EP0977002B1 - Gun barrel with a wear reducing hard chromium layer - Google Patents

Gun barrel with a wear reducing hard chromium layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0977002B1
EP0977002B1 EP99110786A EP99110786A EP0977002B1 EP 0977002 B1 EP0977002 B1 EP 0977002B1 EP 99110786 A EP99110786 A EP 99110786A EP 99110786 A EP99110786 A EP 99110786A EP 0977002 B1 EP0977002 B1 EP 0977002B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cracks
gun barrel
chrome
layer
chrome layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99110786A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0977002A2 (en
EP0977002A3 (en
Inventor
Gert Schlenkert
Hartmut Wagner
Horst Reckeweg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall W&M GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall W&M GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall W&M GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall W&M GmbH
Publication of EP0977002A2 publication Critical patent/EP0977002A2/en
Publication of EP0977002A3 publication Critical patent/EP0977002A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0977002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0977002B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
    • F41A21/02—Composite barrels, i.e. barrels having multiple layers, e.g. of different materials
    • F41A21/04—Barrel liners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12632—Four or more distinct components with alternate recurrence of each type component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weapon barrel with an inside wear-reducing hard chrome layer, which a variety of Contains micro cracks.
  • a disadvantage of these known gun barrels is, among other things, that their manufacture is proportional is complex.
  • the micro cracks located inside the chrome layer not be filled with the sliding layer, so that this their chromium breakout inducing effect to keep.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a weapon barrel, the hard chrome layer improved thermal shock resistance compared to conventional hard chrome layers without the micro cracks being filled with a layer of high lubricity Need to become.
  • the invention is essentially based on the idea of the number of microcracks in the hard chrome layer compared to gun barrels with conventional hard chrome layers, whereby in the cross-sectional area of the respective hard chrome layer at least 500 cracks / cm or on the The surface of the coating is at least 150 cracks / cm.
  • the surprisingly caused by the increase in the crack number improved thermal shock resistance of hard chrome can be explained as follows:
  • the shot is subject to very brittle chrome layer high loads that lead to accordingly high thermally induced strains and stresses to lead. Once the strains become elastic due to the chrome layer exceed the recordable share, they will be via the existing and additional cracks (expansion joints) added.
  • the conventional chrome layers where the number of cracks measured in cross section is approximately between 200 and 400 cracks / cm or that on the surface of the coating counted number of cracks is between 40 and 70 cracks / cm-, the cracks have a relatively high amount of elongation in one take such thermal shock so that they are too relative large cracks grow together, which in turn for the Chromium breakouts are responsible.
  • the invention now proposes by increasing the number of cracks to minimize the amount of elongation related to the individual crack (Pseudo-productility), so that a growing together larger Cracks responsible for chrome breakouts no longer can arise.
  • the gun barrels according to the invention have the improved Thermal shock resistance has the advantage over that well-known chrome-plated gun barrels with chrome layers greater wall thickness can be applied to the gun barrel can, which allow better protection of the pipe material.
  • the chrome layers of the invention Gun barrels less sensitive to mechanical Loads (e.g. with floor contact) and therefore also advantageous can be used in machine guns.
  • the composition can influence the frequency of cracks of the chromium plating electrolyte, the chromium plating temperature and the type of current supply when the gun barrel is chrome-plated take place, the optimal parameters for the respective application can be determined by tests have to.
  • 1 designates a gun barrel that one Cargo space 2 includes.
  • the gun barrel 1 is with a hard chrome layer 3 provided the wall thickness 4 and extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 5.
  • Fig.2 are in the hard chrome layer 3 shows a large number of microcracks 6, according to the invention in the cross-sectional area of the respective hard chrome layer at least 500 cracks / cm or on the surface the coating has at least 150 cracks / cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Waffenrohr mit einer innenseitigen verschleißmindernden Hartchromschicht, die eine Vielzahl von Mikrorissen enthält.The invention relates to a weapon barrel with an inside wear-reducing hard chrome layer, which a variety of Contains micro cracks.

Die beim Abschuß von Munition entstehenden heißen Pulverschwaden führen bei einer ungeschützten Innenwandung des entsprechenden üblicherweise aus Stahl bestehenden Waffenrohres zu abrasiven und erosiven Verschleißerscheinungen. Dieses führt zu Leistungs- und Treffereinbußen der jeweiligen Waffe sowie zu einer vorzeitigen Ermüdungslebensdauer des Waffenrohres.The hot puffs of powder created when ammunition was fired lead with an unprotected inner wall of the corresponding weapon barrel usually made of steel to abrasive and erosive signs of wear. This leads to performance and hit losses of the respective Weapon as well as a premature fatigue life of the Barrel.

Aus der DE 41 07 273 A1 ist es bekannt, bei großkalibrigen Waffenrohren zur Verringerung des erosiven Rohrverschleisses auf die Innenwandung des jeweiligen Waffenrohres eine Hartchromschicht aufzubringen. Allerdings hat sich gezeigt, daß die durch den Schuß bedingte hohe Thermoschockbelastung nach und nach ein Abplatzen der Chromschicht bewirken kann, so daß das Waffenrohr an den entstehenden Chromausbrüchen nicht mehr vor den heißen Pulvergasen geschützt ist und es wiederum zu Erosionen kommt.From DE 41 07 273 A1 it is known for large-caliber Gun tubes to reduce erosive tube wear a hard chrome layer on the inside wall of the respective gun barrel applied. However, it has been shown that the high thermal shock load caused by the shot and can cause the chrome layer to flake off, so that the gun barrel on the emerging chrome outbreaks no longer in front of the hot powder gases is protected and erosion occurs.

Da die Chromausbrüche auf bei der Verchromung entstehenden Mikrorisse zurückzurühren sind, wird in der DE 41 07 273 A vorgeschlagen, die Chromausbrüche dadurch zu verhindern, daß die im Oberflächenbereich der Chromschicht vorhandenen Mikrorisse mit einem Werkstoff hoher Gleitfähigkeit, z.B. Polytetrafluorethyl, gefüllt werden.Since the chrome outbreaks can be traced back to microcracks that occur during chrome plating, is proposed in DE 41 07 273 A to prevent the chrome outbreaks that the im Surface area of the chrome layer existing micro cracks with a material with high lubricity, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethyl.

Nachteilig ist bei diesen bekannten Waffenrohren unter anderem, daß ihre Herstellung verhältnismäßig aufwendig ist. Außerdem können die im Inneren der Chromschicht befindlichen Mikrorisse nicht mit der Gleitschicht gefüllt werden, so daß diese ihre die Chromausbrüche induzierende Wirkung behalten.A disadvantage of these known gun barrels is, among other things, that their manufacture is proportional is complex. In addition, the micro cracks located inside the chrome layer not be filled with the sliding layer, so that this their chromium breakout inducing effect to keep.

Aus der DE 22 44 029 A ist es bekannt, zur Verbesserung der Einlauf- und Abnutzungseigenschaften z.B. von Kolben und Zylinderbohrungen von Brennkraftmaschinen, diese mit einer mikrorissigen Chromoberfläche zu versehen, wobei die entsprechende Chromschicht mindestens 600 Risse/cm aufweisen soll.From DE 22 44 029 A it is known to improve the running-in and wear properties e.g. of pistons and cylinder bores of internal combustion engines, these with a to provide micro-cracked chrome surface, the corresponding chrome layer at least 600 cracks / cm.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Waffenrohr anzugeben, dessen Hartchromschicht eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Hartchromschichten verbesserte Thermoschockbeständigkeit aufweist, ohne daß hierzu die Mikrorisse durch eine Schicht hoher Gleitfähigkeit ausgefüllt werden müssen.The present invention has for its object to provide a weapon barrel, the hard chrome layer improved thermal shock resistance compared to conventional hard chrome layers without the micro cracks being filled with a layer of high lubricity Need to become.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Further advantageous configurations the invention disclose the subclaims.

Im wesentlichen liegt der Erfindung der Gedanke zugrunde, die Anzahl der Mikrorisse in der Hartchromschicht gegenüber Waffenrohren mit herkömmlichen Hartchromschichten zu erhöhen, wobei in der Querschnittsfläche der jeweiligen Hartchromschicht mindestens 500 Risse/cm bzw. auf der Oberfläche der Beschichtung mindestens 150 Risse/cm vorhanden sind. The invention is essentially based on the idea of the number of microcracks in the hard chrome layer compared to gun barrels with conventional hard chrome layers, whereby in the cross-sectional area of the respective hard chrome layer at least 500 cracks / cm or on the The surface of the coating is at least 150 cracks / cm.

Die Tatsache, daß eine Erhöhung der Rißzahl innerhalb der Hartchromschicht zu einer Verbesserung der Thermoschockbeständigkeit des Waffenrohres führt, ist überraschend. Denn da die Mikrorisse bei bekannten Waffen Auslöser für das Abplatzen der Chromschicht sind, liegt es zunächst nahe, die Anzahl der Mikrorisse möglichst klein zu halten. Zwar wird in der vorstehend erwähnten DE 41 07 273 A1 ebenfalls vorgeschlagen, die Anzahl der Mikrorisse nach dem Aufbringen der Chromschicht zu erhöhen, doch sollen die zusätzlich eingebrachten Mikrorisse im Bereich der Oberfläche der Chromschicht eingebracht werden und dienen lediglich zur Haftverbesserung der aufgebrachten Gleitschicht.The fact that an increase in the number of cracks within the Hard chrome layer to improve thermal shock resistance of the gun barrel is surprising. Because there the micro-cracks in known weapons triggers for flaking the number of chromium layers, it is obvious at first to keep the micro cracks as small as possible. Although in the DE 41 07 273 A1 mentioned above also proposed the number of microcracks after the chrome layer was applied to increase, but the additional contributions should Microcracks are introduced in the area of the surface of the chrome layer are and only serve to improve the detention of the applied sliding layer.

Die durch die Rißzahlerhöhung in überraschender Weise bewirkte verbesserte Thermoschockbeständigkeit des Hartchroms läßt sich folgendermaßen erklären: Beim Schuß unterliegt die sehr spröde Chromschicht hohen Belastungen, die zu entsprechend hohen thermisch induzierten Dehnungen und Spannungen führen. Sobald die Dehnungen den durch die Chromschicht elastisch aufnehmbaren Anteil überschreiten, werden sie über die vorhandenen und zusätzlich entstehenden Risse (Dehnfugen) aufgenommen. Bei den herkömmlichen Chromschichten, bei denen die im Querschnitt gemessene Rißzahl etwa zwischen 200 und 400 Risse/cm -bzw. die auf der Oberfläche der Beschichtung gezählte Rißzahl etwa zwischen 40 und 70 Risse/cm- liegt, müssen die Risse einen relativ hohen Dehnungsanteil bei einem derartigen Thermoschock übernehmen, so daß sie zu relativ großen Rissen zusammenwachsen, die dann ihrerseits für die Chromausbrüche verantwortlich sind.The surprisingly caused by the increase in the crack number improved thermal shock resistance of hard chrome can be explained as follows: The shot is subject to very brittle chrome layer high loads that lead to accordingly high thermally induced strains and stresses to lead. Once the strains become elastic due to the chrome layer exceed the recordable share, they will be via the existing and additional cracks (expansion joints) added. With the conventional chrome layers, where the number of cracks measured in cross section is approximately between 200 and 400 cracks / cm or that on the surface of the coating counted number of cracks is between 40 and 70 cracks / cm-, the cracks have a relatively high amount of elongation in one take such thermal shock so that they are too relative large cracks grow together, which in turn for the Chromium breakouts are responsible.

Die Erfindung schlägt nun vor, durch Vergrößerung der Rißzahl den auf den einzelnen Riß bezogenen Dehnungsanteil zu minimieren (Pseudoduktilität), so daß ein Zusammenwachsen größerer für Chromausbrüche verantwortlicher Risse nicht mehr entstehen können.The invention now proposes by increasing the number of cracks to minimize the amount of elongation related to the individual crack (Pseudo-productility), so that a growing together larger Cracks responsible for chrome breakouts no longer can arise.

Hinsichtlich der unterschiedlichen Rißzahlen auf der Oberfläche und im Querschnitt der Hartchromschicht ist auf folgendes hinzuweisen: Grundsätzlich gibt es keine Vorzugsrichtung der Chromrißhäufigkeit. Die Risse entstehen bei der galvanischen Abscheidung des Chroms durch hohe Zugeigenspannungen, die abscheidungsbedingt sind. Bei Erreichen einer gewissen Mindestschichtdicke (ca. 5 µm) reißt die Chromschicht von der Chromschichtoberfläche her ein und löst einen großen Anteil der Eigenspannungen aus. Bei der weiteren Abscheidung überwachsen die entstehenden Risse mit Chrom, der dann ebenfalls nach Erreichen einer gewissen Schichtdicke einreißt usw. Dadurch entsteht ein Labyrinthverschluß. Wenn anschließend die Anzahl der Risse nicht auf der Oberfläche der Beschichtung, sondern im Querschnitt der Hartchromschicht gezählt wird, werden mehr Risse pro Wegstrecke gezählt. Dieses ist verständlich, wenn man sich vergegenwärtigt, daß die Risse in der Chromschicht von der Oberfläche her initiiert werden.With regard to the different number of cracks on the surface and the cross section of the hard chrome layer is as follows Please note: There is basically no preferred direction of the Chromrißhäufigkeit. The cracks arise in the galvanic Deposition of the chrome by high tensile residual stresses, which are due to the deposition are. When a certain minimum layer thickness is reached (approx. 5 µm) the chrome layer tears from the chrome layer surface forth and solves a large proportion of the Residual stresses. Overgrown during further separation the resulting cracks with chrome, which then also after reaching tears a certain layer thickness, etc. a labyrinth lock is created. Then if the number the cracks not on the surface of the coating, but is counted in the cross section of the hard chrome layer, more Cracks counted per distance. This is understandable, though one realizes that the cracks in the chrome layer be initiated from the surface.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohre weisen außer der verbesserten Thermoschockbeständigkeit den Vorteil auf, daß gegenüber bekannten verchromten Waffenrohren Chromschichten mit größerer Wandstärke auf das Waffenrohr aufgebracht werden können, die einen besseren Schutz des Rohrwerkstoffes ermöglichen. Außerdem sind die Chromschichten der erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohre unempfindlicher gegenüber mechanischen Belastungen (z.B. bei Geschoßkontakt) und daher auch vorteilhaft in Maschinenwaffen einsetzbar.The gun barrels according to the invention have the improved Thermal shock resistance has the advantage over that well-known chrome-plated gun barrels with chrome layers greater wall thickness can be applied to the gun barrel can, which allow better protection of the pipe material. In addition, the chrome layers of the invention Gun barrels less sensitive to mechanical Loads (e.g. with floor contact) and therefore also advantageous can be used in machine guns.

Die Beeinflussung der Rißhäufigkeit kann durch die Zusammensetzung des Verchromungselektrolyten, der Verchromungstemperatur und der Art der Stromführung beim Verchromen des Waffenrohres erfolgen, wobei die optimalen Parameter für den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall durch Versuche ermittelt werden müssen.The composition can influence the frequency of cracks of the chromium plating electrolyte, the chromium plating temperature and the type of current supply when the gun barrel is chrome-plated take place, the optimal parameters for the respective application can be determined by tests have to.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den folgenden anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
den Längsschnitt eines Teiles eines mit einer Hartchromschicht versehenen erfindungsgemäßen Waffenrohres und
Fig.2
einen vergrößerten Querschnittsbereich entlang der in Fig.1 mit II-II bezeichneten Schnittlinie.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiments explained with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig.1
the longitudinal section of a part of a gun barrel provided with a hard chrome layer and
Fig.2
an enlarged cross-sectional area along the section line designated II-II in Fig.1.

In Fig.1 ist mit 1 ein Waffenrohr bezeichnet, das einen Ladungsraum 2 umfaßt. Das Waffenrohr 1 ist mit einer Hartchromschicht 3 der Wandstärke 4 versehen und erstreckt sich in Richtung der Längsachse 5.In Figure 1, 1 designates a gun barrel that one Cargo space 2 includes. The gun barrel 1 is with a hard chrome layer 3 provided the wall thickness 4 and extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 5.

Wie in Fig.2 angedeutet, befinden sich in der Hartchromschicht 3 eine Vielzahl von Mikrorissen 6, wobei erfindungsgemäß in der Querschnittsfläche der jeweiligen Hartchromschicht mindestens 500 Risse/cm bzw. auf der Oberfläche der Beschichtung mindestens 150 Risse/cm vorhanden sind. As indicated in Fig.2, are in the hard chrome layer 3 shows a large number of microcracks 6, according to the invention in the cross-sectional area of the respective hard chrome layer at least 500 cracks / cm or on the surface the coating has at least 150 cracks / cm.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Waffenrohrbarrel
22
Ladungsraumcargo space
33
HartchromschichtHard chrome layer
44
WandstärkeWall thickness
55
Längsachselongitudinal axis
66
Mikrorißmicrocrack

Claims (2)

  1. Gun barrel having an inner wear-reducing hard chrome coating (3), which contains a plurality of microcracks (6), characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the respective hard chrome coating (3) contains at least 500 cracks/cm.
  2. Gun barrel according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the hard chrome coating (3) there are at least 150 cracks/cm.
EP99110786A 1998-07-30 1999-06-04 Gun barrel with a wear reducing hard chromium layer Expired - Lifetime EP0977002B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19834394A DE19834394A1 (en) 1998-07-30 1998-07-30 Gun barrel with a wear-reducing hard chrome layer
DE19834394 1998-07-30

Publications (3)

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EP0977002A2 EP0977002A2 (en) 2000-02-02
EP0977002A3 EP0977002A3 (en) 2000-03-29
EP0977002B1 true EP0977002B1 (en) 2002-11-27

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EP99110786A Expired - Lifetime EP0977002B1 (en) 1998-07-30 1999-06-04 Gun barrel with a wear reducing hard chromium layer

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US (2) US6381893B2 (en)
EP (1) EP0977002B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19834394A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2185270T3 (en)

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DE102012000686A1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2013-07-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Gun barrel with chromed inner profile

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20010029689A1 (en) 2001-10-18
DE19834394A1 (en) 2000-02-03
US20020095846A1 (en) 2002-07-25
DE59903519D1 (en) 2003-01-09
US6381893B2 (en) 2002-05-07
ES2185270T3 (en) 2003-04-16
EP0977002A2 (en) 2000-02-02
EP0977002A3 (en) 2000-03-29
US6701656B2 (en) 2004-03-09

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