EP0954734B1 - Retaining element, method of coating a substrate, and thermal installation - Google Patents
Retaining element, method of coating a substrate, and thermal installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0954734B1 EP0954734B1 EP97944215A EP97944215A EP0954734B1 EP 0954734 B1 EP0954734 B1 EP 0954734B1 EP 97944215 A EP97944215 A EP 97944215A EP 97944215 A EP97944215 A EP 97944215A EP 0954734 B1 EP0954734 B1 EP 0954734B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- retaining element
- substrate
- cavity
- retaining
- elongated body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
- E04F13/0835—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
- E04F13/0837—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements extending completely through the covering elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/14—Supports for linings
- F27D1/141—Anchors therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/14—Supports for linings
- F27D1/141—Anchors therefor
- F27D1/142—Anchors made from ceramic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
- F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
- F27D2001/1615—Repairing linings through a hole in the casing, e.g. injecting refractory from outside the vessel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a retaining element according to the first part of claim 1 (45.5 249 899 A).
- the invention also relates to a method of coating a substrate with a lining material, in which method the lining material is fastened by means of at least one retaining element.
- the invention also relates to a thermal installation.
- a retaining element and a method of the kinds mentioned in the opening paragraph can be used to advantage in particular in thermal processes such as the internal linings of industrial furnaces, for example for the ceramic industry, and other thermal installations.
- Such furnaces are usually fitted with a heat-resistant, insulating inner wall in order to reduce the energy cost of operating such furnaces, and also for reasons of safety.
- this wall consisted of a comparatively thick and heavy heat-accumulating lining in the form of refractory bricks, so-called castables, refractory preformed shapes, or refractory concrete.
- a lesser insulation thickness can suffice thanks to the higher insulation value, so that the capacity of the appliance is reduced to a lesser extent thereby.
- the smaller insulation thickness in combination with a considerably lower specific mass of fibre insulation, as compared with brick, concrete, castables, and refractory moulded pieces leads to a major reduction in the installed weight of the appliance, so that the foundation and the (steel) construction for this can be made less heavy, and the entire assembly will have a considerably lower heat capacity. All this leads to substantially lower construction costs and shorter heating-up and cooling-down periods. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that ceramic fibre material is becoming more and more dominant nowadays as a heat-resistant thermal insulation material and as a material for refractory linings.
- a ceramic fibre insulation however, also has a disadvantage when applied, as is usual, in the form of a non-woven structure, i.e. an increased dust generation. It is inevitable in surroundings where the temperature changes strongly, such as in an industrial furnace, that tiny fibres detach themselves from the the insulation, fly about and settle as dust.
- a disadvantage of such a lining is, however, that it is very expensive. Given a mounting pattern of 250 x 250 mm, no fewer than sixteen metal or ceramic anchor sets are required for each square metre of lining material in order to fix the latter durably to the substrate. The material and labour cost involved in this lead to a strong increase in the cost of the total insulation system used. Moreover, the anchor pins used in the known system constitute so-called heat bridges which will generally adversely affect the exterior temperature of the furnace.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a retaining element and a method of the kinds mentioned in the opening paragraph with which a lining can be fixed to a substrate in a comparatively simple manner in such a way that the cost increase of a heat-resistant furnace insulation as referred to above, for example in the case described above, can be substantially eliminated.
- a retaining element of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph wherein the elongated body comprises a cavity over at least part of its length, which cavity extends in axial direction has the features of claim 1, said cavity is open at least at a side facing the fastening member, and a wall of said body has at least one perforation at the area of the cavity, affording access to said cavity.
- a method of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph is for this purpose characterized in that such a retaining clement is used therein, in that the retaining element is introduced into the substrate through the lining material, in that a viscous compound is injected in an excess quantity into the cavity of the retaining element so as to cause this compound to flow out sideways into the substrate through the at least one perforation provided in said element, and in that subsequently the injected compound is cured.
- the material and labour cost of coating a substrate can be substantially reduced thanks to this method and the retaining elements according to the invention used therein.
- the retaining elements according to the invention as described above are inserted through the lining into the substrate in a sufficient number of locations which have preferably been marked thereon beforehand. Then a viscous compound, in particular a paste-type suspension of aluminium oxide, is injected in an excess quantity into the cavities of the retaining elements such that the injected compound flows through the at least one perforation in the wall of the elongate body into the substrate.
- the retaining element can now still be comparatively easily pulled from the substrate.
- the compound which has flown out of the perforation and has been cured after that will provide an adequate retention, so that the lining will be permanently and securely attached to the substrate.
- a heat treatment of sufficiently high temperature in the case of a thermosetting paste the compound which has flown out of the perforation and has been cured after that will provide an adequate retention, so that the lining will be permanently and securely attached to the substrate.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the retaining element narrows towards its end situated opposite the fastening element, preferably ending in a point.
- Such a retaining element having a pointed end can be inserted into the substrate through the coating without any preparatory measures being necessary, especially in the case of a comparatively soft, compressible substrate material such as the ceramic fibre material described above and ditto lining. The work involved in making preparatory perforations or bores can thus be omitted.
- a special embodiment of the retaining element according to the invention is characterized in that the wall of the body comprises a number of separate perforations at the area of the cavity which are distributed over at least a major part of the length of the cavity.
- the paste can flow out radially from several perforations so as to achieve a fastening effect in the substrate in as many locations.
- this special embodiment in a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the perforations increase in size in a direction from the fastening member to the opposite end. The increase in the size of the perforations in proportion as they lie farther removed from the base thus compensate partly for the extra flow resistance experienced by the paste as a result of the greater path length.
- the fastening member under which the lining is received and which eventually provides the fastening of the lining material to the substrate, may be constructed in various ways.
- the retaining element according to the invention is characaterized in that the fastening member comprises a flange which is placed substantially transversely to the body and in which a bore is locally provided so as to afford access to the cavity inside the body. It was found in practice, especially in the case of a fabric lining, that such a circular-symmetrical fastening member results in a particularly homogeneous circumferential adhesion of the lining material to the substrate and accordingly in a particularly satisfactory end result.
- the retaining element Specially suited for application in industrial thermal processes, where high to very high temperatures sometimes prevail, is a further embodiment of the retaining element according to the invention which is characterized in that the retaining element is manufactured from a heat-resistant, for example ceramic, material, and more in particular, that it comprises mainly aluminium oxide. This results in a particularly permanent fastening system which can be specifically adapted to the desired degree of heat resistance.
- a thermal installation protected in this way and comprising a heatable space with an inner wall provided with a fibrous insulation layer is characterized in that the insulation layer is covered with an at least substantially dustproof cloth which is fastened thereto by means of a number of retaining elements according to the invention in a manner as defined in the invention, and in that the retaining elements are fixed in the insulation layer by means of extrusions of a compound which have been cured to hardness and which each project laterally from the cavity of a respective retaining element through a perforation in the wall thereof into the insulation layer.
- a considerably more economical modification of the retaining element according to the invention is characterized in that the retaining element is manufactured from a synthetic material, and that slots are provided in the flange which extend through the full thickness of the flange and issue into the bore.
- the cured paste achieves the actual retention effect and the retaining element has become redundant in principle.
- a synthetic resin retaining element will melt away completely, whereas the refractory paste, which has become cured by that time, remains behind and maintains the fastening of the lining on the substrate.
- the slots in the flange also serve to receive some paste which, once cured, will subsequently provide a kind of flange and grip on the lining, so that also this function of the retaining element is taken over.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a retaining element for fastening a lining material to a substrate.
- the retaining element comprises an elongate, substantially cylindrical body 1 which is designed for being accommodated in a substrate and into which a fastening member 2 merges.
- the fastening member in this embodiment is formed by a round flange with a diameter of approximately 50 mm in which locally a bore 3 of approximately 10 mm diameter has been provided.
- the body 1 and the flange 2 in this example form one integral unit and are manufactured from a ceramic material, for example aluminium oxide.
- the bore 3 affords acess to a cavity 5 which extends in axial direction in the body and which is indicated diagrammatically by means of a broken line in the Figure.
- Fig. 2A shows the body from the rear as viewed along the arrow in Fig. 1, so that this becomes more clearly apparent.
- the body 1 has a length of approximately 100 mm, and the cavity 5 extends over almost this entire length.
- the body 1 becomes narrower at its free end 6, even ending in a comparatively sharp point so as to facilitate a penetration of the body into the substrate.
- the wall of the body 1 comprises a number of perforations 7 at the area of the cavity 5 which afford access to the cavity 5 transversely to the longitudinal direction (and which) are distributed over (the circumference) and along the longitudinal direction of the body.
- the perforations are formed here by through holes which extend over the full diameter of the body and accordingly result in perforations on either side of the body each time.
- Consecutive holes have been provided at an angle to one another, transversely to one another in this case.
- the retaining element described above is particularly suitable for application in ceramic furnaces and other, possibly industrial thermal processes where it is desired to cover a blanket of ceramic, non-woven insulation material in an at least substantially dustproof manner.
- the method to be followed in that case will now be explained in more detail with reference to Figs. 3 to 5.
- Fig. 3 shows part of a, usually steel, shell of a thermal installation according to the invention, an industrial furnace in this case, which is internally lined with a thick package of heat-resistant insulation material.
- the remaining portions of the installation are presumed to be familiar to those skilled in the art and arc not shown for reasons of clarity.
- a ceramic fibre material is used for the insulation layer 12, which is attached to the inner wall in the form of a fibrous, non-woven blanket or is stacked in the form of ceramic fibre slats perpendicularly to the plate wall and fastened thereto.
- This material has many advantages such as, for example, its excellent insulation value. its low installation weight, and its low cost price.
- a disadvantage can be, however, that the unsecured fibres from which the material is composed may become detached and may deposit themselves, for example, in the glazing of earthenware or china which is baked in the furnace, which will lead to unnecessary wastage.
- the ceramic substrate material 12 is covered with a heat-resistant fabric lining 13 which is capable of stopping any fibres which detach themselves from the insulation 12.
- a heat-resistant fabric lining 13 which is capable of stopping any fibres which detach themselves from the insulation 12.
- An industrial heat-resistant fabric was developed for this purpose, commercially available under the brand name of Refrex. This material comprises a woven structure of endless metal oxide fibres and can be used in a temperature range of 950-1350 °C.
- the Refrex cloth 13 is laid in strips, which overlap by approximately 50 mm, against the insulation 12 and is temporarily fixed therein with tack pins. It is also possible for smaller furnaces to manufacture complete, prefab inner linings of this material and to apply these directly against the matching insulated inner wall.
- the locations of the retaining elements to be applied are marked with a felt-tip pen or some other marking means, typically in a pattern of 250 x 250 mm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, a lining material is used on which these marks were previously provided, in particular in the form of a coherent printed pattern.
- Retaining elements 10 of the kind described above are inserted into the insulation material 12 through the cloth 13 in the indicated locations, cf. Fig. 3.
- the pointed ends 6 of the retaining elements 10 easily penetrate the cloth 13 and enter the substrate 12 during this.
- a suitable injection compound 14, in this example a thermosetting paste comprising a thick suspension of aluminium oxide, is injected in excess quantity into the retaining elements 10 through the bores 3.
- the injected paste accordingly fills the cavities 5 and will flow out sideways through the perforations 7 in the walls of the retaining elements 10 into the substrate 12, cf. Fig. 4.
- a greater perforation size is used in proportion as the perforations 7 lie farther removed from the flange 2, i.e.
- the paste 14 is subsequently cured, and the anchoring of the covering cloth 13 in the substrate 10 is ready.
- the ceramic paste 14 and the ceramic retaining elements 10 are both highly resistant to heat and incombustible, and accordingly provide a reliable adhesion of the fabric 13 to the substrate 12 for a long period of time.
- the comparatively low thermal conductivity of ceramic material, but most of all the fact that the retaining elements 10 according to the invention need not penetrate right through to the furnace wall 11 and can remain inside the insulaion material implies that the retaining system according to the invention avoids the creation of heat bridges, and no perforations are made in the often gastight furnace wall.
- Retaining elements of a synthetic material such as, for example, polythene may alternatively be used instead of the ceramic elements described above, which former elements can be manufactured at considerably lower cost on account of the lower material cost and the much simpler processing possibilities.
- synthetic retaining elements will usually not be resistant to heat, they can nevertheless be used in thermal processes as described above.
- a retaining element of synthetic material may be identical to that of its heat-resistant, refractory counterpart, with the proviso that preferably the flange 2 has a number of openings 4, which may or may not be elongate in shape, for example in a manner as shown in Fig. 2B.
- the treatment of the cloth and the retaining elements proceeds in a manner fully analogous to that in the embodiment decribed above, with the exception that here a larger excess quantity of injection compound 14 is injected and is wiped off level so as to fill up completely also the, possibly elongate, openings 4. Then the assembly is exposed to a strongly elevated temperature, for example in that the furnace is switched on. The paste is completely cured by this, but the synthetic retaining elements will melt away, evaporate, or be burnt up until nothing remains of them any more, cf. Fig. 5. All that remains is an irregular cast 15 of the cured compound which was previously injected and which will ensure a permanent, adequate fastening of the cloth 13 to the substrate 12.
- the cloth is now not retained under the flange 2 of the retaining element and clamped against the substrate thereby, but instead of this under surfaces 16 of cured paste with which the, possible elongate, openings 4 were filled.
- the cast 15 thus formed is found to anchor itself so strongly and adhesively in the substrate 12 that it alone already forms a durable retaining element after the heating treatment.
- a financially highly advantageous alternative to the ceramic retaining system described above is offered thereby.
- the system may also be used for providing prefab plates filled with ceramic insulation or heat-resistant board over existing, classical refractory coatings.
- the retaining system according to the invention may be used in module linings, stack bond linings, layered blanket linings, and ceramic fibre based board linings, as well as for refractory insulation bricks, brickwork linings, and refractory linings of compacted masses or heat-resistant concrete. In the latter cases, holes will have to be drilled into the substrate at the areas of the retaining elements to be provided, which involves an additional process step, but the system according to the invention still remains much more attractive than a conventional retaining method.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Non-Metallic Protective Coatings For Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a retaining element according to the invention;
- Figs. 2A and 2B
- are rear elevations of two embodiments of the retaining element of Fig. 1; and
- Figs. 3 to 5
- show consecutive stages in the process of fastening a lining to a substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Claims (14)
- A retaining element for fastening a lining material (13) to a substrate (12), comprising an elongated body (1) intended to be introduced in said substrate and a fastening member (2) at a proximal end of said elongated body, extending traverse relative to said elongated body, intended to receive the lining material between said fastening member and said substrate, wherein the elongated body comprises a cavity (5) which extends axially over at least part of its length of said elongated body, and the wall of said elongated body comprises at least one channel (7) extending from said cavity to an exterior surface of said elongated body, characterized in that said cavity is in open fluid communication with the exterior of the elongated body at said proximal end.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the retaining element narrows its shape towards its end situated opposite the fastening element, preferably ending in a point.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wall of the body comprises a number of separate perforations at the area of the cavity which are distributed over at least part of the length of the cavity.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 3, characterized in that the perforations increase in size in a direction from the fastening member to the opposite end.
- A retaining element as claimed in any one or several of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the fastening member comprises a flange which is placed substantially transversely to the body and in which a bore is locally provided so as to afford access to the cavity inside the body.
- A retaining element as claimed in any one or several of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the retaining element is manufactured from a heat-resistant, for example ceramic, material.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 6, characterized in that the retaining element comprises aluminium oxide.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 5, characterized in that the retaining element is manufactured from a synthetic material, and in that slots, which may or may not be elongate in shape, are provided in the flange so as to extend through the full thickness of the flange.
- A retaining element as claimed in Claim 4, characterized in that the retaining element comprises a synthetic material which can be combusted without noxious effects, such as polythene.
- A method of protecting a substrate with a lining material, in which method the lining material is fastened by means of at least one retaining element, characterized in that a retaining element as claimed in any one or several of the preceding claims is used therein, in that the retaining element is introduced into the substrate through the lining material, in that a viscous compound is injected in an excess quantity into the cavity of the retaining element so as to cause this compound to flow out sideways into the substrate through the at least one perforation provided in said element, and in that subsequently the injected compound is cured.
- A method as claimed in Claim 10, characterized in that a thermosetting paste is injected into the cavity of the body, and in that the entire assembly is exposed to an elevated temperature for curing said paste at least substantially completely.
- A method as claimed in Claim 11, characterized in that a thermosetting paste is used which comprises a suspension of aluminium silicate fibres.
- A method as claimed in Claim 10, 11, or 12, characterized in that anchoring locations are marked on the lining material beforehand.
- A thermal installation comprising a heatable space with an inner wall which is provided with a fibrous insulation layer, characterized in that the insulation layer is covered with an at least substantially dustproof cloth which is fastened thereto by means of a number of retaining elements as claimed in any one or several of the Claims 1 to 6 in a manner as defined in any one or several of the Claims 10 to 13, and in that the retaining elements are fixed in the insulation layer by means of extrusions of a compound which have been cured to hardness and which each project laterally from the cavity of a respective retaining element through a perforation in the wall thereof into the insulation layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1004990A NL1004990C2 (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1997-01-14 | Anchoring element as well as a method of coating a substrate. |
NL1004990 | 1997-01-14 | ||
PCT/NL1997/000569 WO1998030853A1 (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1997-10-10 | Retaining element, method of coating a substrate, and thermal installation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0954734A1 EP0954734A1 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
EP0954734B1 true EP0954734B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=19764206
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97944215A Expired - Lifetime EP0954734B1 (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1997-10-10 | Retaining element, method of coating a substrate, and thermal installation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0954734B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE238531T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4576097A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69721312D1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1004990C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998030853A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10038801A1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-21 | Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh | Injection-securable anchor |
DE60120095D1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2006-07-06 | Alebco Corp | Method for inserting a dowel into a fiberboard and such a fiberboard |
DE102013206576A1 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-16 | Peri Gmbh | sealing plug |
JP7492379B2 (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2024-05-29 | イビデン株式会社 | Heat-resistant materials |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2147934B (en) * | 1983-06-29 | 1987-04-23 | John Ronald Jaycock | Improvements in the construction and maintenance of cavity walls |
GB8323140D0 (en) * | 1983-08-27 | 1983-09-28 | Hilti Ag | Constructional tie |
DE3400215C2 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1986-12-11 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Process for the production of sandwich-like composite components from different fiber materials |
US4810150A (en) * | 1984-06-26 | 1989-03-07 | Toshiba Monofrax Company, Ltd. | Ceramic fiber layer fixing pin |
JPS6162785A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1986-03-31 | 日本プライブリコ株式会社 | Anchor for lining abrasion-resistant and refractory material |
US5249899A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1993-10-05 | Wilson Robert L | Head bolt and driver therefore |
JPH08296619A (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1996-11-12 | Yoshimasa Osada | Engaging tool |
-
1997
- 1997-01-14 NL NL1004990A patent/NL1004990C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-10 DE DE69721312T patent/DE69721312D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-10 WO PCT/NL1997/000569 patent/WO1998030853A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-10-10 EP EP97944215A patent/EP0954734B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-10 AT AT97944215T patent/ATE238531T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-10 AU AU45760/97A patent/AU4576097A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE238531T1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
AU4576097A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
WO1998030853A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
NL1004990C2 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
DE69721312D1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
EP0954734A1 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
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