EP0952902A1

EP0952902A1 - Turning tool system

Info

Publication number: EP0952902A1
Application number: EP98904095A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Lauster; Oliver Grill; Hardy Haberstroh
Original assignee: Willi Hahn GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Willi Hahn GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 1997-01-17
Filing date: 1998-01-19
Publication date: 1999-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2018-01-19
Also published as: WO1998031510A1; WO1998031511A1; EP0952902B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a turning tool system comprising several turning tools each having a handle and blade, the handles having different sizes. This system is characterized in that the handles (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) of said turning tools with different handle sizes both offer constant turning comfort and allow for the transmission of the maximum torque transmissible for each handle size.

Description

Turning tool system

description

The invention relates to a turning tool system which comprises a plurality of turning tools each having a handle and a blade, each with different handle sizes.

Turning tool systems of the type mentioned here are known. They include a number of turning tools, for example screwdrivers, which have different handle sizes and blade sizes and / or blade types. The handles, also known as booklets, have the same basic shape and differ from one another only in their size. The different sizes of the handles are created by scaling, i.e. by compressing or stretching a basic shape. The dimensions and the shape of the turning tool handles always change proportionally. With this procedure for the shaping and size determination of the individual handles, the formal affiliation of the individual turning tools to a turning tool system, which is also referred to as series character, is in the foreground.

A disadvantage in the stretching or compression of a basic shape for the design and shaping of the individual, different sized handles of the known Rotary tool system is that only one handle in size and shape is adapted to the average hand size of an operator / user so that the maximum torque to be applied with this handle size can be carried out with a sufficient degree of turning comfort. All other handle sizes are based on the size of the respective turning tool blade, that is to say a very small handle is provided for a very small blade and vice versa, so that handle sizes are created which are either too large or too small for the hand of the user.

Furthermore, the shape and size of the handles created by scaling a basic shape do not meet the ergonomic requirements that are specified by the hand shape of a user. On the one hand, this leads to a reduction and, in the case of some handle sizes, even to a complete loss of turning comfort and, on the other hand, to the fact that the respective maximum torque to be applied cannot be applied in all cases with the handle provided for this purpose.

The technical problem on which the present invention is based is therefore to create a turning tool system which comprises turning tools, of which each individual turning tool has improved handling and functionality and at the same time the system / series character, that is to say the unambiguous affiliation of a turning tool with the turning tool system. To solve this problem, a turning tool system is proposed which has the features mentioned in claim 1. The turning tool system comprising a number, each having a handle and a blade, is characterized in that the handles of the turning tools with different handle sizes or handle shapes with constant turning comfort, preferably with constant turning force, the transmission of the handle shape or handle shape for the respective handle size allow maximum transferable torque. Each individual handle of the turning tool system is individually proportioned with regard to its application purpose, namely, for example, the transmission of power or torque. This type of design of the handles ensures the greatest possible degree of turning comfort for each individual handle. Furthermore, for example, with a turning tool called small due to its blade size and handle size, which is used to transfer smaller torques, the torque to be applied for the maximum transferable torque of this handle is just as great or the turning comfort achieved is as good as that for transferring the other maximum torques for any other larger turning tool of the turning tool system according to the invention, which can transmit considerably higher maximum torques. Despite the different sizes of the handles, all handles are extremely easy to turn. Each individual handle of the lathe tool system is therefore optimally designed ergonomically, with the unique formal affiliation of the individual lathe tools to the lathe tool system, which is also characterized as a system or series character. is drawn, is retained. Each handle of a turning tool of the turning tool system according to the invention thus represents the same optimal solution with regard to handling, functionality and power transmission.

In connection with the present invention, turning comfort means the manageability and functionality of a turning tool, in particular with regard to an ergonomically optimized adaptation to the hand of the average user / operator. In connection with the present invention, a maximum transmissible torque is understood to mean the torque that can be transmitted at most from a turning tool to a target object, for example a screw. The maximum torque that can be transmitted depends in particular on the parameters of the surface structure of the handle, the torque used, the handle size and shape. Blade and target object, for example screw, off and is determined by the parameter that is most unsuitable for the transmission of a certain torque, for example the one that cannot withstand it. The maximum transmissible torque must therefore be defined separately in each application, depending in particular on the parameters mentioned. If all of the above-mentioned parameters influencing the maximum transferable torque except for the handle size or shape for each turning tool of the turning tool system are kept constant during a screwing task, the maximum transferable torque depends solely or essentially on the handle size or shape. The invention now provides that for all rotary Tools of a system that can transmit the maximum torque that can be transmitted with the respective handle size / shape of the individual turning tool with a high degree of turning comfort, which is essentially the same for all turning tools of the turning tool system. The invention also provides that the maximum torque that can be transmitted for the respective handle size / shape can be transmitted with a constant high level of turning comfort and constant torque.

An embodiment of the turning tool system is preferred, which is characterized in that the respective handle of the individual turning tools represents a non-proportionally scaled modification of a basic handle shape. According to the invention, the handles are therefore not designed by proportional enlargement or reduction, in particular extension or compression, of a basic shape, but rather from an ergonomic point of view and on the basis of the requirements placed on the respective handle. According to the invention, the non-proportional scaled modification of a grip base form refers to the various through the interaction parameter, ^"as Handle length and diameter of handle or their ratio to one another certain basic shape of a handle. In a preferred embodiment, the handle base form according to the invention by the ratio of the length of the handle to the This ratio between the handle length and the largest handle diameter changes in the turning tool system according to the invention from turning tool to turning tool, ie the handle length is modified non-proportionally in relation to the respective largest handle diameter or the largest handle diameter. knife is modified non-proportionally in relation to the handle length. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each individual turning tool of the turning tool system has, preferably substantially, a different ratio of the handle length to the greatest handle diameter than a further turning tool of the system according to the invention. Of course, however, the invention also relates to a turning tool system in which a plurality of turning tools have an identical or almost identical ratio of the handle length to the largest handle diameter and one or more other turning tools of the system have a different, preferably substantially different, ratio of these two parameters to one another.

In connection with the present invention, a significantly different ratio of handle length to largest handle diameter means a deviation from turning tool to turning tool of more than 15%, particularly preferably more than 20% and in particular more than 40%. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a turning tool of a turning tool system according to the invention has a ratio of handle length to largest handle diameter of 1.75: 1, a second turning tool of this system has a ratio of 2.12: 1, and a third turning tool of this system has a ratio of 2 , 06: 1 and a fourth turning tool of this turning tool system have a ratio of 2.95: 1. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the change in these ratio numbers reflects the non-proportionally scaled modification of a basic handle shape. All handles of the turning tool system are individually designed in shape, size and proportioned differently, whereby the system character is fully retained with all handles of the turning tool system. The basic shape of the handle is adapted to the average size of a hand, a so-called "standard hand". The invention preferably provides that part of the characteristic parameters or design parameters of the basic handle shape explained below can be varied individually for each handle of the turning tool system and another part remains the same for all handle sizes.

The particularly preferred basic grip shape provided according to the invention has a thumb rest arranged at the beginning of the grip, which is followed by a rapid rotation range and a power rotation range and the end of the grip. In connection with the present invention, the beginning of the handle means the area of the handle facing the blade and the end of the handle means the area of the handle facing away from the blade. The different sizes having handles of the ^'individual rotary tools have the same basic geometry, which is composed of the individual characteristic zones. In the area of the force rotation range of a handle, the force required to generate a certain torque is applied by the hand of a user with the handle being used in the usual way. The thumb, the index finger and, if applicable, the middle finger of one hand lie or engage in the rapid rotation range, the thumb also being supported on the thumb rest. By supporting the thumb on the front a thumb rest, which preferably has a roll-off protection, can generate a force directed in the direction of the axis of rotation. The size and shape of the individual zones, in particular the rapid turning and power turning range, of a handle can vary with the handles of the turning tool system of different sizes and are preferably adapted to the requirements of the respective handle size. For example, a large handle for a large blade, in which the focus is on forceful screwing (high torques) with appropriate hand positions, can have a larger and more pronounced range of torque than a smaller handle for a smaller blade, in which the requirement focus is on emotional and if necessary, speed-sensitive screwing is directed. For this reason, a small handle can have a quick-turn area, which in part can differ considerably in shape and size from the quick-turn area of a large handle.

Another embodiment of the turning tool system is characterized in that the outer contour of the handles — viewed transversely to the longitudinal axis of the handle — has a curved course. The preferably S-curve shape of the outer contour is formed by the fact that the power turning range drops both towards the end of the handle and towards the quick turning range and that the quick turning range going into the thumb rest has an increasing profile. The respective S-curve-shaped outer contour of a handle has an inflection point, which is preferably between the force and the rapid rotation range. Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the turning tool system, which is characterized in that the transition between the thumb rest and the quick turning area and / or the transition between the turning area, preferably circular in cross section, and the power turning area, preferably octagonal in cross section, is stepless. In the fast turning range of a handle, the focus of the requirements lies in its design in the highest possible turning comfort, which is ensured by the circular shape provided in accordance with the invention and considered in cross section. In the power turning area, the focus of the requirements lies in its design rather in an efficient power transmission with acceptable turning comfort, both of which are ensured by the essentially circular outer contour, considered in cross section, according to the invention, that is to say in particular the preferably octagonal power turning area with rounded edges. This type of shaping enables a particularly good adaptation of the respective handle to the hand and the respective screwing task to be realized, so that the turning comfort and the function of the respective handle can be further improved. In order to improve the turning comfort, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to have the individual zones or areas of a handle blend harmoniously and smoothly into one another.

An embodiment of the turning tool system is also preferred in which the handles of the turning tools have an, at least essentially, circular cross section. The overall round or rounded outer con ture of the handles, the loads acting on the hand of the user can be reduced in such a way that pain-free turning is possible even with a continuous load, for example a powerful turning of a handle over a longer period of time. Due to this design, the handles of the turning tool system are extremely easy to turn.

An embodiment of the turning tool system is particularly preferred which is characterized in that the distance between the largest diameter and the smallest diameter of a handle is, at least essentially, the same size for all handles. It is particularly advantageous if the distance between the end of the handle and the end of the thumb rest facing the beginning of the handle is at least essentially the same for all handles. The handles of the individual turning tools, of different sizes, modified from a basic handle shape from an ergonomic and functional point of view — irrespective of their size — have the above-mentioned distances, which are preferably essentially the same size, thereby ensuring uniformly good handling and high turning comfort all handles of the turning tool system can be guaranteed. The same, characteristic distances between the handles of different sizes result from the basic shape of the handle, which is designed in size and shape in such a way that the maximum transmissible torque for this handle can be applied with a constantly high degree of turning comfort or a constant torque. The dimensions of the basic handle shape adapted to a standardized hand of a user are essentially Chen transferred and transferred directly to larger and smaller handles, since the size of the standard hand is a constant. The characteristic dimensions of the basic handle shape determined for a standard hand (e.g. the handle length and the distance from the largest diameter to the smallest diameter), which ensure a high degree of turning comfort with maximum torque, can be found in both the smallest handle size and the largest handle size as well all intermediate handle sizes of the turning tool system again.

An embodiment of the turning tool system is also preferred, which is characterized in that the distance between the end of the handle and the smallest diameter of a handle is at least essentially the same for all handles. Furthermore, an embodiment of the turning tool system is preferred in which the distance between the handle end and the largest diameter of a handle is, at least essentially, the same size for all handles. These distances represent further characteristic parameters for a handle and, as already described above, result from the non-proportional modification of each handle size from the basic handle shape.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the turning tool system, which is characterized in that the handles in the power turning area, at least partially, have an octagonal cross section, which accordingly comprises eight identical or different, for example two by four sections. This cross-sectional shape ensures powerful turning the handle to generate a high torque with a high turning comfort.

Finally, an exemplary embodiment of the turning tool system is preferred in which the cross sections of the handles in the power turning range are composed of at least two circular sections each of different geometry, that is to say different radii of curvature, widths and / or arc lengths. For the application of high torques with little effort, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to choose the radius of curvature of the individual circular sections to be relatively large, so that an edge is formed in the peripheral regions of a handle in which the circular sections with different curvatures lie against one another is preferably only relatively slight. Due to the large and different radii of curvature of the at least two different circular sections, the adjacent outer surfaces of the circular sections meet at a flat angle. It is further provided according to the invention that the edges are rounded in addition. The edges, which are barely perceptible when the handle is held, give the user a pleasant and comfortable grip. The edges are especially designed so that they only become noticeable when the handle is gripped / gripped and turned. The form fit between the handle and the hand of the user improved by the edges increases the slip resistance and enables the transmission of relatively high torques with little effort. The invention preferably provides that the cross sections of the handles are polygonal. The cross section preferably has eight circular sections, preferably with two different geometries, which — viewed over the circumference of the respective handle — are arranged alternately one behind the other. The radius of curvature of a first circular section is preferably designed to correspond to half the diameter of the respective cross section of a handle and the radius of curvature of a second circular section is greater than the radius of curvature of the first circular section. Due to the larger radius of curvature, the second circular sections appear flatter and less pronounced in their rounding. The proportions of the two radii of curvature in the total circumference are in different proportions for the individual handle sizes. Since the force-emphasized turning comes to the fore with increasing handle size, the proportion of circular sections with the larger radius in the total circumference increases according to the invention. Larger handles therefore appear more flat and angular, while smaller handles according to the invention appear rather round.

Of course, the invention relates not only to the aforementioned systems, but also to the individual turning tools, in particular their handles designed according to the invention in their design described above and below.

Further embodiments result from the remaining subclaims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a turning tool handle of the turning tool system according to the invention;

2 shows a front view of the turning tool handle according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale and

Figures 3 to 6 a sectional view and two

Side views of a total of four turning tool handles of the turning tool system, which have different sizes.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective illustration of an embodiment of a turning tool handle, hereinafter referred to briefly as handle 1. The handle 1 is part of a turning tool from a turning tool system which comprises a plurality of turning tools each having a handle and a blade. The handle 1, which is preferably made of at least one plastic, in particular polypropylene and optionally a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), is connected to a blade (not shown here) in a casting process, preferably an injection molding process. The blade, which is also referred to as the cutting edge, can be designed differently, for example in the form of slits and cross-slits for slotted screws or Phillips screws. It is also possible to provide blades which, in particular on the outer contour of a screw, especially on the screw head or a nut to transmit a torque. Such blades can have, for example, an internal hexagon contour.

The design of the handle 1 described below is representative of all handle sizes of the turning tool system shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. Their design and shape will be discussed in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6.

The handle 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a handle start 3 and a handle end 5. At the beginning of the handle 3 there is a thumb rest 7, to which — viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis 8 of the handle 1 — a rapid rotation area 9 and a force rotation area 11 adjoins this. The handle 1 further comprises a roll-off protection 13, which in this exemplary embodiment of the handle is formed by two flat surfaces 14 and 15 arranged in the region of the thumb rest 7, of which only the surface 15 can be seen in FIG. An extension 17 is arranged between the thumb rest 7 and the beginning of the handle 3. The outer contour of the handle 1, viewed transversely to the longitudinal axis 8 of the handle, has a curved course. As can be seen from FIG. 1, both the transition between the thumb rest 7 and the rapid rotation region 9 and the transition between the rapid rotation region 9 and the power rotation region 11 are of stepless design.

The handle 1 has an essentially circular cross-section over the entire length, the size of the cross-section varying over the entire length of the handle 1. In the area of The force-rotating region 11 has a spherical shape and has its largest diameter at a point identified by reference numeral 25. In the direction of the end 5 of the handle, the cross section of the handle becomes evenly smaller and smaller, up to a point on the handle identified by reference number 27, which is followed by a section 29 in the form of a spherical section. The section 29 delimits or in turn forms the handle end 5. Starting from the largest diameter at the point 25, the cross section of the handle 1 in the direction of the rapid rotation area 9 becomes ever smaller and increases again in the direction of the thumb rest 7.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the handle 1, from which several cross sections can be seen distributed over the length of the handle. The extension 17 has a circular cylindrical cross section and is provided with an opening 19, the center of which lies on the longitudinal axis 8 of the handle 1. The blade, not shown here, is arranged in the opening 19. At the point identified in FIG. 1 by the reference number 21, which is arranged in the region of the thumb rest 7, the handle 1 has a circular cross section, which is interrupted by the surfaces 14 and 15 of the roll-off protection 13. The surfaces 14 and 15 of the roll-off protection are at a distance from one another and run parallel to one another or form an angle with one another. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the handle 1 has an octagonal cross-section in the area of the power rotation area 11. Only the surfaces 33, 35 and 37 can be seen in FIG. 1. The usual Other surfaces 39, 41, 43, 45 and 47 are partially visible in Figure 2.

The cross section at point 25 is composed of eight circular sections, each with two different geometries, which have different radii of curvature, widths and arc lengths. The surfaces 35, 39, 43 and 47 — viewed in the circumferential direction — have a larger proportion of the total circumference of the handle at the point 25 than the surfaces 33, 37, 41 and 45, one of which is arranged between the two larger circular sections is.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the edge that is formed between two adjacent, differently sized circular sections is only very slightly pronounced and essentially rounded, so that overall a substantially circular cross section results. The positions of the handle 1 at which the eight-faced cross section merges into a circular cross section or a substantially spherical section cross section are identified by reference numerals 23 and 27, respectively. The cross section of the handle 1 at the point 23, which is arranged between the rapid rotation region 9 and the power rotation region 11, and the cross section at the point 27, which is located between the power rotation region 11 and the section 29 arranged at the handle end 5, are in the figures 1 and 2 indicated by dashed lines. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the eight-area cross section continuously goes in the direction of the handle beginning 3 into the circular cross section and in the direction of the handle end 5 into the spherical section. shaped cross section so that no disturbing steps or edges are formed in the grip area of the turning tool handle.

The rapid rotation area 9 and the force rotation area 11 of the handle are also referred to as functional areas which extend over a longitudinal area of the handle. In order to be able to specify a ratio of the length of the rapid turning area 9 to the length of the power turning area 11, these areas must be defined. For example, the transition from the rapid turning area to the power turning area can be provided at a point at which the circular cross section merges into the eight-area cross section. A further definition of the transition from the rapid turning range to the power turning range can be determined by the curved shape of the outer contour of the handle. As a purely exemplary example, it can be assumed here that the transition from the rapid turning area to the power turning area is provided at the point of the handle at which the outer contour of the handle changes from a convex to a concave line shape. It is also possible to define the functional areas of the handle with materials and / or surfaces. For example, the rapid rotation region 9 can have a different material than the force rotation region 11. It is also possible that the rapid rotation region and the force rotation region of the handle are structured differently and / or have a different roughness.

FIGS. 3 to 6 each show two side views and a sectional view of an embodiment of a turning tool handle. The following based on The turning tool handles described in FIGS. 3 to 6 are parts of turning tools of the turning tool system according to the invention. The turning tool handles, each provided with a blade (not shown), have different handle sizes, which enable the transmission of a maximum torque that can be transmitted for the respective handle size with constant torque and constant high turning comfort. The shape and size of the handles shown in Figures 3 to 6 is adapted to the requirements of the respective handle, namely transmission of the maximum torque that can be transmitted for the respective handle size with the highest possible turning comfort, good handling, good suitability for continuous and peak loads and the like. In spite of the individual design of the respective handle, the shape of the turning tool handles shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 is such that the formal belonging of the individual turning tool handle or of the turning tool to the turning tool system, which is due to the common handle shape, is retained. The shape of the handles shown in Figures 3 to 6 corresponds essentially to that of the handle 1 shown in Figure 1, which will be discussed in more detail below.

Figure 3 shows two side views of an embodiment of a handle 51 for a turning tool of the turning tool system and a sectional view of the handle 51 along the section line AA shown in the upper side view. Parts which correspond to those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided with the same reference numerals, so that in this respect reference is made to the description of FIGS. can be shown. The handle 51 has a thumb rest 7 provided with a roll-off protection 13, a rapid rotation area 9 and a power rotation area 11. In the upper side view of FIG. 3, several characteristic parameters or distances of the handle 51 are indicated. A first distance x _Q , which indicates the longitudinal extent of section 29, is in a range from 3 mm to 7 mm and is in particular 5 mm. The distance x _Q is preferably the same for all handle sizes of the turning tool system. A further distance x is indicated at the point 25 between the handle end 5 and the largest diameter D _{51 of} the handle 51. The distance - ^ is in a range from 34.5 mm to 38.5 mm, preferably from 35.5 mm to 37.5 mm and in particular 36.5 mm. At a distance ₂ from the handle end 5 there is preferably the area in which the eight-faced cross section of the handle 51 changes continuously into a circular cross section. The distance x ₂ is in a range from 66 mm to 72 mm, preferably from 67.5 mm to 70.5 mm, in particular from 68 mm to 69 mm. The smallest diameter d _{51 of} the handle is provided at point 53 and is at a distance x ₃ from the handle end 5, which is in a range from 83 mm to 92 mm, preferably from 85 mm to 90 mm, in particular from 87 mm to 88 mm lies. At a distance x ₄ from the handle end 5 there is the end of the thumb rest 7 facing the handle beginning 3 at the point 21. The distance x ₄ is in a range from 110.5 mm to 121 mm, preferably from 112.5 mm to 118, 5 mm, in particular from 114.5 mm to 116.5 mm. The length L _{51 of} the handle 51 measured between the handle beginning 3 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 118.5 mm to 128.5 mm, preferably from 120.5 mm to 126.5 mm, in particular from 122.5 mm to 124.5 mm. The cross section of the handle 51 has an eight-surface design in the region of the force rotation region 11, as already described above. The eight-faced cross section continues in the direction of the rapid turning area 9 and merges seamlessly into a circular cross section in the area of the quick turning area 9.

The diameter d _{51 of} the smallest cross section at the point 53 of the handle 51 is in a range from 18.5 mm to 22.5 mm, preferably from 19.5 mm to 21.5 mm and is in particular 20.5 mm. The largest diameter D ₅₁ at point 25 is in a range from 38 mm to 43 mm, preferably from 39 mm to 42 and is in particular 41 mm. The distance x ₅ between the smallest diameter d ₅₁ and the large diameter D ₅₁ is in a range from 49 mm to 53 mm, preferably from 50 mm to 52 mm and is in particular 51 mm. The handle 51 has a diameter at the point 21 which is in a range from 26 mm to 32 mm and in particular is 29 mm. The extension 17 has a diameter of preferably 13 mm. The diameter of the extension is preferably the same for all handle sizes of the turning tool system.

The lower side view of the handle 51 shown in FIG. 3 is rotated counter-clockwise about the axis 8 by an angular range that is smaller than 120 ° relative to the upper side view, in which the characteristic distances are shown. There is a further distance x ₆ between the handle end 5 and one with the loading Zugszeichen 54 provided location of the handle 51 indicated. Preferably at point 54, the curved outer contour of the handle - viewed from left to right - changes from a concave line shape to a convex line shape. The point 54 preferably represents the turning point. The distance x ₆ is in a range from 58 mm to 64 mm, preferably from 60 mm to 62 mm.

From the sectional view of the handle 51 along the dash-dotted section plane AA shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the largest cross section of the handle 51 at the point 25 consists of eight circular sections 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67 and 69 is put together. The cross section of the handle and thus the circular sections 55 to 69 - starting from the largest diameter D ₅₁ at the point 25 - in the direction of the handle beginning 3 and the handle end 5 smaller, so that both a stepless transition in the direction of the rapid turning range 9 and in the direction of the handle end 5 lying section 29 is formed. The section 29 here has a flattened spherical section shape.

In this exemplary embodiment of the turning tool system, the circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 are of identical design and have a larger proportion of the total circumference of the handle 51 than the circular sections 57, 61, 65 and 69. The circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 have a radius of curvature Rl which is in a range from 30 mm to 36 mm and is in particular 33 mm. The larger circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 each extend over a peripheral region of the Cross-section in the region of the largest diameter ^D 5 ₁ '^ ^er ^ ⁿ this embodiment is approximately 58 °. The smaller circular sections 57, 61, 65 and 69 each extend over a circumferential area β of approximately 32 ° and have a radius of curvature R2 which is in the range from 17 mm to 24 mm and is in particular 20.5 mm. In this exemplary embodiment, the circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 have a share in the total circumference of the handle 51 of 65%, which corresponds to a circumferential range of 233.2 °.

The handle 51 of the turning tool system used for relatively large blades can be used particularly advantageously for transmitting high torques due to its design and shape, which is modified from a basic handle shape. The average torques that can be transmitted with the handle 51 depend, among other things, on the condition of the handle surface. It has been shown that the torques that can be applied with the handle 51 are 8.74 Nm on average with a dry handle surface. With a wet handle surface, an average maximum torque of 5.97 Nm can be transmitted and with an oily handle surface of 2.63 Nm. Deviations from the torques specified here are possible because each user of the turning tool provided with the handle 51 has different forces. This torque information and the following torques given for the handles of the turning tool system shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 are only to be understood as example values. FIG. 4 shows two side views and a sectional view of a further handle 71 of the turning tool system, which has a smaller size than the handle 51 shown in FIG. 3. Parts which correspond to those in FIGS. 1 to 3 are provided with the same reference symbols, so that in this respect reference can be made to the description of FIGS. 1 to 3. The terms "smaller" and "larger" in connection with the handles are only to be understood as a comparison between the maximum transmissible torques. This comparison of the handles must be made with other identical parameters, such as user, screw, blade type, which also influence the maximum transferable torque. The handle 71 is preferably used for a turning tool or a blade, in which the maximum transferable torque is smaller than the maximum transferable torque of the handle 51. The handle 71 has a thumb rest 7 provided with a roll-off protection 13, a quick turning area 9 and a power turning area 11 on.

As can be seen from a comparison of the handles 51 and 71 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the handles 71 and 51 have essentially the same outer contour. The most important differences are that the force rotation range 11 of the handle 71 is not so pronounced, like the power turning area 11 of the handle 51 and that in the smaller handle 71 the quick turning area 9 is more pronounced than that of the handle 51. These different shapes result from the demands placed on the respective handle, namely the transfer of the size for the respective handle maximum transferable torque, the torque should preferably be the same for all sizes. The handle 71 used for the transmission of smaller torques is therefore not as spherical in the force rotation area as the handle 51, that is to say the handle 71 has smaller diameters, in particular in the force rotation area 11. The type of shape of the rapid turning area 9 of the handle 71 enables a user to turn faster than the handle 51 with a high degree of turning comfort. Fast turning is not always required of a turning tool with a large handle, since in this case the focus is often on power-driven turning for the transmission of larger or larger torques.

The characteristic parameters or distances (x _Q to x ₆ ) of the handle 71 correspond at least substantially to those of the handle 51. The distance x _Q between the point 27 and the handle end 5 is 5 mm here. The largest diameter D ₇₁ of the handle 71 is at a distance x mm _{^ j,} the mm in a range of 35 to 39, preferably from 36 mm to 38 mm, and in particular is 37 mm, arranged to handle end. 5 The distance x ₂ between the handle end 5 and the transition from the eight-area cross section to the circular cross section is in a range from 71 mm to 77 mm, preferably from 73 mm to 75 mm and is in particular 74 mm. The distance x ₃ between the smallest diameter _{71 of} the handle 71 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 81 mm to 90 mm, preferably from 83 mm to 88 mm, in particular from 85 mm to 86 mm. The distance x ₄ between The handle end 5 and the end of the thumb rest 7 are in a range from 105 mm to 115 mm, preferably from 107 mm to 113 mm, in particular from 109 mm to III mm. The total length L _{71 of} the handle 71 measured between the handle beginning 3 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 113 mm to 124 mm, preferably from 117 mm to 120 mm.

The smallest diameter d ₇₁ is in a range from 17 mm to 21 mm, preferably from 18 mm to 20 mm and is in particular 19.5 mm. The largest diameter D ₇₁ is in a range from 32.5 mm to 38.5 mm, preferably from 34 mm to 37 mm, in particular from 35 mm to 36 mm. The distance x ₅ between the cross section with the largest diameter D ₇₁ and the cross section with the smallest diameter D ₇₁ is in a range from 47 mm to 51 mm, preferably from 48 mm to 50 mm and is in particular 49 mm.

In the lower side view of the handle 71 in FIG. 4, the distance x ₆ between the point 54 and the handle end 5 is specified, which is in a range from 60 mm to 66 mm, preferably from 62 mm to 64 mm and is in particular 63 mm. The diameter of the extension 17 is 13 mm in this embodiment. The diameter of the handle 71 at the point 21 is in a range from 25 mm to 31 mm and is in particular approximately 28 mm.

The maximum torque that can be transmitted with the handle 71 is 8.04 Nm for a dry handle surface, for a wet handle surface flat 4.98 Nm and for an oily handle surface 2.76 Nm.

The right-hand illustration in FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the handle 71 along the section line A-A, which is dash-dotted in the upper side view. It can be seen that the radius of curvature R1 of the larger circular sections 55, 59, 63, 67 and the radius of curvature R2 of the smaller circular sections 57, 61, 65, 69 are coordinated with one another in such a way that an edge is formed between two adjacent circular sections, which is rounded off as a whole is. It is also clear that the outer surfaces of the respective circular sections meet at an obtuse angle. The circular sections 57, 61, 65 and 69 each extend over an angular range β of the circumference of the handle at point 25 of approximately 33 °. The larger circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 extend over a circumferential area of approximately 57 °. The circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 have a share in the total circumference of the handle 71 of 63%, which corresponds to a circumferential range of 228.2 °. The radius of curvature Rl of the larger circular sections in this exemplary embodiment is 26 mm and the radius of curvature R2 of the smaller circular sections is approximately 18 mm.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view and two side views of a further handle 73 of the turning tool system, which is smaller than the handles 51 and 71 and which is used to transmit smaller torques. Parts which correspond to those in Figures 1 to 4 are provided with the same reference numerals, so that in this respect to their description Figures 1 to 4 can be referenced. As can be seen from a comparison of FIGS. 3 to 5, the force rotation range 11 of the handle 73 is not as pronounced as the force rotation range of the next larger handle 71. In contrast, the rapid rotation range 9 of the handle 73 is more pronounced and pronounced than the quick rotation ranges of the handles 51 and 71. With the handle 73 shown in FIG. 5, smaller torques can be transmitted due to its design and shape, with the handle 73 being able to be rotated quickly because of the pronounced rapid rotation range 9. The total length L _{73 of} the handle 73 measured between the handle start 3 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 105 mm to 116 mm, preferably from 108 mm to 113 mm, in particular from 110 mm to 111 mm. The distance x _{4 of} the handle 73 is in a range from 98.5 mm to 108.5 mm, preferably from 100.5 mm to 106.5 mm, in particular from 102.5 mm to 104.5 mm. The distance x ₃ between the smallest diameter d ₇₃ and the handle end 5 is in a range from 76 mm to 85 mm, preferably from 78 mm to 83 mm, in particular from 80 mm to 81 mm. The distance x ₂ between the point at which the eight-area cross section present in the power turning area merges into a circular cross section located in the area of the quick turning area 9 is in a range from 65 mm to 71 mm, preferably from 67 mm to 69 mm. The distance x ₁ between the cross section having the largest diameter D ₇₃ and the handle end 5 is in a range from 31 mm to 35 mm, preferably from 32 mm to 34 mm and is in particular 33 mm. The distance x _Q between the point 27 and the handle end 5 of the handle 73 is preferably 5 mm. The largest diameter D _{73 of} the handle 73 is in a range from 28 mm to 32 mm, preferably from 29 mm to 31 mm and is in particular 30 mm. The smallest diameter d _{73 of} the handle 73 is in a range from 14 mm to 18 mm, preferably from 15 mm to 16 mm and is in particular 16 mm. The distance x ₅ between the largest diameter D ₇₃ and the smallest diameter d ₇₃ is in a range from 46 mm to 50 mm, preferably from 47 mm to 49 mm and is in particular 48 mm.

The distance x ₆ entered in FIG. 5, bottom side view, of the handle 73 between the turning point of the curved outer contour at the point 54 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 52 mm to 58 mm, preferably from 54 mm to 56 mm, and is especially 55 mm. The diameter of the handle 73 at the point 21 is in a range from 17.5 mm to 20.5 mm and is in particular approximately 20.5 mm.

The average, maximum transmissible torque that can be transmitted with the handle 73 having a dry handle surface is approximately 5.65 Nm. This value is reduced to approximately 2.92 Nm with a wet handle surface and to approximately 1.83 Nm with an oily handle surface.

It can be seen from the sectional view shown in FIG. 5 that the handle 73 is cut along the section line AA shown in dash-dotted lines in the upper side view, that the handle 73 also has an eight-section cross section in the force rotation region 11. Which are spread over a rich α of approximately 56 ° circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 each have a radius of curvature Rl of 25 mm in this exemplary embodiment. In this exemplary embodiment, the circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 have a share in the total circumference of the handle 73 of 61%, which corresponds to a circumferential range of 222.4 °. The smaller circular sections 57, 61, 65 and 69, which here extend over a circumferential area β of the handle 73 of approximately 34 °, each have a radius of curvature R2 of approximately 15 mm.

FIG. 6 shows two side views and a sectional view of a further embodiment of a handle 75 for a turning tool of the turning tool system. The handle 75 is the smallest handle of the turning tool system and is used to transfer small torques. The rapid turning area 9 of the handle 75 is particularly pronounced in comparison to the larger handles 51, 71 and 73, during which the power turning area 11 is only slightly emphasized. The shape and size of the handle 75 is designed accordingly with regard to the intended area of use and is particularly suitable for fast turning, also referred to as twisting. It has been shown that, on average, a maximum torque of 3.16 Nm can be transmitted with a dry handle surface. A wet grip surface leads to a reduction in the average maximum transferable torque to a value of 1.67 Nm and with an oily grip surface to a value of 1.17 Nm.

The distance x _Q , which indicates the longitudinal region of the section 29, is preferably 5 mm. The distance x ^ between the cross section with the largest diameter, D _{75 of} the handle 75 and the handle end 5 is in a range from 27 mm to 31 mm, preferably from 28 mm to 30 mm and is in particular 29 mm. The distance x ₂ , based on the direction between the handle end 5 and the area in which the octagonal cross-section in the force-rotating area 11 of the handle 75 changes continuously into a circular cross-section in the quick-turning area 9, is preferably in a range from 55 mm to 61 mm from 57 mm to 59 mm and is in particular 58 mm. The distance x ₃ between the cross section with the smallest diameter d ₇₅ and the handle end 5 is in a range from 73 mm to 81 mm, preferably from 75 mm to 79 mm and is in particular 77 mm. The handle end 5 is arranged at a distance x ₄ from the end of the thumb rest 7 located at the point 21, which is in a range from 92 mm to 102 mm, preferably from 94 mm to 100 mm, in particular from 96 mm to 98 mm. The total length L _{75 of} the handle 75 is in a range from 99 mm to 109 mm, preferably from 102 mm to 106 mm, in particular from 103 mm to 105 mm.

The distance x ₅ between the cross section with the smallest diameter d ₇₅ and that with the largest diameter D _{75 of} the handle 75 is in a range from 46.5 mm to 50.5 mm, preferably from 47.5 mm to 49.5 mm and is in particular 48.5 mm. The smallest diameter d ₇₅ is in a range from 11 mm to 15 mm, preferably from 12 mm to 14 mm and is in particular 13 mm. The largest diameter D _{75 of} the handle 75 is in a range from 21 mm to 25 mm, preferably from 22 mm to 24 mm and is in particular 23 mm. In the lower side view of the handle 75 shown in FIG. 6, the distance x ₆ between the point 54 and the handle end 5 is indicated. The distance x ₆ is in a range from 44.5 mm to 50.5 mm, preferably from 46.5 mm to 48.5 mm and is in particular approximately 47.5 mm. The diameter of the handle 75 at the point 21 is in a range from 14 mm to 20 mm and is in particular approximately 17 mm.

The right figure in FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the handle 75 along the dash-dotted cut line BB shown in the upper side view. In this exemplary embodiment, the circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 extend over a circumferential region α of the cross section with the largest diameter D ₇₅ of approximately 51 ° and have a radius of curvature R 1, which here is 16.5 mm. The proportion of the circular sections 55, 59, 63 and 67 in the total circumference of the handle 75 is approximately 56% here, which corresponds to a circumferential area of 204 °. The circular sections 57, 61, 65 and 69 have a radius of curvature R2 of 11.5 mm and extend over a circumferential region β of the cross section at point 25 of approximately 39 °.

When examining FIGS. 3 to 6, it becomes clear that each of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 is individually designed in shape and size. A formal belonging of the handles 51, 71, 73, 75 to the turning tool system according to the invention, derived from a basic handle shape, can be clearly seen. The series character of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 is partly due to the fact that part of the characteristic Characteristics or distances are at least essentially the same for all handle sizes. With each of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 of the turning tool system which have a different size, the transmission of the maximum torque which can be transmitted for the respective handle size is possible, the torque to be applied for this being constant for all handle sizes. The handles of the turning tool system have a consistently high turning comfort due to their ergonomically optimal design. Each of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 represents a non-proportionally scaled modification of a basic handle shape that enables the maximum torque that can be transmitted for the size of the basic handle shape to be transmitted with the greatest possible turning comfort. Each of the handles of the turning tool system thus has some of the characteristic parameters of the basic shape of the handle, which for an average hand size (standard hand) represents an optimal compromise between maximum torque to be applied and turning comfort. This results in the sometimes identical distances for the handles 51, 71, 73, 75, for example the distance x ₅ between the smallest and the largest diameter of a handle, since with each handle, regardless of its size, the hand that grips it, is always the same.

In addition, the above-described, at least partially eight-section cross-section of the power turning area 11 ensures a high turning comfort and a low effort with a high transferable torque for all handle sizes or turning tools of the turning tool system. The clear formal affiliation of each handle 51, 71, 73 and 75 to the turning tool system results in practice, that is to say in the use of the turning tools, the advantage that the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 consist of a large number of similar ones Tools are recognized directly as tools of the turning tool system. By recognizing and assigning the turning tools to the turning tool system, the time required for the user to find his tool can be reduced.

As already described above, the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 of the turning tool system have design parameters that are partly the same or differ from one another only in a small range. The total length L of the handles 51, 71, 73, 75 differs between the smallest handle 75 and the largest handle 51 of the turning tool system, preferably by a maximum of 13%. In comparison: In known turning tool systems, the difference between the length of the smallest and the largest handle is at least 40%. The distance x ₄ between the end of the thumb rest 7 and the handle end 5 of the respective handle differs between the smallest and the largest handle size by a maximum of 19%. The distance ₄ within a known turning tool system deviates from one another by at least 40% in the different handle sizes.

Furthermore, the handles 51, 71, 73, 75 of different sizes have a cross section with a smallest diameter d, which deviates from one another by a maximum of 13%. The maximum deviation is usually between the smallest handle 75 and the largest handle 51. A particular correspondence of the handles 51, 71, 73, 75 can be determined by comparing the respective distance x ₅ between the smallest and largest diameter. The maximum difference at the distance x _{5 is} 6%. The handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 each have a cross section with the largest diameter D, which differ from one another by a maximum of 26%.

The handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 have different length ratios with regard to their functional areas, in particular between the rapid turning area and the power turning area of the respective handle. If the length of the respective rapid rotation range of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 is defined purely by way of example as the difference between the distance x ₄ and the distance x ₂ , and the length of the respective power rotation range is preferably the difference between the distance x ₂ and the Distance x _Q , the following preferred length ratios result: For the largest handle 51, the length ratio between the rapid turning range and the power turning range is preferably 1: 1.4, for the handle 71 preferably 1: 1.9, for the handle 73 preferably 1: 1.8 and for smallest handle 75 preferably 1: 1.4. The aspect ratios of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 preferably differ by at least 10% between two successive handle sizes. For example, the ratio between the rapid turning range and the power turning range for the handle 73 is at least 10% larger than for the handle 75. In another exemplary embodiment, it can be provided that the handle 73 and the largest handle 51 of the turning tool system according to the invention have the same aspect ratio. The deviation of the length Ratios for handles of turning tools from known turning tool systems within a system is a maximum of 5%.

The length of the respective rapid rotation range of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 can, for example, also be the difference between the distance x ₄ and the distance x ₆ , and the length of the respective power rotation range of the handles 51, 71, 73 and 75 as the difference between the distance _ß and the distance x _Q can be defined. With this definition of the lengths, the handle 51 has an aspect ratio between the rapid rotation range and the power rotation range of preferably 1: 1.0. The aspect ratio of the handle 71 is preferably 1: 1.2, that of the handle 73 is preferably 1: 1.0 and that of the handle 75 is preferably 1: 0.9. The length ratios between two successive handles, for example between handle 51 and handle 71, preferably differ by at least 18%.

In the embodiment of the turning tool system shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, a total of four handle sizes are provided. It is also possible that the turning tool system has more than four handle sizes or less than four handle sizes. Regardless of the number of handle sizes of the turning tool system, the handle 75 is the smallest embodiment variant or handle size shown here and the handle 51 is the largest handle size shown here. Between the two handles 75 and 51 and beyond, any number of other embodiments are possible . It is clear that the turning tool system, for example, only from the handles 51, 71, 73rd or the handles 71, 73, 75 or the handles 51,

71, 75 can exist, which are each provided with a blade provided for the respective handle size.

An embodiment of the turning tool system is particularly preferred, which is characterized in that the turning tool system is a screwdriver system.

In summary, it should be noted that not only - in contrast to known turning tool systems - a handle of the turning tool system is optimally designed according to ergonomic and functional criteria, but each of the handles 51, 71, 73, 75 fulfills these requirements. From the smallest handle 75 to the largest handle 51, the handles, each with a blade, fit both in the hand of the user as well as the size of the blade and the individual screwing task. Despite this individual design of each handle, the system / series character is clearly recognizable.

Claims

Expectations

1. turning tool system, each comprising a handle and a blade having turning tools with different handle sizes, characterized in that the handles (1; 51,71,73,75) of the turning tools with different handle sizes with constant turning comfort the transfer of the the respective handle size allow maximum transferable torque.

2. turning tool system according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective handle (1; 51,71,73,75) of the individual turning tools represents a non-proportionally scaled modification of a basic handle shape.

3. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basic grip shape has a thumb rest (7) arranged at the start of the grip (3), preferably with roll-off protection (13), to which there is a rapid turning range (9), a power turning range (11) and the handle end (5).

4. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer contour of the handles (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) - viewed transversely to the longitudinal axis (8) of the handle - has a curved course.

5. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition between the thumb rest (7) and the quick turning area (9) and / or the transition between the quick turning area (9) and the power turning area (11) is stepless.

6. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handles (l; 51,71,73,75) of the turning tools have an, at least substantially, circular cross section.

7. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smallest diameter, in particular the smallest diameter (d), of the respective handle (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) are arranged in the rapid turning area (9).

8. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the largest diameter, in particular the largest diameter (D), of the respective handle (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) are arranged in the power turning range (11).

9. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handles (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) of the turning tools have essentially the same length (L).

10. turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Distance (x ₅ ) between the largest diameter (D) and the smallest diameter (d) of a handle (l; 51.71.73.75) is, at least essentially, the same size for all handles.

11. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (x ₄ ) between the handle end (5) and the handle beginning (3) facing the end of the thumb rest (7) for all handles (1; 51, 71, 73, 75), at least essentially, is the same size.

12. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (x ₃ ) between the handle end (5) and the smallest diameter (d) of a handle (1; 51, 71, 73, 75) for all handles , at least essentially, is the same size.

13. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (x ^) between the handle end (5) and the largest diameter (D) of a handle (1; 51,71,73,75) for all handles , at least essentially, is the same size.

14. Turning tool system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handles (l; 51,71,73,75) in the power rotation area (11), at least partially, have an eight-faced cross section.