EP0957697A1 - Method for manufacturing personalised helmets - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing personalised helmets

Info

Publication number
EP0957697A1
EP0957697A1 EP97920788A EP97920788A EP0957697A1 EP 0957697 A1 EP0957697 A1 EP 0957697A1 EP 97920788 A EP97920788 A EP 97920788A EP 97920788 A EP97920788 A EP 97920788A EP 0957697 A1 EP0957697 A1 EP 0957697A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wearer
head
helmet
cap
eyes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97920788A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0957697B1 (en
Inventor
Pascal Thomson-CSF S.C.P.I. BEAUDOIN
Jo[l Thomson-CSF S.C.P.I. BAUDOU
Alexandre Thomson-CSF S.C.P.I. BATAILLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Avionics SAS
Original Assignee
Thales Avionics SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales Avionics SAS filed Critical Thales Avionics SAS
Publication of EP0957697A1 publication Critical patent/EP0957697A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0957697B1 publication Critical patent/EP0957697B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A42—HEADWEAR
    • A42C—MANUFACTURING OR TRIMMING HEAD COVERINGS, e.g. HATS
    • A42C2/00—Manufacturing helmets by processes not otherwise provided for
    • A42C2/007—Manufacturing custom-sized helmets

Definitions

  • the present invention applies to the manufacture of any helmet that must be precisely positioned on the wearer's head
  • Helmets with a viewfinder are essentially used by the military for infantrymen or pilots of airplanes and helicopters
  • helmets include on the one hand the helmet proper intended for the passive protection of the wearer of the helmet and on the other hand a visual integrated into this helmet and intended for the presentation of information to the eyes of said wearer
  • the wearer designates the person for whom the helmet is made, even if, in certain phases of the described production, this person is bareheaded
  • the helmet consists of a rigid protective shell resistant to puncture and a thick inner shell, more flexible, for comfort and protection against shocks II usually includes an audio communication system, possibly a respiratory system , and moreover supports the visual if it is a helmet with integrated visual
  • the visual is an optical display device which presents a video image of external reality or a synthetic image on a "combiner", that is to say on a semi-reflecting screen which allows simultaneous vision of the real world and of the image presented
  • the image is produced by an image generator, for example a cathode ray tube, a liquid crystal screen or a matrix of light-emitting diodes
  • a relay optics placed between the image generator and the combiner ensures collimation of the image to transform it into a virtual image
  • the "combiner" is produced by the visor of the helmet itself
  • FIG. 1 represents such a helmet, with its rigid shell 10, its internal shockproof cap 12
  • the display 14 comprises an imager (HERE a cathode ray tube for projection) 16, a projection visor 18 constituting the "combiner" mentioned above, and between the imager and the visor, the relay optics 20
  • a correct vision of the image by the wearer of the helmet is only ensured if the eye is placed at a very precise position relative to the optical paths defined by the visual, therefore at a very precise position by in relation to all the elements making up the visual, elements which themselves must be positioned very precisely with respect to each other.
  • the difficulty lies in this rigorous positioning of the visual relative to the eye of the helmet wearer.
  • the relative positioning tolerance is for example 1 millimeter and 1 degree between the optical system, the optical paths which it defines, and the eye of the wearer.
  • FIG. 2 represents such a helmet with adjustment means 22 with four degrees of freedom according to three translations and a rotation in elevation.
  • Another solution is to postpone the adjustment of the helmet to its internal cap.
  • the visual is then rigidly fixed to the shell and a personalized internal cap jointly adapts the helmet to the morphology of the wearer and the correct positioning of the visual relative to the wearer's eye.
  • the helmet is then completely adapted to the morphology of the wearer and the visual is correctly placed for this wearer only.
  • the difficulty lies in the production of this personalized internal cap, this production having to result in the visual being always correctly placed, without an accessory mechanical adjustment system.
  • This personalization can be done in practice by making a personalized lining that the wearer has inside a standard helmet. The filling can be produced,.
  • the thrust and the exothermic chemical reaction of the injected foam depend on its density, that is to say on the ratio between the quantity of material injected and the actual volume comprised between the head and the internal shape of the shockproof cap. , this volume being very difficult to measure in practice. This also leads to uncertainty about the final positioning accuracy obtained.
  • the invention aims to produce a personalized helmet in a simpler manner and avoiding as much as possible the drawbacks of the methods of the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a helmet comprising a personalized internal cap ensuring the positioning of the helmet on the wearer's head, characterized by a prior reading of the shape of the wearer's head by a measurement device without contact, which prior reading is followed by an implementation of said cap from this reading.
  • the preliminary reading is preferably done by an optical measurement process, in particular by a laser beam scanner which rotates around the head of the user by recording the distances between this scanner and points of the head to obtain in the form of data. digital head shape.
  • - Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the helmet of the prior art
  • - Figure 3 shows a helmet with a personalized lining in use
  • - Figure 4 shows a device for reading the shape of the head providing a digital reading by rotation of a measuring device around the head;
  • - Figure 5 shows a custom trim mold with its standard parts and its custom internal mold.
  • a personalized lining is made to be inserted between the head and the standard (non-personalized) shockproof cap of the helmet. But we will understand that we could also directly make a personalized shockproof cap.
  • FIG. 3 represents a helmet on the head of its wearer 36 with its shell 30 and its standard internal cap 31, in which is placed, using positioning pins 32 and 33, a lining composed of a foam 34 with flocking 35 on the side of the wearer's head.
  • FIG. 4 represents the preferred implementation of the invention.
  • the statement of the shape of the head of the wearer is a contactless digital reading, such as for example, a two-dimensional digital reading obtained by a 3D scanner digitizing profiles formed by a plane laser beam.
  • Such a survey of the shape of a head can consist of a digitization of meridians illuminated by the laser and captured by a camera in a rotary scanning head 52 rotating around a vertical axis 53 of a fixed platform 55 .
  • the wearer for example wears a thin elastic cap intended to press the hair on the skull as the helmet would do and having a color and a surface condition suitable for the scanner.
  • the carrier is then placed in an armchair, the back of which is tilted in a manner representative of the seat of the aircraft.
  • the wearer places himself in a natural head posture by fixing his gaze horizontally by looking at his image in the semi-reflecting mirror 54 placed in front of him.
  • the stationary position of the head is maintained by a bite plate, a chin rest or an ergonomic neck brace adjustable according to the six degrees of freedom and connected to the chair.
  • the chair is movable relative to the fixed platform 55, it is moved in the horizontal plane so as to match the top of the subject's skull with the axis of mechanical rotation 53 of the scanner, then adjusted in height in order to optimize the shape and reduce the gray areas.
  • the complete scanning of the head can be carried out in one revolution of the scanner in 15 seconds.
  • the average resolution of this scanning is close to 0.5 millimeter and the precision of the order of 0.1 millimeter.
  • the session ends with the measurements of the spatial coordinates of the eyes and possible anatomical points, by aiming at different glasses.
  • the device of FIG. 5 measures the position of the center of each eye of the wearer relative to the fixed platform 55
  • Each of the three riflescopes 56, 57 and 58 is placed on a linear ruler with digital coding, respectively 59, 60 and 61, these rulers make it possible to measure two coordinates of a point of the wearer to be digitized
  • the system of digital rulers and glasses is previously harmonized in position with the scan mark of the scanner using a calibration piece.
  • the wearer maintains his gaze using the semi-reflecting mirror 54 placed in front of him
  • a telescope 56 is arranged in front of the wearer's face and allows an operator to read the coordinates of the wearer's eyes in height and in width by adjusting the position of this telescope.
  • the other two glasses 57 and 58, orthogonal to the telescope 56, are placed on either side of the wearer so that the operator measures the depth dimension on the one hand with the left eye by adjusting the position of the telescope of sight 57, and on the other hand of the right eye by adjustment of the telescope 58
  • Digitization of the wearer's head is then used to make the custom trim defined above, as well as internal elements of the helmet such as the position of the headphones
  • This digitization can be used by a digital age machine to make an internal mold for the lining.
  • a standard base 63 in which a personalized internal mold 64 is inserted, and on the other hand a standard external mold 65, corresponding to the interior shape of the helmet's standard shockproof cap.
  • the internal mold has a standard internal face 67 making it possible to position it precisely with respect to the base 63 and a personalized external face 66 representing the shape of the wearer's head.
  • the external mold 65 fits on the base so as to obtain a space corresponding to the lining between the external mold 65 and the internal mold 64.
  • the lining is thus produced by injection through the orifice 68 when the two molds 65 and 64 are blocked on the base 63. Centering pins are formed on the lining during this molding operation by filling the cavities 69 and 70.
  • the filling can also be produced from a block of foam, by machining using a digital machine using the above digitization, then dressing with a term of comfort and finish. After manufacture, the personalized trim is placed in a standard helmet.
  • Such a helmet manufacturing method allows the realization of a helmet with integrated visual adapted to the wearer without adding a mechanical device for adjusting the visual. It makes it possible to separate in time and in space the two main stages of embodiments consisting on the one hand of the statement of shape of the head and on the other hand of the realization of the personalized lining.
  • the shape record described in the preferred implementation of the invention is clean and not very restrictive for the wearer since there is no thrust exerted on the head, as in the production of lining by direct molding on the head even for the wearer, immobilization is ensured painlessly by a simple bite board without taking a dental impression.
  • the necessary statement of head shape is more exactly limited to the statement of the part of the head which is used to define the personalized trim.
  • the first stage requires the wearer's presence limited to a few tens of minutes and, for more comfort, a head shape measurement device can be installed, for example, in a truck for allow to carry out the measurements in the workplace of helmet wearers.
  • the second step is carried out without the wearer, for example in the factory because the adjustment of the helmet on the wearer's head is defined in the first step.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the fact that the prior shape survey makes it possible to determine in advance the quantity of material to be injected to produce the personalized cap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the manufacture of helmets for aircraft, tank, helicopter pilots etc... and more particularly those comprising a display unit to be very precisely positioned relative to the eyes. The helmet is personalised for one person by an internal personalised cap (34) adapted to the head shape of the person (36). This cap is manufactured by means of a prior reading of the head shape of the user by a contactless measuring device, followed by the manufacture of the cap from this reading. The reading is preferably digitally effected by means of a 3D scanner. This method is much less constraining for the pilot than a direct moulding of the cap on the head.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE CASQUE PERSONNALISE PERSONALIZED HELMET MANUFACTURING PROCESS
La présente invention s'applique à la fabrication de tout casque devant être positionné avec précision sur la tête de son porteur Les casques avec viseur sont essentiellement utilisés par les forces militaires pour les fantassins ou les pilotes d'avions et d'hélicoptères Ces casques comprennent d'une part le casque proprement dit destiné à la protection passive du porteur du casque et d'autre part un visuel intégré à ce casque et destiné à la présentation d'informations aux yeux du dit porteur Dans la suite du texte, le porteur désigne la personne pour laquelle le casque est réalisé, même si, dans certaines phases de la réalisation décrite, cette personne est nu-têteThe present invention applies to the manufacture of any helmet that must be precisely positioned on the wearer's head Helmets with a viewfinder are essentially used by the military for infantrymen or pilots of airplanes and helicopters These helmets include on the one hand the helmet proper intended for the passive protection of the wearer of the helmet and on the other hand a visual integrated into this helmet and intended for the presentation of information to the eyes of said wearer In the following text, the wearer designates the person for whom the helmet is made, even if, in certain phases of the described production, this person is bareheaded
Le casque est constitué d'une coque de protection rigide résistant à la perforation et d'une calotte interne épaisse, plus souple, pour le confort et la protection contre les chocs II comporte le plus souvent un système de communication audio, éventuellement un système respiratoire, et de plus supporte le visuel s'il s'agit d'un casque avec visuel intégréThe helmet consists of a rigid protective shell resistant to puncture and a thick inner shell, more flexible, for comfort and protection against shocks II usually includes an audio communication system, possibly a respiratory system , and moreover supports the visual if it is a helmet with integrated visual
Le visuel est un dispositif optique d'affichage qui présente une image vidéo de la réalité extérieure ou une image synthétique sur un "combineur", c'est-à-dire sur un écran semi-réfléchissant qui autorise la vision simultanée du monde réel et de l'image présentée L'image est produite par un générateur d'image, par exemple un tube cathodique, un écran à cristaux liquides ou une matrice de diodes électroluminescentes Une optique relais placée entre le générateur d'image et le combineur assure la collimation de l'image pour la transformer en image virtuelle Dans certaines réalisations, le "combineur" est réalisé par la visière du casque elle-mêmeThe visual is an optical display device which presents a video image of external reality or a synthetic image on a "combiner", that is to say on a semi-reflecting screen which allows simultaneous vision of the real world and of the image presented The image is produced by an image generator, for example a cathode ray tube, a liquid crystal screen or a matrix of light-emitting diodes A relay optics placed between the image generator and the combiner ensures collimation of the image to transform it into a virtual image In certain embodiments, the "combiner" is produced by the visor of the helmet itself
La figure 1 représente un tel casque, avec sa coque rigide 10, sa calotte interne antichoc 12 Le visuel 14 comprend un imageur (ICI un tube cathodique de projection) 16, une visière de projection 18 constituant le "combineur" mentionné ci-dessus, et entre l'imageur et la visière, l'optique- relais 20FIG. 1 represents such a helmet, with its rigid shell 10, its internal shockproof cap 12 The display 14 comprises an imager (HERE a cathode ray tube for projection) 16, a projection visor 18 constituting the "combiner" mentioned above, and between the imager and the visor, the relay optics 20
Une vision correcte de l'image par le porteur du casque n'est assurée que si l'oeil est placé à une position très précise par rapport aux trajets optiques définis par le visuel, donc a une position très précise par rapport à l'ensemble des éléments composant le visuel, éléments qui eux- mêmes doivent être positionnés très précisément les uns par rapport aux autres.A correct vision of the image by the wearer of the helmet is only ensured if the eye is placed at a very precise position relative to the optical paths defined by the visual, therefore at a very precise position by in relation to all the elements making up the visual, elements which themselves must be positioned very precisely with respect to each other.
La difficulté réside dans ce positionnement rigoureux du visuel par rapport à l'oeil du porteur du casque.The difficulty lies in this rigorous positioning of the visual relative to the eye of the helmet wearer.
La tolérance de positionnement relatif est par exemple de 1 millimètre et de 1 degré entre le système optique, les trajets optiques qu'il définit, et l'oeil du porteur.The relative positioning tolerance is for example 1 millimeter and 1 degree between the optical system, the optical paths which it defines, and the eye of the wearer.
Une solution simple consiste à réaliser un casque avec un visuel réglable mécaniquement par rapport à la coque de manière à ajuster la position du visuel à celle de l'oeil du porteur. La figure 2 représente un tel casque avec des moyens de réglage 22 à quatre degrés de liberté selon trois translations et une rotation en site.A simple solution consists in making a helmet with a mechanically adjustable display relative to the shell so as to adjust the position of the display to that of the wearer's eye. FIG. 2 represents such a helmet with adjustment means 22 with four degrees of freedom according to three translations and a rotation in elevation.
Cependant un tel dispositif de réglage est complexe, il augmente la masse et l'encombrement de l'équipement de tête, il induit une fragilité en utilisation et une perte des caractéristiques et de fiabilité dans le temps. De plus, si le porteur du casque fait les réglages lui-même, il peut les faire de manière erronée.However, such an adjustment device is complex, it increases the mass and size of the head equipment, it induces fragility in use and a loss of characteristics and reliability over time. In addition, if the helmet wearer makes the settings himself, he may make them incorrectly.
Une autre solution consiste à reporter l'ajustement du casque au niveau de sa calotte interne.Another solution is to postpone the adjustment of the helmet to its internal cap.
Le visuel est alors fixé rigidement à la coque et une calotte interne personnalisée réalise conjointement l'adaptation du casque à la morphologie du porteur et le positionnement correct du visuel par rapport à l'oeil du porteur. Le casque est alors adapté complètement à la morphologie du porteur et le visuel est correctement placé pour ce porteur uniquement. La difficulté réside dans la réalisation de cette calotte interne personnalisée, cette réalisation devant aboutir à ce que le visuel soit toujours correctement placé, sans système de réglage mécanique accessoire. Cette personnalisation peut se faire en pratique en réalisant une garniture personnalisée que le porteur ace à l'intérieur d'un casque standard. La garniture peut être réalisée ,. ' moulage direct, sur la tête du porteur en injectant une mousse de polyuréthane entre la tête du porteur et une forme qui est la forme intérieure de la calotte antichoc du casque, tout en maintenant la tête et la dite forme en position relative exacte telle que le visuel soit correctement placé par rapport aux yeux du porteur. Après polymérisation de la mousse et démoulage, on obtient une garniture personnalisée qui sera placée à l'intérieur du casque.The visual is then rigidly fixed to the shell and a personalized internal cap jointly adapts the helmet to the morphology of the wearer and the correct positioning of the visual relative to the wearer's eye. The helmet is then completely adapted to the morphology of the wearer and the visual is correctly placed for this wearer only. The difficulty lies in the production of this personalized internal cap, this production having to result in the visual being always correctly placed, without an accessory mechanical adjustment system. This personalization can be done in practice by making a personalized lining that the wearer has inside a standard helmet. The filling can be produced,. '' direct molding, on the wearer's head by injecting a polyurethane foam between the wearer's head and a shape which is the inside shape of the helmet's shockproof cap, while maintaining the head and said shape in exact relative position such as the is correctly positioned in relation to the wearer's eyes. After polymerization of the foam and demolding, we obtain a personalized lining which will be placed inside the helmet.
Mais ce procédé est délicat à mettre en oeuvre à cause de la poussée provoquée, sur la tête du porteur, par l'expansion de la mousse notamment. Cette poussée entraîne des déplacements trop importants (de l'ordre de 5 millimètres alors que la tolérance est fixée à +/- 1 millimètre) entre les yeux et le visuel. On peut difficilement compenser ce défaut par un décalage préalable, car le décalage dépend en fait de la morphologie et la musculation propre à chaque porteur.However, this process is difficult to implement because of the thrust caused, on the wearer's head, by the expansion of the foam in particular. This push leads to too large displacements (of the order of 5 millimeters while the tolerance is fixed at +/- 1 millimeter) between the eyes and the visual. We can hardly compensate for this defect by a prior shift, because the shift depends in fact on the morphology and bodybuilding specific to each wearer.
Par ailleurs, la poussée et la réaction chimique exothermique de la mousse injectée dépendent de sa densité, c'est-à-dire du rapport entre la quantité de matière injectée et le volume réel compris entre la tête et la forme intérieure de la calotte antichoc, ce volume étant très difficile à mesurer dans la pratique. Ceci conduit aussi à une incertitude sur la précision finale de positionnement obtenue.Furthermore, the thrust and the exothermic chemical reaction of the injected foam depend on its density, that is to say on the ratio between the quantity of material injected and the actual volume comprised between the head and the internal shape of the shockproof cap. , this volume being very difficult to measure in practice. This also leads to uncertainty about the final positioning accuracy obtained.
D'autres inconvénients de ce procédé existent également :Other disadvantages of this process also exist:
- douleurs pendant l'opération du fait des systèmes d'immobilisation utilisés (l'utilisateur doit mordre une planche de positionnement pour maintenir sa tête en place), maux de tête éventuels dus au produit utilisé et à la réaction exothermique,- pain during the operation due to the immobilization systems used (the user must bite a positioning board to keep his head in place), possible headaches due to the product used and to the exothermic reaction,
- impossibilité de réalisation si la morphologie de l'utilisateur sort d'une gamme de morphologies prédéfinies, ou bien nécessité d'augmenter systématiquement la quantité de mousse à injecter et le volume global du casque pour tenir compte de morphologies plus variées,- impossibility of realization if the morphology of the user leaves a range of predefined morphologies, or else need to systematically increase the amount of foam to be injected and the overall volume of the helmet to take into account more varied morphologies,
- encombrement important de l'installation, nécessité de deux ou trois opérateurs expérimentés, et durée importante (plusieurs heures) de l'opération.- significant size of the installation, need for two or three experienced operators, and significant duration (several hours) of the operation.
L'invention vise à produire un casque personnalisé d'une manière plus simple et en évitant autant que possible les inconvénients des procédés de la technique antérieure.The invention aims to produce a personalized helmet in a simpler manner and avoiding as much as possible the drawbacks of the methods of the prior art.
Pour cela, l'invention propose un procédé de fabrication d'un casque comprenant une calotte interne personnalisée assurant le positionnement du casque sur la tête du porteur caractérisé par un relevé préalable de la forme de la tête du porteur par un dispositif de mesure sans contact, lequel relevé préalable est suivi d'une réalisation de la dite calotte à partir de ce relevé.For this, the invention provides a method of manufacturing a helmet comprising a personalized internal cap ensuring the positioning of the helmet on the wearer's head, characterized by a prior reading of the shape of the wearer's head by a measurement device without contact, which prior reading is followed by an implementation of said cap from this reading.
La présence du porteur n'est alors nécessaire que pour le relevé préalable; elle n'est pas nécessaire pour la réalisation de la calotte interne. Les contraintes pour le porteur sont beaucoup moins fortes et les problèmes rencontrés du fait de l'injection directe de mousse sur la tête du porteur disparaissent.The presence of the bearer is then only necessary for the prior statement; it is not necessary for the realization of the internal cap. The constraints for the wearer are much less and the problems encountered due to the direct injection of foam on the wearer's head disappear.
Le relevé préalable se fait de préférence par un procédé de mesure optique, notamment par un scanner à rayon laser qui tourne autour de la tête de l'utilisateur en relevant les distances entre ce scanner et des points de la tête pour obtenir sous forme de données numériques la forme de la tête.The preliminary reading is preferably done by an optical measurement process, in particular by a laser beam scanner which rotates around the head of the user by recording the distances between this scanner and points of the head to obtain in the form of data. digital head shape.
Etant donné que la position des yeux de l'utilisateur est très importante, un tel relevé est de préférence complété par une mesure précise de la position des yeux du porteur afin de constituer le relevé de forme numérisé. Cette mesure de position des yeux se fait de préférence par des moyens optiques.Since the position of the eyes of the user is very important, such a statement is preferably supplemented by a precise measurement of the position of the eyes of the wearer in order to constitute the statement of digitized form. This eye position measurement is preferably done by optical means.
A partir du relevé de forme, on peut usiner ou définir par moulage la surface intérieure de la calotte interne du casque pour réaliser la personnalisation, c'est-à-dire qu'on usine ou on moule soit la calotte interne elle-même soit une garniture personnalisée qui s'insère dans une calotte interne standard pour la compléter.From the shape report, we can machine or define by molding the inner surface of the inner shell of the helmet to achieve personalization, that is to say that we machine or mold either the inner shell itself or a personalized lining that fits into a standard internal cap to complete it.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit et qui est faite en référence aux figures suivantes dans lesquelles :The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows and which is made with reference to the following figures in which:
- la figure 1 , déjà décrite, est un schéma général de casque de pilote avec viseur;- Figure 1, already described, is a general diagram of pilot helmet with sight;
- la figure 2, également déjà décrite, représente une réalisation de casque de la technique antérieure; - la figure 3, également déjà décrite, représente un casque avec une garniture personnalisée en situation d'utilisation ;- Figure 2, also already described, shows an embodiment of the helmet of the prior art; - Figure 3, also already described, shows a helmet with a personalized lining in use;
- la figure 4, représente un dispositif de relevé de la forme de la tête fournissant un relevé numérique par rotation d'un appareil de mesure autour de la tête; - la figure 5, représente un moule de garniture personnalisée avec ses parties standard et son moule interne personnalisé.- Figure 4 shows a device for reading the shape of the head providing a digital reading by rotation of a measuring device around the head; - Figure 5 shows a custom trim mold with its standard parts and its custom internal mold.
La mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention va maintenant être décπte. Dans cette mise en oeuvre, on réalise une garniture personnalisée à insérer entre la tête et la calotte antichoc standard (non personnalisée) du casque. Mais on comprendra qu'on pourrait aussi réaliser directement une calotte antichoc personnalisée.The preferred implementation of the invention will now be determined. In this implementation, a personalized lining is made to be inserted between the head and the standard (non-personalized) shockproof cap of the helmet. But we will understand that we could also directly make a personalized shockproof cap.
La figure 3 représente un casque sur la tête de son porteur 36 avec sa coque 30 et sa calotte interne standard 31 , dans laquelle est placée, à l'aide de pions de positionnement 32 et 33, une garniture composée d'une mousse 34 avec flocage 35 du côté de la tête du porteur.FIG. 3 represents a helmet on the head of its wearer 36 with its shell 30 and its standard internal cap 31, in which is placed, using positioning pins 32 and 33, a lining composed of a foam 34 with flocking 35 on the side of the wearer's head.
Avec un tel casque, la personnalisation est limitée à celle de la garniture.With such a helmet, personalization is limited to that of the lining.
La figure 4 représente la mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention.FIG. 4 represents the preferred implementation of the invention.
Dans cette mise en oeuvre, le relevé de la forme de la tête du porteur est un relevé numérique sans contact, comme par exemple, un relevé numérique bidimensionnel obtenu par un scanner 3D numérisant des profils formés par un faisceau laser plan.In this implementation, the statement of the shape of the head of the wearer is a contactless digital reading, such as for example, a two-dimensional digital reading obtained by a 3D scanner digitizing profiles formed by a plane laser beam.
Un tel relevé de la forme d'une tête peut consister en une numérisation de méridiens illuminés par le laser et captés par une caméra dans une tête rotative de numérisation 52 en rotation autour d'un axe vertical 53 d'une plate-forme fixe 55.Such a survey of the shape of a head can consist of a digitization of meridians illuminated by the laser and captured by a camera in a rotary scanning head 52 rotating around a vertical axis 53 of a fixed platform 55 .
Pour faciliter la numérisation de la forme de la tête par un tel scanner, le porteur porte par exemple un bonnet élastique mince destiné à plaquer les cheveux sur le crâne comme le ferait le casque et présentant une couleur et un état de surface adaptés au scanner.To facilitate digitization of the shape of the head by such a scanner, the wearer for example wears a thin elastic cap intended to press the hair on the skull as the helmet would do and having a color and a surface condition suitable for the scanner.
Le porteur est ensuite placé dans un fauteuil dont le dossier est incliné de manière représentative du siège de l'avion. Le porteur se place dans une posture naturelle de tête en fixant sont regard à l'horizontale en regardant son image dans le miroir semi-réfléchissant 54 disposé devant lui. La position immobile de la tête est maintenue par une plaque à mordre, un appui mentonnier ou une minerve ergonomique réglable suivant les six degrés de liberté et relié au fauteuil.The carrier is then placed in an armchair, the back of which is tilted in a manner representative of the seat of the aircraft. The wearer places himself in a natural head posture by fixing his gaze horizontally by looking at his image in the semi-reflecting mirror 54 placed in front of him. The stationary position of the head is maintained by a bite plate, a chin rest or an ergonomic neck brace adjustable according to the six degrees of freedom and connected to the chair.
Le fauteuil est mobile par rapport à la plate-forme fixe 55, il est déplacé dans le plan horizontal de façon à faire correspondre le sommet du crâne du sujet avec l'axe de rotation mécanique 53 du scanner, puis ajusté en hauteur afin d'optimiser le relevé de forme et de réduire les zones d'ombre.The chair is movable relative to the fixed platform 55, it is moved in the horizontal plane so as to match the top of the subject's skull with the axis of mechanical rotation 53 of the scanner, then adjusted in height in order to optimize the shape and reduce the gray areas.
La numérisation complète de la tête peut être réalisée en une révolution du scanner en 15 secondes La résolution moyenne de cette numérisation est voisine de 0,5 millimètre et la précision de l'ordre de 0,1 millimètre.The complete scanning of the head can be carried out in one revolution of the scanner in 15 seconds. The average resolution of this scanning is close to 0.5 millimeter and the precision of the order of 0.1 millimeter.
La séance se termine par les mesures des coordonnées spatiales des yeux et de points anatomiques éventuels, par des visées de différentes lunettes. Pour permettre un positionnement rigoureux du visuel du casque par rapport à l'oeil du porteur, le dispositif de la figure 5 mesure la position du centre de chaque oeil du porteur par rapport à la plate-forme fixe 55The session ends with the measurements of the spatial coordinates of the eyes and possible anatomical points, by aiming at different glasses. To allow a rigorous positioning of the helmet visual relative to the eye of the wearer, the device of FIG. 5 measures the position of the center of each eye of the wearer relative to the fixed platform 55
Chacune des trois lunettes de visée 56, 57 et 58 est placée sur une règle linéaire à codage numérique, respectivement 59, 60 et 61 , ces règles permettent de mesurer deux coordonnées d'un point du porteur à numériser Le système de règles numériques et de lunettes est au préalable harmonisé en position avec le repère de numérisation du scanner à l'aide d'une pièce d'étalonnage.Each of the three riflescopes 56, 57 and 58 is placed on a linear ruler with digital coding, respectively 59, 60 and 61, these rulers make it possible to measure two coordinates of a point of the wearer to be digitized The system of digital rulers and glasses is previously harmonized in position with the scan mark of the scanner using a calibration piece.
Le porteur maintient son regard fixe à l'aide du miroir semi- réfléchissant 54 disposé devant luiThe wearer maintains his gaze using the semi-reflecting mirror 54 placed in front of him
Une lunette 56 est disposée devant le visage du porteur et permet à un opérateur de relever les coordonnées des yeux du porteur en hauteur et en largeur en réglant la position de cette lunetteA telescope 56 is arranged in front of the wearer's face and allows an operator to read the coordinates of the wearer's eyes in height and in width by adjusting the position of this telescope.
Les deux autres lunettes 57 et 58, orthogonales à la lunette 56, sont placées de part et d'autre du porteur pour que l'opérateur mesure la cote de profondeur d'une part de l'oeil gauche en réglant la position de la lunette de visée 57, et d'autre part de l'oeil droit par réglage de la lunette 58The other two glasses 57 and 58, orthogonal to the telescope 56, are placed on either side of the wearer so that the operator measures the depth dimension on the one hand with the left eye by adjusting the position of the telescope of sight 57, and on the other hand of the right eye by adjustment of the telescope 58
La numérisation de la tête du porteur est ensuite utilisée pour réaliser la garniture personnalisée définie ci-dessus, ainsi que des éléments internes du casque comme par exemple la position des écouteursDigitization of the wearer's head is then used to make the custom trim defined above, as well as internal elements of the helmet such as the position of the headphones
Cette numérisation peut être utilisée par une machine d' ~>age numérique pour réaliser un moule interne de la garnitureThis digitization can be used by a digital age machine to make an internal mold for the lining.
Une réalisation de moule de garniture est présentée sur la figureA filling mold realization is presented on the figure
6, elle comprend d'une part un socle standard 63 dans lequel s'insère un moule interne personnalisé 64, et d'autre part un moule externe standard 65, correspondant à la forme intérieure de la calotte antichoc standard du casque.6, it comprises on the one hand a standard base 63 in which a personalized internal mold 64 is inserted, and on the other hand a standard external mold 65, corresponding to the interior shape of the helmet's standard shockproof cap.
Le moule interne présente une face interne 67 standard permettant de le positionner précisément par rapport au socle 63 et une face externe 66 personnalisée représentant la forme de la tête du porteur. Le moule externe 65 s'adapte sur le socle de façon à obtenir un espace correspondant à la garniture entre le moule externe 65 et le moule interne 64. La garniture est ainsi réalisée par injection par l'orifice 68 lorsque les deux moules 65 et 64 sont bloqués sur le socle 63. Des pions de centrage sont formés sur la garniture pendant cette opération de moulage par le remplissage des cavités 69 et 70.The internal mold has a standard internal face 67 making it possible to position it precisely with respect to the base 63 and a personalized external face 66 representing the shape of the wearer's head. The external mold 65 fits on the base so as to obtain a space corresponding to the lining between the external mold 65 and the internal mold 64. The lining is thus produced by injection through the orifice 68 when the two molds 65 and 64 are blocked on the base 63. Centering pins are formed on the lining during this molding operation by filling the cavities 69 and 70.
La garniture peut aussi être réalisée à partir d'un bloc de mousse, par usinage à l'aide d'une machine numérique exploitant la numérisation ci- dessus, puis habillage par un terme de confort et de finition. Après fabrication la garniture personnalisée est placée dans un casque standard.The filling can also be produced from a block of foam, by machining using a digital machine using the above digitization, then dressing with a term of comfort and finish. After manufacture, the personalized trim is placed in a standard helmet.
Un tel procédé de fabrication de casque permet la réalisation d'un casque à visuel intégré adapté au porteur sans ajout d'un dispositif mécanique de réglage du visuel. II permet de séparer dans le temps et dans l'espace les deux étapes principales de réalisations constituées d'une part du relevé de forme de la tête et d'autre part de la réalisation de la garniture personnalisée.Such a helmet manufacturing method allows the realization of a helmet with integrated visual adapted to the wearer without adding a mechanical device for adjusting the visual. It makes it possible to separate in time and in space the two main stages of embodiments consisting on the one hand of the statement of shape of the head and on the other hand of the realization of the personalized lining.
Le relevé de forme décrit dans la mise en oeuvre préférée de l'invention est propre et peu contraignant pour le porteur puisqu'il n'y a pas de poussée exercée sur la tête, comme dans la réalisation de garniture par moulage direct sur la tête même du porteur, l'immobilisation est assurée sans douleur par une planche à mordre simple sans prise d'empreinte dentaire.The shape record described in the preferred implementation of the invention is clean and not very restrictive for the wearer since there is no thrust exerted on the head, as in the production of lining by direct molding on the head even for the wearer, immobilization is ensured painlessly by a simple bite board without taking a dental impression.
Le relevé nécessaire de forme de la tête est plus exactement limité au relevé de la partie de la tête qui sert à définir la garniture personnalisée.The necessary statement of head shape is more exactly limited to the statement of the part of the head which is used to define the personalized trim.
La première étape nécessite une présence du porteur limitée à quelques dizaines de minutes et, pour plus de confort, un dispositif de relevé de forme de tête peut être installé, par exemple, dans un camion pour permettre d'effectuer les relevés sur le lieu de travail des porteurs de casque.The first stage requires the wearer's presence limited to a few tens of minutes and, for more comfort, a head shape measurement device can be installed, for example, in a truck for allow to carry out the measurements in the workplace of helmet wearers.
La seconde étape s'effectue sans le porteur, par exemple en usine car le réglage du casque sur la tête du porteur est défini dans la première étape.The second step is carried out without the wearer, for example in the factory because the adjustment of the helmet on the wearer's head is defined in the first step.
Des garnitures de rechange peuvent être fournies à la demande sans contrainte de présence du porteur.Spare packings can be supplied on request without constraint of presence of the wearer.
De même il est possible d'intégrer des options dans la réalisation de la garniture sans réitérer la prise de forme ainsi par exemple, le choix du matériau de la garniture, de choix du tissu de finition, le choix du type de casque ou même le choix de la position du visuel en site.Likewise, it is possible to integrate options in the production of the lining without repeating the shape taking, for example, the choice of the material of the lining, the choice of the finishing fabric, the choice of the type of helmet or even the choice of the position of the visual on site.
Un autre avantage de l'invention est le fait que le relevé de forme préalable permet de déterminer à l'avance la quantité de matière à injecter pour réaliser la calotte personnalisée. Another advantage of the invention is the fact that the prior shape survey makes it possible to determine in advance the quantity of material to be injected to produce the personalized cap.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un casque comprenant une calotte interne personnalisée assurant le positionnement du casque sur la tête du porteur caractérisé par un relevé préalable de la forme de la tête du porteur par un dispositif de mesure sans contact, lequel relevé préalable est suivi d'une réalisation de la dite calotte personnalisée à partir de ce relevé.1. A method of manufacturing a helmet comprising a personalized internal cap ensuring the positioning of the helmet on the wearer's head, characterized by a prior reading of the shape of the wearer's head by a contactless measuring device, which prior reading is followed of a realization of said personalized cap from this statement.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le relevé préalable de la forme de la tête du porteur est effectué par un scanner optique 3D.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the prior reading of the shape of the wearer's head is carried out by a 3D optical scanner.
3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la calotte personnalisée est usinée à l'aide d'une machine numérique, à partir du relevé préalable de forme.3. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the personalized cap is machined using a digital machine, from the preliminary shape survey.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce la calotte personnalisée comprend une calotte standard dans laquelle s'insère une garniture personnalisée.4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the personalized cap comprises a standard cap in which a personalized lining is inserted.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise un moule de calotte personnalisée d'après le relevé.5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that a personalized cap mold is produced according to the survey.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise un moule de garniture personnalisée d'après le relevé.6. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that a custom trim mold is produced according to the statement.
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que pendant le relevé préalable, la position des yeux de l'utilisateur est relevée dans les trois dimensions.7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that during the prior reading, the position of the user's eyes is read in three dimensions.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la position des yeux est mesurée par un dispositif relevant au moins les coordonnées des yeux en hauteur et en largeur et la profondeur de chacun des yeux. 8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the position of the eyes is measured by a device recording at least the coordinates of the eyes in height and in width and the depth of each of the eyes.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la position des yeux est relevée par un dispositif optique.9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the position of the eyes is detected by an optical device.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractéπsé en 5 ce que la tête est immobilisée pendant le relevé de forme et de position des yeux.10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, caractéπsé in 5 that the head is immobilized during the survey of shape and position of the eyes.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le casque comprend un dispositif d'affichage intégré nécessitant un o positionnement très précis par rapport aux yeux du porteur. 11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the helmet comprises an integrated display device requiring a very precise positioning relative to the eyes of the wearer.
EP97920788A 1996-04-26 1997-04-18 Method for manufacturing personalised helmets Expired - Lifetime EP0957697B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9605309 1996-04-26
FR9605309A FR2747895B1 (en) 1996-04-26 1996-04-26 PERSONALIZED HELMET MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PCT/FR1997/000706 WO1997040716A1 (en) 1996-04-26 1997-04-18 Method for manufacturing personalised helmets

Publications (2)

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EP0957697A1 true EP0957697A1 (en) 1999-11-24
EP0957697B1 EP0957697B1 (en) 2001-10-17

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EP97920788A Expired - Lifetime EP0957697B1 (en) 1996-04-26 1997-04-18 Method for manufacturing personalised helmets

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EP (1) EP0957697B1 (en)
AU (1) AU729446B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69707507T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2747895B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997040716A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA973631B (en)

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US10235801B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2019-03-19 Shoei Co., Ltd. Method for adjusting comfort level of helmet and information processing apparatus for adjustment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU729446B2 (en) 2001-02-01
FR2747895A1 (en) 1997-10-31
AU2703997A (en) 1997-11-19
FR2747895B1 (en) 1998-07-10
WO1997040716A1 (en) 1997-11-06
DE69707507D1 (en) 2001-11-22
EP0957697B1 (en) 2001-10-17
DE69707507T2 (en) 2002-05-23
ZA973631B (en) 1997-11-25

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