EP0979544A1 - A plug and socket assembly for remote handling - Google Patents

A plug and socket assembly for remote handling

Info

Publication number
EP0979544A1
EP0979544A1 EP98917417A EP98917417A EP0979544A1 EP 0979544 A1 EP0979544 A1 EP 0979544A1 EP 98917417 A EP98917417 A EP 98917417A EP 98917417 A EP98917417 A EP 98917417A EP 0979544 A1 EP0979544 A1 EP 0979544A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plug
socket
assembly according
socket assembly
biasing member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98917417A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0979544B1 (en
Inventor
David Frank Cunliffe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sellafield Ltd
Original Assignee
British Nuclear Fuels PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by British Nuclear Fuels PLC filed Critical British Nuclear Fuels PLC
Publication of EP0979544A1 publication Critical patent/EP0979544A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0979544B1 publication Critical patent/EP0979544B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/26—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for engaging or disengaging the two parts of a coupling device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms
    • G21F7/06—Structural combination with remotely-controlled apparatus, e.g. with manipulators
    • G21F7/066—Remotely manipulated tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/631—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only
    • H01R13/6315—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for engagement only allowing relative movement between coupling parts, e.g. floating connection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plug and socket assembly suitable for remote handling.
  • manipulators are good at linear positioning, they are not so good where placement in an axial direction relative to the manipulator and rotation about the axis are required since there is frequently little or no compliance in conventional plug and socket designs and it is also frequently not possible for an operator to determine how much force is being applied by the manipulator, consequently leading to breakages.
  • Many current plug and socket designs for use in hazardous areas are very expensive and overly complex for the use to which they are intended to be put.
  • a plug and socket assembly for remote handling and making and breaking a connection therebetween, the plug assembly comprising a plug portion and a socket portion having mutual co-operating features to establish a connection therebetween; said plug portion and said socket portion having a substantially common connection making and breaking axis; at least one of said plug portion and said socket portion having a deflectable resilient biasing member which biases said plug portion or said socket portion towards a desired axis; and, handling means associated with the resilient biasing member remote from said plug or socket portion.
  • the plug portion and/or the socket portion may have features which assist in the guiding together of the plug and socket.
  • the plug may be housed within a generally cylindrical body member having, for example, a divergent bell-mouth taper and the socket may be housed within a co-operating housing which includes an inwardly directed taper at its leading end to co-operate with the bell-mouth taper of the plug so as to provide guidance towards each other. Provision of the plug and socket portions per se within housings ensures that at the point of making a connection, the plug and socket portions are in the required axial alignment.
  • one of either the plug portion or the socket portion may be held in a fixed orientation by being mounted on a piece of plant or on a feature, such as a shelf or wall, of the environment in which it housed.
  • the other of the plug or socket portion will generally be remotely handled by means such as a manipulator, for example, and will generally be provided with the resilient biasing member.
  • the resilient biasing member may be, in one embodiment of the present invention, a coil spring able to support the mass of the plug or socket member and hold it in a horizontal position for example without significant drooping away from the common making and breaking axis. Where there is slight misalignment between the plug portion and socket portion when the remote handling means is attempting to make or break a connection therebetween, the biasing member allows either the portion to which it is attached to deflect by the appropriate amount to provide for easy insertion or extraction without placing undue or excessive stress on the components.
  • an extension limiting member may be attached between the plug or socket portion and the handling means on the end of the spring remote from the plug or socket.
  • Such an extension limiting member may comprise a length of wire cable joined to the plug or socket portion and the handling means on an end of the resilient biasing member remote from the plug or socket portion.
  • the handling means may be a tab suitable for gripping by a manipulator.
  • plugs and sockets which have definite features which need to be mated in a particular rotational orientation may be dealt with by providing the plug and socket portions with alignment means such as, for example, a co-operating axially directed raised spine on the socket portion for example and a groove in the plug portion housing in which the spine is received and in which it is able to slide. Suitable tapers and lead- ins may be provided to ease initial alignment.
  • Plug and socket assemblies of the present invention may provide for electrical, hydraulic, gaseous and mechanical connection purposes.
  • Figure 1 shows a side elevation of an example of a first embodiment of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention
  • FIG. 1 shows an end elevation of the socket of Figure
  • Figure 3 shows an elevation of a second embodiment of a plug of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows the plug of Figure 3, its co-operating socket and other associated equipment in use
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic side elevation of a junction box utilising plug and socket assemblies according to the present invention.
  • FIGs 1 to 3 show a first embodiment 10 of a plug and socket assembly for providing a power supply for example to a piece of plant such as a junction box (see Figure 4 below) .
  • the assembly comprises a plug portion 12 and a socket portion 14.
  • the plug portion includes a metal housing sheath 16 for receiving a plug 18 per se of whatever type may be required and indicated only by its pins 20 as dashed lines.
  • the housing 16 has a tapered bell-mouthed lead-in 22 which co-operates with a tapered portion 24 at the nose of a housing 26 which contains a socket 30 per se to receive the pins 20 of the plug 18.
  • the socket portion 14 is fixed to a convenient platform 32 in a predetermined orientation.
  • the housing 16 Since it is necessary for the plug 18 and socket 30 to be in a predetermined rotational orientation to enable mating, the housing 16 is provided with slot 34 which engages with a raised spine 36 on the socket housing 26 to ensure correct rotational orientation.
  • the housing 16 is further provided with a resilient biasing member 40 in the form of a coil spring secured to one end thereof by means of a clamp ring 42. Handling means in the form of a tab 44 on a collar 46 are fixed to the spring 40 at the end remote from the housing 16 by means of a second clamp ring 48, the tab 44 providing convenient gripping means for the fingers 50 of a manipulator (not shown) .
  • a wire cable extension limiting member 52 is connected between the two clamp rings 42, 48.
  • a route for a cable 56 from the plug 18 is provided by bores through the housing 16, spring 40 and collar 46 and similarly with a cable 58 from the socket 30.
  • the fingers 50 of the manipulator grip the tab 44 and, in the horizontal position indicated in Figure 1, the coil spring 40 is of sufficient stiffness to support the plug portion 12 without significant drooping and to all intents the plug portion, spring and handling tab and collar may be moved about as if they were a solid unit.
  • the operator of the manipulator merely has to align the plug portion 12 and socket portion 14 relatively closely and move the plug assembly towards the socket portion 14.
  • the tapers 22 and 24 assist in initial entry of the housing 26 into the plug housing 16 whilst the slot 34 and spine 36 ensure correct rotational alignment.
  • the coil spring 40 may deflect at relatively low levels of force to enable the two axes to align and form an essentially common axis to enable making of the connection.
  • the coil spring 40 will twist about the axis 60 under low force to enable mating of the two components.
  • the manipulator it is merely necessary for the manipulator to pull the plug portion assembly from right to left as viewed in Figure 1.
  • the extension limiting member 52 becomes taught and effectively prevents any further extension and permits the plug to be removed.
  • FIGs 3 and 4 show elevations of a second embodiment 70 of a plug portion assembly of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention.
  • the features are essentially similar to those shown with reference to Figures 1 and 2 but in this case the plug and socket (see Figure 5) are for connecting coaxial cable 72 and since coaxial cable plugs and sockets are rotationally symmetrical the slot 34 and spine 36 are omitted.
  • the first clamp ring 42 is further provided with a hook 74 so that the plug may be stored on the side of a basket 76 and sensor housing 80 assembly which carries a flying lead 78 of a proximity switch.
  • the basket and sensor housing is carried by a handle 84 to its required position on apparatus to be monitored (not shown) and lowered into position.
  • the plug 70 is then removed by the manipulator 50 from the basket 76 on which it is suspended by the hook 74 and moved to its position on a junction box (see Figure 5) .
  • the flying lead 78 is unravelled from the basket. This embodiment functions in a similar manner to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • Figure 5 shows a junction box 80 having plug and socket assemblies 10 and 70 according to the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

A plug and socket assembly for remote handling and making and breaking a connection therebetween is described, the plug and socket assembly comprising a plug portion and a socket portion having mutual co-operating features to establish a connection therebetween; said plug portion and said socket portion having a substantially common connection making and breaking axis; at least one of said plug portion and said socket portion having a deflectable resilient biasing member which biases said plug portion or said socket portion towards said common making and breaking axis; and, handling means associated with the resilient biasing member remote from said plug or socket portion.

Description

A PLUG AND SOCKET ASSEMBLY FOR REMOTE HANDLING
The present invention relates to a plug and socket assembly suitable for remote handling.
Difficulties arise in hazardous environments for example where connections between plugs and sockets have to be made and/or broken remotely by, for example, manipulator arms or other remote handling devices. Whilst manipulators are good at linear positioning, they are not so good where placement in an axial direction relative to the manipulator and rotation about the axis are required since there is frequently little or no compliance in conventional plug and socket designs and it is also frequently not possible for an operator to determine how much force is being applied by the manipulator, consequently leading to breakages. Many current plug and socket designs for use in hazardous areas are very expensive and overly complex for the use to which they are intended to be put.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a plug and socket assembly for easily making and breaking plug and socket connections by remote handling means such as manipulator arms for example.
According to the present invention there is provided a plug and socket assembly for remote handling and making and breaking a connection therebetween, the plug assembly comprising a plug portion and a socket portion having mutual co-operating features to establish a connection therebetween; said plug portion and said socket portion having a substantially common connection making and breaking axis; at least one of said plug portion and said socket portion having a deflectable resilient biasing member which biases said plug portion or said socket portion towards a desired axis; and, handling means associated with the resilient biasing member remote from said plug or socket portion.
The plug portion and/or the socket portion may have features which assist in the guiding together of the plug and socket. For example, the plug may be housed within a generally cylindrical body member having, for example, a divergent bell-mouth taper and the socket may be housed within a co-operating housing which includes an inwardly directed taper at its leading end to co-operate with the bell-mouth taper of the plug so as to provide guidance towards each other. Provision of the plug and socket portions per se within housings ensures that at the point of making a connection, the plug and socket portions are in the required axial alignment.
Generally one of either the plug portion or the socket portion may be held in a fixed orientation by being mounted on a piece of plant or on a feature, such as a shelf or wall, of the environment in which it housed. The other of the plug or socket portion will generally be remotely handled by means such as a manipulator, for example, and will generally be provided with the resilient biasing member.
The resilient biasing member may be, in one embodiment of the present invention, a coil spring able to support the mass of the plug or socket member and hold it in a horizontal position for example without significant drooping away from the common making and breaking axis. Where there is slight misalignment between the plug portion and socket portion when the remote handling means is attempting to make or break a connection therebetween, the biasing member allows either the portion to which it is attached to deflect by the appropriate amount to provide for easy insertion or extraction without placing undue or excessive stress on the components.
Where the resilient biasing member is a coil spring for example, more extension of the spring than is desirable may occur on breaking of the connection if misalignment between the pulling force direction applied by the remote handling means and the plug/socket common axis is present. In such circumstances the plug and socket may suddenly become disconnected and damage may occur to the component to which it is attached when the spring then suddenly retracts. To obviate such effects, an extension limiting member may be attached between the plug or socket portion and the handling means on the end of the spring remote from the plug or socket. Such an extension limiting member may comprise a length of wire cable joined to the plug or socket portion and the handling means on an end of the resilient biasing member remote from the plug or socket portion. Once a predetermined extension of the spring occurs, the wire cable prevents any further extension and effectively creates a fixed length link to enable the connection to be broken without a large rise in stored energy in the resilient biasing member.
The handling means may be a tab suitable for gripping by a manipulator.
In the case of a plug and socket intended for joining coaxial cable, for example, where there is no need for rotational orientation about the common making and breaking axis. However, plugs and sockets which have definite features which need to be mated in a particular rotational orientation may be dealt with by providing the plug and socket portions with alignment means such as, for example, a co-operating axially directed raised spine on the socket portion for example and a groove in the plug portion housing in which the spine is received and in which it is able to slide. Suitable tapers and lead- ins may be provided to ease initial alignment.
Plug and socket assemblies of the present invention may provide for electrical, hydraulic, gaseous and mechanical connection purposes.
In order that the present invention may be more fully understood, examples will now be described by way of illustration only with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of an example of a first embodiment of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention;
Figure 2 shows an end elevation of the socket of Figure
1;
Figure 3 shows an elevation of a second embodiment of a plug of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention;
Figure 4 shows the plug of Figure 3, its co-operating socket and other associated equipment in use; and
Figure 5 which shows a schematic side elevation of a junction box utilising plug and socket assemblies according to the present invention. Referring now to the drawings and where the same features are denoted by common reference numerals.
Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment 10 of a plug and socket assembly for providing a power supply for example to a piece of plant such as a junction box (see Figure 4 below) . The assembly comprises a plug portion 12 and a socket portion 14. The plug portion includes a metal housing sheath 16 for receiving a plug 18 per se of whatever type may be required and indicated only by its pins 20 as dashed lines. The housing 16 has a tapered bell-mouthed lead-in 22 which co-operates with a tapered portion 24 at the nose of a housing 26 which contains a socket 30 per se to receive the pins 20 of the plug 18. The socket portion 14 is fixed to a convenient platform 32 in a predetermined orientation. Since it is necessary for the plug 18 and socket 30 to be in a predetermined rotational orientation to enable mating, the housing 16 is provided with slot 34 which engages with a raised spine 36 on the socket housing 26 to ensure correct rotational orientation. The housing 16 is further provided with a resilient biasing member 40 in the form of a coil spring secured to one end thereof by means of a clamp ring 42. Handling means in the form of a tab 44 on a collar 46 are fixed to the spring 40 at the end remote from the housing 16 by means of a second clamp ring 48, the tab 44 providing convenient gripping means for the fingers 50 of a manipulator (not shown) . A wire cable extension limiting member 52 is connected between the two clamp rings 42, 48. A route for a cable 56 from the plug 18 is provided by bores through the housing 16, spring 40 and collar 46 and similarly with a cable 58 from the socket 30. In operation, the fingers 50 of the manipulator grip the tab 44 and, in the horizontal position indicated in Figure 1, the coil spring 40 is of sufficient stiffness to support the plug portion 12 without significant drooping and to all intents the plug portion, spring and handling tab and collar may be moved about as if they were a solid unit. However, when the plug and socket are to be connected the operator of the manipulator merely has to align the plug portion 12 and socket portion 14 relatively closely and move the plug assembly towards the socket portion 14. The tapers 22 and 24 assist in initial entry of the housing 26 into the plug housing 16 whilst the slot 34 and spine 36 ensure correct rotational alignment. If , however, the axes 60, 62 of the plug 18 and socket 30, respectively are slightly misaligned, the coil spring 40 may deflect at relatively low levels of force to enable the two axes to align and form an essentially common axis to enable making of the connection. Similarly, if the rotational alignment between the slot 34 and spine 36 are slightly out of register, the coil spring 40 will twist about the axis 60 under low force to enable mating of the two components. In order to break the connection, it is merely necessary for the manipulator to pull the plug portion assembly from right to left as viewed in Figure 1. However, if there is some misalignment between the disconnection force application direction and the axes 60, 62 such that the spring 40 starts to stretch, the extension limiting member 52 becomes taught and effectively prevents any further extension and permits the plug to be removed.
Figures 3 and 4 show elevations of a second embodiment 70 of a plug portion assembly of a plug and socket assembly according to the present invention. In this embodiment the features are essentially similar to those shown with reference to Figures 1 and 2 but in this case the plug and socket (see Figure 5) are for connecting coaxial cable 72 and since coaxial cable plugs and sockets are rotationally symmetrical the slot 34 and spine 36 are omitted. In the particular embodiment shown, the first clamp ring 42 is further provided with a hook 74 so that the plug may be stored on the side of a basket 76 and sensor housing 80 assembly which carries a flying lead 78 of a proximity switch. The basket and sensor housing is carried by a handle 84 to its required position on apparatus to be monitored (not shown) and lowered into position. Once the sensor is located, the plug 70 is then removed by the manipulator 50 from the basket 76 on which it is suspended by the hook 74 and moved to its position on a junction box (see Figure 5) . As the plug 70 is being moved from the basket 76 to its socket 86, the flying lead 78 is unravelled from the basket. This embodiment functions in a similar manner to the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 5 shows a junction box 80 having plug and socket assemblies 10 and 70 according to the present invention.

Claims

1. A plug and socket assembly for remote handling and making and breaking a connection therebetween, the plug assembly comprising a plug portion and a socket portion having mutual co-operating features to establish a connection therebetween; said plug portion and said socket portion having a substantially common connection making and breaking axis; at least one of said plug portion and said socket portion having a deflectable resilient biasing member which permits said plug portion or said socket portion to be deflected towards a -desired axis; and, handling means associated with the resilient biasing member remote from said plug or socket portion.
2. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 1 wherein the plug portion and/or the socket portion has features which assist in the guiding together of the plug and socket.
3. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 2 wherein the features include a divergent bell-mouth taper on one of a plug or socket housing and an inwardly directed taper on the other of a plug or socket housing.
4. A plug and socket assembly according to any one preceding claim wherein one of either the plug portion or the socket portion is held in a fixed position.
5. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 4 wherein the other of the plug or socket portions is provided with the resilient biasing member.
6. A plug and socket assembly according to any one preceding claim wherein the resilient biasing member is a coil spring.
7. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 6 wherein the coil spring is able to support the mass of the plug or socket member and hold it in a horizontal position without significant drooping away from the common making and breaking axis.
8. A plug and socket assembly according to any one preceding claim and further including an extension limiting member.
9. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 8 wherein the extension limiting member comprises a length of wire cable joined to the plug or socket portion and the handling means on an end of the resilient biasing member remote from the plug or socket portion.
10. A plug and socket assembly according to any one preceding claim wherein the handling means is a tab suitable for gripping by remote handling means.
11. A plug and socket assembly according to any one preceding claim further including means to ensure rotational alignment.
12. A plug and socket assembly according to claim 11 wherein the means to ensure rotational alignment comprises a raised spine on one of the plug or socket portion and a groove or slot in the other of the plug or socket portion housing in which the spine is received.
13. A plug and socket assembly for remote handling and making and breaking a connection therebetween substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying description and Figures 1 and 2; or Figure 3; or Figure 4 of the drawings.
EP98917417A 1997-04-30 1998-04-20 A plug and socket assembly for remote handling Expired - Lifetime EP0979544B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9708712 1997-04-30
GBGB9708712.6A GB9708712D0 (en) 1997-04-30 1997-04-30 A plug and socket assembly for remote handling
PCT/GB1998/001150 WO1998049757A1 (en) 1997-04-30 1998-04-20 A plug and socket assembly for remote handling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0979544A1 true EP0979544A1 (en) 2000-02-16
EP0979544B1 EP0979544B1 (en) 2002-06-26

Family

ID=10811556

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98917417A Expired - Lifetime EP0979544B1 (en) 1997-04-30 1998-04-20 A plug and socket assembly for remote handling

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0979544B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001522515A (en)
AU (1) AU7065098A (en)
DE (1) DE69806242T2 (en)
GB (1) GB9708712D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1998049757A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA983378B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2806540B1 (en) * 2000-03-20 2002-10-04 Fci Jupiter TELEMANIPULABLE SHEET
AU2002213918A1 (en) * 2000-09-25 2002-04-02 Tyco Electronics Simel Sa Mechanical manual tooling for dismounting free air railway contact wire clamp connectors
US9935410B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2018-04-03 Sterling Innovation Inc. Electrical connector having male and female connectors

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4076361A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-02-28 Gulton Industries, Inc. Electrical connector assembly for use with remote manipulator
US4580862A (en) * 1984-03-26 1986-04-08 Amp Incorporated Floating coaxial connector
US5167520A (en) * 1991-10-18 1992-12-01 Amp Incorporated Cup fit plug connector
FR2736757B1 (en) * 1995-07-11 1997-08-22 Carrier Kheops Bac ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR WITH AUTOMATIC PLUG

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9849757A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998049757A1 (en) 1998-11-05
DE69806242D1 (en) 2002-08-01
GB9708712D0 (en) 1997-06-18
AU7065098A (en) 1998-11-24
DE69806242T2 (en) 2003-02-20
ZA983378B (en) 1998-06-24
EP0979544B1 (en) 2002-06-26
JP2001522515A (en) 2001-11-13

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