EP0955536A2 - Detektionsportal für chemische Spuren auf Basis des natürlichen Luftstroms und Wärmetransportsystems des menschlichen Körpers - Google Patents

Detektionsportal für chemische Spuren auf Basis des natürlichen Luftstroms und Wärmetransportsystems des menschlichen Körpers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0955536A2
EP0955536A2 EP99301837A EP99301837A EP0955536A2 EP 0955536 A2 EP0955536 A2 EP 0955536A2 EP 99301837 A EP99301837 A EP 99301837A EP 99301837 A EP99301837 A EP 99301837A EP 0955536 A2 EP0955536 A2 EP 0955536A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
portal
passage
air
human subject
human
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99301837A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0955536A3 (de
EP0955536B1 (de
Inventor
Gary S. Settles
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Penn State Research Foundation
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Penn State Research Foundation
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0955536A3 publication Critical patent/EP0955536A3/de
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Publication of EP0955536B1 publication Critical patent/EP0955536B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/007—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by detecting gases or particles representative of underground layers at or near the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/24—Suction devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N2001/022—Devices for withdrawing samples sampling for security purposes, e.g. contraband, warfare agents
    • G01N2001/024—Devices for withdrawing samples sampling for security purposes, e.g. contraband, warfare agents passengers or luggage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N2001/222—Other features
    • G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a portal-type sampling system for sampling the air around human beings for purposes of detecting trace chemicals present therein.
  • 5,491,337 typically function by initially rubbing a wipe over an article, such as a piece of luggage, that is likely to carry a trace amount of a composition of interest.
  • the wipe then is placed in an apparatus employing the technology of U.S. Patent No. 5,200,614 or U.S. Patent No. 5,491,337, and an air stream is directed through the wipe to transport trace amounts of molecules of interest into the apparatus for detection.
  • a wipe cannot realistically be rubbed across the body of a passenger to test for compositions of interest. Therefore, what has been lacking in the prior art is a rapid, convenient, socially-acceptable means for such sensors to sample the intimate environment of human subjects to screen for concealed explosives.
  • a hand-held sensor attached to one of the detection devices mentioned above has been used in the prior art to carry out a body-scan of an individual.
  • a device is marketed by Ion Track Instruments, Inc. of Wilmington, Massachusetts under the trademark "VAPOR TRACER".
  • This type of device can be used effectively at vehicle border crossings for detecting the presence of certain explosives or narcotics.
  • this prior art device would be very time-consuming when applied to the many thousands of airline passengers who travel each day, and would be perceived as an intrusive approach which would be likely to elicit objections if used on a significant proportion of those passengers boarding an airplane.
  • the Showalter patent discloses a horizontal "air curtain" passing between two cabinets, through which curtain human subjects pass.
  • the air curtain is intended to "strip off” trace vapors of concealed explosive.
  • the vapors were intended to be detected by certain sensors mounted in the receiving cabinet of the air curtain.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,202,200 issued to Ellson discloses a 10-foot-long, 7-foot-high, 3-foot-wide corridor including means to produce a horizontal circulation of air leading to a recirculation zone in the center of the device. Subjects walking through this portal are impinged upon by the recirculating airstream. As a result, it is intended by Ellson that "explosive vapor is stripped from the person by the airstream.” It was further asserted by Ellson that the circulatory nature of the airflow does not further dilute the explosive vapor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,896,547 issued to Achter et al. and discloses a "walk-in, walk-out" booth containing suction vents which horizontally draw in a "large volume” of air from around a human subject who enters the booth. Further, arrays of air-jet “puffers” and infrared strip heaters in the booth serve to "dislodge (explosive) vapors, expel air from beneath clothing, scrub vapors from exposed skin, and disrupt stagnant boundary layers of air near the person.”
  • the Ellson patent is intended to collect a non-representative sample (e.g. of less than the entire human body). A key of the Achter et al.
  • a 6-foot-long, 7-foot-high, 3-foot-wide corridor is provided for the passage of persons being screened, each person spending 2-3 seconds inside the portal.
  • Some 2400 liters/sec (4800 cfm) of air are recirculated in total, passing through an array of airjets which produce exit airspeeds of 17 m/sec. It is specifically claimed in this patent that the directions of these airjets are critical to the functioning of the portal.
  • the "sampling" action of the prior art i.e. removing the explosive signal from the human subject and presenting it to an appropriate detector, is accomplished by a variety of intrusive means including strong air currents, continuous or intermittent impinging air jets, infrared heaters, and physical contact by swinging doors or similar devices.
  • Air currents used in the above-described prior art for purposes of dislodging particles from human subjects are generally oriented horizontally with respect to the vertical orientation of a standing human subject. Only in the Corrigan et al. patent is the air-current orientation not entirely horizontal (a few of the airjets in this case are oriented upward at a 45-degree angle to the horizontal).
  • the present invention is based partly on the premise that the art of explosive-detection portals for human subjects may be substantially improved by taking proper account of the thermal behavior of the air surrounding the human body, and of the natural particulate field generated by the continuous shedding of the outer human skin layer.
  • such consideration is central and crucial to the effective detection of concealed explosives or other substances on the human body.
  • active stripping, scrubbing, or other removal of trace explosives from the body and clothing by mechanical means or air-jet impingement is either unnecessary, insofar as this function is automatically performed by the natural behavior of the human thermal plume itself, or only becomes necessary under such circumstances that the natural signal produced by the body is too weak to detect.
  • the 4800 cfm recirculation produced in the case of the Corrigan patent, for example, is some 50-80 times the airflow produced by the entire human thermal plume (30-50 liters/sec or 60-100 cfm).
  • the present invention is based on the inherent thermal and aerodynamic characteristics of the human body, and secondarily on the presence of a large number of human skin flakes in the air surrounding the body.
  • the human skin is normally several degrees warmer than the surrounding atmosphere (averaging 33 C skin temperature vs. 24 C room temperature). This causes continuous thermal convection to occur from the body to the surrounding atmosphere. With normal activity levels, the rate of energy transferred by the body to the air is about 80 Watts. It is by this mechanism that waste heat is rejected by the body and thermoregulation of the body occurs. (Further details on these topics may be found in Man and His Thermal Environment , by R.P. Clark and O.G. Edholm, E.
  • the air heated by the skin rises naturally according to Archimedes' Principle.
  • This generates a human boundary layer.
  • the boundary layer begins at the ankles and travels up the legs and torso, growing thicker and faster as it moves.
  • the human boundary layer is several cm thick and has a vertically-upwardly-directed speed of as much as 0.5 m/sec.
  • this boundary layer leaves the body and continues its buoyant upward motion, forming the human thermal plume.
  • the airflow contained in the entire plume is on the order of 30-50 liters/sec or 60-100 cfm.
  • the human boundary layer and plume are observed to form in about the same manner despite wide variations in body height, weight, amount or style of clothing, etc.
  • the air in contact with the body is never stagnant, but is in a constant state of upward motion.
  • the very nature of the motion of the human boundary layer is such that every location on the surface of the body contributes to it.
  • any location where explosives might be concealed such as the ankles, legs, thighs, waist, arms, etc., all contribute about equally (per unit skin area) to the buoyant airstream which eventually rises above the body to form the thermal plume.
  • Traces of explosives concealed anywhere on the body thus migrate naturally upwardly and end up in the thermal plume.
  • the clothing does not significantly interfere with this process, except when it traps some of the trace particulates, or in the unlikely case of its being impermeable and hermetically sealed at wrists, ankles, neck, and waist.
  • the subject invention operates on the principle that sampling must encompass the entire human body in order to insure that concealed explosives are not overlooked.
  • the human thermal boundary layer accomplishes this task naturally, so that one need only collect the thermal plume rising naturally above the head of a subject to have a highly-concentrated sample from all locations on the body.
  • this task is accomplished naturally by the human thermal plume, it is highly undesirable to dilute and/or diffuse the plume by artificially-induced air currents, as is done in essentially all prior art in this field.
  • the subject invention also takes advantage of certain facts that are well-known in the non-analogous medical and physiological arts, namely, that human beings shed their outer skin layer continuously in the form of microscopic flakes or scales (see, e.g., Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin , S. Rothman, Chicago, 1954). It has been found that the entire outer layer of skin is shed every one or two days. For an average body surface area of 1.8 square meters and an average skin-flake diameter of 14 microns, it turns out that some millions of skin flakes are shed by the average person every minute. Indeed, tests of indoor environmental dust in homes and offices have shown it to be primarily composed of human skin.
  • the skin flakes released by the epidermis are immediately caught up in the upward motion of the human boundary layer, since their settling speed is only 1 mm/sec to, at most, 1 cm/sec. Further, since their average size is much smaller than the interweave pores of almost all clothing fabrics, they move freely through the clothing and away from the site where they were released. (This is proved by the fact that counts of bacteria shed from the body on skin flakes are about the same whether subjects are clothed or nude.) So it is that the thermal plume of a typical person, while walking, conveys some 7 million skin flakes away from the body each minute. The entire human boundary layer is thus a heavily particle-laden flow containing an extremely large number of microscopic skin flakes.
  • the thermal plume of the body likewise contains myriad skin flakes that have originated from all regions of the body.
  • a rough estimate of the total mass of skin flakes transported by the human thermal plume is 1/3 milligram/second. It thus seems likely that the sheer numbers and ubiquitous nature of these skin flakes insures that they provide a very large "cross-section" upon which trace explosives can be adsorbed. Those explosive molecules already released by concealed explosives and adsorbed on nearby skin will likewise be transported by skin flakes due to the continuous shedding of the latter.
  • One embodiment of the presently-disclosed invention may be used to detect trace biological signals emitted by the human body, which signals can be keyed to the subject's state of health, thereby allowing any of a wide variety of diseases to be diagnosed without direct physical contact.
  • the present invention may be used to detect traces of controlled nuclear substances, such as Uranium, which are difficult to detect by traditional radiation detectors.
  • the collection of the human thermal plume without dilution by extraneous air is accomplished by an open, walk-through portal with an overhead collector, beneath which human subjects are required to pause for a few seconds.
  • This collector may have an inverted, contoured funnel shape, terminating in a filter, trap, or particulate separator and a single fan or blower which draws the air of the plume through the collector.
  • the filter, trap, or separator may be any one of several different devices including 1) a mesh filter-type separator, 2) a cyclone-type separator, 3) an impingement/particle-inertia-type separator, 4) an electrostatic precipitator, 5) a cold trap, or some other device known to the prior art and not specifically covered in this disclosure.
  • the explosives, narcotics or other chemical detector to which the resulting sample is presented may be a prior art detector, such as the detectors disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,200,614 or U.S. Patent No. 5,491,337, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a human subject S standing on a substantially horizontal floor F.
  • the human subject S typically will have a body temperature that exceeds the temperature of the ambient air adjacent to the human subject S.
  • the body heat of the human subject S will cause a warming of air adjacent to the human subject S.
  • This warmed air will effectively define a boundary layer of warm air in close proximity to the human subject S.
  • Warm air is less dense than cooler air.
  • warm air rises relative to cooler air.
  • This known physical phenomenon causes the warm air boundary layer adjacent the human subject S to gradually flow upwardly and through the cooler air at further distances from the human subject S.
  • This upwardly flowing air is identified by arrows "A" in FIG. 1 and collectively defines a human thermal plume.
  • the human thermal plume cooperates with another physiological phenomena referred to above.
  • the human subject H continually emits microscopic particles of dead skin as part of the skin regeneration process described above. These microscopic particles of dead skin are entrained in the upwardly flowing air A that forms the human thermal plume illustrated schematically in FIG. 1.
  • a walk-through screening portal for purposes of detection of concealed explosives, narcotics, and other sensitive or dangerous substances, or for the possible collection of human DNA samples, or for the sampling of airborne signals related to the state of health of human subjects, is identified generally by the numeral 10 in FIG. 2.
  • the portal 10 has two substantially vertical sidewalls 12 and 14 that are spaced sufficiently from one another to form an open passage 16 through which a human subject may conveniently pass.
  • the sidewalls are spaced from one another to define an overall width "W" of approximately 3 feet.
  • the sidewalls 12 and 14 define an overall length "L" of approximately three feet.
  • the portal 10 further has a ceiling 18.
  • the ceiling is disposed above the floor or supporting surface for the portal 10 by a distance sufficient to define an overall portal height "H" of between approximately 7-10 feet.
  • the sidewalls 12 and 14 and/or the ceiling 18 may further be provided with a metal detector comparable to commercially available metal detectors commonly employed at airports and other locations requiring security.
  • a metal detector comparable to commercially available metal detectors commonly employed at airports and other locations requiring security.
  • the contraband detection functions of the portal 10 may be carried out simultaneously with the metal detection functions in an apparatus that is dimensionally comparable to the currently employed metal detectors.
  • Portions of the ceiling 18 that cover the open passage 16 define an inverted contoured funnel 20 that gradually tapers to smaller cross-sectional dimensions at locations further above the passage 16.
  • the funnel 20 is operative to collect the rising thermal plume generated by the human body as explained above.
  • the smaller cross-sectional portions of the funnel 20 are provided with a filter, trap or separator identified generally by the numeral 22 in FIG. 2.
  • the filter, trap or separator 22 will be referred to herein simply by the generic term trap.
  • this generic term is not intended to be structurally or functionally limiting. Rather, the trap 22 is any known structure with the ability to extract from the human thermal plume a sample of particulates, such as skin flakes with adsorbed compounds thereon or airborne trace chemical in vapor form. Comparable traps are used in commercially available contraband detectors marketed by Ion Track Instruments, Inc.
  • a fan 24 or other air circulation generator is provided to generate an air flow that will direct the human thermal plume through the trap 22.
  • a conveyor 26 is further provided to present the trap 22 to a substance detector 28 which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the substance detector 28 may be a prior art detector, such as one of the highly effective detectors shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,200,614 or U.S. Patent No. 5,491,337.
  • the portal 10 described above and illustrated in FIG. 2 may be positioned on a floor 30 having a plenum 32 formed therein.
  • the plenum 32 may communicate with the open passage 16 through a plurality of small air apertures 34.
  • the plenum 32 also may communicate with an air flow generator which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3 and identified generally by the numeral 36.
  • the air flow generator 36 may be operative to direct cold air uniformly through the plenum 32, upwardly through the apertures 34 and into the open passage 16 at a speed of no more than approximately 0.5 meter/sec.
  • the flow of cold air at a low speed of no more than 0.5 meter/sec. will not function to effectively scrub the human subject and will not add significantly to the volume of air presented to the funnel 20.
  • the cold air directed through the plenum 32 merely will enhance and speed the natural vertical motion of the warm human thermal plume "A" due to buoyancy effects of the warm boundary layer of air containing the human thermal plume riding above the colder air directed into the passage 16 through the plenum 32.
  • the temperature of the air directed through the plenum preferably should be several degrees cooler than ambient, but need not be so cold as to cause discomfort to the human subject in the portal 10.
  • An air temperature through the plenum 32 of approximately 60°F will be sufficient to provide the desired buoyancy effect.
  • An alternative portal is identified generally by the numeral 40 in FIG. 4 and is structurally and functionally similar to the portal 10 described above and illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the portal 40 is provided with a passage 42 having a clear plastic sliding door 44 at the exit from the passage 42.
  • the door 44 inhibits a through flow of extraneous air that may be attributable to room air currents. Additionally, the door 44 provides a more efficient and accurate sequencing of the passage of human subjects through the portal 40, and thereby ensures a more accurate matching of detection data with human subjects.
  • FIG. 5 shows the portal 10 of FIG. 2 used in combination with upstream and downstream baffles 46 and 48.
  • the baffles effectively block a through flow of extraneous air due to room air currents and further contribute to proper sequencing of human subjects through the portal 10 and effective matching of detection data to the respective human subjects.
  • the baffles 46 and 48 preferably are spaced between 3 and 6 feet from the portal 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows an elongated corridor-type of portal that is identified generally by the numeral 50.
  • the corridor portal 50 preferably has a width of approximately 3 feet and a height in the range of 7-10 feet, both of which are comparable to the width and height dimensions of the above-described portal 10.
  • the portal 50 illustrated in FIG. 6 preferably has a length L' of approximately 6-10 feet.
  • the portal 50 is at least 2-3 times greater in length than the portal 10 described above.
  • the portal 50 may further be provided with sidewalls 52 and 54 formed from a clear plastic material. The clear plastic sidewalls eliminate the claustrophobic effect of the portal 50.
  • the portal 50 is provided with a ceiling 56 having an inverted funnel collector 58 formed on interior surfaces thereof. However, the funnel 58 of the portal 50 is more elongated.
  • the clear plastic walls 52 and 54 further enable observation of human subjects by security personnel working near the portal 50. This ability to observe human subjects can lead to visual observation of erratic behavior that may justify more detailed searching.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a portal 60 that is structurally and functionally similar or identical to the portals 10, 40 or 50 as described and illustrated above.
  • the portal 60 is provided with a vortex-ring generator 62 designed and located to impinge a level of airborne kinetic energy on the clothing of human subjects passing therethrough for purposes of agitating said clothing to remove trace solids of substances adsorbed thereto.
  • the vortex-ring generator 62 provides primarily only a local airflow disturbance and does not significantly alter the natural airflow rate of 30-50 liters per second in the human thermal plume, and does not alter the naturally upward direction of flow of the human thermal plume as illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 above.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a portal which is identified generally by the numeral 90.
  • the portal 90 includes first and second spaced apart sidewalls 92 and 94 forming a passage 96 therethrough.
  • a ceiling extends across the top of the sidewalls 92 and 94.
  • the portal 90 differs from those described above in that it has no funnel-shaped collector in the ceiling. Rather, a funnel-shaped airflow collector 100 is provided on the sidewall 94.
  • the funnel collector 100 is disposed and configured to take advantage of a thermal wake being formed behind a human subject passing through the portal 100.
  • a trap 102 is provided in the narrow portion of the funnel 100 and functions to extract from the human thermal wake either particulates, such as skin flakes with adsorbed compounds thereon, or airborne trace chemicals in vapor form.
  • the trap 102 is structurally and functionally similar to the trap 22 described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • a blower 104 is provided in proximity to the trap 102 and generates a low speed airflow to draw the human thermal wake through the trap 102 and to expel the remaining airstream to the environment.
  • the conveyance means is provided to present the trapped sample to a substance detector for each human subject passing through the portal 90.
  • the detector is operative to detect the presence of molecules of interest.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention that is structurally and functionally similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4. More particularly, FIG. 9 shows a portal 110 having sidewalls 112 and 114 each of which is substantially cylindrically generated about a common axis and with identical radii. The walls 112 and 114 are separated from one another to define an entrance to the portal 110 and an exit therefrom. A revolving door 116 is rotatably disposed centrally between the walls 112 and 114.
  • the portal 110 further includes a ceiling 118 having a funnel shaped collector 120. However, the funnel 120 is configured to overlie only a portion of the ceiling extending between the entry and exit ends of the sidewall 112.
  • the funnel 118 does not continuously draw from the ambient environment and is at least partly isolated from portions of the portal 110 adjacent the sidewall 114.
  • the portal 110 further includes a plenum 122 that is configured and disposed to substantially register with the funnel 120. However, the plenum 122 is disposed in the floor at the bottom end of the portal 110.
  • the plenum 122 functions substantially as the plenum in the embodiment of FIG. 3 by generating a low flow of cool air that encourages the human thermal plume to float upwardly due to the buoyancy effects of the less dense warm air defining the human thermal plume.
  • the portal 110 shown in FIG. 9 includes all other structural and functional components of the other embodiments, including a trap, conveyor means for delivering the trap to a detector and a detector that functions to identify certain molecules of interest.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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EP99301837A 1998-03-12 1999-03-11 Detektionsportal für chemische Spuren auf Basis des natürlichen Luftstroms und Wärmetransportsystems des menschlichen Körpers Expired - Lifetime EP0955536B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7773698P 1998-03-12 1998-03-12
US77736P 1998-03-12

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EP0955536A2 true EP0955536A2 (de) 1999-11-10
EP0955536A3 EP0955536A3 (de) 2000-08-16
EP0955536B1 EP0955536B1 (de) 2006-10-04

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EP99301837A Expired - Lifetime EP0955536B1 (de) 1998-03-12 1999-03-11 Detektionsportal für chemische Spuren auf Basis des natürlichen Luftstroms und Wärmetransportsystems des menschlichen Körpers

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US (1) US6073499A (de)
EP (1) EP0955536B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4466931B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69933407T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2274602T3 (de)

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EP1286151A1 (de) * 2000-12-22 2003-02-26 Ion Track Instruments LLC Detektionsportal zur Detektion von eingebetteten Teilchen
WO2007029233A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 S.T.I. Security Technology Integration Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting trace amounts of substances
WO2007109311A2 (en) * 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Ge Homeland Protection Inc. A contraband sampling system with a preconcentrator filter having a thermally conductive frame
EP2113074A2 (de) * 2007-01-17 2009-11-04 Implant Sciences Corporation Aufspüren von in spuren vorliegenden chemikalien
CN101975847A (zh) * 2010-09-01 2011-02-16 君安南通电子科技发展有限公司 通道式炸药/毒品检测门
WO2022002127A1 (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-06 同方威视技术股份有限公司 危险化学品安检装置以及闸机系统
WO2022089062A1 (zh) * 2020-10-28 2022-05-05 清华大学 防护装置以及具有其的安检系统

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US6375697B2 (en) * 1999-07-29 2002-04-23 Barringer Research Limited Apparatus and method for screening people and articles to detect and/or to decontaminate with respect to certain substances
US6790249B2 (en) * 1999-09-02 2004-09-14 Smiths Detection-Toronto Ltd. Apparatus and method for screening people and articles to detect and/or decontaminate with respect to certain substances
JP3701182B2 (ja) 2000-08-24 2005-09-28 株式会社日立製作所 出入管理方法及び出入管理システム
US6366203B1 (en) * 2000-09-06 2002-04-02 Arthur Dale Burns Walk-through security device having personal effects view port and methods of operating and manufacturing the same
US6334365B1 (en) * 2000-12-11 2002-01-01 Sandia Corporation Target detection portal
US7136605B2 (en) * 2002-12-24 2006-11-14 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Image forming apparatus, method of evaluating noise, and methods of manufacturing and modifying image forming apparatus
JP3850662B2 (ja) * 2000-12-27 2006-11-29 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 皮膚透過ガス収集装置
US6610977B2 (en) 2001-10-01 2003-08-26 Lockheed Martin Corporation Security system for NBC-safe building
US20080053252A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2008-03-06 Anthony Jenkins Portal trace detection systems for detection of imbedded particles
US6870155B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2005-03-22 Implant Sciences Corporation Modified vortex for an ion mobility spectrometer
US6861646B2 (en) * 2002-02-15 2005-03-01 Implant Sciences Corporation Cyclone sampling nozzle for an ion mobility spectrometer
AU2003209607A1 (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-27 Tracetrack Technology Ltd. Contaminant scanning system
US6831273B2 (en) * 2002-07-31 2004-12-14 General Electric Company Ion mobility spectrometers with improved resolution
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DE69933407T2 (de) 2007-08-23
EP0955536B1 (de) 2006-10-04
JPH11352032A (ja) 1999-12-24
ES2274602T3 (es) 2007-05-16
US6073499A (en) 2000-06-13
JP4466931B2 (ja) 2010-05-26
DE69933407D1 (de) 2006-11-16

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