EP0955645B1 - Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955645B1
EP0955645B1 EP99108019A EP99108019A EP0955645B1 EP 0955645 B1 EP0955645 B1 EP 0955645B1 EP 99108019 A EP99108019 A EP 99108019A EP 99108019 A EP99108019 A EP 99108019A EP 0955645 B1 EP0955645 B1 EP 0955645B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
movable part
actuator
electromagnetic
permanent magnet
ultraswift
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99108019A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0955645A2 (fr
EP0955645A3 (fr
Inventor
Renato Biglino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA
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Omt Officine Meccaniche Torino SpA
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Publication of EP0955645A3 publication Critical patent/EP0955645A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an electromagnetic ultraswift actuator without springs including a movable part and a statoric element coaxial to the movable part, being said movable part free to axially move inside said statoric element, a permanent magnet having its magnetic poles following each other along the longitudinal axis of the movable part, being the movable part kept in a provided position through the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet and suitable stroke limiters, and a statoric winding coaxial to the permanent magnet and excitable so as that it interacts with the permanent magnet magnetic field, whereby the magnetic field generated by the winding excites the statoric element polarizing it so that the permanent magnet reacts together with the movable part connected to it moving towards another provided position, so that the axial translation of the permanent magnet and then of the movable part is respectively caused:
  • the electromagnetic actuators of this kind are used to control drivers in hydraulic, pneumatic, oleodynamic servomechanisms; to control positioning mechanical devices through transmissions or other devices fitted to ensure the repetitiveness of the obtained movement; to make physical quantities measurement devices or for fuel injection valves in the combustion engines, and moreover without mechanical parts returning spring, such as spiral springs or others.
  • the required stroke of the movable part connected to the shutter to make the opening and the closing of the admitting ports is very short (for example some tenth of millimeters), but it has to be made in a very short time, with strong contrast strengths and in very unfavorable functioning environmental conditions, such as for instance the fuel injection into an engine or the driving of high pressure hydraulic servosystems where the functioning of the different parts of the valve have to be realized also in presence of the fluid.
  • the actuator must always ensure the closing position of the valve shutter even in case of lack of electric power or fault.
  • the invention aims to lighten the mass of the movable part and to substantially reduce its dimensions for obtaining high response speed of the movable part even the electric excitation and conseguently a considerable bi-directional strength joined with high induction values. Particularly in the use of such actuators in hydraulic servosystems, the invention aims to obtain that the shutter connected to the movable part ensures, for security reasons, a good closing strength in case of lack of electric power or faults.
  • the actuator includes several permanent magnets coaxial to said movable part and having their magnetic poles following each other along the longitudinal axis of said movable part, and a plurality of coils coaxially set following each other on the statoric element and in a way such that once excited each field pole activated by the magnetic fields inducted by the coils in said statoric element interacts with at least one pole of said permanent magnets to cause an axial shifting of the movable part from one of these provided positions.
  • One of such provided positions can be for example the closing position of a fuel injection valve in the engines, and will be ensured though the closing of the magnetic circuit of the permanent magnets towards the field poles of the statoric part with its coils not excited by current or, alternatively, excited in a way to reinforce this closing action, thus through an induced field increasing the field of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet is in favorable position for the following stage of the valve opening caused by the excitation of the coils which induces on the statoric part field poles a field opposing that of the permanent magnet, thus that it is not in the condition of minimum reluctance as to the statoric part, and this is ensured by the stopping of the shutter against its seat suitably dimensioned according to the valve stroke one want to have.
  • the axial translation of the movable part means therefore the opening of the injection valve.
  • said coils coaxially following each other on said statoric element will be positioned at a distance such that each of said field poles comprised between two coils coaxially following coils forms a single magnetic pole interacting with at least one of said magnetic poles of the permanent magnets, so to generate remarkable strengths: a) closing strength, in case the coils are excited so to generate a magnetic field increasing the one of the permanent magnet; b) opening strength, in case the coils field opposes the one of the magnet.
  • the electromagnetic strength generated in a movable part of a magnetic circuit is proportional to the linked surfaces and to the square of the induction; moreover through a suitably dimensioning of the permanent magnets poles and the coils winded around the statoric element, the induced currents are notably reduced in the movable part advantageously for the response time for that part and of the axial movement speeds, such an advantage is even greater if it is provided the use of an even number of such coils winded around the statoric element.
  • the nearer coils moreover allow, as known, the reduction of the reciprocal inductance between themselves and of the flows dispersed in the statoric element, with a resulting increase of the response speed and an improvement in the actuator efficiency.
  • the efficiency and the stability of the device according to the present invention allow, with limited energy absorptions, to get the margins necessary to oppose the effects of great changes of temperature and eventual changes of the stroke caused by possible plastic deformations of the structure caused by the strong pressures acting within the circuit of an hydraulic servomechanism.
  • Fig. 1 it is shown the electromagnetic actuator of the present invention applied to a fluid injection valve shown in closing position and consisting of a cylindrical movable part 1 including a shutter 2 abutting against a suitable seat 3 of the valve to prevent the fluid, for instance fuel, coming into the body 4 of the valve through the inlet 401, from reaching the feeding holes 402.
  • said valve has a modular structure so that it can be assembled and disassembled by separating from each other the several parts of which it consists.
  • Coaxially to the valve movable part 1 and connected to it are a succession of permanent magnets 5 (4 in this case) having their concentrated magnetic poles 6 coaxially placed along such part and with alternate polarities (for instance North-South-North-South-North).
  • a cylindrical statoric element 7 advantageously made, as said before, of suitable mild magnetic materials (within which the movable part 1 is evidently free to move) suitably shaped so that it forms field poles 8 around which are coaxially winded coils 9, which advantageously in this figure are in an even number (and 4 precisely) to reduce, during their electric excitation, the reciprocal inductance and the flows dispersed in the statoric element 7.
  • the closing position of the shutter 2 on the seat 3 is ensured in this operative form by the position of the poles 6 of the permanent magnets 5 as to the field poles 8 of the statoric element, that is to say starting from the left side of the movable part 1 and considering for instance the first magnetic pole 6, which is for instance supposed to be North, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 5 which includes such pole 6 will tend to force it towards the first field pole 8 of the statoric element 7, which for the first hypothesis it is supposed not to be polarized since the coils 9 are not fed by any current, such pole 6 would tend to the minimum reluctance conditions, that is to say that it would move to align the flow lines of the magnet 5 to which it is connected with the corresponding field pole 8, not excited, but the stop of the shutter 2 against the seat 3 advantageously prevents this aligning from completing, so there will be a force which tends to push each magnetic pole 6 towards its respective field pole, and such force will be, within the saturation limit of the magnetic materials, as greater as smaller are the side surfaces of
  • the stroke limiter during the opening (end 13 of the movable part 1 - lower surface 12 of the screw stroke limiter 10) can be replaced, according to an operative variation form of the present invention reported in Fig. 3, by an adjustment flange 14 provided with suitable fastening screws 15 to the valve body and so disconnectable and interchangeable with another one, which serves as stroke limiter during the opening for the movable part 1 suitably shaped so to have an annular part 16 ensuring the abutment against the adjustment flange 14.
  • the valve lid 11 in this operative variation form is continuous and not perforated since it has not to house any stroke limiter or provide any abutment for the movable part 1.
  • the functioning of the actuator is unchanged as to what described before.
  • Fig. 4a and 4b explain better the functioning of the actuator of the present invention.
  • the first magnetic pole 6 taken into account as example in the description of the preceding figures, will be, without electric excitation of the coils 9 in the position C (it is to say closed valve), as one can notice it is not in the condition of minimum reluctance corresponding to the position indicated with 0, that is to say the condition where the lines of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 5 to which it belongs are axially aligned with the field pole 8 by which it is attracted, and this thanks to the stopping of the shutter 2 against the valve seat 3.
  • the excitation provided by the coils to open the valve (shifting C 1 A 1 ) is provided so to cause a shifting of the movable part 1 which occurs at the same speed, and so in the same time, of the closing shifting AC, in fact the curves F and F 1 are symmetrical to the S axis of the shifting.
  • the shifting AC and C 1 A 1 are advantageously carried out in correspondence of the crests of the curves F and F 1 so to work always with great values for such strengths and so very short moving times. If one wishes to change the stroke AC and so the C 1 A 1 by flattening the curve in correspondence of its crest it is possible according to the invention to suitably shape the field poles 8 and at the same time or alternatively adopt a so-called vernier disposition.
  • Fig. 4b is shown a variation of the functioning of the actuator of the present invention, that is to say the case where the magnetic poles 6 of the permanent magnets 5 not only tend naturally to the field poles 8 deactivated during the closing stage, but also are attracted by them through an auxiliary electromagnetic strength F 2 with the same sign; this means that in the previous case the first magnetic pole 6 of Fig. 1, supposed to be North, was attracted by the first not polarized field pole 8, in this case the first coil 9 of the statoric element 7 will be instead excited to induce in the first field pole 8 a magnetic field having South polarity so to attract the permanent magnet 5 with a strength F 2 greater than the strength F of Fig. 4a, and consequently to make a much more quick closing of the valve.
  • the only strength able to ensure the closing of the valve shutter. 3 is the F one of the case of Fig. 4a.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort, comprenant une partie mobile (1) et un élément statorique (7) coaxial avec la partie mobile (1), ladite partie mobile (1) étant libre de se déplacer axialement à l'intérieur dudit élément statorique (7), un aimant permanent (5) dont les pôles magnétiques (6) se suivent l'un l'autre, le long de l'axe longitudinal de la partie mobile (1), la partie mobile (1) étant maintenue dans une position prédéterminée par l'intermédiaire du champ magnétique produit par l'aimant permanent (5) et de limiteurs de course appropriés (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16), et un enroulement statorique (9) coaxial avec l'aimant permanent (5) et pouvant être excité de telle sorte qu'il coopère avec le champ magnétique de l'aimant permanent (5), en sorte que le champ magnétique produit par l'enroulement (9) excite la partie statorique (7), en la polarisant de telle façon que l'aimant permanent (5) réagit ensemble avec la partie mobile (1) reliée à ce dernier, se déplaçant vers une autre position prédéterminée, de telle sorte que la translation axiale de l'aimant permanent (5) et ensuite celle de la partie mobile (1) sont respectivement produites:
    dans un premier sens, par attraction spontanée entre l'aimant permanent et l'élément statorique, son enroulement n'étant pas excité par un courant ;
    dans le sens opposé, par répulsion entre des polarités présentant le même signe, les polarités étant provoquées par le champ de l'aimant permanent et par le champ induit dans l'élément statorique par excitation de l'enroulement,
       caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs aimants permanents (5) coaxiaux avec ladite partie mobile (1) et dont les pôles magnétiques (6) se suivent l'un l'autre, le long de l'axe longitudinal de ladite partie mobile (1), et une pluralité de bobines (9) placées coaxialement, à la suite l'une de l'autre sur ledit élément statorique (7) et d'une manière telle qu'une fois excitée, chaque pièce polaire (8) activée par les champs magnétiques induits par lesdites bobines (9) dans ledit élément statorique (7) coopère avec au moins un pôle (6) desdits aimants permanents (5) de manière à provoquer un glissement axial de ladite partie mobile (1) à partir de l'une de ces positions prédéterminées.
  2. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites bobines (9) se suivant coaxialement l'une l'autre sur ledit élément statorique (7) sont positionnées à une distance telle que chacune desdites pièces polaires (8) comprises entre deux bobines se suivant coaxialement (9) forme un pôle magnétique unique (8) coopérant avec au moins l'un desdits pôles magnétiques (6) des aimants permanents (5).
  3. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que, dans un couple quelconque formé par deux bobines se suivant (9) desdites bobines se suivant coaxialement l'une l'autre, les courants d'alimentation desdites deux bobines se suivant (9) circulent dans des sens opposés.
  4. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite distance entre chacune desdites bobines (9) est telle que lesdits champs magnétiques induits par lesdites bobines (9) sont liés l'un à l'autre de manière à réduire les courants induits dans ladite partie mobile (1).
  5. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites bobines (9) sont en nombre pair de manière à réduire l'inductance mutuelle dans ledit élément statorique (7).
  6. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pôles magnétiques (6) desdits aimants permanents (5) sont dimensionnés dans le but de concentrer le champ magnétique produit par ledit aimant permanent (5).
  7. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pôles magnétiques (6) desdits aimants permanents (5) sont en saillie radiale par rapport au corps de l'aimant permanent (5).
  8. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un desdits limiteurs de course appropriés (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16) est formé par l'arrêt d'un obturateur (3) incorporé dans ladite partie mobile (1) contre un siège (3) dudit actionneur.
  9. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'un desdits limiteurs de course appropriés (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16) est formé par l'arrêt de l'extrémité (13) de ladite partie mobile (1) contre la surface inférieure (12) d'un limiteur de course à vis réglable (10) sur le couvercle d'obturation (11) dudit actionneur.
  10. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sa procédure d'assemblage est modulaire.
  11. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que sur l'un desdits limiteurs de course (2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 16) se trouve une collerette de réglage (14) coaxiale à ladite partie mobile (1).
  12. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite collerette de réglage (14) comporte des vis de fixation (15) et peut ainsi être séparée dudit actionneur et remplacée par une autre.
  13. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites pièces polaires statoriques (8) peuvent être formées de manière à augmenter la flexibilité dudit actionneur.
  14. Actionneur électromagnétique très rapide sans ressort selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, sur ledit actionneur, on peut adopter une configuration en vernier desdites pièces polaires statoriques (8) par rapport auxdits pôles magnétiques (6) desdits aimants permanents (5).
EP99108019A 1998-05-06 1999-04-23 Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts Expired - Lifetime EP0955645B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1998GE000035A IT1304369B1 (it) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Attuatore elettromagnetico ultrarapido privo di molle.
ITGE980035 1998-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0955645A2 EP0955645A2 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0955645A3 EP0955645A3 (fr) 2000-08-16
EP0955645B1 true EP0955645B1 (fr) 2002-11-20

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EP99108019A Expired - Lifetime EP0955645B1 (fr) 1998-05-06 1999-04-23 Actionneur électromagnétique ultrarapide sans ressorts

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EP (1) EP0955645B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE228265T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69903991T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1304369B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100140519A1 (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 General Electric Company Electromagnetic actuators
DE102011006071A1 (de) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Ina - Drives & Mechatronics Gmbh & Co. Ohg Antriebseinrichtung für ein Ventil, Ventil zur Steuerung eines Gas- und/oder Flüssigkeitsstroms

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5946083B2 (ja) * 1980-05-06 1984-11-10 三菱電機株式会社 電磁石装置
US4785816A (en) * 1985-01-14 1988-11-22 Johnson & Johnson Ultrasound Inc. Ultrasonic transducer probe assembly
DE3501193A1 (de) 1985-01-16 1986-07-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Kraftstoffeinspritzventil
JP2596459B2 (ja) * 1989-03-30 1997-04-02 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 バルブの電磁力駆動装置
FR2652402B1 (fr) * 1989-09-22 1992-01-24 Solex Electrovanne a aimant permanent.
US5434549A (en) * 1992-07-20 1995-07-18 Tdk Corporation Moving magnet-type actuator
DE69311525T2 (de) * 1993-01-07 1997-10-02 Tdk Corp Elektromagnetpumpe mit beweglichem Magnetkolben

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITGE980035A0 (it) 1998-05-06
DE69903991T2 (de) 2003-04-10
IT1304369B1 (it) 2001-03-15
DE69903991D1 (de) 2003-01-02
ATE228265T1 (de) 2002-12-15
ITGE980035A1 (it) 1999-11-06
EP0955645A2 (fr) 1999-11-10
EP0955645A3 (fr) 2000-08-16

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