EP0982176A1 - Power supply system for an electric driven vehicle - Google Patents

Power supply system for an electric driven vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0982176A1
EP0982176A1 EP99402060A EP99402060A EP0982176A1 EP 0982176 A1 EP0982176 A1 EP 0982176A1 EP 99402060 A EP99402060 A EP 99402060A EP 99402060 A EP99402060 A EP 99402060A EP 0982176 A1 EP0982176 A1 EP 0982176A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
traction
vehicle
energy
accumulation
kinetic energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99402060A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0982176B1 (en
Inventor
Philippe Gibard
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Alstom Transport SA
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Alstom France SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/42—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles for collecting current from individual contact pieces connected to the power supply line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/32—Constructional details of charging stations by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/02—Dynamic electric resistor braking
    • B60L7/06—Dynamic electric resistor braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/24—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the supply of electrical energy electrically-powered transit vehicles and relates more particularly to the supply of electrical energy to trams.
  • the invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the devices of the prior art by creating an electrical energy supply system a large capacity autonomous tram that combines simplicity of design with a reasonable cost price and relative ease of installation.
  • a power system of a traction vehicle electric equipped with electric traction motors powered by a system traction device and pantograph connection system traction on a catenary characterized in that it further comprises in combination, an autonomous power supply device on board a vehicle and comprising a kinetic energy storage system with rotating machine with rotor forming a flywheel and operating either as a motor or as a generator, means for connecting the kinetic energy accumulation system in charging regime in the supply sector during vehicle stops in stations, and in discharge mode, to the traction system, said system kinetic energy accumulation being an energy recovery system vehicle braking.
  • Figure 1 there is shown the diagram of the power circuit of a autonomous tram combining a number of the solutions set out above high.
  • This circuit includes a traction system 1 supplying motors M1, M2, M3, M4 driving the vehicle wheels.
  • the traction system 1 is supplied on the one hand in conventional mode by a pantograph 2 from a catenary 3 and on the other hand, in regime autonomous by an autonomous power supply device on board the vehicle and designated by the general reference number 4.
  • the on-board device 4 comprises a kinetic accumulation system 5 of energy and a backup autonomy system 6 both connected to a common point 7 with the pantograph 2 for transmitting the supply energy from catenary 3.
  • the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 comprises a motor synchronous 10 polyphase with permanent magnets whose rotor is in itself known, arranged outside and acts as a mass of inertia.
  • This motor is associated with an electronic supply device 11 to variable frequency which regulates a fixed voltage as a function of speed of the motor 10.
  • the supply of a phase of the motor 10 using a bridge of IGBT transistors 12, is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the mass of the rotor of the motor 10 is driven at a high speed.
  • the engine In discharge mode, the engine operates as a generator and provides energy to the traction system 1.
  • the supply voltage of the kinetic energy accumulation system on the high voltage network is set at a value between 700 V and 800 V, which allows identical operation of the traction system 1, that it is supplied by the catenary (typical voltage of 750V) or by the system kinetic energy accumulation 5.
  • the backup autonomy system 6 includes a traction battery 14 with which is associated a charger 16 connected to the pantograph 2 in order to connect it either to the catenary 3, or to an external supply circuit which will be described with reference to Figure 2.
  • the backup autonomy system 6 can be connected by switches 17 in combination with a switch 18, to the traction system 1.
  • a connection 20 enables the traction system 1 to be supplied by the kinetic energy storage system 5.
  • FIG 2 there is shown schematically a stop station for a tram fitted with the power supply system of the invention.
  • This station has a canopy 22 which carries a contact wire 23 located above the track 24 and supplied by the high voltage sector, this wire being intended to cooperate with tramway pantograph 2 for recharging the storage system kinetics of energy 5 and of the backup autonomy system 6 during shutdown of the tram in the station.
  • the voltage levels delivered by the kinetic accumulation system 5, the catenary 3 and the contact wire 23, are compatible, which allows easy switching of these sources with respect to user loads.
  • the performances of the system according to the invention in autonomy mode are the following.
  • the principle of collection at the station is identical to that under catenary.
  • the pantograph 2 is reused and the capture is carried out by the wire 23 located at height minimum (typically 3.60m to 4m) under the canopy 22 of the station.
  • This wire can be flexible or rigid and integrated into architecture and town planning stations as shown in Figure 2.
  • pantograph rise order 2 To minimize the pantograph 2 rise time upon arrival in the station, it is possible to use the operating aid beacons arranged at the entrance of each station, and whose detection by the vehicle would command pantograph rise order 2.
  • the descent of the pantograph is controlled by the order of departure from driver, vehicle start is timed and only effective on return pantograph 2 information in low position.
  • the rise and fall time of the pantograph at this height capture time is around 1 s.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents the management means implemented in the supply system according to the invention.
  • These management means comprise sensors 25 for the speed of rotation of two of the traction motors M1 to M4, connected to a central tachymetry 26.
  • the traction system is associated with an electronic circuit 28 which is connected on the one hand to a pipe manipulator 30 and on the other hand, to an on-board computer network 32 from which it receives instructions of speed.
  • the on-board computer network 32 is connected to a central computer of board 34 and to the tachometer 26.
  • a current sensor 40 is connected in the line connecting the system kinetic energy accumulation 5 to the traction system 1.
  • the energy management of the system according to the invention is ensured by the following way.
  • the measurement of energy is realized from the measurement of the current I consumed or recovered by the kinetic energy accumulation system (according to its sign), because the kinetic energy accumulation system regulates a constant voltage in a very wide range of rotation, which means that the current I is proportional to the power P.
  • This measurement is carried out by the electronic control circuit 36 of the kinetic energy accumulation system associated with the current sensor 40 and which calculates by integration over a sampling step, the energy consumed and the remaining energy, also taking into account in this calculation the values of corresponding yields.
  • the location of the vehicle on the route is ensured as follows.
  • the tramway conventionally has measuring equipment speed (central tachometer 26), which receives the speed measurements of two traction motors M1 and M4 and derives a reference speed value of the vehicle, as well as a distance traveled value from a given instant (odometer function); this allows the central computer 34 of the vehicle to know its actual position on the course (interstation and position in the interstation).
  • measuring equipment speed central tachometer 26
  • central tachometer 26 receives the speed measurements of two traction motors M1 and M4 and derives a reference speed value of the vehicle, as well as a distance traveled value from a given instant (odometer function); this allows the central computer 34 of the vehicle to know its actual position on the course (interstation and position in the interstation).
  • radio beacons located at different points on the route; these provisions are optional but generally exist in a conventional manner on modern lines for operating aid.
  • the on-board central computer 34 For each interstation and at any point given by a distance step pk of the order of the length of the vehicle (30 to 40 m), the on-board central computer 34 therefore knows the nominal energy consumption to be supplied E (v, pk) for different maximum speeds v, until the next station stop.
  • This speed value Vr is then transmitted by the on-board computer 34 to destination of the traction system 1 which applies this limitation limitation instruction speed when the pipe manipulator 30 is in the traction position; a report Speed reduction is also issued in the cabin for the driver.
  • the kinetic accumulation system energy When the speed reduction is too great or the sensor speed 38 of the kinetic energy accumulation system detects a threshold minimum speed of the flywheel of motor 10, the kinetic accumulation system energy then regulates a lower output voltage, in order to adapt this voltage to the voltage of the backup autonomy system 6 so far in backup; automatic switching is then performed on this backup 6 by the electronic control circuit 36 which closes the switches 17 (Fig. 1).
  • the battery system 14 allows the vehicle to circulate in mode degraded at reduced speed (typically 25 km / h) until the next station stop; this mode is an exceptional mode and the battery 14 is little used in number of cycles, therefore in service life.
  • the battery system is recharged by a specific charger on deposit or from catenary 3 when the vehicle is traveling on line areas with catenary (Fig. 1).
  • the first start as well as the first journey until the stop of the vehicle is represented by a loop designated by simple arrows.
  • the total power consumed is less than the maximum power available on the kinetic energy accumulation system 5.
  • the second start and the second journey to the next stop of the vehicle is represented by a loop A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 E 2 A 3 designated by the double arrows.
  • the power consumed is regulated by the traction system at the limit of the maximum characteristic of the kinetic accumulation system energy 5; during the traction phase, the central computer 24 measures a overconsumption on the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 compared to the consumption profile stored on this interstation; a reduction of speed is therefore imposed on the vehicle.
  • the speed increases but cannot be maintained at the maximum speed so that during the section B 2 C 2 , the energy consumed is checked compared to an energy gauge by reduction of the speed reference.
  • the third start is assumed to be unexpected, which leads to overconsumption. with maximum speed reduction.
  • the third start and the third trip to stop are represented by the loop A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 E 3 F 3 designated by triple arrows.
  • the vehicle passes from stopping to a maximum speed compatible with the energy remaining available in the kinetic energy accumulation system 5.
  • braking during the section E 3 F 3 ensures energy recovery which when the vehicle stops at point F 3 brings the available energy to the discharge limit of the steering wheel, so that if the stop at point F 3 is at a station with charging means, the flywheel 10 of the engine can be restarted so as to achieve sufficient energy during the parking time of the vehicle to allow it to continue its journey normally.
  • the supply system for electric traction vehicle allows the vehicle to present performance very well suited to urban routes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

Supply system for an electric traction vehicle equipped with electric traction motors (M1 to M4) supplied by a traction system and pantograph means (2) for connecting the traction system (1) to a catenary (3), characterized in that it furthermore comprises in combination, an autonomous supply device carried on board a vehicle and including a kinetic accumulation of energy system (5) having a rotating machine with rotor forming a flywheel and operating either as a motor, or as a generator, means (2, 18) for connecting the kinetic accumulation of energy system (5) in the charging regime to the mains supply during stoppages of the vehicle in stations, and in the discharging regime, to the traction system (1), the said kinetic accumulation of energy system (5) being a system for recovering the braking energy of the vehicle.

Description

La présente invention est relative à l'alimentation en énergie électrique de véhicules de transport en commun à traction électrique et se rapporte plus particulièrement à l'alimentation en énergie électrique de tramways.The present invention relates to the supply of electrical energy electrically-powered transit vehicles and relates more particularly to the supply of electrical energy to trams.

Compte tenu de l'accroissement de la circulation urbaine, il devient nécessaire de pouvoir faire circuler des véhicules de transport en commun tels que des tramways de grande capacité pouvant atteindre 30 à 40 m de longueur et ceci sans faire appel à une alimentation par caténaire, en particulier dans les centres des villes très encombrés d'équipements de toutes sortes, tout en leur assurant des performances et des vitesses commerciales compatibles avec les besoins des systèmes de transport.Given the increase in urban traffic, it becomes necessary to be able to circulate public transport vehicles such large capacity trams up to 30 to 40 m long and this without using catenary power, especially in city centers very crowded with equipment of all kinds, while ensuring performance and commercial speeds compatible with transportation system needs.

On ne connaít pas à ce jour de solution au problème de l'autonomie vis à vis de la caténaire de tramways de grands gabarits.We do not know to date a solution to the problem of autonomy with respect to the catenary of large-size trams.

Les solutions tendant à permettre la circulation autonome, sans caténaire, de véhicules électriques, ne concernent que les petits véhicules de faible capacité et de masse, de l'ordre de 30 tonnes.Solutions tending to allow autonomous circulation, without catenary, electric vehicles, only concern small vehicles with low capacity and mass, around 30 tonnes.

Il existe des systèmes de captation continue de l'énergie électrique par le sol mais ces systèmes posent des problèmes difficiles et coûteux de sécurité et de génie civil.There are continuous electrical energy capture systems by the ground but these systems pose difficult and costly security problems and civil engineering.

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients des dispositifs de la technique antérieure en créant un système d'alimentation en énergie électrique d'un tramway autonome de grande capacité qui allie la simplicité de conception à un prix de revient raisonnable et à une relative facilité d'installation.The invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the devices of the prior art by creating an electrical energy supply system a large capacity autonomous tram that combines simplicity of design with a reasonable cost price and relative ease of installation.

Elle a donc pour objet un système d'alimentation d'un véhicule à traction électrique équipé de moteurs électriques de traction alimentés par un système de traction et des moyens à pantographe de connexion du système de traction à une caténaire, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre en combinaison, un dispositif d'alimentation autonome embarqué à bord d'un véhicule et comprenant un système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie à machine tournante à rotor formant volant d'inertie et fonctionnant soit en moteur, soit en génératrice, des moyens de connexion du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie en régime de charge au secteur d'alimentation pendant les arrêts du véhicule dans des stations, et en régime de décharge, au système de traction, ledit système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie étant un système de récupération de l'énergie de freinage du véhicule. It therefore relates to a power system of a traction vehicle electric equipped with electric traction motors powered by a system traction device and pantograph connection system traction on a catenary, characterized in that it further comprises in combination, an autonomous power supply device on board a vehicle and comprising a kinetic energy storage system with rotating machine with rotor forming a flywheel and operating either as a motor or as a generator, means for connecting the kinetic energy accumulation system in charging regime in the supply sector during vehicle stops in stations, and in discharge mode, to the traction system, said system kinetic energy accumulation being an energy recovery system vehicle braking.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • le dispositif d'alimentation autonome comporte en outre un système d'autonomie de secours pouvant être relié au secteur en vue de sa recharge ou au système de traction en vue de l'alimentation de celui-ci en mode dégradé, comprenant une batterie de traction et un chargeur de ladite batterie à partir du secteur, et des moyens de commutation du système d'autonomie de secours, soit sur le système de traction, soit sur le secteur;
  • le système d'alimentation comporte en outre dans chaque station, un fil de contact d'alimentation du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie à partir du secteur par l'intermédiaire desdits moyens de connexion du système de traction à la caténaire;
  • le système d'alimentation comporte en outre des moyens de commande des moyens de connexion à pantographe en vue de leur mise en contact avec le fil de contact dès l'arrivée du véhicule dans une station et des moyens de commande de retrait des moyens de connexion à pantographe par rapport au fil de contact lorsque le véhicule quitte la station;
  • le système d'alimentation comporte des moyens de gestion de l'énergie du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie en vue de permettre au véhicule d'utiliser au mieux l'énergie dudit système pour lui permettre d'effectuer son parcours entre des recharges à partir du secteur à haute tension dans deux stations successives, un capteur du courant débité par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie vers le système de traction, des moyens tachymétriques de détermination de la vitesse de rotation d'au moins deux moteurs électriques de traction du véhicule et de la distance parcourue par le véhicule et un capteur de la vitesse du volant de la machine tournante du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie étant associés auxdits moyens de gestion;
  • lesdits moyens de gestion comportent un ordinateur central de bord relié par un réseau informatique de bord à un circuit électronique de commande du système de traction et un circuit électronique de commande du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie;
  • l'ordinateur central de bord du véhicule contient des valeurs de vitesses correspondant à des énergies restant à fournir jusqu'au prochain arrêt du véhicule dans une station, lesdites valeurs d'énergie étant destinées à être comparées avec l'énergie encore disponible dans le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie pour délivrer au système de traction des instructions de consigne de limitation de vitesse lorsque le véhicule est dans l'état de traction;
  • le circuit électronique de commande des moyens à accumulation cinétique d'énergie comporte des moyens d'actionnement des moyens de commutation du système d'autonomie de secours sur le système de traction lorsque l'énergie disponible sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie atteint une valeur minimale prédéterminée au-dessous de laquelle le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie n'est plus rechargeable en station au cours d'une durée d'arrêt normale.
According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • the autonomous power supply device also comprises a backup autonomy system which can be connected to the sector for recharging or to the traction system for the supply thereof in degraded mode, comprising a traction battery and a charger for said battery from the mains, and means for switching the standby autonomy system, either on the traction system or on the mains;
  • the supply system further comprises, in each station, a supply contact wire for the kinetic energy accumulation system from the sector by means of said means for connecting the traction system to the catenary;
  • the supply system further comprises means for controlling the pantograph connection means with a view to bringing them into contact with the contact wire as soon as the vehicle arrives at a station and means for controlling the withdrawal of the connection means pantograph with respect to the contact wire when the vehicle leaves the station;
  • the power supply system comprises means for managing the energy of the kinetic energy accumulation system in order to allow the vehicle to make the best use of the energy of said system to allow it to make its journey between recharges at from the high-voltage sector in two successive stations, a sensor of the current supplied by the kinetic energy accumulation system to the traction system, tachometric means for determining the speed of rotation of at least two electric traction motors of the vehicle and the distance traveled by the vehicle and a sensor of the speed of the steering wheel of the rotating machine of the kinetic energy accumulation system being associated with said management means;
  • said management means comprise a central on-board computer connected by an on-board computer network to an electronic circuit for controlling the traction system and an electronic circuit for controlling the kinetic energy accumulation system;
  • the vehicle's on-board central computer contains speed values corresponding to energies remaining to be supplied until the next stop of the vehicle in a station, said energy values being intended to be compared with the energy still available in the system with kinetic energy accumulation for delivering speed limit setpoint instructions to the traction system when the vehicle is in the traction state;
  • the electronic circuit for controlling the kinetic energy storage means includes means for actuating the switching means of the standby autonomy system on the traction system when the energy available on the kinetic energy storage system reaches a predetermined minimum value below which the kinetic energy accumulation system is no longer rechargeable in the station during a normal shutdown period.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est un schéma électrique du circuit de puissance du dispositif d'alimentation en énergie électrique d'un tramway suivant l'invention;
  • la Fig.2 est une vue schématique d'un arrêt de tramway comportant des moyens d'alimentation en énergie électrique des moyens rechargeables disposés à bord du véhicule;
  • la Fig.3 est une vue schématique du système de gestion de l'énergie d'alimentation du tramway; et
  • la Fig.4 est un graphique représentant la gestion de la puissance consommée sur le volant d'inertie du système à récupération cinétique d'énergie.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is an electrical diagram of the power circuit of the electrical energy supply device of a tramway according to the invention;
  • Fig.2 is a schematic view of a tram stop comprising means for supplying electrical energy to the rechargeable means arranged on board the vehicle;
  • Fig.3 is a schematic view of the tram power supply management system; and
  • Fig.4 is a graph representing the management of the power consumed on the flywheel of the kinetic energy recovery system.

Afin de résoudre le problème de l'alimentation en énergie électrique d'un véhicule qui doit parcourir un itinéraire en majeure partie en mode autonome, la Demanderesse a envisagé les solutions suivantes :

  • recharge rapide au cours des arrêts du véhicule dans les stations, d'un système d'accumulation d'énergie cinétique,
  • récupération de l'énergie de freinage du véhicule,
  • réutilisation optimale en mode autonomie des constituants de base du tramway tels que pantographes, équipements de traction, moteurs, etc..,
  • gestion électronique de l'énergie à bord du véhicule avec contrôle actif de la consommation en mode de secours sur batterie,
  • circulation en mode conventionnel par captage d'énergie sur caténaire, à l'extérieur de la zone urbaine.
In order to solve the problem of the electrical energy supply of a vehicle which must travel a route mainly in autonomous mode, the Applicant has considered the following solutions:
  • rapid recharging during vehicle stops at stations of a kinetic energy accumulation system,
  • recovery of vehicle braking energy,
  • optimal reuse in autonomous mode of the basic components of the tramway such as pantographs, traction equipment, engines, etc.,
  • electronic energy management on board the vehicle with active consumption control in battery backup mode,
  • circulation in conventional mode by capturing energy on the catenary, outside the urban area.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté le schéma du circuit de puissance d'un tramway autonome combinant un certain nombre des solutions énoncées plus haut.In Figure 1, there is shown the diagram of the power circuit of a autonomous tram combining a number of the solutions set out above high.

Ce circuit comporte un système de traction 1 alimentant des moteurs M1,M2,M3,M4 d'entraínement des roues du véhicule.This circuit includes a traction system 1 supplying motors M1, M2, M3, M4 driving the vehicle wheels.

Le système de traction 1 est alimenté d'une part en régime conventionnel par un pantographe 2 à partir d'une caténaire 3 et d'autre part, en régime autonome par un dispositif d'alimentation autonome embarqué à bord du véhicule et désigné par la référence numérique générale 4.The traction system 1 is supplied on the one hand in conventional mode by a pantograph 2 from a catenary 3 and on the other hand, in regime autonomous by an autonomous power supply device on board the vehicle and designated by the general reference number 4.

Le dispositif embarqué 4 comporte un système 5 à accumulation cinétique d'énergie et un système 6 d'autonomie de secours tous deux connectés à un point commun 7 avec le pantographe 2 de transmission de l'énergie d'alimentation à partir de la caténaire 3.The on-board device 4 comprises a kinetic accumulation system 5 of energy and a backup autonomy system 6 both connected to a common point 7 with the pantograph 2 for transmitting the supply energy from catenary 3.

Le système 5 à accumulation cinétique d'énergie comporte un moteur synchrone 10 polyphasé à aimants permanents dont le rotor est de façon en soi connue, disposé à l'extérieur et fait office de masse d'inertie.The kinetic energy accumulation system 5 comprises a motor synchronous 10 polyphase with permanent magnets whose rotor is in itself known, arranged outside and acts as a mass of inertia.

Ce moteur est associé à un dispositif électronique d'alimentation 11 à fréquence variable qui permet de réguler une tension fixe en fonction de la vitesse du moteur 10. L'alimentation d'une phase du moteur 10 à l'aide d'un pont de transistors IGBT 12, est représentée sur la figure 1.This motor is associated with an electronic supply device 11 to variable frequency which regulates a fixed voltage as a function of speed of the motor 10. The supply of a phase of the motor 10 using a bridge of IGBT transistors 12, is shown in FIG. 1.

En régime de recharge, la masse du rotor du moteur 10 est entraínée à une vitesse élevée.In charging mode, the mass of the rotor of the motor 10 is driven at a high speed.

En régime de décharge, le moteur fonctionne en génératrice et fournit de l'énergie au système de traction 1.In discharge mode, the engine operates as a generator and provides energy to the traction system 1.

La tension d'alimentation du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie sur le réseau haute tension est fixée à une valeur comprise entre 700 V et 800 V, ce qui permet un fonctionnement du système de traction 1 identique, que celui-ci soit alimenté par la caténaire (tension typique de 750V) ou par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5.The supply voltage of the kinetic energy accumulation system on the high voltage network is set at a value between 700 V and 800 V, which allows identical operation of the traction system 1, that it is supplied by the catenary (typical voltage of 750V) or by the system kinetic energy accumulation 5.

Ceci permet notamment :

  • de garantir de bonnes performances aux véhicules en mode d'autonomie;
  • de commuter aisément entre alimentation par caténaire et alimentation par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 sans faire appel à un système électronique de conversion de tension ni à un organe électromagnétique de connexion;
  • une grande capacité de recharge du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 à partir de l'énergie de freinage récupérée du système de traction 1.
This allows in particular:
  • guarantee good performance for vehicles in range mode;
  • to switch easily between catenary supply and supply by the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 without using an electronic voltage conversion system or an electromagnetic connection member;
  • a large capacity for recharging the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 from the braking energy recovered from the traction system 1.

Le système d'autonomie de secours 6 comporte une batterie de traction 14 à laquelle est associé un chargeur 16 connecté au pantographe 2 afin de le relier soit à la caténaire 3, soit à un circuit d'alimentation extérieur qui sera décrit en référence à la figure 2.The backup autonomy system 6 includes a traction battery 14 with which is associated a charger 16 connected to the pantograph 2 in order to connect it either to the catenary 3, or to an external supply circuit which will be described with reference to Figure 2.

Le système d'autonomie de secours 6 peut être connecté par des interrupteurs 17 en combinaison avec un interrupteur 18, au système de traction 1.The backup autonomy system 6 can be connected by switches 17 in combination with a switch 18, to the traction system 1.

Il peut également être connecté par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur 19 au secteur d'alimentation 3 pour assurer la charge de la batterie de traction 14.It can also be connected via a switch 19 to the power sector 3 to charge the traction battery 14.

Une connexion 20 permet l'alimentation du système de traction 1 par le système 5 à accumulation cinétique d'énergie.A connection 20 enables the traction system 1 to be supplied by the kinetic energy storage system 5.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté schématiquement une station d'arrêt pour un tramway équipé du système d'alimentation de l'invention. Cette station comporte un auvent 22 qui porte un fil de contact 23 situé au-dessus de la voie 24 et alimenté par le secteur à haute tension, ce fil étant destiné à coopérer avec le pantographe 2 du tramway pour assurer la recharge du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 et du système d'autonomie de secours 6 pendant l'arrêt du tramway dans la station.In Figure 2, there is shown schematically a stop station for a tram fitted with the power supply system of the invention. This station has a canopy 22 which carries a contact wire 23 located above the track 24 and supplied by the high voltage sector, this wire being intended to cooperate with tramway pantograph 2 for recharging the storage system kinetics of energy 5 and of the backup autonomy system 6 during shutdown of the tram in the station.

L'originalité de cette architecture réside notamment dans le fait qu'en mode autonomie, le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 fournit à lui seul l'énergie aux équipements auxiliaires du tramway et au système de traction 1. Il n'y a pas de complément d'énergie thermique, électrochimique ou électrique en parallèle sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie. Mais ceci n'est réalisable avec un niveau de performance et de fiabilité suffisant que si les dispositions suivantes sont prévues :

  • Une recharge du système à accumulation d'énergie 5 dans les stations. Le principe de recharge est décrit ci-après par des dispositions simples de captage et de génie civil dans les stations.
  • Une gestion en temps réel de l'énergie disponible comme décrit ci-après. Cette gestion permet d'optimiser les performances du mode autonomie par rapport au profil de consommation imposé par la ligne et par la conduite. Par ailleurs, le système d'autonomie de secours 6 permet, dans les cas ultimes de décharge du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5, la circulation du véhicule en mode dégradé à vitesse réduite (typiquement 25 km/h) jusqu'à la prochaine station ou une zone sous caténaire.
The originality of this architecture resides in particular in the fact that in autonomy mode, the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 alone supplies energy to the auxiliary equipment of the tram and to the traction system 1. There is no no additional thermal, electrochemical or electrical energy in parallel on the kinetic energy accumulation system. However, this can only be achieved with a sufficient level of performance and reliability if the following provisions are provided:
  • A recharge of the energy storage system 5 in the stations. The recharging principle is described below by simple collection and civil engineering arrangements at the stations.
  • Real-time management of available energy as described below. This management makes it possible to optimize the performances of the autonomy mode compared to the consumption profile imposed by the line and by driving. Furthermore, the standby autonomy system 6 allows, in the ultimate cases of discharge of the kinetic energy accumulation system 5, the circulation of the vehicle in degraded mode at reduced speed (typically 25 km / h) up to the next station or catenary area.

Le séquencement du fonctionnement est le suivant : On va donner à titre d'exemple le passage du véhicule d'une zone sous caténaire à une zone en autonomie.

  • 1) Sur commande du conducteur lors de l'arrêt en station (Fig.2), le pantographe 2 est descendu par un dispositif conventionnel de commande (non représenté), les équipements auxiliaires passent en puissance réduite et sont alimentés par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 qui commute en générateur d'énergie.
  • 2) Sur demande du système de traction 1, le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 fournit alors la puissance nécessaire, ce qui permet le démarrage et la montée en vitesse du véhicule; en freinage, le système de traction 1 envoie de l'énergie au système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5.
  • 3) En cas de nécessité de reprises de traction, d'arrêts intempestifs imposés par la conduite ou par la ligne, la consommation sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 augmente sensiblement; une gestion de l'énergie qui sera décrite en référence à la Fig.3, permet alors de limiter cette consommation en optimisant les performances de traction du véhicule tout en lui garantissant une énergie suffisante pour atteindre une prochaine station.
  • 4) A la prochaine station, le pantographe 2 est actionné dans le sens de la montée et le captage d'énergie est effectif en un temps minimal, ce qui permet la recharge du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 et l'alimentation å puissance maximale des auxiliaires du véhicule par le fil de contact 23 (Fig.2).
    • The sequencing of the operation is as follows: We will give as an example the passage of the vehicle from a catenary zone to a zone in autonomy.
  • 1) On the driver's command when stopping at the station (Fig. 2), the pantograph 2 is lowered by a conventional control device (not shown), the auxiliary equipment switches to reduced power and is supplied by the storage system energy kinetics 5 which switches to energy generator.
  • 2) At the request of the traction system 1, the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 then supplies the necessary power, which allows the vehicle to start and speed up; during braking, the traction system 1 sends energy to the kinetic energy accumulation system 5.
  • 3) If it is necessary to resume traction, untimely stops imposed by the pipe or by the line, the consumption on the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 increases appreciably; an energy management which will be described with reference to Fig. 3, then makes it possible to limit this consumption by optimizing the traction performance of the vehicle while guaranteeing it sufficient energy to reach a next station.
  • 4) At the next station, the pantograph 2 is actuated in the upward direction and the energy collection is effective in a minimum time, which allows the recharging of the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 and the supply å maximum power of vehicle auxiliaries via contact wire 23 (Fig. 2).

    • Les niveaux de tensions délivrés par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5, la caténaire 3 et le fil de contact 23, sont compatibles, ce qui permet des commutations aisées de ces sources vis à vis des charges utilisatrices.The voltage levels delivered by the kinetic accumulation system 5, the catenary 3 and the contact wire 23, are compatible, which allows easy switching of these sources with respect to user loads.

    Les performances du système suivant l'invention en mode autonomie sont les suivantes. The performances of the system according to the invention in autonomy mode are the following.

    Sur un parcours type de 500 m entre deux stations, pour une vitesse maximale comprise entre 50 et 60 km/h, les calculs montrent qu'il est possible, par le freinage de récupérer de l'ordre de 30 à 40% de l'énergie consommée en traction. Le complément d'énergie est alors aisément récupérable par les performances de recharge du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 lors d'un arrêt en station d'une durée typique de 15 à 20 s suivant le niveau de décharge.On a typical 500 m course between two stations, for a speed maximum between 50 and 60 km / h, calculations show that it is possible, by braking to recover on the order of 30 to 40% of the energy consumed in traction. The additional energy is then easily recoverable by performance for recharging the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 during a stationary stop of a typical duration of 15 to 20 s depending on the level of discharge.

    Ces performances permettent la suppression de la caténaire sur les nouvelles lignes de tramway, en particulier en centre ville où la vitesse est généralement limitée à 50 km/h; la caténaire ne devient nécessaire que pour des profils particuliers de ligne avec des pentes importantes, ou sur des zones extra-urbaines avec des longueurs importantes entre stations ou nécessitant des vitesses maximales élevées.These performances allow the suppression of the catenary on the new tram lines, especially in the city center where speed is generally limited to 50 km / h; the catenary only becomes necessary for profiles private individuals on steep slopes, or on extra-urban areas with long lengths between stations or requiring speeds high maximum.

    Le captage d'énergie en station est assuré comme suit.Energy capture in stations is ensured as follows.

    Le principe de captage en station est identique à celui sous caténaire. On réutilise le pantographe 2 et le captage s'effectue par le fil 23 situé à hauteur minimale (typiquement 3,60m à 4m) sous l'auvent 22 de la station.The principle of collection at the station is identical to that under catenary. The pantograph 2 is reused and the capture is carried out by the wire 23 located at height minimum (typically 3.60m to 4m) under the canopy 22 of the station.

    Ce fil peut être souple ou rigide et intégré dans l'architecture et l'urbanisme des stations comme représenté à la figure 2.This wire can be flexible or rigid and integrated into architecture and town planning stations as shown in Figure 2.

    Cette solution ne pose pas de problème de sécurité spécifique puisqu'elle est identique à la captation par caténaire.This solution does not pose a specific security problem since it is identical to catenary capture.

    Afin de minimiser le temps de montée du pantographe 2 lors de l'arrivée en station, il est envisageable d'utiliser les balises d'aide à l'exploitation disposées à l'entrée de chaque station, et dont la détection par le véhicule commanderait l'ordre de montée du pantographe 2.To minimize the pantograph 2 rise time upon arrival in the station, it is possible to use the operating aid beacons arranged at the entrance of each station, and whose detection by the vehicle would command pantograph rise order 2.

    La descente du pantographe est commandée par l'ordre de départ du conducteur, le démarrage du véhicule est temporisé et n'est effectif que sur retour d'information du pantographe 2 en position basse.The descent of the pantograph is controlled by the order of departure from driver, vehicle start is timed and only effective on return pantograph 2 information in low position.

    Le temps de montée et de descente du pantographe à cette hauteur de captage est de l'ordre de 1 s.The rise and fall time of the pantograph at this height capture time is around 1 s.

    Ainsi qu'on l'a indiqué plus haut, le bon fonctionnement du système suivant l'invention est conditionné par une gestion rigoureuse de l'énergie disponible.As indicated above, the proper functioning of the system according to the invention is conditioned by a rigorous management of the available energy.

    La figure 3 représente de façon schématique, les moyens de gestion mis en oeuvre dans le système d'alimentation suivant l'invention. FIG. 3 schematically represents the management means implemented in the supply system according to the invention.

    Ces moyens de gestion comprennent des capteurs 25 de la vitesse de rotation de deux des moteurs de traction M1 à M4, connectés à une centrale de tachymétrie 26.These management means comprise sensors 25 for the speed of rotation of two of the traction motors M1 to M4, connected to a central tachymetry 26.

    Par ailleurs, au système de traction est associée un circuit électronique de commande 28 qui est relié d'une part à un manipulateur de conduite 30 et d'autre part, à un réseau informatique de bord 32 dont il reçoit des consignes de vitesse.In addition, the traction system is associated with an electronic circuit 28 which is connected on the one hand to a pipe manipulator 30 and on the other hand, to an on-board computer network 32 from which it receives instructions of speed.

    Le réseau informatique de bord 32 est relié à un ordinateur central de bord 34 et à la centrale tachymétrique 26.The on-board computer network 32 is connected to a central computer of board 34 and to the tachometer 26.

    Il est par ailleurs en liaison avec un circuit électronique de commande 36 associé au système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 dont la machine tournante 10 est reliée à un capteur 38 de vitesse du volant d'inertie.It is also connected to an electronic control circuit 36 associated with the kinetic energy storage system 5 including the machine rotary 10 is connected to a flywheel speed sensor 38.

    Un capteur de courant 40 est connecté dans la ligne reliant le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 au système de traction 1.A current sensor 40 is connected in the line connecting the system kinetic energy accumulation 5 to the traction system 1.

    La gestion de l'énergie du système suivant l'invention est assurée de la façon suivante.The energy management of the system according to the invention is ensured by the following way.

    Le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 délivre ou consomme une puissance P proportionnelle à sa vitesse de rotation Ω, P = k1Ω.Kinetic energy accumulation system 5 delivers or consumes a power P proportional to its speed of rotation Ω, P = k1Ω.

    L'énergie totale E emmagasinée dans le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 est proportionnelle à un moment d'inertie, soit E = k2Ω2.The total energy E stored in the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 is proportional to a moment of inertia, ie E = k2Ω 2 .

    En tout point de vitesse Ω, le contrôle de l'énergie du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie s'effectue donc dans un plan (puissance, énergie), avec pour chaque variation de vitesse ΔΩ, une variation de puissance ΔP= k1 ΔΩ et une variation d'énergie ΔE = k2ΔΩ2.At any speed point Ω, the energy control of the kinetic energy accumulation system is therefore carried out in a plane (power, energy), with for each speed variation ΔΩ, a power variation ΔP = k1 ΔΩ and an energy variation ΔE = k2ΔΩ 2 .

    On remarquera que la représentation de l'énergie consommée en fonction de la puissance instantanée s'effectue selon une parabole passant par le point de puissance maximale Pm pour une énergie maximale Em et pour la vitesse maximale de rotation Ωm du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie.Note that the representation of the energy consumed in function of the instantaneous power is carried out according to a parabola passing through the maximum power point Pm for maximum energy Em and for the maximum speed of rotation Ωm of the kinetic energy accumulation system.

    Pour des facilités de mesure, ainsi qu'une meilleure précision, la mesure d'énergie est réalisée à partir de la mesure du courant I consommé ou récupéré par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (selon son signe), car le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie régule une tension constante dans une très large plage de rotation, ce qui signifie que le courant I est proportionnel à la puissance P. For ease of measurement, as well as better accuracy, the measurement of energy is realized from the measurement of the current I consumed or recovered by the kinetic energy accumulation system (according to its sign), because the kinetic energy accumulation system regulates a constant voltage in a very wide range of rotation, which means that the current I is proportional to the power P.

    Cette mesure est réalisée par le circuit électronique de commande 36 du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie associé au capteur de courant 40 et qui calcule par intégration sur un pas d'échantillonnage, l'énergie consommée et l'énergie restante, en tenant également compte dans ce calcul les valeurs de rendements correspondantes.This measurement is carried out by the electronic control circuit 36 of the kinetic energy accumulation system associated with the current sensor 40 and which calculates by integration over a sampling step, the energy consumed and the remaining energy, also taking into account in this calculation the values of corresponding yields.

    Le repérage du véhicule sur le parcours est assuré comme suit.The location of the vehicle on the route is ensured as follows.

    Le tramway possède de façon classique, un équipement de mesure de vitesse (centrale tachymétrique 26), qui reçoit les mesures de vitesse de deux des moteurs de traction M1 et M4 et en tire une valeur de vitesse de référence du véhicule, ainsi qu'une valeur de distance parcourue à partir d'un instant donné (fonction odomètre); ceci permet à l'ordinateur central 34 du véhicule de connaítre sa position réelle sur le parcours (interstation et position dans l'interstation).The tramway conventionally has measuring equipment speed (central tachometer 26), which receives the speed measurements of two traction motors M1 and M4 and derives a reference speed value of the vehicle, as well as a distance traveled value from a given instant (odometer function); this allows the central computer 34 of the vehicle to know its actual position on the course (interstation and position in the interstation).

    Il est également possible de recaler la position du véhicule via des balises radio (non représentées), situées à différents points du parcours; ces dispositions sont optionnelles mais existent généralement de manière classique sur les lignes modernes pour l'aide à l'exploitation.It is also possible to readjust the vehicle position via radio beacons (not shown), located at different points on the route; these provisions are optional but generally exist in a conventional manner on modern lines for operating aid.

    La consommation énergétique dans les conditions nominales de conduite et d'exploitation du tramway sur chaque interstation est mesurée en phase d'essais préliminaires sur la ligne pour différentes vitesses maximales et est mémorisée dans l'ordinateur central 34 de chaque véhicule.Energy consumption under nominal driving conditions and operating the tram on each interstation is measured in phase of preliminary tests on the line for different maximum speeds and is memorized in the central computer 34 of each vehicle.

    Pour chaque interstation et en tout point donné par un pas de distance pk de l'ordre de la longueur du véhicule (30 à 40 m), l'ordinateur central de bord 34 connaít donc les consommations énergétiques nominales à fournir E (v,pk) pour différentes vitesses maximales v, jusqu'au prochain arrêt en station.For each interstation and at any point given by a distance step pk of the order of the length of the vehicle (30 to 40 m), the on-board central computer 34 therefore knows the nominal energy consumption to be supplied E (v, pk) for different maximum speeds v, until the next station stop.

    Lorsque l'ordinateur central 34 détecte en traction et sur au moins deux pas de distance, une surconsommation sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (seuil réglable de l'ordre de 20% de surconsommation par exemple), il recherche en mémoire dans sa table de consommation la valeur de vitesse v = Vr pour laquelle l'énergie restant à fournir jusqu'au prochain arrêt dans une station (en intégrant le freinage), est immédiatement inférieure à un seuil limite calculé pour pouvoir recharger le volant pendant le temps d'arrêt prévu pour cette station.When the central computer 34 detects in traction and at least two steps apart, overconsumption on the kinetic accumulation system energy (adjustable threshold of around 20% overconsumption by example), it searches its memory table for the value of speed v = Vr for which the energy remaining to be supplied until the next stop in a station (including braking), is immediately less than one threshold limit calculated to be able to recharge the steering wheel during the scheduled downtime for this station.

    Cette valeur de vitesse Vr est alors émise par l'ordinateur de bord 34 à destination du système de traction 1 qui applique cette consigne de limitation de vitesse lorsque le manipulateur de conduite 30 est en position traction; un signalement de réduction de vitesse est également émis en cabine pour le conducteur.This speed value Vr is then transmitted by the on-board computer 34 to destination of the traction system 1 which applies this limitation limitation instruction speed when the pipe manipulator 30 is in the traction position; a report Speed reduction is also issued in the cabin for the driver.

    En freinage, cette réduction est inhibée afin de rendre maximale la récupération d'énergie.During braking, this reduction is inhibited in order to maximize the energy recovery.

    Lorsque la réduction de vitesse est trop importante ou que le capteur de vitesse 38 du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie détecte un seuil vitesse minimal du volant d'inertie du moteur 10, le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie régule alors une tension de sortie plus faible, afin d'adapter cette tension à la tension du système d'autonomie de secours 6 jusque là en sauvegarde; une commutation automatique est alors réalisée sur ce système de secours 6 par le circuit électronique de commande 36 qui ferme les interrupteurs 17 (Fig.1).When the speed reduction is too great or the sensor speed 38 of the kinetic energy accumulation system detects a threshold minimum speed of the flywheel of motor 10, the kinetic accumulation system energy then regulates a lower output voltage, in order to adapt this voltage to the voltage of the backup autonomy system 6 so far in backup; automatic switching is then performed on this backup 6 by the electronic control circuit 36 which closes the switches 17 (Fig. 1).

    Le système à batterie 14 permet la circulation du véhicule en mode dégradé à vitesse réduite (typiquement 25 km/h) jusqu'au prochain arrêt en station; ce mode est un mode exceptionnel et la batterie 14 est peu sollicitée en nombre de cycles, donc en durée de vie.The battery system 14 allows the vehicle to circulate in mode degraded at reduced speed (typically 25 km / h) until the next station stop; this mode is an exceptional mode and the battery 14 is little used in number of cycles, therefore in service life.

    Le système à batterie est rechargé par un chargeur spécifique en dépôt ou à partir de la caténaire 3 lorsque le véhicule circule sur des zones de ligne avec caténaire (Fig. 1).The battery system is recharged by a specific charger on deposit or from catenary 3 when the vehicle is traveling on line areas with catenary (Fig. 1).

    Le principe de contrôle actif d'énergie est représenté schématiquement à la figure 4 à travers l'exemple d'interstation suivant.The principle of active energy control is shown schematically in Figure 4 through the following interstation example.

    Le premier démarrage ainsi que le premier parcours jusqu'à l'arrêt du véhicule est représenté par une boucle désignée par des flèches simples.The first start as well as the first journey until the stop of the vehicle is represented by a loop designated by simple arrows.

    La puissance totale consommée est inférieure à la puissance maximale disponible sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5.The total power consumed is less than the maximum power available on the kinetic energy accumulation system 5.

    Au cours de ce premier cycle, la vitesse atteint une valeur maximale au point E1, puis se maintient à cette valeur au cours du tronçon E1F1. Au cours du tronçon F1A2 se produit un freinage avec récupération d'énergie.During this first cycle, the speed reaches a maximum value at point E 1 , then remains at this value during the section E 1 F 1 . During section F 1 A 2, braking takes place with energy recovery.

    Le second démarrage et le second parcours jusqu'à l'arrêt suivant du véhicule est représenté par une boucle A2B2C2D2E2A3 désignée par les flèches doubles.The second start and the second journey to the next stop of the vehicle is represented by a loop A 2 B 2 C 2 D 2 E 2 A 3 designated by the double arrows.

    La puissance consommée est régulée par le système de traction à la limite de la caractéristique maximale du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5; au cours de la phase de traction, l'ordinateur central 24 mesure une surconsommation sur le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5 par rapport au profil de consommation mémorisé sur cette interstation; une réduction de vitesse est donc imposée au véhicule.The power consumed is regulated by the traction system at the limit of the maximum characteristic of the kinetic accumulation system energy 5; during the traction phase, the central computer 24 measures a overconsumption on the kinetic energy accumulation system 5 compared to the consumption profile stored on this interstation; a reduction of speed is therefore imposed on the vehicle.

    Au cours du tronçon B2C2, la vitesse croít mais ne peut être maintenue à la vitesse maximale de sorte que pendant le tronçon B2C2, on procède au contrôle de l'énergie consommée comparée à un gabarit d'énergie par réduction de la consigne de vitesse.During the section B 2 C 2 , the speed increases but cannot be maintained at the maximum speed so that during the section B 2 C 2 , the energy consumed is checked compared to an energy gauge by reduction of the speed reference.

    Au cours du tronçon C2D2, on atteint un nouveau palier de vitesse. Cette vitesse inférieure à la vitesse au cours du palier E1f1 est maintenue au cours du palier D2E2.During the section C 2 D 2 , a new speed level is reached. This speed lower than the speed during the plateau E 1 f 1 is maintained during the plateau D 2 E 2 .

    Puis au cours du tronçon E2A3, intervient un freinage avec récupération d'énergie jusqu'à l'arrêt du véhicule.Then during section E 2 A 3 , braking with energy recovery takes place until the vehicle stops.

    Le troisième démarrage est supposé inopiné, ce qui induit une surconsommation avec réduction de vitesse maximale.The third start is assumed to be unexpected, which leads to overconsumption. with maximum speed reduction.

    Le troisième démarrage et le troisième parcours jusqu'à l'arrêt sont représentés par la boucle A3B3C3D3E3F3 désignée par des flèches triples.The third start and the third trip to stop are represented by the loop A 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 E 3 F 3 designated by triple arrows.

    Au cours du tronçon A3B3 le véhicule passe de l'arrêt à une vitesse maximale compatible avec l'énergie restant disponible dans le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie 5.During the section A 3 B 3, the vehicle passes from stopping to a maximum speed compatible with the energy remaining available in the kinetic energy accumulation system 5.

    Au cours du tronçon B3C3, il y a à nouveau réduction de la vitesse de consigne et au cours du tronçon C3D3, la vitesse du véhicule évolue vers un palier qui se maintient au cours du tronçon D3E3.During the section B 3 C 3 , there is again a reduction in the set speed and during the section C 3 D 3 , the vehicle speed evolves towards a level which is maintained during the section D 3 E 3 .

    On voit qu'au cours de ce palier, la zone limite de décharge du volant 10 (Fig.1) indiquée par la ligne horizontale en pointillé L, est dépassée.We can see that during this landing, the limit area of the flywheel discharge 10 (Fig. 1) indicated by the horizontal dotted line L, is exceeded.

    Cependant, un freinage, au cours du tronçon E3F3 assure une récupération d'énergie qui lors de l'arrêt du véhicule au point F3 ramène l'énergie disponible à la limite de décharge du volant, de sorte que si l'arrêt au point F3 se trouve à une station disposant de moyens de charge, le volant 10 du moteur peut être relancé de manière à atteindre une énergie suffisante au cours du temps de stationnement du véhicule pour lui permettre de poursuivre normalement son parcours.However, braking, during the section E 3 F 3 ensures energy recovery which when the vehicle stops at point F 3 brings the available energy to the discharge limit of the steering wheel, so that if the stop at point F 3 is at a station with charging means, the flywheel 10 of the engine can be restarted so as to achieve sufficient energy during the parking time of the vehicle to allow it to continue its journey normally.

    Si au contraire, le palier de vitesse se prolonge au-delà du tronçon D3E3, comme indiqué en pointillé par la flèche f, il y a commutation sur le système d'autonomie de secours 6 qui permet d'alimenter le système de traction 1 de façon que le tramway puisse rejoindre la prochaine station en régime dégradé avec une vitesse de l'ordre de 25 km/h.If, on the contrary, the speed level extends beyond the section D 3 E 3 , as indicated by the dotted line by the arrow f, there is switching to the standby autonomy system 6 which makes it possible to power the traction 1 so that the tram can reach the next station in degraded conditions with a speed of the order of 25 km / h.

    Cette commutation est assurée par le circuit électronique de commande 36 qui commande la fermeture des interrupteurs 17 (Fig.1).This switching is ensured by the electronic control circuit 36 which controls the closing of the switches 17 (Fig. 1).

    Grâce à l'agencement qui vient d'être décrit, le système d'alimentation pour véhicule à traction électrique permet au véhicule de présenter des performances très bien adaptées aux parcours urbains.Thanks to the arrangement which has just been described, the supply system for electric traction vehicle allows the vehicle to present performance very well suited to urban routes.

    Par ailleurs, le coût d'un tel système est relativement réduit par rapport aux performances obtenues tandis que sa sécurité et sa fiabilité sont remarquables.Furthermore, the cost of such a system is relatively reduced compared to performance achieved while its safety and reliability are remarkable.

    Claims (8)

    Système d'alimentation d'un véhicule à traction électrique équipé de moteurs électriques de traction (M1 à M4) alimentés par un système de traction et des moyens à pantographe (2) de connexion du système de traction (1) à un caténaire (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre en combinaison, un dispositif d'alimentation autonome embarqué à bord d'un véhicule et comprenant un système (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie à machine tournante à rotor formant volant d'inertie et fonctionnant soit en moteur, soit en génératrice, des moyens (2,18) de connexion du système (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie en régime de charge au secteur d'alimentation pendant les arrêts du véhicule dans des stations, et en régime de décharge, au système de traction (1), ledit système (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie étant un système de récupération de l'énergie de freinage du véhicule.Power system of an electric traction vehicle equipped with electric traction motors (M1 to M4) powered by a traction system and pantograph means (2) for connecting the traction system (1) to a catenary (3), characterized in that it further comprises in combination, a device autonomous power supply on board a vehicle and comprising a kinetic energy storage system (5) with rotary machine forming rotor flywheel and operating either as a motor or as a generator, means (2,18) for connecting the kinetic energy storage system (5) in load mode to the power sector during vehicle stops in stations, and in discharge mode, to the traction system (1), said kinetic energy storage system (5) being a recovery system braking energy of the vehicle. Système d'alimentation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'alimentation autonome (4) comporte en outre un système d'autonomie de secours (6) pouvant être relié au secteur en vue de sa recharge ou au système de traction (1) en vue de l'alimentation de celui-ci en mode dégradé, et comprenant une batterie de traction (14) et un chargeur (16) de ladite batterie à partir du secteur, et des moyens (17,19) de commutation du système d'autonomie de secours (6), soit sur le système de traction, soit sur le secteur.Feed system according to claim 1, characterized in that the autonomous supply device (4) further comprises a system backup autonomy (6) which can be connected to the mains for recharging or to the traction system (1) with a view to supplying the latter in degraded mode, and comprising a traction battery (14) and a charger (16) of said battery from the mains, and means (17,19) for switching the system backup autonomy (6), either on the traction system or on the sector. Système d'alimentation suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre dans chaque station, un fil de contact (23) d'alimentation du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (5) à partir du secteur par l'intermédiaire desdits moyens (2,18) de connexion du système de traction à la caténaire (3).Feeding system according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises in each station, a contact wire (23) supplying the kinetic energy accumulation system (5) from the sector via said means (2,18) for connection of the catenary traction (3). Système d'alimentation suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre des moyens de commande des moyens de connexion à pantographe (2) en vue de leur mise en contact avec le fil de contact (23) dès l'arrivée du véhicule dans une station et des moyens de commande de retrait des moyens de connexion à pantographe (2) par rapport au fil de contact (23) lorsque le véhicule quitte la station.Feeding system according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises means for controlling means of connection to pantograph (2) for their contact with the contact wire (23) from the arrival of the vehicle at a station and means for controlling the removal of pantograph connection means (2) relative to the contact wire (23) when the vehicle leaves the station. Système d'alimentation suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (28,32,34,36) de gestion de l'énergie du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (5) en vue de permettre au véhicule d'utiliser au mieux l'énergie dudit système pour lui permettre d'effectuer son parcours entre des recharges à partir du secteur à haute tension dans deux stations successives, un capteur (40) du courant débité par le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (5) vers le système de traction (1), des moyens tachymétriques (25,26) de détermination de la vitesse de rotation d'au moins deux moteurs électriques (M1,M4) de traction du véhicule et de la distance parcourue par le véhicule et un capteur (38) de la vitesse du volant de la machine tournante (10) du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie étant associés auxdits moyens de gestion.Feeding system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises means (28, 32, 34, 36) of energy management kinetic energy storage system (5) to enable the vehicle to make the best use of the energy of said system to allow it to perform its route between recharges from the high-voltage sector in two stations successive, a sensor (40) of the current delivered by the accumulation system kinetics of energy (5) towards the traction system (1), tachometric means (25,26) for determining the speed of rotation of at least two electric motors (M1, M4) for vehicle traction and distance traveled by the vehicle and a sensor (38) of the speed of the steering wheel of the rotating machine (10) of the kinetic energy accumulation system being associated with said management resources. Système d'alimentation suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de gestion comportent un ordinateur central de bord (34) relié par un réseau informatique de bord (32) à un circuit électronique de commande (28) du système de traction (1) et un circuit électronique de commande (36) du système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (5).Feed system according to claim 5, characterized in that said management means comprise a central on-board computer (34) connected by an on-board computer network (32) to an electronic control circuit (28) of the traction system (1) and an electronic control circuit (36) of the kinetic energy accumulation system (5). Système d'alimentation suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'ordinateur central de bord (34) du véhicule contient des valeurs de vitesses correspondant à des énergies restant à fournir jusqu'au prochain arrêt du véhicule dans une station, lesdites valeurs d'énergie étant destinées à être comparées avec l'énergie encore disponible dans le système (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie pour délivrer au système de traction (1) des instructions de consigne de limitation de vitesse lorsque le véhicule est dans l'état de traction.Feeding system according to claim 6, characterized in the on-board central computer (34) of the vehicle contains speed values corresponding to energies remaining to be supplied until the next stop of the vehicle in a station, said energy values being intended to be compared with the energy still available in the kinetic accumulation system (5) of energy to deliver setpoint instructions to the traction system (1) speed limit when the vehicle is in the traction state. Système d'alimentation suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le circuit électronique de commande (36) des moyens (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie comporte des moyens d'actionnement des moyens de commutation (17) du système d'autonomie de secours (6) sur le système de traction (1) lorsque l'énergie disponible sur le système (5) à accumulation cinétique d'énergie atteint une valeur minimale prédéterminée au-dessous de laquelle le système à accumulation cinétique d'énergie (5) n'est plus rechargeable en station au cours d'une durée d'arrêt normale.Feeding system according to claim 6, characterized in that the electronic control circuit (36) of the accumulation means (5) kinetics of energy includes means for actuating switching means (17) of the standby autonomy system (6) on the traction system (1) when the energy available on the kinetic accumulation system (5) energy reaches a predetermined minimum value below which the kinetic energy storage system (5) is no longer rechargeable at the station during a normal stop time.
    EP99402060A 1998-08-28 1999-08-13 Power supply system for an electric driven vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP0982176B1 (en)

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    EP1245432A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-02 Alstom Method and device of controlling the electric power supply of an electric driven vehicle for operation in an external mode or an autonomous mode
    FR2822764A1 (en) * 2001-03-29 2002-10-04 Alstom METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF AN ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN VEHICLE FOR OPERATION IN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY MODE OR IN AUTONOMOUS POWER SUPPLY MODE
    US6864598B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2005-03-08 Alstom Method of and a system for controlling the supply of electrical power to an electrically propelled vehicle designed to operate in an external power supply mode or in an autonomous power supply mode
    CZ298810B6 (en) * 2001-03-29 2008-02-13 Alstom Method of controlling supply of electrical power to electrically propelled vehicle designed to operate in external power supply mode or in autonomous power supply mode and system for making the same
    CN101772437B (en) * 2007-06-29 2013-07-17 阿尔斯通运输股份有限公司 Power supply installation for a railway vehicle
    DE102009039684A1 (en) 2009-09-02 2011-03-31 Voith Patent Gmbh Hybrid drive system for rail vehicle, has storage battery charged by electrical generator and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and direct current intermediate circuit supplied by complete energy
    CN104221277A (en) * 2011-11-22 2014-12-17 昆腾燃料系统技术全球公司 Combination charger and motive power device
    CN104221277B (en) * 2011-11-22 2018-09-18 昆腾燃料系统有限责任公司 Combined charging device and power plant

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    JP3234203B2 (en) 2001-12-04
    FR2782680B1 (en) 2000-11-17
    ATE528166T1 (en) 2011-10-15
    CA2280417C (en) 2004-04-20
    CA2280417A1 (en) 2000-02-28
    ES2371852T3 (en) 2012-01-10
    EP0982176B1 (en) 2011-10-12
    FR2782680A1 (en) 2000-03-03
    US6294886B1 (en) 2001-09-25
    JP2000078702A (en) 2000-03-14

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