mass flow sensor
  • the first variant is used to measure the mass flow of fluids, of which one flows at least temporarily in a pipeline 1 that is already permanently installed on site. This variant is therefore a clamp-on Coriolis flowmeter.
  • the fixed installation of the pipeline 1 is in Fig. 1 by two fixing devices 2, 3, such as two pipe clamps or the like, illustrated, with which the pipeline 1 has been fixed on or on a building wall or on a frame, etc.
  • the fixing devices 2, 3 can also be components of a pipe system, such as e.g. are valves, pumps, splitters etc., act in or on which the pipeline 1 has been fixed.
  • Fig. 4 shows in longitudinal view, Fig. 5 in the associated top view and Fig. 6 in the associated side view schematically and partially in section as a second embodiment of a Coriolis mass flow sensor according to a third variant of the invention, as it was created by using the second method variant.
  • This variant is used to measure the mass flow of fluids, one of which flows at least temporarily in a pipeline, not shown, into which the third variant of the Coriolis mass flow sensor can be installed after its production. So this variant is a built-in Coriolis flowmeter. This installation takes place e.g. by means of a first and a second flange 6, 7, in each of which one end of a measuring tube 10 is fixed.
  • a pipe section 11 with respect to its length L has been defined as a measuring section on the pipeline 1 or on the measuring pipe 10. To do this, use the following formula:
  • a first and a second decoupling body 4, 4 'and 5, 5', each of which has the same mass as the other, are at a predetermined mutual distance, which is equal to the length L, from the outside of the pipeline 1 and Pipe section 1 'has been fixed.
  • the mass of each decoupling body 4, 5 or 4 ', 5' is at least five times the mass of the pipe section 11.
  • the decoupling bodies 4 ', 5' of the third variant of the invention differ from the above-described arrangements in which the oscillating tube section 11 is fixed in an inner support tube or in a support frame or on a plate, cf. EP-A 803 713 and US-A 57 05 754.
  • Fig. 1 is indicated by bores in the decoupling bodies 4, 5 that these expediently consist of two parts, so that they can be clamped onto the pipeline 1 by means of screws 23, 24, cf. Fig. 3.
  • the decoupling bodies 4 ', 5' can be formed in one piece and fixed on the pipe section 11, for example by welding, soldering or hard soldering.
  • an excitation arrangement 12 has been attached in the middle of the pipe section 11, which excites the pipe section 11 to vibrate in a third oscillation mode in a first plane, which contains an axis of the pipe section 11, which is illustrated by the double arrow shown. 1 and 4, this level is the drawing level.
  • the third mode of vibration is the vibration of the pipe section 11, in which only two vibration nodes and three antinodes occur simultaneously between the decoupling bodies 4, 5 or 4 ', 5'.
  • the third vibration mode is comparable to the second harmonic of a vibrating string.
  • the second vibration mode described in US-A 53 21 991 and used by it is the vibration of the pipe section in which only a single vibration node and two antinodes occur simultaneously between its clamping points.
  • the second vibration mode is comparable to the first harmonic of a string.
  • the third vibration mode has approximately five times the frequency of the first vibration mode, which is the basic vibration mode. This has a single antinode and a first oscillation node on the first and a second oscillation node on the second decoupling body.
  • Each decoupling body 4, 5 or 4 ', 5' has three spatial axes which, for the sake of simplicity, are only shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • a respective first axis 4 ⁇ or 5 ⁇ lies in the plane of the vibrations and runs parallel to their direction of deflection corresponding to the double arrow mentioned.
  • a second axis 4 y or 5 y perpendicular to the first axes 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ is identical to the axis of the pipe section 11.
  • a respective third axis 4 Z or 5 Z is perpendicular to the first axis 4 ⁇ or 5 ⁇ and to the second axis 4 y or 5 y , ie to the axis of the pipe section 11.
  • the axes 4 ⁇ , 4 y ; 5 ⁇ , 5 y can be seen in FIG. 1 and lie in the plane of the drawing.
  • the axes 4 y , 4 Z ; 5 y , 5 Z can be seen in FIG. 2 and lie in the plane of the drawing.
  • the axes 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 4 Z , 5 Z can be seen in FIG. 3 and lie in their plane of drawing, where the axes 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ and 4 Z , 5 Z overlap.
  • Each decoupling body 4, 5 or 4 ', 5' is dimensioned with respect to its geometric shape and dimensions so that it has an area moment of inertia about its first axis 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ that is at least one order of magnitude smaller than its area moment of inertia about its third axis 4 Z , 5 Z is. Therefore, in the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2, the decoupling bodies 4, 5 and 4 ', 5' are narrow and high cuboids.
  • a first and a second sensor element 13 or 14 has been fixed in the vibration plane on the pipe section 11 where, in the case of the excitation explained above in the third vibration mode, a bending of the pipe section 11 occurring as a result of a disturbance originating from the pipeline 1 results in a first or a second Has zero.
  • the position of these zeros on the pipe section 11 can easily be determined empirically: the zeros lie when the exciter arrangement 12 is fixed in the middle of the pipe section 11, at the same distance from the decoupling body 4 or 5; in the case of a homogeneous measuring tube, this distance is equal to 0.21 the length of the tube section.
  • the respective location of the zeros is not correlated with the respective location of the vibration nodes of the third vibration mode, ie these locations are independent of one another.
  • the sensor elements 13, 14 are acceleration sensors in FIGS. 1 and 4, which need only be attached to the pipe section 11. However, this use of acceleration sensors is not mandatory, cf. below the explanations of FIGS. 7 to 16 with the displacement or speed sensors there.
  • a displacement sensor generates a sinusoidal sensor signal, the phase shift of which is zero relative to the sinusoidal movement of the pipe section 11 caused by the excitation arrangement 12.
  • a speed sensor generates a sinusoidal sensor signal whose phase shift relative to the sinusoidal movement of the tube section 11 caused by the excitation arrangement 12 is equal to 90 °.
  • An acceleration sensor generates a sinusoidal sensor signal whose phase shift relative to the sinusoidal movement of the tube section 11 caused by the excitation arrangement 12 is 180 °.
  • 25th form a signal representing the mass flow rate with very good accuracy between the sinusoidal signals of the sensor elements 13, 14 or from the mutual temporal spacing of these sinusoidal signals, that is to say from a time difference, by means of conventional evaluation electronics.
  • a fault originating from the pipeline 1 causes the decoupling bodies 4, 5 to be rotated about the third axis 4 Z or 5 Z in the plane of vibration.
  • the tube section 11 is bent by this twisting in such a way that the mentioned first and the mentioned second zero occur; the position of these two zeros on the pipe section 11 is independent of the degree of rotation of the decoupling bodies 4, 5.
  • the sensor elements 13, 14 are attached to these zero points, they do not pick up any signal components originating from disturbances in the vibration plane and emit undisturbed sensor signals. Since the sensor elements 13, 14 practically only record movements in the vibration plane, deflections of the pipe section in planes other than the vibration planes have no influence on the measurement signals.
  • the electronic generation of a signal representing the mass flow by evaluating the mentioned phase shift can e.g. by means of a circuit as described in US-A 56 48 616. However, other circuit arrangements are also suitable, e.g. the circuits contained in US-A 49 14 956.
  • FIG. 7 shows, as a third exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a clamp-on Coriolis mass flow sensor according to a second variant of the invention or of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single straight pipe section according to a fourth variant of the
  • a first distance or speed sensor 13 'or a second distance or speed sensor 14' are provided as sensor elements. Electrodynamic sensor elements are particularly suitable for this. Since distance or speed sensors require a spatial fixed point, against which a part of the sensor is movable, a first sensor carrier 15 on the inlet side is fixed to the decoupling body 4, a longitudinal axis of which runs parallel to the axis of the pipe section 11. On the decoupling body 5, an outlet-side second sensor carrier 16 is fixed in the same way, one of which
  • the part of the sensor 13 'or 14' to be fixed on the pipe section 11 is fastened to the above-mentioned zero point of the bending caused by the fault.
  • the other part of the sensor 13 'or 14' is fixed to the sensor carrier 15 or 16.
  • This, in particular its length and / or its cross section, is dimensioned such that when the pipe section 11 is excited in the third vibration mode, a bending of the sensor carrier 15 or 16 occurring at the fastening point of the sensor 13 'or 16 as a result of a fault originating from the pipe 1 14 'has a first and a second zero. This dimensioning can easily be determined by tests.
  • the decoupling bodies 4, 5 have a preferred spatial shape.
  • the decoupling body 4 consists of a first fixing piece 40, a first intermediate piece 41, a second intermediate piece 42, a first end cuboid 43 and a second end cuboid 44. Although the second intermediate piece in FIG. 7 is covered by the fixing piece 40 and therefore cannot be seen
  • the decoupling body 5 consists of a second fixing piece 50, a third intermediate piece 51, a fourth intermediate piece 52, a third end cuboid 53 and a fourth end cuboid 54.
  • the intermediate piece 52 corresponding to the intermediate piece 42 can be clearly seen.
  • a respective longitudinal axis of the four end blocks 43, 44, 53, 54 runs parallel to the axis of the pipe section 11.
  • the longitudinal axes of the end blocks 43, 44 and the axis of the pipe section 11 lie in a second plane perpendicular to the plane of vibration (the plane of vibration is the one defined above) first floor).
  • the longitudinal axes of the end cuboids 53, 54 and the axis of the pipe section 11 lie in the second plane.
  • the intermediate pieces 41, 42, 51, 52 have a substantially smaller cross section than the associated end cuboid 43, 44, 53, 54.
  • the fixing pieces 40, 50 are fastened to the pipeline 1 or to the measuring tube 10.
  • the fixing pieces are preferably designed such that they are clamped on the pipeline or on the measuring tube by tightening the associated screws 20, cf. 15 and 16.
  • the fixing pieces do not merge seamlessly into the end pieces, but there is a respective groove on the top and bottom between the fixing piece and the respective end piece. These grooves prevent vibrations from occurring in levels other than the vibration level, so ensure that the pipe section vibrates practically exclusively in the latter.
  • FIG. 8 shows a top view and a partial section of a section from FIG. 7, namely schematically the shape of an electrodynamic sensor element 13 ′′ with the two functional parts mentioned above.
  • the part fixed to the sensor carrier 15 is a coil 151, into which a part on the pipe section 11 or measuring tube attached permanent magnet 152, which penetrates more or less deeply into the coil 131 due to the vibration-related tube movement and thus induces a voltage therein.
  • the sensor 13 ' is an electrodynamic sensor
  • the sensor 14' is also an electrodynamic sensor.
  • FIG 9 shows, as a fourth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single pipe section 11 ′ bent in the plane of vibration in accordance with the fourth variant of the invention.
  • the plane of vibration in FIG. 9 is the plane which contains the axis of the measuring tube 10 ', the longitudinal axes of the sensor carriers 15, 16 and the axis of the tube section 11'; this is also bent, but follows the course of the pipe bend and lies in the plane of vibration; the vibrations caused by the excitation arrangement 12 'are indicated by the double arrow.
  • FIG. 10 as a fifth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with a single pipe section 11 ′′ bent perpendicular to the plane of vibration are shown in perspective in accordance with the fourth variant of the invention.
  • a first plane is determined by the axis of the measuring tube 10 ′′ and the longitudinal axes of the sensor carriers 15, 16.
  • the tube section 11 ′′ is not in this plane, but in a second plane perpendicular thereto Curved plane, which also contains the longitudinal axes of the end cuboids 43, 44, 53, 54.
  • the axis of the pipe section is therefore also bent here.
  • this usually consists of a suitable metal, in particular of titanium, zirconium or stainless steel.
  • FIG. 11 shows, as a sixth exemplary embodiment, essential parts of a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor with two parallel straight measuring tubes 101, 102 in accordance with a fifth variant of the invention.
  • pipe sections 111, 112 are not located between decoupling bodies, but between clamping bodies 4 ", 5".
  • the respective axis of the measuring tubes 101, 102 is again in the first plane, which is the vibration plane and in which a line of symmetry common to both measuring tubes also runs.
  • the measuring tubes 101, 102 have the same inside and outside diameters and the same wall thickness and consist of the same material, in particular titanium, zirconium or stainless steel.
  • the clamp body 4 ", 5" with identical masses again define the length of the pipe sections 111, 112 via the distance L according to the formula given above and are clamped onto the measuring pipes 101, 102 from the outside, which can be done, for example, by a mutual screw connection, which but is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • an exciter arrangement 12 ' is fixed, which causes the tube sections to vibrate in opposition to one another
  • Vibration mode excited in the first level with a frequency f which is approximately between 500 Hz and 1000 Hz in pipe sections filled with the fluids.
  • the exciter arrangement 12 is usually an electrodynamic exciter, which consists of two parts which are movable relative to one another. These can e.g. be arranged between the two pipe sections 111, 112, so that both parts of the exciter for generating the vibrations either move towards or away from each other. In this case, only a single pathogen is required.
  • a first displacement or speed sensor 131 'or a second displacement or speed sensor 141' is fixed to a first or second fastening point of the pipe section 111 or 112, where, when excited in the third vibration mode, a disturbance originating from the pipeline
  • the sensors 131 ', 141' in turn consist of two parts that are movable relative to one another, be arranged between the two pipe sections 111, 112 so that both parts of the sensors either move towards or away from one another as a result of the vibrations.
  • the curved axis of the measuring tube 101 ' lies in one plane and the curved axis of the measuring tube 102' lies in a plane parallel to this plane. There is a symmetry level between these two levels.
  • the measuring tubes 101 ', 102' have the same inside and outside diameters and the same wall thickness and are made of the same material, especially titanium, zirconium or stainless steel.
  • the clamping bodies 4, 5 with identical masses again define the length of the tube sections 111 '112' via the distance L in accordance with the formula given above and are clamped onto the measuring tubes 101 ', 102' from the outside, which can be done, for example, by a mutual screw connection, which, however, is not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • an exciter arrangement 12 is fixed, which causes the pipe sections to vibrate in opposition to one another
  • Vibration mode excited with a frequency f which is approximately between 500 Hz and 1000 Hz in pipe sections filled with the fluids.
  • the tube sections 111 ', 112' each carry out a torsional vibration.
  • the axis of rotation of the torsional vibration of the tube section 111 ' is a straight line which connects the intersection points of the axis of the tube section 111' through the mutually facing surfaces of the clamping bodies 4, 5.
  • the axis of rotation of the torsional vibration of the tube section 112 ' is a straight line which connects the points of intersection of the axis of the tube section 112' through the mutually facing surfaces of the clamping bodies 4, 5.
  • the excitation arrangement 12 "exerts a force on the pipe sections 111 ', 112' from the rest position, which force is directed perpendicular to the plane of symmetry mentioned.
  • the exciter arrangement 12 is also preferably an electrodynamic exciter, which consists of two parts which are movable relative to one another. These can be arranged, for example, between the two tube sections 111 ', 112', so that
  • both parts of the exciter either move towards or away from each other to generate the vibrations. In this case, only a single pathogen is required.
  • a first displacement or speed sensor 131 ′′ or a second displacement or speed sensor 141 ′′ is fixed at a first or second fastening point of the pipe section 111 ′ or 112 ′ where, when excited in the third vibration mode, one resulting from a pipe Interference occurring bending of the pipe sections has a first or a second zero.
  • the sensors 131 ", 141" again consist of two parts that can move against each other, they can e.g. be arranged between the two pipe sections 111 ', 112' so that both parts of the sensors either move towards or away from one another as a result of the vibrations.
  • FIG. 13 a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor according to one of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 10 is shown schematically and in a partially sectioned longitudinal view.
  • the housing 17 can have the shape of a carrier tube 171, which is closed at its ends by a respective end plate 172 or 173, in which the measuring tube 10 is fixed. Outside the end plates 172, 173, the connection to the pipeline is carried out in the usual way. Since there are several for this
  • An electronics housing 19 is attached to the housing 17 via a connecting piece 18, in which a conventional operating, drive, evaluation and display electronics is accommodated.
  • FIG. 14 shows schematically and in a partially sectioned longitudinal view a built-in Coriolis mass flow sensor encased by a housing 17 ′ in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 11 or 12.
  • the housing 17 ' has the shape of a carrier tube 171', which is closed at its ends by a respective end cap 174 or 175, to which a flange 176 or 177 is molded in each case.
  • the two measuring tubes 101, 102 are connected to the end cap 174 or 175 and the flange 176 or 177 via a respective distributor piece 178 or 179.
  • the flanges 176, 177 are used to connect to the pipeline in the usual way.
  • distributor pieces 178, 179 are shown in the form of a funnel in FIG. 13, that is to say with a continuous transition from the two measuring tubes 101, 102 to the nominal diameter of the pipeline,
  • An electronics housing 19 ' is attached to the housing 17' via a connecting piece 18 'and accommodates conventional operating, drive, evaluation and display electronics.
  • FIG. 15 shows a section of FIG. 13 with the housing rigidly fixed in the direction of the measuring tube 10 to the measuring tube 10, as was briefly mentioned above. 15, four screws 20 can first be seen, which, as mentioned, serve to clamp the fixing piece 40 on the measuring tube 10 from the outside.
  • the rigid fixation of the end plate 172 and measuring tube 10 is usually achieved by soldering, brazing or welding and is mostly used when the measuring tube is made of zirconium or titanium, the housing 17 is made of stainless steel, cf. the indicated weld seams.
  • the rigid fixation mentioned is possible with titanium or zirconium because the thermal length change of each of these two materials is small compared to stainless steel. With rigid fixation, a temperature difference of up to 200 ° C between a titanium or zirconium measuring tube and a stainless steel housing can be permitted.
  • FIG. 16 shows another section of FIG. 13 with the housing 17 being fixed to the measuring tube 10 in the direction of the measuring tube.
  • the measuring tube 10 and the measuring tube 10 are fixed to the measuring tube 10 in the direction of the measuring tube.
  • the housing 17 made of stainless steel. Because of the thermal expansion coefficient of stainless steel, which is about twice as large as that of titanium or zirconium, and because of the mechanical strength of stainless steel, which is only half as great as that of titanium or zirconium, the permissible temperature difference would be greater if a stainless steel measuring tube was rigidly fixed to a stainless steel. Reduce the housing to about a quarter of the above value, i.e. to about 50 ° C. Such a flow sensor would not be marketable.
  • FIG. 17 the structure of an electrodynamic exciter 120 with seismic mass 121 is shown partially in section, as is preferably used in the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 10.
  • the exciter 120 comprises a first and a second clamping jaw 121, 122, with which the exciter 120 is clamped on the measuring tube 10. This clamping is achieved by means of bolts 123, 124 and associated nuts.
  • a magnetic cup 125 with a central permanent magnet 126 is attached to the side of the clamping jaw 121 facing away from the measuring tube. This plunges into a coil 127, which is fixed on one side of a first spring plate 128.
  • the seismic mass 130 is fixed on the one hand on the other side of the spring plate 128 and on the other hand to a second spring plate 129.
  • the spring plates 128, 129 are also on the
  • Down-tuning means that the exciter 120 has a mechanical resonance frequency which is less than a third of the frequency f of the respective tube section in the third vibration mode. Although such a dimensioning results in an optimal exciter efficiency, the exciter is a source of low frequencies, which can adversely affect the overall vibration behavior of the Coriolis flowmeter.
  • Up-tuning means that the exciter 120 has a mechanical resonance frequency which is greater than 1.5 times the frequency f of the pipe section in the third vibration mode.
  • the exciter efficiency is not optimal, but it is acceptable, the problem of low frequencies does not arise, and the overall structure of the exciter becomes more compact than with deep tuning.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent procédé sert à transposer le principe d'un montage du type à pinces à un débitmètre et à un capteur de mesure de débit-masse Coriolis. Sur un conduit tubulaire (1) ou sur un tube de mesure (1', 10, 10', 10''), un premier et un deuxième éléments de découplage (4, 5; 4', 5') de masses identiques sont fixés, de l'extérieur, à une distance L l'un de l'autre, en vue de définir un parcours de mesure formant un tronçon de tube (11; 11'; 11''). Ces masses sont sensiblement supérieures à la masse du tronçon de tube. Pour deux tubes de mesure, on utilise deux pièces de serrage (11, 112; 11', 112'). Au milieu du tronçon de tube, il est prévu un dispositif d'excitation (12) donnant naissance à des oscillations d'un troisième mode d'oscillation de fréquence f comprise entre 500 Hz et 1000 Hz. La distance L est calculée suivant la formule ci-après: L = 5,5 . 21/2 . (2πf)?-1/2 . {E(r4¿a - r4i)/(dM + dF)}-1/4, (où r¿a?, ri = respectivement, diamètre extérieur, diamètre intérieur du tronçon de tube, E = module d'élasticité du tronçon de tube, dM densité du matériau du tronçon de tube multipliée par l'aire de la section, dF = densité moyenne du fluide multipliée par l'aire de la section du diamètre intérieur du tronçon de tube). Deux éléments détecteurs (13, 14) sont fixés au tronçon de tube en des emplacements où, par excitation en troisième mode d'oscillation, une déformation du tronçon de tube intervenant à la suite d'une perturbation provenant du conduit tubulaire, présente une première ou une deuxième position zéro.
EP99917901A 1998-04-03 1999-03-29 Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant Withdrawn EP0986739A1 (fr)

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EP99917901A EP0986739A1 (fr) 1998-04-03 1999-03-29 Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant

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EP98106146 1998-04-03
EP98106146 1998-04-03
PCT/EP1999/002134 WO1999051946A1 (fr) 1998-04-03 1999-03-29 Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant
EP99917901A EP0986739A1 (fr) 1998-04-03 1999-03-29 Procede de mesure de debit-masse et capteur correspondant

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JP2000513454A (ja) 2000-10-10
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CN1263596A (zh) 2000-08-16
WO1999051946A1 (fr) 1999-10-14
CN1192214C (zh) 2005-03-09

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