EP0963799A1 - Method and apparatus for bending a profile - Google Patents

Abstract

The bending edge in the first (meniscal) bending plane is continually positioned so that the meniscal direction (MR) of the already bent section of the profile (100) forms a preselected angle ( alpha ) with the bending edge, this angle being constant or variable over the profile length (L). Meniscal rolls (25, 26) are used to form a first bend in the wire in a first (meniscal) plane, and then a bending roll (16) is used to bend the wire about a bending edge in a second plane orthogonal to the first plane. An Independent claim is also included for the bending apparatus, the bending edge, bending roll and meniscal rolls being integrated into a single unit pivotable over the above angle ( alpha ) about a common positioning axis (PP).

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a method and a device for wire bending in a given form, especially to form a Rim of a pair of glasses.

State of the art

The basic principle of known methods is to wire the provided profile over mutually appropriately aligned To guide rollers and rolls and a spatial during the feed Bend to make so that after passing the predetermined length the bending profile, for example the circumference of one Spectacle rim as exactly as possible that of the glass manufacturer or others Customer specified shape of the eye rim is achieved. This brings various technological problems with the example of The edge of the eye of a pair of glasses are explained:

The cross section of even the most precise wire is along its length Subject to fluctuations, with the result that those with a certain Force / specific torque in the area of the bending rolls performed computer-calculated turn to the appropriate extent fluctuates, which affects the overall shape of the rim of the glasses below Circumstances can have a serious impact if a particularly strong one Tolerance fluctuation of the wire occurs on a wire area, its turn is of particular importance for the overall result of the Bend is; the precision of the entire bending process can be are most likely to be read from the beginning and (cut off) end of the "Match" wire after bending one eye edge; in the As a rule, this results in tolerances in the range of a few Millimeters in all directions, which means the cutting process or its exact spatial positioning is very difficult (but what should not be the subject of the present invention).

Another problem is the cross-sectional distribution of the Material of the wire; depending on the material as such (e.g. Titan), the chosen profile and the manufacturing process of the Wires are zones of different material density across the cross-section trained, which also vary from wire lot to wire lot can; these fluctuations in the cross-sectional distribution of the Material with the associated fluctuations in physical Parameters such as bending behavior, torsion behavior also leads to the fact that the tolerances mentioned above in the bending of the Occur around the eyes or are intensified. The different cross-sectional distribution of the material also has Consequence that the length of the wire section, the one edge of the eye forms, fluctuates, since the predominant bend by 360 ° inner areas of the wire inevitably compressed, the outer Areas of the wire inevitably need to be stretched, causing the End length of the wire section is affected.

Deviations from once occurred due to such tolerances Bends from the "programmed" bending curves are only conditional to "repair", as it depends on the material used for the bending, Squeezing and stretching processes around irreversible physical processes acts (so that one bends back, for example Wire section no longer the original state of the wire achieved in a straight condition, not to mention that delivered Wire rolls that are fed to the bend also already Have upsets, bends and twists).

The bend of the wire section to the edge of the eye creates one three-dimensional structure, i.e. the bottom edge of the formed The edge of the eye can be seen on a slightly arched Imagine the surface of the ball lying; the more the shape of the eye rim deviates from the circular shape, the more deviations of the Eye edge in the Z direction (direction perpendicular to the main plane of the Edge of the eye) (if the eye edge is bent back, this results in a wire form with heights and valleys, the latter are then in the Reversal points in the corner areas of the respective eye edge been formed).

This special three-dimensional deformation through coordinated, three-dimensional bending processes leads to another unpleasant one Effect:

It is desirable for the eyewear manufacturer for the finished eye rim or the optician, if those pointing inwards Profile surfaces of the finished edge of the eye are parallel to each other, thus the spectacle lens in the profile usually provided there can be safely used and held without the risk of Slipping out or falling out exists. Exactly this parallelism the facing inner profile surfaces of the eye edge however with the previously known methods and devices only in limited scope possible, i.e. only to one of the properties of the wire given "tolerance window", in particular the Tolerance fluctuations of the wire in the existing known Procedures with corrections are very different in time or space have a strong impact and this undesirable "roll out" effect cause.

The "roll out problem" poses only one, but essential Problem area representing the area of application of known methods especially when adapting to different wire cross-sections and wire shapes and thus also the reproducibility and therefore the reject frequency of the usually in thousands of manufactured eye rims negatively affected.

Subject of the invention

A possibility is to be created through a definable, additional influence on the bending process described above Counteract problems.

It is therefore the essential object of the invention, the known To improve methods and devices so that the area of application this process is enlarged and better reproducibility the shape of the articles produced is achieved, for example through a more reliable and precise correction of the roll-out effect.

According to the invention, this object is according to the characterizing part of claims 1 and 9 solved.

The invention has recognized that a positioning of the bending edge in a swinging or swinging way in the Meniski plain and thus the higher coordination of these two is fundamentally independent bending shapes of the wire running from each other Surprisingly, the processes mentioned at the beginning are better makes manageable; this may be mainly due to the fact that the wire after performing meniscus essentially is guided perpendicular to the bending edge, where the bend in the Main plane of the eye margin is carried out, so that sprains and Twists in the wire structure in the bending area, which are indicated by an "oblique Turn "have been caused in previous solutions, now at least largely avoided.

With the positioning of the bending edge by pivoting it Longitudinal axis from which usually perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the Wire in its feed direction is obtained Another degree of freedom or control parameters, so to speak, that for example measured deviations of the respective bend of a Wire section immediately by a predictable "counter movement" at least partially compensate for the undesirable deviation can.

In particular, it has been found that the undesirable roll-out effects become manageable in a much larger area, so that the area of application and use of the corresponding Machine also on wire shapes, wire materials and wire cross sections can be expanded using conventional methods and machines no longer reliably handle roll-out effects were retained, but other effects that led to an unreliable Formation of the edge of the eyes resulted, appeared more.

Here it is basically possible, only as a rule To position the bending shaft trained bending edge, especially However, designs in which the bending roller is also advantageous are advantageous and possibly also the Meniskier roles independently of the Positioning movement of the bending edge in turn pivotable and are displaceable, so that through a control coordination of these movements the bending processes in the desired sense can be influenced.

Brief description of the drawings:

These and other advantageous embodiments of the invention are the dependent claims.

Fig. 1

Eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante schwenkbar, Biegerolle und Meniskierrollen gemeinsam linearer Meniskierhub),

Fig. 2

eine erste Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einer Biegevorrichtung nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante und Biegerolle parallel zueinander schwenkbar, Meniskierrollen linearer Meniskierhub), Figur

Fig. 4

eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante und Biegerolle unabhängig voneinander schwenkbar, Meniskierrollen linearer Meniskierhub),

Fig. 5

eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante schwenkbar, Meniskierrollen linearer Meniskierhub),

Fig. 6

eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein fünftes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante und Biegerolle parallel zueinander schwenkbar, Meniskierrollen linearer Meniskierhub),

Fig. 7

eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein sechstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Biegevorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens (Biegekante und Biegerolle schwenkbar, Meniskierrollen linearer Meniskierhub und Verschwenkung),

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 und

Fig. 9

eine zweite Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit einer Biegevorrichtung gemäß Fign. 7 und 8.

Several exemplary embodiments are now explained in more detail with reference to drawings, in which:

Fig. 1

1 shows a schematic top view of a first exemplary embodiment of a bending device for carrying out the method (pivotable bending edge, bending roller and menisci rollers together linear menisci stroke),

Fig. 2

1 a first device for carrying out the method with a bending device according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of a bending device for performing the method (bending edge and bending roller can be pivoted parallel to each other, menisci rollers linear meniski stroke), figure

Fig. 4

2 shows a schematic plan view of a third exemplary embodiment of a bending device for carrying out the method (bending edge and bending roller can be pivoted independently of one another, menisci rollers linear menisci stroke),

Fig. 5

1 shows a schematic plan view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a bending device for carrying out the method (pivotable bending edge, menisci rollers, linear meniski stroke),

Fig. 6

1 shows a schematic plan view of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a bending device for carrying out the method (bending edge and bending roller can be pivoted parallel to one another, menisci rollers linear menisci stroke),

Fig. 7

2 shows a schematic plan view of a sixth exemplary embodiment of a bending device for carrying out the method (bending edge and bending roller can be pivoted, menisci rollers linear menisci stroke and pivoting),

Fig. 8

a perspective view of the device of FIG. 7 and

Fig. 9

a second device for performing the method with a bending device according to FIGS. 7 and 8.

Description of the embodiments

The figures show a total of six exemplary embodiments of the Realization of the teaching according to the invention, such as the bending edge and the other components can be positioned.

In a known manner, a bending profile 100, for example a wire, to form the edge of an eye Glasses, fed in an axis L in the feed direction, for what horizontal and vertical transport and guide rollers 11, 12 are provided.

For bending the bending profile 100 in a first plane of the Meniskier plane Level E10 in Figures 1.3-7 of the drawing level corresponds, serve meniskier rolls 25 in a known manner and 26, which is deflected by a meniscus stroke M in a plane MA be so that the bending profile 100 to one of the menisci rollers abuts and held by one of the transport rollers 11, 12 as a counter bearing is, so that the value of the Meniskierhubes M the measure of Meniscus defined.

One of the front transport rollers 11, 12 in the direction of the feed V. forms a Meniskierkante MK that is perpendicular to Menisci level E10 (and thus the drawing level) is. The Meniskierkante MK is in the embodiments by Shell surface of the transport roller formed in the direction of Meniscification lies, which is the counter bearing to the respectively active of the Meniski rolls 25,26 forms. In the illustrated In exemplary embodiments, this is the left in the feed direction V. lying menisci roll.

In a still conventional manner according to the prior art is then the bending profile 100 over one of the lateral surface of a Bending shaft 15 and formed with the axis of rotation BB bending edge BK guided along the underside of a bending roller 16, so that each according to the vertical position of the bending roller 16 with respect to the Drawing level of Figures 1.3 to 7 a more or less strong Bending of the bending profile 100 in the perpendicular to the plane of the drawing standing second level E20 with the flexible shaft 15 as a counter bearing is achieved. The second level E20 forms an angle of 90 ° to the Bending shaft axis BB, corresponding to the bending edge. The Vertical positioning of the bending roller 16 is carried out by one Bending roll holder 70C, which by a bending angle β (Fig. 8) is pivotable, the pivot axis AA of the Bending roll holder and the longitudinal axis BA of the bending roll 16 run parallel to each other. The menisci movement in the plain E10 and the spatial and (based on a defined point of the Bending profile 100) subsequent bending in level 20 are therefore necessarily offset.

The movement of the bending roller 16 by pivoting about the axis AA the 70C bending roller holder and the Meniskierhub M thus determine their chronological order and chronological assignment ultimately the three-dimensional shape of the bending profile 100 after this Machining process. Here these movements are on top of each other coordinated and are usually carried out under computer control, as far as possible on the mechanical properties of the Bending profile 100, its material and thus its bending behavior Consideration is given to any three-dimensional shape that to be produced from a specific bending profile 100, specific control parameters for the pivoting of the Bending roll holder 70C and Meniskierhub M are assigned.

In the case of the figures 1 and 3-7 illustrated embodiments the bending shaft 15 in the meniscus plane E10 is different Angle α is shown pivotable, in particular the in Figure 1 shown positioning is possible at which the angle σ between the menisci direction MR of the already menisci Portions of the wire 100 and the longitudinal axis BB of the bending shaft 15 Is 90 °, i.e. the bending shaft 15 is positioned so that depending on the current meniscus stroke M, the one already menisciated Section of the bending profile 100 "perpendicular" to the bending roller is performed, which corresponds below the Meniskierollen 25,26 is held pivotable by the angle α.

The bending shaft 15 is the one shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 Embodiments both around a positioning axis PP Angle α pivotally held and linearly displaceable. The Bending shaft 15 is thus below the menisci rollers 25, 26 stored that the axis BB in the The level of the meniscus stroke M comes to rest. As appropriate The linear displacement of the bending shaft 15 is the Meniskierhub M the Meniski rolls 25, 26 selected. The pivoting movement around the Angle α is superimposed on the Meniskierhub M, i.e. that in the plane MA of the meniscus stroke M perpendicular to the plane of the drawing The positioning axis PP runs with the meniscus stroke thus remains relative to the menisci rollers 25, 26 stationary. Preferably their position is in the middle of the Connection path VV between the axes of the menisci rollers 25, 26 chosen.

The particular advantage of this geometry is that the distance BMK between the positioning axis PP and the menisci edge MK at all swivel angles α can be kept constant, which is the Control simplified because then the distance between that in the area the positioning axis PP "bending point" and the Meniski edge MK also for all values of the swivel angle α the bending shaft 15 remains almost constant.

The extent of the pivoting of the bending shaft 15 can in principle be independent of the movement of the menisci rollers 25, 26, in order to be able to set values of the angle σ between the menisci direction MR and the bending shaft axis BB at least over partial sections of the bend, that of 90 ° deviate, as is the case with the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 ( σ = 90 ° ± Δσ , with Δσ = correction angle). This can be expedient in order to have an additional influence on the bending behavior of the bending profile 100, that is to say, for example, to have a possibility of correction in order to be able to minimize deviations of the three-dimensional final shape from a desired value.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG Bending roller 16 only the pivoting described above about the Bending angle β around the axis AA, which is the degree of bending in the Level E20 determines, as well as the shift corresponding to that Meniskierhub M.

FIG. 2 shows a first device for implementing the method according to the basic illustration in FIG. 1:
The transport rollers 11, 12, from which the bending profile 100 is fed in the feed direction V, serve as a fixed reference point. A first holding block 41 sits on a turntable 40, the upper end of which is formed by a bearing plate 42. At one of the edges of this bearing plate 42, the flexible shaft 15 is held so that its axis BB runs through the axis of rotation D of the turntable 40. The rotation of the turntable 40 consequently produces the pivoting of the bending edge shown in the figures by the pivoting angle α.

The axis of rotation D of the turntable is consequently identical to that positioning axis PP shown in the other figures.

The turntable 40 in turn is mounted on a slide 43, whose first section 43A is parallel to the meniscus plane E10, so that the pivoting of the turntable 40 of the Meniskierhub M generating displacement of the carriage 43 is superimposed.

On the first section 43A of the carriage 43 is outside the Turntable 40 a second holding block 44 placed on the Includes a Meniski roll and bending roll holder 45 is used. It is thereby achieved that the bending roller 16 of the Meniskierhub M of the carriage 43 is superimposed, and the bending roller 16 the bend can execute the bending angle β.

In the second embodiment according to Figure 3 for performing the inventive method, not only the bending shaft 15, but also the bending roller 16 parallel to Menisci level E10 pivoted, with the axes BB, BA of the two Shafts 15 and 16 are kept parallel because the pivoting of the two shafts 15, 16 takes place by a common swivel angle α. In this case, both axes form BA, BB with the second Bending plane E20 the angle σ> 90 °. This will in particular achieved that the bending profile 100 so on the surface of the Bending roll 16 is performed that a desired one Bending effect or torsion effect is exerted, as indicated above has been.

The basic design of the third exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment, with the difference that the bending shaft 15 and the bending roller 16 are still pivoted about the common positioning axis PP, but by different pivoting angles α1 or α2 and σ <90 ° is. The former means that the corresponding axes BA, BB no longer run parallel to one another, but rather a generally variable acute angle γ = α2 - α1 include with each other.

This configuration is particularly advantageous if due to the space available in the bending area or menisci area increasing pivot angle α1 of the bending shaft 15 from the bending roller 16 can no longer be followed, i.e. α2 remain smaller than α1 got to. With a predetermined maximum swivel angle α2 of the bending roller 16, as in fig. 3 and 4, this solution enables one further pivoting range of the flexible shaft 15, which the possibilities of Influence on the bending of the wire 100 is increased.

The integration of the second and third embodiments in the The device shown in Fig. 2 only requires that a separate bending roll holder, for example by means of a Rotary segment in axis D (Fig. 2) on the carriage 43 in the first Section 43A is mounted and pivotable through the angle α2, the of an additional drive regardless of the meniscus stroke M and Rotation of the turntable by the angle α1 can be operated. The menisci roll holder 45 therefore remains attached to the block 44.

The fourth exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 corresponds to the Invention essentially the first shown in Fig. 1 Embodiment, with the difference that the bending roller 16 here to the extent that it is only stationary for bending purposes executes the required pivoting about the bending angle β.

The fifth exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6 corresponds to FIG essentially the second embodiment shown in Fig. 3 with the difference that the pivoting about the bending angle β an additional pivoting of the bending roller 16 to the Swivel angle α is superimposed in the Meniski plane E10.

In the sixth embodiment for implementing the invention Finally, the method shown in Figures 7 and 8 are also the menisci rollers 25, 26 of the pivoting movement by the angle α connected, which takes place around the positioning axis PP. The Meniskierollen 25, 26 thus perform this pivoting movement around the Angle α in addition to the linear Meniskierhub M.

In the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 5, 6, 7, the meniscus stroke M not overlaid with other components, but exclusively performed by the menisci rolls 25, 26. Therefore, the remains here Positioning axis PP stationary.

FIG. 8 shows the exemplary embodiment in accordance with the supervision of FIG. 7 again in a schematic perspective representation, wherein the bending profile 100 only up to the front guide rollers 11.12 is guided, and serves again for the basic Explanation and illustration of the bending processes and the assigned levels:

The second bending plane E20 runs in the axis of the meniscus, front section of the bending profile 100, the angle σ with the Axes BA and BB forms. At this level E20 is the main bend carried out when the final shape of the bend profile the eye edge of a Glasses should result.

The Meniski level E10 is perpendicular to the drawing level, in which the Meniskierhub M takes place, through which at said Final shape of the bending profile as the edge of the eye the additional turn takes place, which essentially match the shape of the to be used Spectacle lenses are adapted and their size is significantly different from that Shape of these lenses depends.

FIG. 9 shows a second device in detail, the to implement the method according to the schematic diagram of the Figures 7 and 8 can be provided, in which a pivoting should take place, but the Meniskierhub M only from the Meniski rolls 25, 26 is carried out:

A positioning block is used to generate the pivoting by the angle α 50 provided in the in a stationary bearing block 51 an arcuate groove 51A as a receptacle for a carriage 52 is provided, which consists of an arcuate in the receptacle 51A held insert 52A and a receiving part 52B attached thereto consists. The receiving part 52B is thus at the desired angle pivotable and serves to accommodate bending shaft 15, bending roller 16 and menisci rolls 25 and 26:

First, there is a menisci block 60 with a on the receiving part 52B Holding block 60A and a linear guide 60B provided, the latter serves to generate the Meniskierhubes M.

The receiving part 52B also carries a bracket 70, the one Menisci roll holder 70A, a bending shaft holder 70B and the Bending roll holder 70C already mentioned above. The components the bracket 70 thus provide the connection of both the bending shaft 15 and the menisci rollers 25, 26 with the menisci block 60.

The assignment of these components thus causes all functional units (Bending roller, bending shaft and here also the meniski rollers) follow the pivoting by the angle α, so that the positioning the bending roller 16 from the pivot angle α and from Bending angle β is determined.

Claims (19)

Method for bending a bending profile, in particular wire, to a predetermined, three-dimensional shape with the help of spatially and functionally assigned components for bending the wire, such as rollers or shafts, whereby menisci rollers perform a first bending (menisci) of the wire around a menisci edge in one perform first bend plane and a spaced for Meniskierkante, subsequent bending roller a second bend of the wire by a bending edge orthogonal in the first bending plane, the second plane is carried out, characterized in that at least the bending edge in the Meniskierebene (E10) of the bending section (100) continuously so is positioned so that the meniscus direction (MR) of the already meniscus section of the bending profile (100) forms a predeterminable, constant or variable angle (σ) with the bending edge over the length (L) of the bending profile (100). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (σ) at least over sections of the bend in one area of 90 ° ± Δσ, with the correction angle (Δσ) a Twisting of the wire (100) is affected. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Bending edge is linearly displaceable. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Bending edge by swiveling movement by a first swivel angle (α, α1) positioned around a positioning axis (PP) becomes. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bending roller (16) also in the menisci level (E10) or one of them parallel plane is continuously positionable. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the bending roller (16) is linearly displaceable. A method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the Bending roller (16) by a second swivel angle (α2) in the Menisci level rotatable about the same positioning axis (PP) is positioned. The method of claim 1, wherein the meniscus of the wire in the Menisci level by shifting a pair of Meniskier roles (25, 26) takes place, the wire between them include, characterized in that the displacement is linear as Meniskierhub. Method according to claims 3, 6 and 8, characterized in that that the linear displacement of the bending edge and bending roller (16) formed by the meniscus stroke of the menisci rollers (25, 26) becomes. Method according to claim 4, 7 and 9, characterized in that the swivels by the swivel angle (α1, α2) Meniskierhub (M) are superimposed, and that the bending edge relative to the menisci rollers (25, 26) is arranged so that the positioning axis (PP) for the meniscus stroke (M) in the middle the connecting line (VV) of the two menisci rollers (25, 26) remains. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the axes (BB) of the bending edge are held parallel to the axis (BA) of the bending roller (16) ( α1 = α2 = α ). A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the Meniskierhub (M) of the menisci rollers (25, 26) a pivoting movement is superimposed. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the Meniskierhub (M) parallel to the stationary bending roller (16) takes place. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bending edge, the bending roller (16) and the Meniski rollers (25, 26) part of a structural unit are around a common positioning axis (PP) within of the pivot angle (α) is pivotally mounted. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 13, characterized in that the structural unit comprises a carriage (43) to generate the Meniskierhubes (M) on which the Bending edge and the bending roller (16) via pivot bearing orthogonal axes of rotation (D, S) are kept, the vertical Rotation axis (D) the positioning axis (PP) and the horizontal one The axis of rotation (S) forms the swivel axis (AA) of the bending roller (16). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the Unit a positioning block (50) for movement within the swivel angle (α), which consists of a Bearing block (51) and a slide guided in an arc therein (52A) is formed with a receiving part (52B) on which the Bending shaft (15), the bending roller (16) and the menisci rollers (25, 26) are kept. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that on Receiving part (52B), a Meniskierblock (60) with a holding block (60A) and a linear guide (60B) for generating the menisci hubs (M) is held. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that on Receiving part (52B) a bracket (70) is attached, the one Meniski roller holder (70A), a flexible shaft holder (70B) and a bending roll holder (70C). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the Bending roll holder (70C) for creating the bend in the second bending plane (E20) by a bending angle (β) by one first bending axis (AA) pivotable on the menisci block (60) is held, and the bending roller (16) around a second bending axis (BA) is rotatably held on the bending roll holder (70C), these two axes (AA, AB) arranged parallel to each other are.

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