EP0985822B1 - Method for starting an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for starting an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0985822B1
EP0985822B1 EP99115463A EP99115463A EP0985822B1 EP 0985822 B1 EP0985822 B1 EP 0985822B1 EP 99115463 A EP99115463 A EP 99115463A EP 99115463 A EP99115463 A EP 99115463A EP 0985822 B1 EP0985822 B1 EP 0985822B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
starting
combustion engine
internal combustion
crankshaft
revolutions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99115463A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0985822A1 (en
Inventor
Bertil Riksen
Franz Rosskopf
Jens Kriese
Steffen Lutz
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP0985822A1 publication Critical patent/EP0985822A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/022—Engine speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/02—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the engine
    • F02N2200/023—Engine temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/061—Battery state of charge [SOC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
    • F02N2300/102—Control of the starter motor speed; Control of the engine speed during cranking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
    • F02N2300/104—Control of the starter motor torque

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • JP-56081256 describes an automatic starting method for diesel engines described, in which a starter is turned off when a certain Engine speed is exceeded. A previously set to the maximum value Injection is then returned to the idle value.
  • the object of the present invention is a method for starting an internal combustion engine in the sense of an improved start strategy, where the necessary electrical starting energy is reduced, the starting time is shortened, the starting safety increased and the raw emissions can be reduced. This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.
  • a starting device for starting the internal combustion engine at which the starting speed can be controlled or regulated to a specific one Maximum start speed set.
  • the start maximum speed (short: maximum speed) is preferably dependent on vehicle operation and / or Internal combustion engine parameters selected. Due to the defined starting speed, a Synchronization of the control units, the drive train and the first lighting of the internal combustion engine. This saves electrical starting energy. About that This also allows the parameters for ignition and mixture preparation be set specifically to the predetermined speed. The result is one much more precise adjustment than possible with conventional starting devices the setting with the starting speed is not in the required manner can be coordinated.
  • the measure according to the invention can be used therefore significantly reduce the raw emissions in the start-up phase.
  • the starter can start the engine support when starting up to a designated starting end speed so that a safe starting - even with a cold start - is always guaranteed.
  • crankshaft is set to a positive angular value for the start.
  • this setting for example the approach to a synchronization mark, can the synchronization time at the subsequent start be reduced approximately by up to one revolution. This also contributes to Improve the energy balance of the starter battery.
  • the twisting of the Crankshaft in this positive starting position can both be straight upcoming start, even cheaper but during or after the parking Internal combustion engine happen. In the latter case, the energy expenditure for the Rotation or stopping of the crankshaft due to the still warm engine on the least.
  • One of the key points of the present invention is the regulation of the starter (Starter) to a predefined starting speed.
  • Start speed set step 10
  • Engine oil temperature, cooling water temperature and battery status are queried.
  • Step 14 checks whether the engine has already ignited.
  • step 12 If this is not the case (no), the process branches back to step 12 and the starter further acted upon with the optimal engine torque.
  • step 14 If, however, the condition in step 14 is met, the motor in step 16 is in spite of the Ignition is given a torque that further supports the starting process. This measure ensures, for example, that the Motors sure.
  • step 20 it is checked whether the starting speed has been reached. If this is not the case, then the process branches back to step 16. If the test in step 20 is positive, the method is ended in step 22.
  • crankshaft in one for the subsequent start optimal synchronization position is brought. This will 2 in a document 30 the crankshaft position detected and in one Step 32 compared whether this short wave position with a synchronization position matches.
  • crankshaft is rotated in step 34. This process repeats itself until the crankshaft is in a predetermined position located. This position serves to improve the energy balance when starting.
  • the method can be implemented in that the crankshaft through the starting device targeting a gap in a crankshaft sensor wheel, for example is approached and stopped at a synchronization mark.
  • a control device 50 takes the various vehicle operating and internal combustion engine input parameters. Furthermore, a starter signal from the ignition lock is also sent to the control device 50 issued. The control device 50 calculates based on the Input parameters the maximum speed to be defined and causes the starter 52 to rotate at this particular speed.
  • the starter 52 receives its Energy from a battery 56 and is, for example, in the form of a crankshaft starter generator educated. These starter generator assemblies feature about the possibility of speed control. Any other is alternate Start system can be used if it has sufficient starting power and can influence their operation.
  • the starter drives it Internal combustion engine 54 so that it can be ignited successfully.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Ignition Timing (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Herkömmliche Startanlagen bzw. Anlasser sind für marktübliche Kaltstartgrenztemperaturen ausgelegt. Unter definierten Randparametern, beispielsweise der Ölviskosität, des Batteriezustandes, des Spannungsabfalls, der Kompressionsgüte, etc., stellt sich bei definierter Kaltstartgrenztemperatur eine bestimmte Startdrehzahl ein. Bei anderen Starttemperaturen und anderen oder undefinierten Randparametern ist die Startdrehzahl im wesentlichen dem Zufall überlassen. Dadurch ergeben sich zufällige Startergebnisse, beispielsweise beim Energiebedarf, bei den Startzeiten, bei der Startsicherheit und bei der Abgas-Rohemission.Conventional starting systems or starters are for standard ones Cold start limit temperatures designed. Under defined boundary parameters, for example the oil viscosity, the battery condition, the voltage drop, the Compression quality, etc., arises at a defined cold start limit temperature certain starting speed. At different start temperatures and other or undefined boundary parameters, the starting speed is essentially random left. This results in random starting results, for example at Energy requirements, starting times, starting security and raw exhaust gas emissions.

Etwaige Maßnahmen mit Steuerelektroniken dienen herkömmlicherweise der Erhöhung der Betriebssicherheit und der Verminderung des Anlassergeräusches.Any measures with control electronics are conventionally used for the increase operational safety and a reduction in starter noise.

Aus der US 5,713,320 das als nächtliegender Stand der Technik angesehen wird, ist ein Verbrennungsmotor und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben bekannt. Um bei einem Verbrennungsmotor mit wenigen Zylindern einen sicheren Motorstart auch mit kleineren Anlassern durchführen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, die Kurbelwelle bis zu einem Kompressionstakt zurückzudrehen und dann einen Startermotor mit vollem Startmoment zu betreiben. Durch die beschleunigende Wirkung über einen maximalen Zeitraum bis zum nächsten Kompressionstakt ist es möglich, den Widerstand eines Kompressionstaktes auch mit kleineren Startermotoren zu überwinden. Der Hochlauf des Startmotors ist jedoch wiederum von den Randbedingungen abhängig.From US 5,713,320, which is considered to be the closest prior art, an internal combustion engine and a method for operation the same known. In order for a combustion engine with a few cylinders to be able to carry out a safe engine start even with smaller starters proposed to turn the crankshaft back to a compression stroke and then operate a starter motor with full starting torque. Through the accelerating effect over a maximum period until the next Compression clock, it is possible, the resistance of a compression clock as well overcome with smaller starter motors. The startup of the start motor is however again dependent on the boundary conditions.

In der JP-56081256 ist ein automatisches Startverfahren für Dieselmotoren beschrieben, bei dem ein Starter dann abgestellt wird, wenn eine bestimmte Motordrehzahl überschritten ist. Eine vorher auf den Maximalwert eingestellte Einspritzung wird dann auf den Leerlaufwert zurückgeführt.JP-56081256 describes an automatic starting method for diesel engines described, in which a starter is turned off when a certain Engine speed is exceeded. A previously set to the maximum value Injection is then returned to the idle value.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, ein Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors im Sinne einer verbesserten Startstrategie anzugeben, bei dem die notwendige elektrische Startenergie vermindert, die Startzeit verkürzt, die Startsicherheit erhöht und die Rohemissionen verringert werden können. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.The object of the present invention is a method for starting an internal combustion engine in the sense of an improved start strategy, where the necessary electrical starting energy is reduced, the starting time is shortened, the starting safety increased and the raw emissions can be reduced. This object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1.

Demgemäß wird bei einer Starteinrichtung zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors, bei der die Startdrehzahl steuer- oder regelbar ist, auf eine bestimmte Starthöchstdrehzahl eingeregelt. Die Starthöchstdrehzahl (kurz: Höchstdrehzahl) wird vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von Fahrzeugbetriebs- und/oder Verbrennungsmotorparameter gewählt. Durch die definierte Startdrehzahl kann eine Synchronisation der Steuergeräte, des Antriebsstrangs und der ersten Befeuerung des Verbrennungsmotors erfolgen. Dies spart elektrische Startenergie ein. Darüber hinaus können dadurch die Parameter für die Zündung und Gemischaufbereitung gezielt auf die vorbestimmte Drehzahl eingestellt werden. Im Ergebnis ist damit eine viel genauere Einstellung als bei herkömmlichen Anlaßvorrichtungen möglich, bei der die Einstellung mit der Startdrehzahl nicht in der erforderlichen Weise abgestimmt werden kann. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Maßnahme lassen sich daher die Rohemissionen in der Startphase deutlich verringern. Accordingly, in a starting device for starting the internal combustion engine, at which the starting speed can be controlled or regulated to a specific one Maximum start speed set. The start maximum speed (short: maximum speed) is preferably dependent on vehicle operation and / or Internal combustion engine parameters selected. Due to the defined starting speed, a Synchronization of the control units, the drive train and the first lighting of the internal combustion engine. This saves electrical starting energy. About that This also allows the parameters for ignition and mixture preparation be set specifically to the predetermined speed. The result is one much more precise adjustment than possible with conventional starting devices the setting with the starting speed is not in the required manner can be coordinated. The measure according to the invention can be used therefore significantly reduce the raw emissions in the start-up phase.

Um eine gute Energiebilanz zu erreichen, erfolgt das Hochbeschleunigen auf die definierte Startdrehzahl mit einem für die Startmaschine und den Verbrennungsmotor optimalen Moment. Dies spart nochmals elektrische Startenergie ein. Darüber hinaus kann die Starteinrichtung den Hochlauf des Motors beim Starten bis auf eine vorgesehene Startendedrehzahl unterstützen, so daß ein sicheres Anspringen - auch beim Kaltstart - immer gewährleistet ist.In order to achieve a good energy balance, accelerate to the defined starting speed with one for the starting machine and the Internal combustion engine optimal moment. This saves electrical energy again Start energy. In addition, the starter can start the engine support when starting up to a designated starting end speed so that a safe starting - even with a cold start - is always guaranteed.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gegeben, daß die Kurbelwelle auf einen für den Start positiven Winkelwert eingestellt wird. Durch diese Einstellung, beispielsweise das Heranfahren an eine Synchronisationsmarke, kann die Synchronisationszeit beim nachfolgenden Start näherungsweise um bis zu einer Umdrehung verringert werden. Auch dies trägt zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz der Startbatterie bei. Die Verdrehung der Kurbelwelle in diese positive Startstellung kann sowohl vor einem gerade anstehenden Start, noch günstiger aber während oder nach dem Abstellen des Verbrennungsmotors geschehen. Bei letzterem Fall ist der Energieaufwand für die Drehung bzw. das Abstoppen der Kurbelwelle infolge des noch warmen Motors am geringsten. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is given by that the crankshaft is set to a positive angular value for the start. With this setting, for example the approach to a synchronization mark, can the synchronization time at the subsequent start be reduced approximately by up to one revolution. This also contributes to Improve the energy balance of the starter battery. The twisting of the Crankshaft in this positive starting position can both be straight upcoming start, even cheaper but during or after the parking Internal combustion engine happen. In the latter case, the energy expenditure for the Rotation or stopping of the crankshaft due to the still warm engine on the least.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen zeigen in

Figur 1
ein Ablaufdiagramm für ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors,
Figur 2
ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm für die Einstellung der Kurbelwelle auf einen für den nachfolgenden Start günstigen Winkelwert und
Figur 3
eine einfache schematische Schaltskizze, mit der sich das vorliegende Verfahren realisieren läßt.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in
Figure 1
1 shows a flowchart for a method according to the invention for starting an internal combustion engine,
Figure 2
a schematic flow diagram for the setting of the crankshaft to an angle value favorable for the subsequent start and
Figure 3
a simple schematic circuit diagram with which the present method can be implemented.

Einer der Kernpunkte der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Einregelung des Starters (Anlassers) auf eine vordefinierte Startdrehzahl. Ein solches Verfahren ist ablaufmäßig in Figur 1 dargestellt. Beim Startvorgang wird zunächst aufgrund von verschiedenen Fahrzeugbetriebs- oder Verbrennungsmotorparameter eine Startdrehzahl festgelegt (Schritt 10). Vorliegend werden dazu die Motoröltemperatur, die Kühlwassertemperatur und der Batteriezustand abgefragt. Es ist jedoch alternativ auch möglich, andere Fahrzeugbetriebs- oder Verbrennungsmotorparameter zur Bestimmung der Höchstdrehzahl für den Startbetrieb zu verwenden.One of the key points of the present invention is the regulation of the starter (Starter) to a predefined starting speed. Such a procedure is operationally shown in Figure 1. When starting, the first is due to various vehicle operating or internal combustion engine parameters Start speed set (step 10). In this case, the Engine oil temperature, cooling water temperature and battery status are queried. However, it is alternatively also possible to operate other vehicles or Internal combustion engine parameters for determining the maximum speed for the Start operation to use.

Anschließend wird der Starter in Schritt 12 mit dem optimalen Motormoment beaufschlagt. in Schritt 14 wird geprüft ob der Motor bereits gezündet hat.The starter is then subjected to the optimum engine torque in step 12. Step 14 checks whether the engine has already ignited.

Ist dies nicht der Fall (Nein), so wird zu Schritt 12 zurückverzweigt und der Starter weiter mit dem optimalen Motormoment beaufschlagt.If this is not the case (no), the process branches back to step 12 and the starter further acted upon with the optimal engine torque.

Ist die Bedingung in Schritt 14 jedoch erfüllt, so wird der Motor in Schritt 16 trotz der Zündung mit einem den Startvorgang weiter unterstützenden Moment beaufschlagt. Diese Maßnahme stellt beispielsweise im Winter ein sicheres Anspringen des Motors sicher. If, however, the condition in step 14 is met, the motor in step 16 is in spite of the Ignition is given a torque that further supports the starting process. This measure ensures, for example, that the Motors sure.

In Schritt 20 wird geprüft, ob die Startdrehzahl erreicht ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so wird zu Schritt 16 zurückverzweigt. Fällt die Prüfung in Schritt 20 jedoch positiv aus, so wird das Verfahren in Schritt 22 beendet.In step 20 it is checked whether the starting speed has been reached. If this is not the case, then the process branches back to step 16. If the test in step 20 is positive, the method is ended in step 22.

Zudem ist es günstig, wenn die Kurbelwelle vor dem Startvorgang in eine für den nachfolgenden Start optimale Synchronisationsposition gebracht wird. Dazu wird gemäß Fig. 2 in einem Schrift 30 die Kurbelwellenposition erfaßt und in einem Schritt 32 verglichen, ob diese Kurbeiwellenposition mit einer Synchronisierungsposition übereinstimmt.In addition, it is beneficial if the crankshaft in one for the subsequent start optimal synchronization position is brought. This will 2 in a document 30 the crankshaft position detected and in one Step 32 compared whether this short wave position with a synchronization position matches.

Ist dies nicht der Fall, so wird die Kurbelwelle in Schritt 34 gedreht. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich so lange, bis sich die Kurbelwelle in einer vorgegebenen Position befindet. Diese Position dient der Verbesserung der Energiebilanz beim Starten. Das Verfahren kann dadurch realisiert werden, daß die Kurbelwelle durch die Starteinrichtung gezielt an beispielsweise eine Lücke in einem Kurbelwellengeberrad herangefahren und an einer Synchronisationsmarke angehalten wird.If this is not the case, the crankshaft is rotated in step 34. This process repeats itself until the crankshaft is in a predetermined position located. This position serves to improve the energy balance when starting. The method can be implemented in that the crankshaft through the starting device targeting a gap in a crankshaft sensor wheel, for example is approached and stopped at a synchronization mark.

Gemäß Figur 3 ist eine schematische Schaltanordnung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt. Eine Steuerungsvorrichtung 50 nimmt die verschiedenen Fahrzeugbetriebs- und Verbrennungsmotoreingangsparameter auf. Überdies wird an die Steuerungsvorrichtung 50 auch ein Anlassersignal vom Zündschloß abgegeben. Die Steuerungsvorrichtung 50 berechnet aufgrund der Eingangsparameter die zu definierende Höchstdrehzahl und veranlaßt den Starter 52 sich mit dieser bestimmten Drehzahl zu drehen. Der Starter 52 erhält seine Energie von einer Batterie 56 und ist beispielsweise in Form eines Kurbelwellen-Starter-Generators ausgebildet. Diese Starter-Generator-Anordnungen verfügen über die Möglichkeit einer Drehzahlregelung. Alternativ ist auch jede andere Startanlage verwendbar, wenn sie über eine ausreichende Startleistung verfügt und auf ihren Betrieb Einfluß genommen werden kann. Der Starter treibt den Verbrennungsmotor 54 an, so daß dieser erfolgreich gezündet werden kann.According to Figure 3 is a schematic switching arrangement for performing the invention Procedure illustrated. A control device 50 takes the various vehicle operating and internal combustion engine input parameters. Furthermore, a starter signal from the ignition lock is also sent to the control device 50 issued. The control device 50 calculates based on the Input parameters the maximum speed to be defined and causes the starter 52 to rotate at this particular speed. The starter 52 receives its Energy from a battery 56 and is, for example, in the form of a crankshaft starter generator educated. These starter generator assemblies feature about the possibility of speed control. Any other is alternate Start system can be used if it has sufficient starting power and can influence their operation. The starter drives it Internal combustion engine 54 so that it can be ignited successfully.

Claims (7)

  1. A method of starting an internal combustion engine with a starter device in which the starting revolutions are controllable or can be regulated,
    characterised in that
    the revolutions generated by the starting device are regulated to a predetermined highest revolutions.
  2. A method according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the highest starting revolutions are selected in dependency on vehicle operating or internal combustion engine parameters.
  3. A method according to Claim 1 or Claim 2,
    characterised in that
    the starting device is driven until it reaches the highest starting revolutions essentially with an optimum available torque of a battery.
  4. A method according to one of the foregoing Claims,
    characterised in that
    the run up of the engine is also maintained after successful firing of the internal combustion engine up to starting revolutions.
  5. A method according to one of the foregoing Claims,
    characterised in that
    the angular position of the crankshaft is detected and the crankshaft is brought into a positive position for the start, so that the synchronisation time during the starting process is improved.
  6. A method according to Claim 5,
    characterised in that
    the crankshaft is driven forward by the starting device to a synchronisation mark.
  7. A method according to Claim 5 or Claim 6,
    characterised in that
    the crankshaft is brought into the positive position on shutting down the internal combustion engine.
EP99115463A 1998-09-11 1999-08-05 Method for starting an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0985822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19841752A DE19841752A1 (en) 1998-09-11 1998-09-11 Method for starting an internal combustion engine
DE19841752 1998-09-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0985822A1 EP0985822A1 (en) 2000-03-15
EP0985822B1 true EP0985822B1 (en) 2002-01-23

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US (1) US6286470B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0985822B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000087830A (en)
DE (2) DE19841752A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2170561T3 (en)

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JP6399005B2 (en) * 2016-01-21 2018-10-03 株式会社デンソー Starter
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JP3329416B2 (en) * 1994-08-31 2002-09-30 アルプス電気株式会社 Curable compound and method for producing the same
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ES2170561T3 (en) 2002-08-01
DE19841752A1 (en) 2000-03-16
DE59900761D1 (en) 2002-03-14
US6286470B1 (en) 2001-09-11
JP2000087830A (en) 2000-03-28
EP0985822A1 (en) 2000-03-15

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