EP0982407B1 - Process for melting inorganic substances - Google Patents

Process for melting inorganic substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0982407B1
EP0982407B1 EP98810835A EP98810835A EP0982407B1 EP 0982407 B1 EP0982407 B1 EP 0982407B1 EP 98810835 A EP98810835 A EP 98810835A EP 98810835 A EP98810835 A EP 98810835A EP 0982407 B1 EP0982407 B1 EP 0982407B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
fuel
process according
bath
converter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98810835A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0982407A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Rüegg
Christian Dr. Steiner
Beat Dr. Stoffel
Christian Dr. Wieckert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
Alstom SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Priority to DE59807017T priority Critical patent/DE59807017D1/en
Priority to AT98810835T priority patent/ATE231560T1/en
Priority to EP98810835A priority patent/EP0982407B1/en
Priority to TW088113454A priority patent/TW548332B/en
Priority to US09/375,369 priority patent/US6432162B1/en
Priority to KR1019990034317A priority patent/KR20000017396A/en
Priority to JP11237465A priority patent/JP2000154387A/en
Priority to NO994086A priority patent/NO994086L/en
Publication of EP0982407A1 publication Critical patent/EP0982407A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0982407B1 publication Critical patent/EP0982407B1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/08Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces
    • C21B13/085Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/06Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces with movable working chambers or hearths, e.g. tiltable, oscillating or describing a composed movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/22Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B3/225Oxygen blowing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2083Arrangements for the melting of metals or the treatment of molten metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for melting inorganic substances, especially ashes, slags, glass and metals in a rotating lying Converter or a rotary tube.
  • Fossil heaters such as described in US 3,934,864, generally use burners that are liquid, gaseous or dust-like fuels.
  • fuel also becomes oxygen and oxygen-enriched air used.
  • the latter is advantageous when substances with a high melting temperature, For example, metallurgical slags to be melted.
  • the achievable Flame temperature is much higher than when using Air.
  • the amount of exhaust gas is smaller, resulting in lower exhaust gas losses and leads to fuel savings.
  • the disadvantage of the fossil burner heaters is that the generated Heat can be transferred only over the surface of the melt.
  • the Heat transfer surface is limited by this. If the melting process in immobile Converters are also performing the heat conduction in the bathroom as well the internal bath convection small.
  • WO-A-87/03913 and SU-A-1298256 disclose steelmaking processes, in which scrap is melted in an oxygen converter, wherein the on the Metal applied oxygen content or the distance of the oxygen lances from Bad be changed in the course of the procedure. This should be the melting time reduced or the yield of liquid metal can be increased.
  • the invention seeks to avoid these disadvantages. Its the task to propose a process for melting inorganic substances, which allows the use of low-cost fuels and with that anyway the required high temperatures are achieved.
  • the advantages of the invention are that for melting the inorganic Substances cost-effective fuels can be used.
  • cost-effective fuels can be used.
  • the oxygen supply of the bath at a speed which is at least as great as the speed of sound, generates an intensive stirring effect on the bath surface.
  • a rotating converter or a rotary kiln is ensured that the material to be heated always moves and mixes. unmelted Material floats due to smaller density preferably at the surface and comes there intensively with the hot oxidizing fuels and combustion gases in contact.
  • the oven is operated in such a way that when starting up a bath is presented from molten material, which either by the use conventional burners containing liquid, gaseous or dusty fuels be operated, produced or by feeding from another Melting furnace is introduced. Only then are lumpy fuel and that to be melted material supplied to the converter and applied with oxygen, wherein the oxygen reacts with the solid fuel and releases heat, which leads to the melting of the material used. That already when starting the furnace a liquid bath of molten material is present is achieved that, firstly, the lumpy fuel from the beginning of the Surface of the melt is and secondly no further precautions with respect to the ignition of the lumpy fuel subsequently used must be taken.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation of a converter 1, in a support frame 2 is arranged on motor-driven support rollers 3.
  • the converter 1 has the Form a lying cylindrical drum and is on its two end faces open, wherein the inner diameter narrows on the two end faces, that the degree of filling is about 20% of the internal volume.
  • the converter 1 can be rotated about its axis 4.
  • the converter 1 for the purpose of emptying pivotable.
  • Inside the converter is the molten bath 5 of inorganic substances.
  • the converter 1 is via a charging chute 6 with the to be melted mainly inorganic substances 7, in the present Embodiment Rostasche from the waste incineration, and the Fuel 8 fed.
  • About a water-cooled oxygen lance 9 is oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas 10 at a certain angle the surface of the bath 5 is injected.
  • the loading is done by one Oven side emptying takes place via the opening on the opposite Converter page.
  • the converter 1 is advantageously operated so that when starting for the first time a bath 5 is produced from molten material. This is done first according to the known state of the art by using conventional burners, which, for example, with gaseous, z. As natural gas, or with liquid fuel, such as oil operated. Another possibility is the direct feed of the converter 1 with molten material from another melting furnace. Thereafter, via the charging chute 6 lumpy fuel, preferably carbon, carbonaceous fuel or dry or pre-dried waste, as well as the material to be melted from inorganic materials 7 is added.
  • Oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas 10 is injected via the oxygen lance 9 at a speed which is at least as great as the speed of sound, so that the oxygen 10 partially penetrates the bath 5, reacts with the solid fuel 8 and liberates heat which is released Melting of the material used 7 leads.
  • the stoichiometric ratio of carbon C to oxygen O 2 can be adjusted as desired. With ratios greater than 1 reducing conditions are set so that the heavy metals are reduced in the bath in their metallic form and evaporated.
  • the speed at which the oxygen is applied to the bath 5 must be at least as great as the speed of sound V s .
  • the use of a rotating converter ensures that the material to be heated always moves and mixes. Unmelted material floats on the surface due to its lower density, where it comes into intensive contact with the hot oxidizing coal or the carbonaceous fuel and the combustion gases.
  • the feed of the converter 1 can be both continuously, as well as batchwise respectively.
  • the inorganic substances to be melted become 7
  • the fuel 8 and the oxygen 10 are supplied to the converter 1 continuously, so that the redox state in the gas phase through the choice of fuel and Oxygen amount can be set arbitrarily, and also the redox state can be influenced in the bathroom.
  • the residence times of the substances to be melted on the bath 5 are of the Bath temperature and the grain size of the feed material dependent.
  • For MVA slag is the residence time at a bath temperature of about 1500 ° C and continuous feed for about 15 seconds.
  • the residence time of the liquid Phase is from the furnace geometry and necessary for the melting Bath surface dependent and is approximately in the hourly range.
  • the bath temperature which is necessary to produce a low-viscosity melt, for example in case of flash ash from incineration (melting temperature approx. 1250 ° C) greater as 1400 ° C.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the illustrated plant differs from that shown in Fig. 1 in that another water-cooled Oxygen lance 10 is used and that in the furnace next to the Slag - another metal phase is located.
  • the oxygen lance 10 is aligned parallel to the axis 4 of the converter 1. It has in its longitudinal extension a plurality of aligned on the bath 5 nozzles through which the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas 10 at a speed v, which is equal to or greater than the speed of sound V s injected.
  • the inorganic substances 7 to be melted are in this case Metals.
  • a second phase 11 of slag may be present in the converter 1.
  • the lighter one Slag phase 11 floats on the heavier metal phase 5.
  • the combustion reaction runs on the slag phase 11 from. This will prevent that the molten or unmelted metal directly with the injected oxygen 10 comes into contact.
  • the emptying of the metal is done by tilting the Converter while retaining the liquid slag phase 11. This is z. B. allows if the converter discharge side with only a small Opening is provided so that by quickly tilting the converter 1 only the heavy metal phase 5 runs out through the opening and the lighter slag phase 11 remains in the converter 1. The loading then takes place continuously, emptying discontinuously.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown limited. So instead of the rotating converter lying a rotary kiln be used or, for example, the oxygen supply or the solids supply be structurally different.
  • the method is z. B. also applicable for smelting of ashes from waste incineration by direct Combustion of dry, pre-dried, pyrolyzed or gasified waste or residues, which together with the Rostasche also boiler and / or Filter ash can be melted from the waste incineration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

In a process for melting inorganic materials (7) in a rotary horizontal converter or a rotary kiln (1) by adding fuel (8), oxygen or oxygen-enriched gases (10) and the inorganic materials (7) to a liquid bath (5), solid fuel (8) is added in piece form. The oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas (10) is blown at high velocity (v) onto the surface of the bath (5), reacts with the solid fuel (8) and releases heat in the course of this. By means of the process of the invention, high temperatures can be achieved with the use of inexpensive fuels.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schmelzen von anorganischen Stoffen, insbesondere Aschen, Schlacken, Glas und Metallen in einem drehenden liegenden Konverter oder einem Drehrohr.The invention relates to a method for melting inorganic substances, especially ashes, slags, glass and metals in a rotating lying Converter or a rotary tube.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

In der Metallurgie sind verschiedenen Verfahren zum Schmelzen fester Stoffe bekannt. Die Energie, welche zum Schmelzen der Feststoffe benötigt wird, wird dabei entweder über eine fossile oder eine elektrische Beheizung bereitgestellt.In metallurgy, various processes for melting solids are known. The energy needed to melt the solids is added provided by either fossil or electric heating.

Fossile Beheizungen, wie beispielsweise in US 3 934 864 beschreiben, benutzen im allgemeinen Brenner, die mit flüssigen, gasförmigen oder staubförmigen Brennstoffen beschickt werden. Zur Oxidation des Brennstoffes werden neben Luft auch Sauerstoff und sauerstoffangereicherte Luft verwendet. Letzteres ist vorteilhaft, wenn Stoffe mit hoher Schmelztemperatur, beispielsweise metallurgische Schlacken, geschmolzen werden sollen. Die erreichbare Flammentemperatur liegt dabei wesentlich höher als beim Einsatz von Luft. Ausserdem ist die Abgasmenge kleiner, was zu niedrigeren Abgasverlusten und zu Brennstoffeinsparungen führt. Fossil heaters, such as described in US 3,934,864, generally use burners that are liquid, gaseous or dust-like fuels. For the oxidation of the In addition to air, fuel also becomes oxygen and oxygen-enriched air used. The latter is advantageous when substances with a high melting temperature, For example, metallurgical slags to be melted. The achievable Flame temperature is much higher than when using Air. In addition, the amount of exhaust gas is smaller, resulting in lower exhaust gas losses and leads to fuel savings.

Der Nachteil der fossilen Brennerbeheizungen besteht darin, dass die erzeugte Wärme nur über die Oberfläche des Schmelzgutes übertragen werden kann. Die Wärmeübertragungsfläche ist dadurch limitiert. Wird das Schmelzverfahren in unbewegten Konvertern durchgeführt, sind zudem die Wärmeleitung im Bad sowie die interne Badkonvektion klein.The disadvantage of the fossil burner heaters is that the generated Heat can be transferred only over the surface of the melt. The Heat transfer surface is limited by this. If the melting process in immobile Converters are also performing the heat conduction in the bathroom as well the internal bath convection small.

Diese Erkenntnisse haben zur Entwicklung von sogenannten Unterbadbrennem geführt. Bei diesen wird eine gekühlte Brennerlanze direkt in das Bad eingetaucht, und die Brennstoffe werden zusammen mit einem Oxidationsmittel in das Bad eingedüst. Nachteilig ist hierbei die aufwendige und nicht ungefährliche Kühlung dieser Brenner sowie die begrenzte erreichbare Eindringtiefe. Es kommen nur gasförmige und flüssige Brennstoffe in Frage.These findings have led to the development of so-called Unterbadbrennem guided. In these, a cooled burner lance is dipped directly into the bath, and the fuels are added to the bath along with an oxidizer injected. The disadvantage here is the complex and not safe cooling This burner and the limited achievable penetration depth. It only comes gaseous and liquid fuels in question.

Aus WO-A-87/03913 und SU-A-1298256 sind Stahlerzeugungsverfahren bekannt, bei denen Schrott in einem Sauerstoffkonverter geschmolzen wird, wobei der auf das Metall aufgebrachte Sauerstoffanteil bzw. der Abstand der Sauerstofflanzen vom Bad im Verlaufe des Verfahrens verändert werden. Dadurch soll die Schmelzzeit reduziert bzw. die Ausbeute an flüssigem Metall erhöht werden.WO-A-87/03913 and SU-A-1298256 disclose steelmaking processes, in which scrap is melted in an oxygen converter, wherein the on the Metal applied oxygen content or the distance of the oxygen lances from Bad be changed in the course of the procedure. This should be the melting time reduced or the yield of liquid metal can be increased.

Bei den elektrischen Schmelzverfahren (Widerstands-, Induktions-, Lichtbogenund Plasmaheizungen) sind dagegen vorteilhaft hohe Temperaturen erreichbar, und die Abgasverluste fallen weg. Nachteilig sind jedoch die hohen Energie- und Anlagekosten.In the electrical melting processes (resistance, induction, arc and Plasma heaters), on the other hand, advantageously high temperatures can be achieved, and the exhaust gas losses fall away. However, the disadvantages are the high energy and Equipment costs.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Erfindung versucht, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Schmelzen von anorganischen Stoffen vorzuschlagen, das den Einsatz von kostengünstigen Brennstoffen erlaubt und mit dem trotzdem die erforderlichen hohen Temperaturen erreicht werden.The invention seeks to avoid these disadvantages. Its the task to propose a process for melting inorganic substances, which allows the use of low-cost fuels and with that anyway the required high temperatures are achieved.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei einem Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1 erreicht, wobei fester Brennstoff in stückiger Form zugegeben wird, und der Sauerstoff oder das sauerstoffangereicherte Gas mit einer Geschwindigkeit, welche mindestens so groß ist wie die Schallgeschwindigkeit, auf die Badoberfläche aufgedüst wird, mit dem festen Brennstoff reagiert und dabei Wärme freigesetzt wird.This is according to the invention in a method according to Claim 1, wherein solid fuel added in particulate form is, and the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas with a Speed, which is at least as great as the speed of sound, is aufgesüst on the bath surface, with the solid fuel reacts while heat is released.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, dass zum Aufschmelzen der anorganischen Stoffe kostengünstige Brennstoffe eingesetzt werden können. Ausserdem wird durch die Sauerstoffbeaufschlagung des Bades mit einer Geschwindigkeit, welche mindestens so groß ist wie die Schallgeschwindigkeit, eine intensive Rührwirkung an der Badoberfläche erzeugt. Durch den Einsatz eines sich drehenden Konverters oder eines Drehrohrofens wird sichergestellt, dass sich das aufzuheizende Gut stets bewegt und vermischt. Ungeschmolzenes Material schwimmt dabei infolge kleinerer Dichte vorzugsweise an der Oberfläche und kommt dort intensiv mit den heissen oxidierenden Brennstoffen und Verbrennungsgasen in Kontakt.The advantages of the invention are that for melting the inorganic Substances cost-effective fuels can be used. In addition is due to the oxygen supply of the bath at a speed which is at least as great as the speed of sound, generates an intensive stirring effect on the bath surface. Because of the engagement a rotating converter or a rotary kiln is ensured that the material to be heated always moves and mixes. unmelted Material floats due to smaller density preferably at the surface and comes there intensively with the hot oxidizing fuels and combustion gases in contact.

Dadurch, daß die Geschwindigkeit, mit der der Sauerstoff oder das sauerstoffangereicherte Gas auf die Badoberfläche aufgedüst wird, mindestens so gross ist wie die Schallgeschwindigkeit, ist eine intensive Rührwirkung und daraus resultierende gute Vermischung der reagierenden Stoffe sichergestellt.In that the speed with which the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas is sprayed onto the bath surface, at least as great as the speed of sound is an intense stirring action and the resulting good mixing of the reactants ensured.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn als Brennstoff Kohle oder kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoff eingesetzt und die Kohle bzw. der kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoff und der Sauerstoff kontinuierlich zugeführt werden, da damit der Redoxzustand in der Gasphase und auch der Redoxzustand im Bad über das Verhältnis von Kohle zu Sauerstoff beliebig eingestellt werden kann. Insbesondere können mit Stöchiometrie-Verhältnissen von Kohlenstoff zu Sauerstoff von grösser 1 reduzierende Bedingungen eingestellt werden, um Schwermetalle im Bad in ihre metallische Form zu reduzieren und abzudampfen.It is advantageous if as fuel coal or carbonaceous fuel used and the coal or the carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen be fed continuously, since thus the redox state in the gas phase and also the redox state in the bath on the ratio of coal to oxygen arbitrary can be adjusted. In particular, with stoichiometric ratios from carbon to oxygen of greater than 1 reducing conditions be adjusted to reduce heavy metals in the bathroom in their metallic form and evaporate.

Weiterhin ist es zweckmässig, wenn als Brennstoff trockene oder vorgetrocknete Abfälle eingesetzt werden. Dies ist eine besonders preiswerte Variante. Furthermore, it is expedient if dry as fuel or predried Wastes are used. This is a particularly inexpensive option.

Es ist von Vorteil, wenn der Ofen so betrieben wird, dass beim Anfahren ein Bad aus geschmolzenem Material vorgelegt wird, welches entweder durch den Einsatz üblicher Brenner, die mit flüssigen, gasförmigen oder staubförmigen Brennstoffen betrieben werden, erzeugt wird oder durch Beschickung aus einem weiteren Schmelzofen eingebracht wird. Erst danach werden stückiger Brennstoff und das zu schmelzende Material dem Konverter zugeführt und mit Sauerstoff beaufschlagt, wobei der Sauerstoff mit dem festen Brennstoff reagiert und Wärme freisetzt, die zum Schmelzen des eingesetzten Materials führt. Dadurch, dass bereits beim Anfahren des Ofens ein flüssiges Bad aus geschmolzenem Material vorliegt wird erreicht, dass sich erstens der stückige Brennstoff von Beginn weg an der Oberfläche der Schmelze befindet und zweitens keine weiteren Vorkehrungen bezüglich dem Zünden des anschliessend eingesetzten stückigen Brennstoffes getroffen werden müssen.It is advantageous if the oven is operated in such a way that when starting up a bath is presented from molten material, which either by the use conventional burners containing liquid, gaseous or dusty fuels be operated, produced or by feeding from another Melting furnace is introduced. Only then are lumpy fuel and that to be melted material supplied to the converter and applied with oxygen, wherein the oxygen reacts with the solid fuel and releases heat, which leads to the melting of the material used. That already when starting the furnace a liquid bath of molten material is present is achieved that, firstly, the lumpy fuel from the beginning of the Surface of the melt is and secondly no further precautions with respect to the ignition of the lumpy fuel subsequently used must be taken.

Sollen Metalle nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren aufgeschmolzen werden, dann ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Konverter mit zwei Phasen, einer Metallphase und einer sich darauf befindenden Schlackenphase beschickt wird, wobei der eingedüste Sauerstoff mit dem Brennstoff auf oder in der Schlackenphase zur Reaktion gebracht wird. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass der eingedüste Sauerstoff mit dem geschmolzenen bzw. noch ungeschmolzenen Metall direkt in Kontakt kommt. Der Sauerstoff reagiert nur mit dem Brennstoff auf der Schlackenphase. Dabei wird die Wärme freigesetzt, welche zum Aufschmelzen des noch festen Metalles notwendig istIf metals are to be melted by the process according to the invention, then it is advantageous if the converter with two phases, a metal phase and a slag phase located thereon is charged, wherein the Discharge oxygen with the fuel on or in the slag phase Reaction is brought. This will prevent the injected oxygen with the molten or unmelted metal directly in contact comes. The oxygen only reacts with the fuel on the slag phase. The heat is released, which melts the still solid Metal is necessary

Weiterhin ist es von Vorteil, wenn Rostasche aus der Müllverbrennung durch direkte Verbrennung von trockenen, vorgetrockneten, pyrolisierten oder vergasten Abfällen oder Reststoffen eingeschmolzen wird, wobei gemeinsam mit der Rostasche auch Kessel- und/oder Filterasche aus der Müllverbrennung eingeschmolzen werden kann. Furthermore, it is advantageous if grate ash from the waste incineration by direct Combustion of dry, pre-dried, pyrolyzed or gasified Waste or residues is melted down, being together with the bottom ash also boiler and / or filter ash melted from the waste incineration can be.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung sind zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines drehenden liegenden Konverters zum Aufschmelzen von Rostasche aus der Müllverbrennung;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines drehenden liegenden Konverters zum Aufschmelzen von Metall.
In the drawing, two embodiments of the invention are shown. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a rotating lying converter for melting rust ash from the waste incineration;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a rotating lying converter for melting metal.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt.Only the elements essential to the understanding of the invention are shown.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay to carry out the invention

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Fig. 1 und 2 näher erläutert.The invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the FIG. 1 and 2 explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 zeigt in vereinfachter Darstellung einen Konverter 1, der in einem Tragrahmen 2 auf motorgetriebenen Tragrollen 3 angeordnet ist. Der Konverter 1 hat die Form einer liegenden zylindrischen Trommel und ist auf seinen beiden Stirnseiten offen, wobei sich der Innendurchmesser auf den beiden Stirnseiten so verengt, dass der Füllungsgrad ca. 20 % des Innenvolumens beträgt. Mittels der Tragrollen 3 kann der Konverter 1 um seine Achse 4 gedreht werden. Wie durch die Pfeile im oberen Teil der Fig. 1 angedeutet, ist der Konverter 1 zum Zwecke der Entleerung schwenkbar. Im Inneren des Konverters befindet sich das geschmolzene Bad 5 der anorganischen Substanzen. Der Konverter 1 wird über eine Chargier-Rutsche 6 mit den zu schmelzenden vorwiegend anorganischen Substanzen 7, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel Rostasche aus der Müllverbrennung, und dem Brennstoff 8 beschickt. Über eine wassergekühlte Sauerstofflanze 9 wird Sauerstoff bzw. sauerstoffangereichertes Gas 10 unter einem bestimmten Winkel auf die Oberfläche des Bades 5 eingedüst. Die Beschickung erfolgt von der einen Ofenseite her, die Entleerung erfolgt über die Öffnung auf der entgegengesetzten Konverterseite.Fig. 1 shows a simplified representation of a converter 1, in a support frame 2 is arranged on motor-driven support rollers 3. The converter 1 has the Form a lying cylindrical drum and is on its two end faces open, wherein the inner diameter narrows on the two end faces, that the degree of filling is about 20% of the internal volume. By means of the carrying rollers 3, the converter 1 can be rotated about its axis 4. As indicated by the arrows in the The upper part of Fig. 1 indicated, the converter 1 for the purpose of emptying pivotable. Inside the converter is the molten bath 5 of inorganic substances. The converter 1 is via a charging chute 6 with the to be melted mainly inorganic substances 7, in the present Embodiment Rostasche from the waste incineration, and the Fuel 8 fed. About a water-cooled oxygen lance 9 is oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas 10 at a certain angle the surface of the bath 5 is injected. The loading is done by one Oven side emptying takes place via the opening on the opposite Converter page.

Der Konverter 1 wird vorteilhaft so betrieben, dass beim Anfahren erstmals ein Bad 5 aus geschmolzenem Material erzeugt wird. Dies geschieht zunächst nach dem bekannten Stand der Technik, indem übliche Brenner eingesetzt werden, welche beispielsweise mit gasförmigem, z. B. Erdgas, oder mit flüssigem Brennstoff, z.B. Öl, betrieben werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist die direkte Beschikkung des Konverters 1 mit geschmolzenem Material aus einem anderen Schmelzofen. Danach werden über die Chargier-Rutsche 6 stückiger Brennstoff, vorzugsweise Kohle, kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoff oder trockene bzw. vorgetrocknete Abfälle, sowie das zu schmelzende Material aus anorganischen Stoffen 7 zugegeben. Über die Sauerstofflanze 9 wird Sauerstoff bzw. sauerstoffangereichertes Gas 10 mit einer Geschwindigkeit, welche mindestens so groß ist wie die Schallgeschwindigkeit, eingedüst, so dass der Sauerstoff 10 teilweise in das Bad 5 eindringt, mit dem festen Brennstoff 8 reagiert und Wärme freisetzt, die zum Schmelzen des eingesetzten Material 7 führt. Das stöchiometrische Verhältnis von Kohlenstoff C zu Sauerstoff O2 kann nach Belieben eingestellt werden. Mit Verhältnissen grösser 1 werden reduzierende Bedingungen eingestellt, so dass die Schwermetalle im Bad in ihre metallische Form reduziert und abgedampft werden.The converter 1 is advantageously operated so that when starting for the first time a bath 5 is produced from molten material. This is done first according to the known state of the art by using conventional burners, which, for example, with gaseous, z. As natural gas, or with liquid fuel, such as oil operated. Another possibility is the direct feed of the converter 1 with molten material from another melting furnace. Thereafter, via the charging chute 6 lumpy fuel, preferably carbon, carbonaceous fuel or dry or pre-dried waste, as well as the material to be melted from inorganic materials 7 is added. Oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas 10 is injected via the oxygen lance 9 at a speed which is at least as great as the speed of sound, so that the oxygen 10 partially penetrates the bath 5, reacts with the solid fuel 8 and liberates heat which is released Melting of the material used 7 leads. The stoichiometric ratio of carbon C to oxygen O 2 can be adjusted as desired. With ratios greater than 1 reducing conditions are set so that the heavy metals are reduced in the bath in their metallic form and evaporated.

Um eine intensive Rührwirkung und Durchmischung an der Badoberfläche zu erzielen, muss die Geschwindigkeit, mit welcher die Sauerstoffbeaufschlagung des Bades 5 erfolgt, mindestens so gross sein wie die Schallgeschwindigkeit Vs. Durch den Einsatz eines drehenden Konverters wird sichergestellt, dass sich das aufzuheizende Gut stets bewegt und vermischt. Ungeschmolzenes Material schwimmt dabei infolge kleinerer Dichte an der Oberfläche und kommt dort intensiv mit der heissen oxidierenden Kohle bzw. dem kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoff und den Verbrennungsgasen in Kontakt.In order to achieve an intensive stirring effect and mixing on the bath surface, the speed at which the oxygen is applied to the bath 5 must be at least as great as the speed of sound V s . The use of a rotating converter ensures that the material to be heated always moves and mixes. Unmelted material floats on the surface due to its lower density, where it comes into intensive contact with the hot oxidizing coal or the carbonaceous fuel and the combustion gases.

Die Beschickung des Konverters 1 kann sowohl kontinuierlich, als auch chargenweise erfolgen. Vorzugsweise werden die zu schmelzenden anorganischen Stoffe 7, der Brennstoff 8 und der Sauerstoff 10 dem Konverter 1 kontinuierlich zugeführt, so dass der Redoxzustand in der Gasphase durch die Wahl der Brennstoffund Sauerstoffmenge beliebig eingestellt werden kann, und auch der Redoxzustand im Bad beeinflusst werden kann. So kann z. B. mit einer unterstöchiometrischen Sauerstoff-Dosierung eine reduktive Atmosphäre im Gasraum oberhalb des Bades 5 und auch im Bad 5 eingestellt werden und damit bewirkt werden, dass Schwermetalle in ihre metallische Form oder von Oxiden zu Chloriden reduziert werden und abdampfen.The feed of the converter 1 can be both continuously, as well as batchwise respectively. Preferably, the inorganic substances to be melted become 7, the fuel 8 and the oxygen 10 are supplied to the converter 1 continuously, so that the redox state in the gas phase through the choice of fuel and Oxygen amount can be set arbitrarily, and also the redox state can be influenced in the bathroom. So z. B. with a substoichiometric Oxygen metering a reductive atmosphere in the gas space above the Bades 5 and also be set in the bath 5 and thus causes Heavy metals in their metallic form or reduced from oxides to chlorides be and evaporate.

Die Verweilzeiten der einzuschmelzenden Stoffe auf dem Bad 5 sind von der Badtemperatur und der Korngrösse des Aufgabegutes abhängig. Für MVA-Schlacke beträgt die Verweilzeit bei einer Badtemperatur von ca. 1500 °C und kontinuierlicher Beschickung etwa 15 Sekunden. Die Verweilzeit der flüssigen Phase ist von der Ofengeometrie und der für das Aufschmelzen notwendigen Badoberfläche abhängig und liegt etwa im Stundenbereich. Die Badtemperatur, die zur Erzeugung einer dünnflüssigen Schmelze notwendig ist, ist beispielsweise bei Rostasche aus der Müllverbrennung (Schmelztemperatur ca. 1250 °C) grösser als 1400 °C.The residence times of the substances to be melted on the bath 5 are of the Bath temperature and the grain size of the feed material dependent. For MVA slag is the residence time at a bath temperature of about 1500 ° C and continuous feed for about 15 seconds. The residence time of the liquid Phase is from the furnace geometry and necessary for the melting Bath surface dependent and is approximately in the hourly range. The bath temperature, which is necessary to produce a low-viscosity melt, for example in case of flash ash from incineration (melting temperature approx. 1250 ° C) greater as 1400 ° C.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die dargestellte Anlage unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 1 gezeigten dadurch, dass eine andere wassergekühlte Sauerstofflanze 10 verwendet wird und dass sich im Ofen neben der Schlacken- noch eine Metallphase befindet. Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The illustrated plant differs from that shown in Fig. 1 in that another water-cooled Oxygen lance 10 is used and that in the furnace next to the Slag - another metal phase is located.

Die Sauerstofflanze 10 ist parallel zur Achse 4 des Konverters 1 ausgerichtet. Sie weist in ihrer Längsausdehnung mehrere auf das Bad 5 ausgerichtete Düsen auf, durch die der Sauerstoff bzw. das sauerstoffangereicherte Gas 10 mit einer Geschwindigkeit v, welche gleich oder grösser als die Schallgeschwindigkeit Vs ist, eingedüst wird.The oxygen lance 10 is aligned parallel to the axis 4 of the converter 1. It has in its longitudinal extension a plurality of aligned on the bath 5 nozzles through which the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas 10 at a speed v, which is equal to or greater than the speed of sound V s injected.

In diesem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel soll keine Schlacke aufgeschmolzen werden, sondern die zu schmelzenden anorganischen Stoffe 7 sind in diesem Falle Metalle. Sollen Metalle aufgeschmolzen werden, muss neben der Metallphase 5 eine zweite Phase 11 aus Schlacke im Konverter 1 vorhanden sein. Die leichtere Schlackenphase 11 schwimmt auf der schwereren Metallphase 5. Die Verbrennungsreaktion läuft auf der Schlackenphase 11 ab. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass das geschmolzene bzw. ungeschmolzene Metall direkt mit dem eingedüsten Sauerstoff 10 in Kontakt kommt. Die Entleerung des Metalls erfolgt durch Kippen des Konverters bei gleichzeitigem Zurückhalten der flüssigen Schlackenphase 11. Dies wird z. B. ermöglicht, wenn die Konverterentleerungsseite mit einer nur kleinen Öffnung versehen ist, so dass durch schnelles Kippen des Konverters 1 nur die schwere Metallphase 5 durch die Öffnung ausläuft und die leichtere Schlakkenphase 11 im Konverter 1 verbleibt. Die Beschickung erfolgt dann kontinuierlich, die Entleerung diskontinuierlich.In this second embodiment, no slag should be melted, but the inorganic substances 7 to be melted are in this case Metals. If metals are to be melted, in addition to the metal phase 5 a second phase 11 of slag may be present in the converter 1. The lighter one Slag phase 11 floats on the heavier metal phase 5. The combustion reaction runs on the slag phase 11 from. This will prevent that the molten or unmelted metal directly with the injected oxygen 10 comes into contact. The emptying of the metal is done by tilting the Converter while retaining the liquid slag phase 11. This is z. B. allows if the converter discharge side with only a small Opening is provided so that by quickly tilting the converter 1 only the heavy metal phase 5 runs out through the opening and the lighter slag phase 11 remains in the converter 1. The loading then takes place continuously, emptying discontinuously.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf die gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. So kann anstelle des drehenden liegenden Konverters ein Drehrohrofen benutzt werden oder beispielsweise die Sauerstoffzufuhr oder die Feststoffzufuhr konstruktiv anders gestaltet werden. Das Verfahren ist z. B. auch anwendbar zum Einschmelzen von Rostasche aus der Müllverbrennung durch direkte Verbrennung von trockenen, vorgetrockneten, pyrolisierten oder vergasten Abfällen oder Reststoffen, wobei gemeinsam mit der Rostasche auch Kessel- und/oder Filterasche aus der Müllverbrennung eingeschmolzen werden können. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown limited. So instead of the rotating converter lying a rotary kiln be used or, for example, the oxygen supply or the solids supply be structurally different. The method is z. B. also applicable for smelting of ashes from waste incineration by direct Combustion of dry, pre-dried, pyrolyzed or gasified waste or residues, which together with the Rostasche also boiler and / or Filter ash can be melted from the waste incineration.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Konverter, DrehrohrConverter, rotary tube
22
Tragrahmen für Pos. 1Support frame for pos. 1
33
Tragrollenidlers
44
Achseaxis
55
Badbath
66
Chargier-RutscheChargier slide
77
anorganische Substanzeninorganic substances
88th
stückiger Brennstofflumpy fuel
99
Sauerstofflanzeoxygen lance
1010
Sauerstoff, sauerstoffangereichertes GasOxygen, oxygen-enriched gas
1111
zweite flüssige Phase, z. B. Schlackesecond liquid phase, z. B. slag
Vs V s
Schallgeschwindigkeitspeed of sound

Claims (8)

  1. Process for melting inorganic materials (7) in a rotary horizontal converter or a rotary kiln (1) by adding fuel (8), oxygen or oxygen-enriched gases (10) and the inorganic materials (7) to a liquid bath (5), solid fuel (8) being added in piece form and the oxygen or the oxygen-enriched gas (10) being blown at a velocity (v), which is at least as high as the velocity of sound (vs), onto the surface of the bath (5), said gas reacting with the solid fuel (8) and releasing heat in the course of this.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel (8) used is coal or carboniferous fuel.
  3. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel (8) used is dry or predried wastes.
  4. Process according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the stoichiometric ratio of carbon (C) to oxygen (O2) is greater than 1.
  5. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that grate ash from refuse incineration is fused by direct combustion of dry, predried, pyrolysed or gasified wastes or residues.
  6. Process according to Claim 5, characterized in that, together with the grate ash, boiler ash and/or filter ash from refuse incineration is also fused.
  7. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, for the startup, a bath (5) of molten material is used, which molten material is either generated by using conventional burners or by charging from a further melting furnace.
  8. Process according to Claim 1 for melting metals, characterized in that the converter (1) is charged with two phases, a metal phase (5) and a slag phase (11) thereabove, the injected oxygen (10) being brought to reaction with the fuel (8) on or in the slag phase (11).
EP98810835A 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 Process for melting inorganic substances Expired - Lifetime EP0982407B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59807017T DE59807017D1 (en) 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 Process for melting inorganic substances
AT98810835T ATE231560T1 (en) 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 METHOD FOR MELTING INORGANIC SUBSTANCES
EP98810835A EP0982407B1 (en) 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 Process for melting inorganic substances
TW088113454A TW548332B (en) 1998-08-24 1999-08-06 Process for melting inorganic materials
US09/375,369 US6432162B1 (en) 1998-08-24 1999-08-17 Process for melting ashes, slags or glass
KR1019990034317A KR20000017396A (en) 1998-08-24 1999-08-19 process for melting inorganic materials
JP11237465A JP2000154387A (en) 1998-08-24 1999-08-24 Method for melting inorganic substance
NO994086A NO994086L (en) 1998-08-24 1999-08-24 Process of melting inorganic substances

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810835A EP0982407B1 (en) 1998-08-24 1998-08-24 Process for melting inorganic substances

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0982407A1 EP0982407A1 (en) 2000-03-01
EP0982407B1 true EP0982407B1 (en) 2003-01-22

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US (1) US6432162B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0982407B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000154387A (en)
KR (1) KR20000017396A (en)
AT (1) ATE231560T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59807017D1 (en)
NO (1) NO994086L (en)
TW (1) TW548332B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ200975A3 (en) 2009-02-10 2010-08-04 Raclavský@Milan Refining technology of metalline zinc-containing waste in revolving furnace
CN105021027B (en) * 2014-04-15 2017-06-06 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 The eddy flow smelting technology implemented using eddy flow smelting furnace

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3934864A (en) * 1967-01-13 1976-01-27 Creusot-Loire Process and installation for reductive melting of iron scrap, powder or sponge
US4272286A (en) * 1978-07-17 1981-06-09 Pennsylvania Engineering Corporation Metallurgical vessel
AU543552B2 (en) * 1978-12-26 1985-04-26 Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd. Gasification of solid carbonaceous materials
US4519814A (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-05-28 Ppg Industries, Inc. Two stage batch liquefaction process and apparatus
SU1298256A1 (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-03-23 Сибирский металлургический институт им.С.Орджоникидзе Method for steelmaking in oxygen converter
DE3590889C2 (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-07-06 Dnapropetrovskij Metall I Im L Process for steel production in an oxygen blow converter
DE4117444C2 (en) * 1991-05-28 1993-11-11 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Process for treating residues from a waste incineration plant and waste incineration plant for carrying out the process
ES2114388B1 (en) * 1994-06-16 1998-12-16 Del Oxigeno S A Soc Esp PROCEDURE FOR METAL MELTING IN ROTARY FURNACES AND ROTARY FUSING FURNACE FOR THE APPLICATION OF THIS PROCEDURE.
ES2152480T3 (en) * 1995-12-11 2001-02-01 Sumitomo Heavy Industries METHOD AND APPLIANCE FOR RECYCLING WASTE FROM IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY.

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TW548332B (en) 2003-08-21
EP0982407A1 (en) 2000-03-01
US6432162B1 (en) 2002-08-13
DE59807017D1 (en) 2003-02-27
ATE231560T1 (en) 2003-02-15
KR20000017396A (en) 2000-03-25
NO994086L (en) 2000-02-25
NO994086D0 (en) 1999-08-24
JP2000154387A (en) 2000-06-06

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