Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/38—Torches, e.g. for brazing or heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
  • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
  • F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
  • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23D—BURNERS
  • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement

Definitions

• Burner such as a monodard torch, with premelane flow rate greater than 1000 liters / hour
• the present invention relates to a burner, such as a torch, preferably a monodard, with a premix of flow rate greater than 1000 l / h of the type comprising a gas mixture supply line having a gas mixture supply end and a single nozzle for establishing the flame mounted at the other end of said supply line.
• the burners in particular the torches, in particular of the known monodard premix type, generally comprise at the supply end an injector ensuring the contacting of a combustible gas, coming from a first supply source, with an oxidizing gas. , from a second power source.
• the supply line thus connects the injector to the nozzle.
• This pipe is generally formed by a straight pipe over most of its length, commonly called a lance. For a hand torch, the lance is about 30 cm long. In practice, the lance has a bend at its outlet end. In order to avoid flashbacks inside the supply line and to limit space, the torch designers seek to reduce the internal section of the pipe.
• the object of the invention is to provide a burner, in particular a torch, the noise emissions caused by the flame are reduced.
• the subject of the invention is a burner, such as a torch, preferably a monodard, with a premix of flow rate greater than 1000 l / h of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the supply line is adapted so that, in any point of at least one cross section thereof, the Reynolds number of the mixture circulating in the supply line is less than 3000, when the burner or torch operates in steady state at a flow rate greater than 1000 l / h .
• the burner in particular the torch, can include one or more of the following characteristics:
• the speed of the mixture in said cross section is less than 5 m / s;
• the supply line has longitudinal walls extending in the direction of flow and dividing the cross section of the supply line into adjacent channels and, at any point by at least one cross section of said subdivided section, the Reynolds number of the mixture circulating in the supply line is less than 3000, when the burner or the torch is operating in steady state;
• the supply line comprises, at the supply end a clear mixing chamber, into which opens a gas mixture supply passage, the section of the mixing chamber being greater than the section of the supply passage , the section of the supply line suddenly increasing in the direction of flow, from the supply passage to the mixing chamber, in particular along a shoulder;
• the supply line comprises, on a section, a set of elements forming a baffle, extended in the direction of flow by a clear section; - The supply line comprises, on at least one section, an axial flow guide member;
• each axial guide member has longitudinal walls extending in the direction of flow, which walls subdivide the cross section of the supply pipe into adjacent channels defining a regular pattern; - The surfaces of the cross sections of the channels of the same axial guide member are substantially equal;
• the length measured along the direction of flow, of the channels of or each guide member is between four to ten times, in particular six to eight times the diameter of a channel;
• At least two sections of the supply line comprise axial guide members and in that the surfaces of the cross sections of the channels decrease from one member to another in the direction of flow of the mixture;
• the nozzle is delimited internally from the pipe to its outlet end by a converging having a general S shape, which converging tangentially connects to the supply pipe.
• the burner according to the invention is a blowtorch, such as a monodard blowtorch.
• the invention also relates to the use of a torch according to the invention in an oxy-combustion process, using a mixture containing at least one combustible gas and at least one oxidizing gas, such as a mixture containing and propane.
• a monodard torch according to the invention can be applied to any brewing operation, from hot before removal ("straightening" in English), preheating before welding, heating for forming or any other heat treatment operation of a material preferably a metal or metal alloy material.
• the burner according to the invention can be applied to the field of combustion, that is to say to any process using an oxy-fuel flame, for example in an oven and / or in the field of work of the glass.
• oxygen is the preferred oxidant, it is also possible, in certain cases, to use air, preferably compressed, as oxidizing gas.
• - Figure 2 is a diagram showing the measurement results of the sound level recorded for different flow rates of the torch of Figure 1 and a torch of the prior art; and - Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of another embodiment of a torch according to the invention.
• the torch 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a premix injector 12, a lance 14 forming a supply line for the mixture and a single end nozzle 16.
• the injector 12 comprises a body 18 traversed by a fuel gas supply conduit 20.
• the body 18 also comprises a lateral conduit 22 for supplying oxidant gas.
• the conduits 20 and 22 open into a threaded hole 24, into which is screwed a manifold 26 crossed by an axial passage 28 for feeding the gaseous mixture into the conduit 14.
• the passage 28 has a diameter of approximately 3 mm and is connected to conduits 20 and 22 by connections 30.
• the passage 28 opens at the center of a flat transverse face of the collector, denoted 28A, which extends perpendicular to the axis of the passage 28.
• the pipe 14 is formed by a pipe of circular section having an internal diameter equal to approximately 21 mm and a length equal to approximately 276 mm.
• An inlet end 32 of the pipe 14 has an external thread. It is screwed into the threaded hole 24. This end rests on the flat face 28A.
• the pipe 14 comprises, at the supply end 32, a clear mixing chamber 34 into which the feed passage 28 opens axially.
• the section of the mixing chamber 34 is equal to the internal section of the pipe 14. This section is much greater than the section of the passage 28.
• the section of the supply line increases suddenly according to the direction of flow of the mixture. This abrupt variation in section is ensured here by a shoulder delimited by the face 28A.
• the pipe 14 From its inlet end 32 to the nozzle 16, the pipe 14 contains successive members for regulating the gas flow spaced apart by clear sections.
• a baffle 36 is disposed downstream of the inlet end 32. This defines with the flat face 28A of the injector the mixing chamber 34 which extends over 21 mm.
• the baffle 36 is formed by an agglomerated assembly of similar elements, for example independent balls 36A retained between two transverse end grids 36B.
• the balls 36A have a diameter of 4 mm.
• the grids 36B consist of a braided wire mesh, the neighboring strands of which are spaced about 0.5 mm apart.
• This baffle can also be formed by a porous material, in particular a sintered material.
• the baffle 36 extends over a length of 30 mm. It is followed by a cleared still chamber 38 also extending over a length of 30 mm.
• the chamber 38 is delimited downstream by a member 40 for axially guiding the flow.
• This member is formed by a section with a length of 24 mm, of a honeycomb structure whose walls extend along the axis of the pipe 14.
• the member 40 is formed of a set of longitudinal walls dividing the pipe 14 into a set of parallel channels.
• the diameter of each channel is 4 mm.
• the channels here have a hexagonal section. However, they can also be of square or circular section.
• a second plenum chamber 42 Downstream of the member 40, a second plenum chamber 42 is provided, extending over a length of 85 mm. It is delimited at its downstream end by a second axial guide member 44 formed by a honeycomb structure whose diameter of each channel is equal to 1 mm. This member 44, the channels of which extend in the direction of flow, has a length of 6 mm. Downstream of the member 44 is disposed a grid 46 whose mesh is approximately 0.5 mm. This grid delimits with the member 44 a clearing chamber 48 extending over 50 mm.
• the grid 46 is separated from the outlet end of the pipe 14 by a cleared chamber 50 extending over 30 mm.
• the nozzle 16 has an inner profile of revolution. It is delimited from the pipe 14 to its outlet end 52 by a convergent 54 having a general profile in S. The convergent 54 is tangentially connected to the outlet end of the pipe 14.
• the outlet end 52 of the nozzle has a diameter of 3 mm, so that the nominal mixing flow rate of such a nozzle is 2000 l / h.
• the profile of the convergent 54 is for example defined by a polynomial of order 5 calculated according to the method of Bell and Metha, described in the publication "Bell, JH and Metha, RD Contraction Design for Small Low Speed Wind Tunnels, AIAA Journal, 27 , 372-4, (1989) ".
• This nozzle has a great contraction ratio.
• the contraction ratio which is defined by the inlet section of the nozzle on its outlet section is approximately 50.
• the aspect ratio, namely the length of the nozzle over its inlet diameter is about 2.6.
• the surface of the convergent 54 is chosen to be as smooth as possible.
• the nozzle 16 is connected to the end of the pipe 14 by a tapped connection sleeve 56.
• the devices for positioning and fixing the members 36, 40, 44 and 46 constituted for example by tubular sections forming spacers between the members, are adapted to ensure the continuity of the inner wall of the lance, so that it is internally devoid of roughness, groove and sudden variation in section.
• the pipe 14 of the torch described here has an interior section of large area relative to that of the outlet section of the nozzle.
• the Reynolds number of the mixture circulating in the pipe 14 is at all points at least one pipe cross section less than 3000, when the torch is operating in steady state.
• the flow of the gas mixture in the supply line is a substantially laminar flow. It has been observed that the laminarization of the flow in the pipe 14 leads to a reduction of the order of 20 decibels (dBA) in the noise level measured at the nozzle of the torch. Such an improvement is noted in particular for such a diameter of the pipe for speeds of the mixture in the pipe of less than 5 m / s.
• Figure 2 presents experimental results of noise level measurements. The noise levels were noted at 0.5 m from the nozzle in the exit plane of the latter. The reference levels were obtained with a "Variai G2" type torch, marketed in France by Soudure Auto constitue.
• This torch was equipped with a nozzle with a nominal mixing flow of 2000 l / h having an outlet diameter of 3 mm.
• the richness of the mixture used, propane and oxygen, was 1.33.
• the internal diameter of the cylindrical supply pipe of such a torch is 8 mm.
• the curve shows the sound levels recorded for this reference torch and the torch 10 in FIG. 1, for different flow rates ranging from 1200 l / h to 3000 l / h of the same mixture. These sound levels are represented respectively by black circles and white squares.
• the noise emitted by a flame comes on the one hand from the dart (central part of the flame) and on the other hand from the plume (peripheral part of the flame).
• the torch according to the invention was designed in order to further reduce the turbulence present at the base of the dart.
• the torch has been dimensioned in order to obtain a substantially laminar flow inside the lance.
• the following phenomena are observed.
• the combustible and oxidizing gases are brought into contact in the supply passage 28.
• the sudden change in diameter at the inlet end 32 causes the gases to recirculate inside the mixing chamber 34.
• swirls arise at the outlet from passage 28, which generates a turbulent flow in the chamber 34. This turbulent flow promotes the homogeneous mixing of gases.
• the variation of the section from the section of the passage 28 to the maximum section of the mixing chamber should be effected over a short length. along the axis of the pipe 14.
• the profile must be included on the outside of a cone whose apex angle is equal to 14 ° and preferably greater than or equal to 20 °.
• the length of the mixing chamber is advantageously equal to the diameter of the latter.
• the flow of combustible and oxidizing gas mixed in the chamber 34 then flows randomly through the baffle 36.
• the spatial scale of the turbulence is thus reduced to a dimension of the order of the diameter of the balls 36A (4 mm).
• the stilling chamber 38 then ensures a viscous dissipation of the vortices still present in the flow.
• the axial guide member 40 then attenuates the fluctuations of the transverse velocities in the flow. In particular, it directs the flow in the direction of the axis of the pipe 14.
• the length of the member with a honeycomb structure is four to ten times and preferably six to eight times the diameter of the channels constituting said member.
• the stilling chamber 42 arranged downstream of the member 40, must have a length sufficient to absorb the turbulence generated by the member 40.
• the member 44 provides with the downstream stilling chamber 48 a further attenuation of the transverse velocities in the flow and improves the directivity of the 'flow.
• the grid 46 associated with the chamber 50 performs a final damping of the turbulence of the flow.
• the presence of the baffle 36 and the axial flow guiding members 40, 44 further improves the reduction in the noise level.
• FIG 3 an alternative embodiment of the torch 10 of Figure 1.
• This torch is distinguished from that of Figure 1 only by its supply line.
• This is formed by a tube 100 of circular section with an internal diameter of 10 mm and a length of 221 mm.
• This tube internally comprises two identical members 102, 104 for axial guidance of the mixture.
• These organs are formed by honeycomb structures whose walls extend longitudinally. These walls delimit channels with a diameter equal to 1 mm.
• These two sections 102, 104 each extend over a length of 60 mm. They delimit between them a cleared still chamber bearing the reference 106. This extends over a length of 30 mm.
• Between the second section 104 and the nozzle 16 is provided a plenum 108 extending over a length of 50 mm.
• a flow rate of the order of approximately 2800 l / h leads to a speed in the supply line equal to 10 m / s.
• the Reynolds number of the mixture flowing in the parallel channels delimited by the honeycomb structures is substantially equal to 500.
• the number Reynolds' flow is less than 3000 over the entire section of the pipe. This causes a laminarization of the flow from which it results an improved stabilization of the dart of the flame.
• the torch described in Figure 3 generates a significantly lower noise level than the reference torch.
• the torches described here have a straight lance. However, this may include a bent section (in particular at its outlet end), without the measured noise level being significantly increased.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)

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• 1997
  • 1997-03-28 FR FR9703879A patent/FR2761457B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1998
  • 1998-03-19 ES ES98914950T patent/ES2167071T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-03-19 AU AU69254/98A patent/AU6925498A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-03-19 WO PCT/FR1998/000553 patent/WO1998044296A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-03-19 EP EP98914950A patent/EP0970325B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-03-19 DE DE69802273T patent/DE69802273T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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