EP0977722A1 - Method for selective catalytic oxidation into aldehydes/ketones by breaking the c=c bond - Google Patents
Method for selective catalytic oxidation into aldehydes/ketones by breaking the c=c bondInfo
- Publication number
- EP0977722A1 EP0977722A1 EP98913742A EP98913742A EP0977722A1 EP 0977722 A1 EP0977722 A1 EP 0977722A1 EP 98913742 A EP98913742 A EP 98913742A EP 98913742 A EP98913742 A EP 98913742A EP 0977722 A1 EP0977722 A1 EP 0977722A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- integer
- peroxide
- carbon atoms
- olefins
- compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical group COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 peroxide compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 29
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003282 rhenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GVOUFPWUYJWQSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclofenil Chemical group C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(OC(C)=O)=CC=1)=C1CCCCC1 GVOUFPWUYJWQSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229960002944 cyclofenil Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexene Chemical compound CC1=CCCCC1 CTMHWPIWNRWQEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC(C)=C(C)C WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VZSXFJPZOCRDPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbanide;trioxorhenium Chemical compound [CH3-].O=[Re](=O)=O VZSXFJPZOCRDPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UILZQFGKPHAAOU-ARJAWSKDSA-N (z)-2-bromobut-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C(\C)Br UILZQFGKPHAAOU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1 -dodecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=C IRUDSQHLKGNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 UUIMDJFBHNDZOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAKGDPSCXSUALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbuta-1,2-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=C=C PAKGDPSCXSUALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYKZRKKEYSRDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylidenepentane Chemical compound CCC(=C)CC RYKZRKKEYSRDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Natural products CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclododecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCCCC1 DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYPABJGVBDSCIT-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclododecene Chemical compound C1CCCCC\C=C/CCCC1 HYPABJGVBDSCIT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptene Chemical compound C1CCC=CCC1 ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIOLVKNDAOPVBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexadeca-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CCCCCCC=CC=CCCCCC1 QIOLVKNDAOPVBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KDUIUFJBNGTBMD-VXMYFEMYSA-N cyclooctatetraene Chemical compound C1=C\C=C/C=C\C=C1 KDUIUFJBNGTBMD-VXMYFEMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N deca-1,9-diene Chemical compound C=CCCCCCCC=C NLDGJRWPPOSWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylzinc Chemical compound C[Zn]C AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WWOYCMCZTZTIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;2-carboxybenzenecarboperoxoate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O WWOYCMCZTZTIGU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical class CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinuclidine Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1CC2 SBYHFKPVCBCYGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003281 rhenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003449 rhenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/30—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with halogen containing compounds, e.g. hypohalogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/48—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/28—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of CHx-moieties
Definitions
- oxidizing agents peracetic acid, NaOCI, NalO 4 etc.
- ruthenium complexes therefore prove to be complex and expensive (peracetic acid) on the one hand, and on the other hand they cannot solve the problem of the inorganic salt accumulation of stoichiometric oxidation (NaOCI, NalO 4 etc. ).
- control to aldehydes is impossible because of their rapid further oxidation to carboxylic acids.
- organic rhenium compounds are known which are used as catalysts for the oxidation of olefins to the corresponding epoxyalkanes and diols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
- EP 0 380 085 relates to the oxidation to carbonyl compounds, this takes place either without bond cleavage or is only for the oxidation proven by stilbene.
- the invention thus relates to the use of compounds of the general formula
- R 1 , a, b, c, d and L have the meaning given above, are oxidized in a liquid medium with a peroxide-containing compound, and the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound is in a range from 1: 2 to 1:14 .
- the compounds of the general formula (I) can also be present in the form of their Lewis base adducts.
- Typical examples of Lewis bases are pyridine, bipyridine, t-butylpyridine, amines, in particular secondary and tertiary amines such as triethylamine and quinuclidine, H 2 O and polyethers such as, for. B. Diglyme.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical R 1 are alkyl radicals with 1 to 20 and preferably with 1 to 10 C atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl radicals with 2 to 20 and preferably with 2 to 10 C atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals with 3 to 20 and preferred to understand with 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkyl radicals R such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and the various butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl radicals such as ethylhexyl and decyl radicals and alkenyl radicals such as allyl;
- cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, alkylated cyclohexyl such as hydrogenated toluyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, cumyl or cymyl, 1-menthyl and 1-norbomyl as well as alkenyl radicals such as vinyl and allyl and cycloalkenyl radicals such as cyclopentadienyl and pentamyl cyclophenyl, pentamyl cyclophenyl and pentamyl cyclophenyl and pentamyl
- Suitable examples of an aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 1 are phenyl or naphthyl. Benzyl may be mentioned as an example of an arylalkyl radical.
- the radical R 1 can also be substituted.
- suitable substituents are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NH 2 , NR 2 2 , PH 2 , PHR 2 , PR 2 2 , OH or OR 2 , where R 2 is the same or different and an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 and preferably with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl radical having 6 to 20 and preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, the z. B. may have the meaning given above for R 1 .
- alkyl, cycloalkyl and arylalkyl radicals are always ⁇ -bonded to the Are central atom, the alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl and aryl radicals R 1 ⁇ - or ⁇ -bonded to the Re center.
- Very particularly preferred compounds of the general formula (I) are C 3 -C 3 -alkyltrioxorhenium complexes such as, for. B. the rhenium oxides methyl rhenium trioxide (CH 3 ReO 3 ), cyclopentadienyl rhenium trioxide (CpReO 3 ), cyclopropyl rhenium trioxide (C 3 H 5 ReO 3 ), and dirhenium heptoxide (Re 2 O 7 ).
- the compound of the formula (I) does not have more than three groups with more than 6 carbon atoms per rhenium atom;
- the compounds expediently contain only one such group.
- olefins to be used for the application according to the invention are not subject to any particular restrictions.
- the olefins can be straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated and optionally substituted.
- a typical example of 2-alkyl-alkene-1 compounds is 2-ethyl-butene-1.
- cycloaliphatic olefins examples include cyclopentene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene, cyclooctatetraene, cyclododecene, cyclohexadecadiene or limonene.
- Examples of mono- or polyunsaturated alkenes are propene, isobutene, n-hexene, n-octene, decene, dodecene, 1, 9-decadiene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2- Methyl-1-hexene, 2-bromo-2-butene, 3-methyl-1, 2-butadiene, octadecene, 2-ethyl-1-butene.
- Suitable aromatic olefins are styrene derivatives and stilbene derivatives.
- the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound is 1: 2 to 1:14, preferably 1: 4 to 1: 7. If the molar ratio is lower, there is no selective oxidation to the corresponding carbonyl compounds, in particular to the aldehydes.
- peroxide-containing compounds examples include hydrogen peroxide, inorganic peroxides such as alkali peroxides, in particular sodium peroxide, and percarboxylic acids and their salts such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, magnesium monoperoxophthalate, hexamethylperoxodisiloxane, t-butyl hydroperoxide and bis-t-butyl peroxide, with hydrogen peroxide being preferred.
- the peroxide-containing compound is preferably used in the form of an anhydrous oxidation solution which is a homogeneous system composed of solvent and peroxide-containing compound.
- concentration of the peroxide-containing compound in the corresponding solvent is 1 to 90%, preferably 10% to 50%.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, monohydric alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as
- the reaction for protic and most aprotic solvents takes place under anhydrous conditions, in particular by removing the water of reaction formed when the peroxide-containing compound is used.
- anhydrous conditions particularly preferably means c (H 2 O) ⁇ 5 mol% based on the solvent.
- the water formed in the reaction from the peroxide-containing compound can be withdrawn by adding inorganic or organic substances which are able to absorb water.
- inorganic or organic substances which are able to absorb water. Examples include MgSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 , sulfuric acid or ortho-esters of carboxylic acids.
- 0.05 to 10 molar equivalents based on the amount of peroxide-containing compound used added.
- the oxidation solution is used so that at least 2, preferably 4, equivalents of peroxide-containing compound per equivalent of double bond to be oxidized are present in the reaction mixture, even a large excess of peroxide-containing compound not leading to further oxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid.
- the catalyst can be used in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0 mol%, preferably 0.01 to 2.0 mol%, calculated as catalyst metal Re based on olefin.
- the amount of catalyst can also be higher or lower as required.
- aprotic solvents in particular tert-butyl methyl ether, are used as solvents.
- the reaction mixture is usually stirred at a temperature of from 10 to over 120 ° C., preferably at 60 to 80 ° C., until conversion is complete.
- the reaction mixture is then worked up in a manner customary for the person skilled in the art, i. H. for example, filtered and fractionally distilled under reduced pressure.
- reaction according to the invention is achieved by adding an organic or supports inorganic auxiliary reagent, which ensures that the system is water-free and thus a significantly increased catalyst service life, which greatly promotes oxidation beyond the oxidation level of the epoxy at elevated temperature.
- an adjustable catalyst system which, on a comparable basis, leads selectively to the corresponding epoxides, vicinal diols (DE 3902357 A1) or aldehydes / ketones as required (see Fig. 1).
- the latter is the central subject of this invention, and the respective end product can be determined by the choice of the reaction conditions.
- Oxidation solution is added to the alkenes to be oxidized, so that there is a corresponding amount of hydrogen peroxide per alkene.
- a corresponding amount of drying agent is then added so that the water formed during the reaction is captured as quantitatively as possible.
- the catalyst is added at the temperatures given in the table. The reaction mixture is stirred until alkene conversion is complete.
- the drying agent is, if possible, removed by filtration and then washed several times with organic solvents. Fractional distillation is now carried out under reduced pressure.
- Example 13 shows the oxidation of a branched alkene
- Examples 14 to 17 are comparative examples.
- MTO methyltrioxorhenium
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Abstract
The invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I): R1aRebOc.Ld as catalysts for selectively oxidating olefins by breaking the C-C bond into the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of a compound containing peroxide, whereby the quantitative ratio of olefin to peroxide compound ranges from 1:2 to 1:14. In said formula (I) a = 0 or an integer between 0 and 6, b = an integer between 1 and 4, c = an integer between 1 and 12, d = an integer between 0 and 4, and L = Lewis base. The sum of a, b and c is such that it ensures the pentavalence or heptavalence of the rhenium, provided that C is not greater than 3 . b R1 can either not be present, or represent the same group or represent a different group and be an aliphatic hydrocarbon rest having between 1 and 10 C-atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon rest having between 6 and 10 C-atoms or an aryl alkyl rest having between 7 and 9 C-atoms, whereby said R1 rests can independently of each other be substituted identically or differently.
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Verfahren zur selektiven katalytischen Oxidation von Olefinen zu Aldehyden/ Ketonen unter C=C-BindungsspaltungProcess for the selective catalytic oxidation of olefins to aldehydes / ketones with C = C bond cleavage
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von bestimmten rheniumorganischen Verbindungen zur selektiven katalytischen Oxidation von Olefinen zu den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung sowie ein Verfahren dafür.The present invention relates to the use of certain organic rhenium compounds for the selective catalytic oxidation of olefins to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with C = C bond cleavage and a process therefor.
Für die Oxidation von Olefinen unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung zu Carbonsäuren und Aldehyden sind nach wie vor Methoden dominierend, die durch den stöchiometrischen Einsatz des Oxidationsmittels charakterisiert sind (CrO3/H2SO4, Manganverbindungen, RuO4). Diese Verfahren leiden dabei nicht nur unter dem ökologischen und ökonomischen Problem des anorganischen Salzanfalles, der eine aufwendige und damit teure Reinigung der Abwässer erforderlich macht, sondern auch an mangelnder gesundheitlicher und pharmakologischer Unbedenklichkeit sowie der mangelhaften Selektivität, was die Synthese von Aldehyden anbetrifft. Eine Oxidation mit diesen Reagenzien führt zudem ausschließlich zu Carbonsäuren, da die als Zwischenstufe erzeugten Aldehyde sofort weiterreagieren und nicht isoliert werden können.Methods that are characterized by the stoichiometric use of the oxidizing agent (CrO 3 / H 2 SO 4 , manganese compounds, RuO 4 ) are still dominant for the oxidation of olefins with C = C bond cleavage to carboxylic acids and aldehydes. These processes suffer not only from the ecological and economic problem of inorganic salt accumulation, which requires a complex and therefore expensive purification of the waste water, but also from a lack of health and pharmacological harmlessness as well as the poor selectivity with regard to the synthesis of aldehydes. Oxidation with these reagents also leads exclusively to carboxylic acids, since the aldehydes produced as an intermediate react immediately and cannot be isolated.
Im Bereich der katalytischen Prozeßführung für die C=C-Bindungsspaltung sind bisher lediglich Systeme als effizient zu bezeichnen, in denen Rutheniumverbindungen als Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden (R. A. Sheldon, J. Kochi, Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1981 ). Der Vorteil eines katalytischen Verfahrens tritt allerdings in der Oxidationschemie erst dann wirklich zu Tage, wenn das eingesetzte primäre Oxidationsmittel von ökologischer Unbedenklichkeit ist. Rutheniumverbindungen haben diesbezüglich den Nachteil, mit dem ökologisch unbedenklichen Wasserstoffperoxid als primärem Oxidationsmittel (Reaktionsprodukt Wasser) nicht vereinbar zu sein, da es hierbei zu rascher, manchmal sogar explosionsartiger
Zersetzung kommt. Die deshalb in Verbindung mit Rutheniumkomplexen eingesetzten Oxidationsmittel (Peressigsäure, NaOCI, NalO4 etc.) erweisen sich einerseits als prozeßtechnisch aufwendig und teuer (Peressigsäure), andererseits können sie das Problem des anorganischen Salzanfalles der stöchiometrischen Oxidation nicht lösen (NaOCI, NalO4 etc.). Darüberhinaus ist in diesen rutheniumkatalysierten Oxidationen eine Steuerung zu Aldehyden wegen deren rascher Weiteroxidation zu Carbonsäuren unmöglich.In the field of catalytic process management for C = C bond cleavage, only systems in which ruthenium compounds are used as catalysts have so far been described as efficient (RA Sheldon, J. Kochi, Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of Organic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1981). However, the advantage of a catalytic process only really comes to light in oxidation chemistry when the primary oxidizing agent used is of ecological safety. In this regard, ruthenium compounds have the disadvantage of not being compatible with the ecologically harmless hydrogen peroxide as the primary oxidizing agent (reaction product water), since it is too rapid, sometimes even explosive Decomposition is coming. The oxidizing agents (peracetic acid, NaOCI, NalO 4 etc.) used in connection with ruthenium complexes therefore prove to be complex and expensive (peracetic acid) on the one hand, and on the other hand they cannot solve the problem of the inorganic salt accumulation of stoichiometric oxidation (NaOCI, NalO 4 etc. ). Furthermore, in these ruthenium-catalyzed oxidations, control to aldehydes is impossible because of their rapid further oxidation to carboxylic acids.
So ist insbesondere der Zugang zu aliphatischen Aldehyden bisher im wesentlichen der Hydroformylierungsreaktion vorbehalten, die ebenfalls von aus dem SHOP- Prozeß erhältlichen Olefinen ausgeht, den gewünschten Aldehyd im Gegensatz zur bindungsspaltenden Oxidation aber durch Verlängerung der Kohlenstoffkette mittels Kohlenmonoxid generiert.Thus, access to aliphatic aldehydes in particular has hitherto been essentially reserved for the hydroformylation reaction, which likewise starts from olefins obtainable from the SHOP process, but generates the desired aldehyde in contrast to the bond-cleaving oxidation by lengthening the carbon chain by means of carbon monoxide.
Übergangsmetalle, die mit Wasserstoffperoxid kompatibel sind (Mo, W, Re) eignen sich bisher lediglich für die Epoxidation in guten Ausbeuten. C=C-Bindungsspaltungen verlaufen, wenn überhaupt, nur in schlechten Ausbeuten (C. Venturello, M. Ricci, J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51 , 1599; G. W. Parshall, U. S. 3646130). Für die selektive Generation von Aldehyden sind diese Systeme jedoch nicht geeignet.Transition metals that are compatible with hydrogen peroxide (Mo, W, Re) have so far only been suitable for epoxidation in good yields. C = C bond cleavages are, if at all, only in poor yields (C. Venturello, M. Ricci, J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 1599; G. W. Parshall, U. S. 3646130). However, these systems are not suitable for the selective generation of aldehydes.
Auf dem Gebiet der Rheniumchemie haben Arbeiten von Buchler et al.In the field of rhenium chemistry, work by Buchler et al.
(DE-A-373 189, DE-A-3 731 690) gezeigt, daß Rhenium-Komplexe in der Lage sind,(DE-A-373 189, DE-A-3 731 690) showed that rhenium complexes are able to
Alkene zu epoxidieren.Epoxidize alkenes.
Aus EP-A-380 085 sind rheniumorganische Verbindungen bekannt, die als Katalysatoren zur Oxidation von Olefinen zu den entsprechenden Epoxyalkanen und Diolen in Gegenwart von Wasserstoffperoxid eingesetzt werden.From EP-A-380 085 organic rhenium compounds are known which are used as catalysts for the oxidation of olefins to the corresponding epoxyalkanes and diols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Soweit die EP 0 380 085 sich auf die Oxidation zu Carbonylverbindungen bezieht, erfolgt diese entweder ohne Bindungsspaltung bzw. ist lediglich für die Oxidation
von Stilben nachgewiesen.As far as EP 0 380 085 relates to the oxidation to carbonyl compounds, this takes place either without bond cleavage or is only for the oxidation proven by stilbene.
G. W. Parshall gelingt mit dem System Re2O7/H2O2 die Oxidation von Cyclododecan zu 1 ,12-Dodecansäure (US 3,646,130) in wirtschaftlich allerdings inakzeptablen Selektivitäten.With the Re 2 O 7 / H 2 O 2 system, GW Parshall successfully oxidizes cyclododecane to 1, 12-dodecanoic acid (US Pat. No. 3,646,130) with selectivities that are economically unacceptable.
Es besteht daher die Aufgabe, ein effizientes Katalysatorsystem zu finden, das die entsprechende Carbonylverbindung, insbesondere den Aldehyd, als das fehlende Glied in der Oxidationsreihe Olefin - Epoxyalkan bzw. Alkandiol - Alkanal - Alkansäure unter Bindungsspaltung der C=C-Doppelbindung des eingesetzten Olefins in hoher Selektivität zugänglich macht.It is therefore an object to find an efficient catalyst system which contains the corresponding carbonyl compound, in particular the aldehyde, as the missing link in the olefin-epoxyalkane or alkanediol-alkanal-alkanoic acid oxidation series with cleavage of the C = C double bond of the olefin used in high selectivity.
Es wurde gefunden, daß bestimmte rheniumorganische Verbindungen als hochaktive Katalysatoren für die Oxidation von Olefinen selektiv zu Aldehyden oder Ketonen unter Spaltung der C=C-Doppelbindung geeignet sind, wenn sie mit peroxidhaltigen Verbindungen in einem flüssigen Medium angewendet werden. Dies ist umso überraschender, da sich die zum Einsatz gebrachten Rheniumkatalysatoren neben ihrer hohen Aktivität bislang (W. A. Herrmann, R. W. Fischer, D. W. März, Angew. Chem. 1991 , 103, 1706) ganz besonders durch ihre hohe Selektivität bei der Olefinoxidation zu den Epoxiden und gegebenenfalls zu den konsekutiv durch Hydrolyse gebildeten Diolen auszeichneten.It has been found that certain organic rhenium compounds are suitable as highly active catalysts for the oxidation of olefins selectively to aldehydes or ketones with cleavage of the C = C double bond when they are used with peroxide-containing compounds in a liquid medium. This is all the more surprising since, in addition to their high activity, the rhenium catalysts used so far (WA Herrmann, RW Fischer, DW März, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1706) have become very special due to their high selectivity in olefin oxidation to the epoxides and optionally distinguished to the diols formed consecutively by hydrolysis.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit die Verwendung von Verbindungen der allgemeinen FormelThe invention thus relates to the use of compounds of the general formula
R1 aRebOc»Ld (I),R 1 a Re b O c »L d (I),
worinwherein
a = Null oder eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 b = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4
c = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 12 d = eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 4 L = Lewis-Basea = zero or an integer from 0 to 6 b = an integer from 1 to 4 c = an integer from 1 to 12 d = an integer from 0 to 4 L = Lewis base
und die Summe von a, b und c so ist, daß sie der Fünf- bis Siebenwertigkeit des Rheniums gerecht wird mit der Maßgabe, daß c nicht größer als 3 • b ist und worin R1 nicht vorhanden, gleich oder verschieden ist und einen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 20 und vorzugsweise mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, einen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 20 und vorzugsweise mit 6 bis 10 C- Atomen oder einen Arylalkylrest mit 7 bis 20 und vorzugsweise mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen darstellt, wobei die Reste R1 gegebenenfalls unabhängig voneinander gleich oder verschieden substituiert sein können, und bei δ-gebundenen Resten an das C-Atom in α-Stellung wenigstens noch ein Wasserstoffatom gebunden ist, als Katalysatoren zur selektiven Olefinoxidation unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung zu den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen in Gegenwart einer peroxidhaltigen Verbindung, wobei das Stoffmengenverhältnis olefinische Doppelbindung zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 14 liegt.and the sum of a, b and c is such that it does justice to the five to seven valence of the rhenium, with the proviso that c is not greater than 3 • b and where R 1 is absent, the same or different and an aliphatic Hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 and preferably having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 20 and preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 20 and preferably having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, where the radicals R 1 may optionally be substituted independently or identically or differently, and in the case of δ-bonded radicals at least one hydrogen atom is bonded to the carbon atom in the α position, as catalysts for selective olefin oxidation with C = C bond cleavage to give the corresponding Carbonyl compounds in the presence of a peroxide-containing compound, the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound in a range of 1: 2 b is 1:14.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur selektiven Oxidation von Olefinen zu den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung, wobei die Olefine in Gegenwart von einem Katalysator der Formel IThe present invention further provides a process for the selective oxidation of olefins to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with C = C bond cleavage, the olefins being present in the presence of a catalyst of the formula I.
R1 aRebOc»Ld (I),R 1 a Re b O c »L d (I),
worin R1, a, b, c, d und L die vorstehend genannte Bedeutung haben, in einem flüssigen Medium mit einer peroxidhaltigen Verbindung oxidiert werden, und das Stoffmengenverhältnis olefinische Doppelbindung zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 14 liegt.wherein R 1 , a, b, c, d and L have the meaning given above, are oxidized in a liquid medium with a peroxide-containing compound, and the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound is in a range from 1: 2 to 1:14 .
Abbildung 1 zeigt beispielhaft an Verbindungen der Formel RReO3 deren
Einsetzbarkeit als einstellbare Katalysatoren für die Epoxidation, vicinale Dihydroxylierung und C=C-Bindungsspaltung unter selektiver Generation von Aldehyden.Figure 1 shows an example of compounds of the formula RReO 3 Can be used as adjustable catalysts for epoxidation, vicinal dihydroxylation and C = C bond cleavage with selective generation of aldehydes.
Die Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) können auch in Form ihrer Lewis- Basen-Addukte vorliegen. Typische Beispiele für Lewis-Basen sind Pyridin, Bipyridin, t-Butylpyridin, Amine insbesondere sekundäre und tertiäre Amine wie Triethylamin und Chinuclidin, H2O und Polyether wie z. B. Diglyme.The compounds of the general formula (I) can also be present in the form of their Lewis base adducts. Typical examples of Lewis bases are pyridine, bipyridine, t-butylpyridine, amines, in particular secondary and tertiary amines such as triethylamine and quinuclidine, H 2 O and polyethers such as, for. B. Diglyme.
Unter einem aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest R1 sind Alkylreste mit 1 bis 20 und bevorzugt mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, Alkenyl- oder Alkinylreste mit 2 bis 20 und bevorzugt mit 2 bis 10 C-Atomen, Cycloalkyl- oder Cycloalkenylreste mit 3 bis 20 und bevorzugt mit 3 bis 10 C-Atomen zu verstehen.Among an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical R 1 are alkyl radicals with 1 to 20 and preferably with 1 to 10 C atoms, alkenyl or alkynyl radicals with 2 to 20 and preferably with 2 to 10 C atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals with 3 to 20 and preferred to understand with 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
Geeignet sind z. B. Alkylreste R wie Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Isopropyl und die verschiedenen Butyl-, Pentyl-, Hexyl-, Octylreste wie Ethylhexyl- und Decylreste sowie Alkenylreste wie Allyl; geeignet sind auch Cycloalkylreste wie Cyclopropyl, Cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl, alkyliertes Cyclohexyi wie hydriertes Toluyl, Xylyl, Ethylphenyl, Cumyl oder Cymyl, 1 -Menthyl und 1-Norbomyl sowie Alkenylreste wie Vinyl und Allyl und Cycloalkenylreste wie Cyclopentadienyl und Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, wobei Methyl besonders bevorzugt ist.Are suitable for. B. alkyl radicals R such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and the various butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl radicals such as ethylhexyl and decyl radicals and alkenyl radicals such as allyl; Also suitable are cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, alkylated cyclohexyl such as hydrogenated toluyl, xylyl, ethylphenyl, cumyl or cymyl, 1-menthyl and 1-norbomyl as well as alkenyl radicals such as vinyl and allyl and cycloalkenyl radicals such as cyclopentadienyl and pentamyl cyclophenyl, pentamyl cyclophenyl and pentamyl cyclophenyl are particularly preferred .
Geeignete Beispiele für einen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest R1 sind Phenyl oder Naphthyl. Als Beispiel für einen Arylalkylrest sei Benzyl genannt.Suitable examples of an aromatic hydrocarbon radical R 1 are phenyl or naphthyl. Benzyl may be mentioned as an example of an arylalkyl radical.
Der Rest R1 kann auch substituiert sein. Beispiele für geeignete Substituenten sind Fluor, Chlor, Brom, NH2, NR2 2, PH2, PHR2, PR2 2, OH oder OR2, wobei R2 gleich oder verschieden ist und einen Alkylrest mit 1 bis 20 und vorzugsweise mit 1 bis 10 C- Atomen oder einen Arylrest mit 6 bis 20 und vorzugsweise mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen darstellt, der z. B. die vorstehend für R1 genannte Bedeutung haben kann.The radical R 1 can also be substituted. Examples of suitable substituents are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NH 2 , NR 2 2 , PH 2 , PHR 2 , PR 2 2 , OH or OR 2 , where R 2 is the same or different and an alkyl radical with 1 to 20 and preferably with 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl radical having 6 to 20 and preferably having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, the z. B. may have the meaning given above for R 1 .
Während die Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- und Arylalkylreste stets δ-gebunden an das Re-
Zentralatom sind, können die Alkenyl-, Alkinyl-, Cycloalkenyl- und Arylreste R1 δ- oder π-gebunden an das Re-Zentrum sein.While the alkyl, cycloalkyl and arylalkyl radicals are always δ-bonded to the Are central atom, the alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl and aryl radicals R 1 δ- or π-bonded to the Re center.
Ganz besonders bevorzugte Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) sind C,-C3- Alkyltrioxorheniumkompiexe wie z. B. die Rheniumoxide Methylrheniumtrioxid (CH3ReO3), Cyclopentadienylrheniumtrioxid (CpReO3), Cyclopropylrheniumtrioxid (C3H5ReO3), und Dirheniumheptoxid (Re2O7).Very particularly preferred compounds of the general formula (I) are C 3 -C 3 -alkyltrioxorhenium complexes such as, for. B. the rhenium oxides methyl rhenium trioxide (CH 3 ReO 3 ), cyclopentadienyl rhenium trioxide (CpReO 3 ), cyclopropyl rhenium trioxide (C 3 H 5 ReO 3 ), and dirhenium heptoxide (Re 2 O 7 ).
Aus sterischen Gründen ist es günstig, wenn die Verbindung der Formel (I) nicht mehr als drei Gruppen mit mehr als 6 C-Atomen je Rheniumatom trägt; zweckmäßig enthalten die Verbindungen nur eine solche Gruppe.For steric reasons, it is advantageous if the compound of the formula (I) does not have more than three groups with more than 6 carbon atoms per rhenium atom; The compounds expediently contain only one such group.
Die für die erfindungsgemäße Anwendung einzusetzenden Olefine unterliegen keinen besonderen Beschränkungen.The olefins to be used for the application according to the invention are not subject to any particular restrictions.
Geeignete Verbindungen mit C=C-Doppelbindungen für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind z. B. Olefine mit 2 bis 60 C-Atomen. Die Olefine können geradkettig oder verzweigt, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigt sowie gegebenenfalls substituiert sein.Suitable compounds with C = C double bonds for the process according to the invention are e.g. B. olefins with 2 to 60 carbon atoms. The olefins can be straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated and optionally substituted.
Im Fall, daß ein C-Atom einer Doppelbindung keinen H-Substituenten trägt, wie 2-Alkyl-Alken-1 -Verbindungen, ist die Oxidation zum Aldehyd nicht möglich und an diesem C-Atom erfolgt die C=C-Bindungsspaltung unter Ausbildung der entsprechenden Ketonen. Ein typisches Beispiel für 2-Alkyl-Alken-1 -Verbindungen ist 2-Ethyl-buten-1.In the event that a C atom of a double bond does not have an H substituent, such as 2-alkyl-alkene-1 compounds, oxidation to the aldehyde is not possible and the C = C bond cleavage takes place on this C atom to form the corresponding ketones. A typical example of 2-alkyl-alkene-1 compounds is 2-ethyl-butene-1.
Auch können Olefine der Formel R5R2C = CR3R4 verwendet werden, in denen die olefinische Bindung Bestandteil einer ringförmig geschlossenen Kohlenstoffkette sein kann und in denen R2 bis R5 gleich oder verschieden sind, wobei die Reste aromatisch mit 6 bis 20 C-Atomen, nichtaromatisch aber olefinisch ungesättigt, konjugiert oder kummuliert zur zu oxidierenden olefinischen Bindung mit 1 bis 50 C-
Atomen oder gesättigte Alkyl- und Cycloalkylketten mit 1 bis 50 C-Atomen oder Halogen sein können.Olefins of the formula R 5 R 2 C = CR 3 R 4 can also be used, in which the olefinic bond can be part of a ring-shaped closed carbon chain and in which R 2 to R 5 are identical or different, the radicals being aromatic with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, non-aromatic but olefinically unsaturated, conjugated or combined to form the olefinic bond to be oxidized with 1 to 50 carbon atoms Can be atoms or saturated alkyl and cycloalkyl chains with 1 to 50 carbon atoms or halogen.
Weitere geeignete Beispiele sind die Olefine, die in der EP 0 380 085 beschrieben sind.Further suitable examples are the olefins described in EP 0 380 085.
Beispiele für cycloaliphatische Olefine sind Cyclopenten, Cyclohexen, 1-Methyl-1 - Cyclohexen, Cyclohepten, Cycloocten, Cyclooctadien, Cyclooctatetraen, Cyclododecen, Cyclohexadecadien oder Limonen.Examples of cycloaliphatic olefins are cyclopentene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclooctadiene, cyclooctatetraene, cyclododecene, cyclohexadecadiene or limonene.
Beispiele für einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigte Alkene sind Propen, Isobuten, n-Hexen, n-Octen, Decen, Dodecen, 1 ,9-Decadien, 2-Methyl-1 -buten, 2,3-Dimethyl- 2-buten, 2-Methyl-1 -hexen, 2-Brom-2-buten, 3-Methyl-1 ,2-butadien, Octadecen, 2-Ethyl-1-buten.Examples of mono- or polyunsaturated alkenes are propene, isobutene, n-hexene, n-octene, decene, dodecene, 1, 9-decadiene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 2- Methyl-1-hexene, 2-bromo-2-butene, 3-methyl-1, 2-butadiene, octadecene, 2-ethyl-1-butene.
Geeignete aromatische Olefine sind Styrolderivate und Stilbenderivate.Suitable aromatic olefins are styrene derivatives and stilbene derivatives.
Entscheidend für die vorliegende Erfindung ist die Stöchiometrie der eingesetzten peroxidhaltigen Verbindung.The stoichiometry of the peroxide-containing compound used is decisive for the present invention.
Erfindungsgemäß beträgt das Stoffmengenverhältnis olefinische Doppelbindung zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung 1 : 2 bis 1 : 14, vorzugsweise 1 : 4 bis 1 : 7. Ist das Stoffmengenverhältnis geringer erfolgt keine selektive Oxidation zu den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen, insbesondere zu den Aldehyden.According to the invention, the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound is 1: 2 to 1:14, preferably 1: 4 to 1: 7. If the molar ratio is lower, there is no selective oxidation to the corresponding carbonyl compounds, in particular to the aldehydes.
Beispiele für geeignete peroxidhaltige Verbindungen sind Wasserstoffperoxid, anorganische Peroxide wie Alkaliperoxide, insbesondere Natriumperoxid, sowie Percarbonsäuren und ihre Salze wie m-Chlorperbenzoesäure, Peressigsäure, Magnesiummonoperoxophthalat, Hexamethylperoxodisiloxan, t-Butylhydroperoxid und Bis-t-Butylperoxid, wobei Wasserstoffperoxid bevorzugt ist.
Vorzugsweise wird die peroxidhaltige Verbindung in Form einer wasserfreien Oxidationslösung eingesetzt, die ein homogenes System aus Lösungsmittel und peroxidhaltiger Verbindung darstellt. Die Konzentration der peroxidhaltigen Verbindung in dem entsprechenden Lösungsmittel beträgt dabei 1 bis 90 %, bevorzugt 10 % bis 50 %.Examples of suitable peroxide-containing compounds are hydrogen peroxide, inorganic peroxides such as alkali peroxides, in particular sodium peroxide, and percarboxylic acids and their salts such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid, peracetic acid, magnesium monoperoxophthalate, hexamethylperoxodisiloxane, t-butyl hydroperoxide and bis-t-butyl peroxide, with hydrogen peroxide being preferred. The peroxide-containing compound is preferably used in the form of an anhydrous oxidation solution which is a homogeneous system composed of solvent and peroxide-containing compound. The concentration of the peroxide-containing compound in the corresponding solvent is 1 to 90%, preferably 10% to 50%.
Als flüssiges Medium für die Oxidationsreaktion eignen sich z. B. organische Lösungsmittel.As a liquid medium for the oxidation reaction z. B. organic solvents.
Geeignete Lösungsmittel sind beispielsweise Diethylether, Di-n-butylether, Tetrahydrofuran, Acetonitril, einwertige Alkohole mit 1 bis 5 C-Atomen, wieSuitable solvents are, for example, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, monohydric alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, such as
Methanol, Ethanol, die verschiedenen Propanole und Butanole, aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Toluol oder die Xylole, insbesondere tert.-Butanol und tert.- Butylmethylether.Methanol, ethanol, the various propanols and butanols, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene or the xylenes, in particular tert-butanol and tert-butyl methyl ether.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Umsetzung für protische und die meisten aprotische Lösungsmittel unter wasserfreien Bedingungen, indem insbesondere das bei Einsatz der peroxidhaltigen Verbindung entstehende Reaktionswasser entzogen wird.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the reaction for protic and most aprotic solvents takes place under anhydrous conditions, in particular by removing the water of reaction formed when the peroxide-containing compound is used.
Besonders bevorzugt bedeutet der Ausdruck "wasserfreie Bedingungen" c(H2O) < 5 Mol % bezogen auf das Lösungsmittel.The term "anhydrous conditions" particularly preferably means c (H 2 O) <5 mol% based on the solvent.
Der Entzug des bei der Reaktion aus peroxidhaltiger Verbindung entstehenden Wassers kann durch Zugabe anorganischer oder organischer Substanzen erfolgen, die in der Lage sind, Wasser aufzunehmen. Beispiele hierfür sind MgSO4, Na2SO4, CaCI2, Schwefelsäure oder ortho-Ester von Carbonsäuren. Je nach Wasseraufnahmevermögen der entsprechenden Verbindung werden 0,05 bis 10 Moläquivalente bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge peroxidhaltiger Verbindung
zugesetzt.The water formed in the reaction from the peroxide-containing compound can be withdrawn by adding inorganic or organic substances which are able to absorb water. Examples include MgSO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 , sulfuric acid or ortho-esters of carboxylic acids. Depending on the water absorption capacity of the corresponding compound, 0.05 to 10 molar equivalents based on the amount of peroxide-containing compound used added.
Die Oxidationslösung wird so eingesetzt, daß mindestens 2, vorzugsweise 4, Äquivalente peroxidhaltiger Verbindung pro Äquivalent zu oxidierender Doppelbindung im Reaktionsansatz vorliegen, wobei selbst ein großer Überschuß an peroxidhaltiger Verbindung nicht zu einer Weiteroxidation des Aldehyds zur Carbonsäure führt.The oxidation solution is used so that at least 2, preferably 4, equivalents of peroxide-containing compound per equivalent of double bond to be oxidized are present in the reaction mixture, even a large excess of peroxide-containing compound not leading to further oxidation of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid.
Der Katalysator kann in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 5,0 Mol-%, vorzugsweise 0,01 bis 2,0 Mol-%, eingesetzt werden, berechnet als Katalysatormetall Re bezogen auf Olefin. Nach Bedarf kann die Menge an Katalysator auch höher oder geringer sein.The catalyst can be used in an amount of 0.01 to 5.0 mol%, preferably 0.01 to 2.0 mol%, calculated as catalyst metal Re based on olefin. The amount of catalyst can also be higher or lower as required.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden als Lösungsmittel spezielle aprotische Lösungsmittel, insbesondere tert.-Butylmethylether, eingesetzt.According to a further preferred embodiment, special aprotic solvents, in particular tert-butyl methyl ether, are used as solvents.
Die Reaktionsmischung wird bis zum vollständigen Umsatz üblicherweise bei einer Temperatur von 10 bis über 120 °C, vorzugsweise bei 60 bis 80 °C, gerührt. Danach wird die Reaktionsmischung in für den Fachmann üblicher Weise aufgearbeitet, d. h. beispielsweise filtriert und unter vermindertem Druck fraktionierend destilliert.The reaction mixture is usually stirred at a temperature of from 10 to over 120 ° C., preferably at 60 to 80 ° C., until conversion is complete. The reaction mixture is then worked up in a manner customary for the person skilled in the art, i. H. for example, filtered and fractionally distilled under reduced pressure.
Die rheniumorganischen Verbindungen der Formel (I) und deren Fähigkeit zur hochselektiven Epoxidation von Olefinen sind bekannt (EP-A-380 085, DE 3 902 357 A1 ). Ihre Fähigkeit C=C-Doppelbindungen zu spalten und im Falle unverzweigter Alkene selektiv Aldehyde herzustellen, ist jedoch neu und war keinesfalls zu erwarten. So ist bislang nur Ruthenium in seinen Komplexen als effizienter Katalysator zur C=C-Bindungsspaltung bekannt. Der Einsatz von Alkylrheniumverbindungen in diesen Reaktionen ist erst durch die spezielle Einstellung des Mengenverhältnisses Olefin (d. h. Doppelbindung) zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung ermöglicht worden. Insbesondere wird die erfindungsgemäße Umsetzung durch den Zusatz eines organischen oder
anorganischen Hilfsreagens unterstützt, das die Wasserfreiheit des Systems und damit eine deutlich erhöhte Katalysatorstandzeit gewährleistet, wodurch eine Oxidation über die Oxidationsstufe des Epoxids hinaus bei erhöhter Temperatur außerordentlich gefördert wird.The organic rhenium compounds of the formula (I) and their ability to highly selective epoxidation of olefins are known (EP-A-380 085, DE 3 902 357 A1). However, their ability to cleave C = C double bonds and selectively produce aldehydes in the case of unbranched alkenes is new and was in no way to be expected. So far, only ruthenium in its complexes is known as an efficient catalyst for C = C bond cleavage. The use of alkylrhenium compounds in these reactions has only been made possible by the special adjustment of the ratio of olefin (ie double bond) to the peroxide-containing compound. In particular, the reaction according to the invention is achieved by adding an organic or supports inorganic auxiliary reagent, which ensures that the system is water-free and thus a significantly increased catalyst service life, which greatly promotes oxidation beyond the oxidation level of the epoxy at elevated temperature.
Als vorteilhaft für die Katalysatorstandzeit hat sich auch das Arbeiten in bzw. der Zusatz von speziellen aprotischen Lösungsmitteln erwiesen.Working in or the addition of special aprotic solvents has also proven to be advantageous for the catalyst service life.
Die eingesetzten Katalysatoren eignen sich auf Grund ihrer Lösungseigenschaften vorzüglich als Homogenkatalysatoren. Ihr besonderer Vorteil liegt auch darin, daß sie auf einfach Weise aus handelsüblichem Re2O7 mit Hilfe gängiger, als Überträger von organischen Gruppen wirkender Substanzen synthetisiert werden können, z. B. im Falle von R1 = CH3 durch Umsetzung mit handelsüblichem Tetramethylzinn oder handelsüblichem Dimethylzink. Sie sind gegenüber Luft und Feuchtigkeit unempfindlich, bei Raumtemperatur lagerfähig und in Kombination mit peroxidhaltigen Verbindungen hochaktive Katalysatoren für die erfindungsgemäßen Oxidationen.Because of their solution properties, the catalysts used are particularly suitable as homogeneous catalysts. Their particular advantage also lies in the fact that they can be synthesized in a simple manner from commercially available Re 2 O 7 with the aid of substances which act as carriers of organic groups, for. B. in the case of R 1 = CH 3 by reaction with commercially available tetramethyl tin or commercially available dimethyl zinc. They are insensitive to air and moisture, can be stored at room temperature and, in combination with peroxide-containing compounds, are highly active catalysts for the oxidations according to the invention.
Somit erhält man für die Kombination bestimmter rheniumorganischer Verbindungen mit einem geeigneten Oxidationsmittel ein einstellbares Katalysatorsystem, das auf vergleichbarer Grundlage je nach Bedarf selektiv zu den entsprechenden Epoxiden, vicinalen Diolen (DE 3902357 A1 ) oder Aldehyden/Ketonen führt (vgl. Abb 1 ). Letzteres ist zentraler Gegenstand dieser Erfindung, wobei das jeweilige Endprodukt durch die Wahl der Reaktionsbedingungen festgelegt werden kann.Thus, for the combination of certain organic rhenium compounds with a suitable oxidizing agent, an adjustable catalyst system is obtained which, on a comparable basis, leads selectively to the corresponding epoxides, vicinal diols (DE 3902357 A1) or aldehydes / ketones as required (see Fig. 1). The latter is the central subject of this invention, and the respective end product can be determined by the choice of the reaction conditions.
BeispieleExamples
Allgemeine Arbeitsvorschrift zur rheniumkatalysierten Oxidation von Alkenen unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung zu Aldehyden/KetonenGeneral procedure for the rhenium-catalyzed oxidation of alkenes with C = C bond cleavage to aldehydes / ketones
1. Darstellung der Oxidationslösung
Zu dem vorgelegten Lösungsmittel wird die entsprechende Menge Wasserstoffperoxid (85 % in Wasser) gegeben, so daß die gewünschte Konzentration an Wasserstoffperoxid erreicht wird. Um unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen zu vermeiden, kühlt man die Mischung auf 0 bis 5 °C. Zur Entfernung des Wassers wird die Lösung mit einer der Wasserstoffperoxidmenge äquivalenten Menge Magnesiumsulfat versetzt und mehrere Stunden gerührt. Anschließend wird das entstandene Hydrat des Magnesiumsulfats abfiltriert. Der Gehalt an Peroxiden wird iodometrisch bestimmt.1. Representation of the oxidation solution The appropriate amount of hydrogen peroxide (85% in water) is added to the solvent so that the desired concentration of hydrogen peroxide is reached. To avoid undesirable side reactions, the mixture is cooled to 0 to 5 ° C. To remove the water, the solution is mixed with an amount of magnesium sulfate equivalent to the amount of hydrogen peroxide and stirred for several hours. The resulting hydrate of magnesium sulfate is then filtered off. The content of peroxides is determined iodometrically.
2. Alkenoxidation2. Alkene oxidation
Die zu oxidierenden Alkene werden mit Oxidationslösung versetzt, so daß eine entsprechende Menge Wasserstoffperoxid pro Alken vorliegen. Anschließend wird eine entsprechende Menge Trocknungsmittel zugegeben, so daß das während der Reaktion entstehende Wasser möglichst quantitativ abgefangen wird. Als letztes wird bei den in der Tabelle angegebenen Temperaturen der Katalysator zugegeben. Die Reaktionsmischung wird bis zum vollständigen Alkenumsatz gerührt.Oxidation solution is added to the alkenes to be oxidized, so that there is a corresponding amount of hydrogen peroxide per alkene. A corresponding amount of drying agent is then added so that the water formed during the reaction is captured as quantitatively as possible. Finally, the catalyst is added at the temperatures given in the table. The reaction mixture is stirred until alkene conversion is complete.
3. Aufarbeitung3. Refurbishment
Das Trocknungsmittel wird, soweit möglich, durch Filtration entfernt und anschließend mehrmals mit organischen Solventien gewaschen. Unter vermindertem Druck wird nun fraktionierend destilliert.The drying agent is, if possible, removed by filtration and then washed several times with organic solvents. Fractional distillation is now carried out under reduced pressure.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle gibt die gemäß der obigen allgemeinen Arbeitsvorschrift durchgeführten Experimente an.The following table shows the experiments carried out according to the general working instructions above.
Als Nebenprodukte zu den generierten Aldehyden entstehen die entsprechenden Epoxyalkene bzw. deren Folgeprodukte mit dem verfügbaren Restwasser. Eine Weiterreaktion über die Oxidationsstufe des Aldehyds hinaus zur Carbonsäure ist nicht zu beobachten.The corresponding epoxyalkenes or their secondary products with the available residual water are formed as by-products of the aldehydes generated. A further reaction beyond the oxidation state of the aldehyde to the carboxylic acid cannot be observed.
Die Angaben zur Ausbeute an Aldehyd verstehen sich als isolierte Ausbeuten mit
Ausnahme der Angaben bei der Oxidation von Octadecen, die durch Integration der 1 H-NMR-Signale ermittelt wurden.The data on the yield of aldehyde are understood as isolated yields Except for the information on the oxidation of octadecene, which were determined by integrating the 1 H-NMR signals.
Beispiel 13 zeigt die Oxidation eines verzweigten Alkens, die Beispiele 14 bis 17 sind Vergleichsbeispiele.
Example 13 shows the oxidation of a branched alkene, Examples 14 to 17 are comparative examples.
MTO = MethyltrioxorheniumMTO = methyltrioxorhenium
MTBE = Methyl-tert.-butyletherMTBE = methyl tert-butyl ether
Wasserstoffperoxidkonzentration der Oxidationslösungen: 30 %
Hydrogen peroxide concentration of the oxidation solutions: 30%
Claims
1. Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formel (I)1. Use of compounds of the formula (I)
R1 aRebOc«Ld (I),R 1 a Re b O c «L d (I),
worinwherein
a = Null oder eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 b = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4 c = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 12 d = eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 4a = zero or an integer from 0 to 6 b = an integer from 1 to 4 c = an integer from 1 to 12 d = an integer from 0 to 4
L = Lewis-BaseL = Lewis base
und die Summe von a, b und c so ist, daß sie der Fünf- bis Siebenwertigkeit des Rheniums gerecht wird mit der Maßgabe, daß c nicht größer als 3 • b ist und worin R1 nicht vorhanden, gleich oder verschieden ist und einen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, einen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einen Arylalkylrest mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen darstellt, wobei die Reste R1 gegebenenfalls unabhängig voneinander gleich oder verschieden substituiert sein können, als Katalysatoren zur selektiven Oxidation von Olefinen unter C=C-Bindungsspaltung zu den entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen in Gegenwart einer peroxidhaltigen Verbindung, wobei das Stoffmengenverhältnis olefinische Doppelbindung zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 14 liegt.and the sum of a, b and c is such that it does justice to the five to seven valence of the rhenium, with the proviso that c is not greater than 3 • b and where R 1 is absent, the same or different and an aliphatic Hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, where the radicals R 1 may optionally be substituted independently or identically or differently, as catalysts for selective Oxidation of olefins with C = C bond cleavage to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of a peroxide-containing compound, the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing compound being in a range from 1: 2 to 1:14.
2. Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formel I nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß R1 = C1-C3-Alkyl, a = 1 , b = 1 und c = 3 ist.2. Use of compounds of formula I according to claim 1, characterized in that R 1 = C 1 -C 3 alkyl, a = 1, b = 1 and c = 3.
3. Verfahren zur katalytischen Oxidation von Olefinen, wobei die Olefine an einer Doppelbindung gespalten werden und selektiv die entsprechende
Carbonylverbindung generiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Reaktion in Gegenwart eines Katalysators der Formel I3. Process for the catalytic oxidation of olefins, wherein the olefins are cleaved on a double bond and selectively the corresponding one Carbonyl compound is generated, characterized in that the reaction in the presence of a catalyst of formula I.
R1 aRebOc«Ld (I),R 1 a Re b O c «L d (I),
worinwherein
a = Null oder eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 6 b = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4 c = eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 12 d = eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 4a = zero or an integer from 0 to 6 b = an integer from 1 to 4 c = an integer from 1 to 12 d = an integer from 0 to 4
L = Lewis-BaseL = Lewis base
und die Summe von a, b und c so ist, daß sie der Fünf- bzw. Siebenwertigkeit des Rheniums gerecht wird mit der Maßgabe, daß c nicht größer als 3 • b ist und worin R1 nicht vorhanden, gleich oder verschieden ist und einen aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 10 C-Atomen, einen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen oder einen Arylalkylrest mit 7 bis 9 C-Atomen darstellt, und einer peroxidhaltigen Verbindung in einem flüssigen Medium oxidiert werden, wobei das Stoffmengenverhältnis olefinische Doppelbindung zu peroxidhaltiger Verbindung in einem Bereich von 1 : 2 bis 1 : 14 liegt.and the sum of a, b and c is such that it does justice to the five or seven valence of the rhenium, with the proviso that c is not greater than 3 • b and where R 1 is absent, the same or different and one aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl radical having 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and a peroxide-containing compound are oxidized in a liquid medium, the molar ratio of olefinic double bond to peroxide-containing Connection is in a range of 1: 2 to 1:14.
4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als peroxidhaltige Verbindung Wasserstoffperoxid in Form einer wasserfreien Oxidationslösung eingesetzt wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that hydrogen peroxide in the form of an anhydrous oxidation solution is used as the peroxide-containing compound.
5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wasserfreie Bedingungen durch den Zusatz eines anorganischen oder organischen wasserentziehenden Mittels hergestellt werden oder spezielle aprotische Lösungsmittel verwendet werden.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that anhydrous conditions are prepared by the addition of an inorganic or organic dehydrating agent or special aprotic solvents are used.
6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aprotische Lösungsmittel tert.-Butylmethylether ist.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the aprotic solvent is tert-butyl methyl ether.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Olefine unter Spaltung einer C=C-Doppelbindung zu Aldehyden oxidiert werden.
7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that olefins are oxidized to cleave a C = C double bond to aldehydes.
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DE19717181 | 1997-04-24 | ||
DE19717181A DE19717181A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 | 1997-04-24 | Process for the selective catalytic oxidation of olefins to aldehydes / ketones with C = C bond cleavage |
PCT/EP1998/001862 WO1998047847A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 | 1998-03-31 | Method for selective catalytic oxidation into aldehydes/ketones by breaking the c=c bond |
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JP4682422B2 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2011-05-11 | 住友化学株式会社 | Process for producing 3,3-dimethyl-2-formylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid esters |
IN191721B (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2003-12-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | |
IL144815A (en) | 2000-08-11 | 2005-07-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Process for producing carbonyl or hydroxy compound |
RU2223268C1 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2004-02-10 | Институт катализа им. Г.К. Борескова СО РАН | Method for preparing carbonyl compounds |
CN1800132B (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2012-03-28 | 湖南大学 | Arene olefin catalytic oxidation for preparing aromatic aldehyde |
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US3518285A (en) | 1967-03-16 | 1970-06-30 | Union Oil Co | Hydrocarbon olefin oxidation |
US4560803A (en) * | 1982-09-21 | 1985-12-24 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Catalysts and process for oxidation of olefins to ketones |
IT1187738B (en) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-12-23 | Interox Sa | PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALDEHYDIC OR KETONIC COMPOUNDS AND ALDEHYDES AND KETONES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCEDURE |
DE3902357A1 (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-08-02 | Hoechst Ag | USE OF RHENIUM-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE OXIDATION OF C-C MULTIPLE-BONDINGS, OXIDATION PROCESSES BASED ON THEM AND NEW RHENIUM-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
US5126490A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1992-06-30 | Princeton University | Process for the catalytic oxidation of olefins to carbonyl compounds |
US5321158A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1994-06-14 | Solvay Interox Gmbh | Production of carboxylic acids |
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1997
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