EP0952411B1 - Maschine zum Heizen oder Kühlen von Luft oder Wasser mittels eines Kältemittels - Google Patents

Maschine zum Heizen oder Kühlen von Luft oder Wasser mittels eines Kältemittels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0952411B1
EP0952411B1 EP99107860A EP99107860A EP0952411B1 EP 0952411 B1 EP0952411 B1 EP 0952411B1 EP 99107860 A EP99107860 A EP 99107860A EP 99107860 A EP99107860 A EP 99107860A EP 0952411 B1 EP0952411 B1 EP 0952411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
machine
refrigeration circuit
container
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99107860A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0952411A1 (de
Inventor
Giuseppe De' Longhi
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De Longhi SpA
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De Longhi SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/38—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof specially adapted for reversible cycles, e.g. bidirectional expansion restrictors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine for producing hot or cold air or water for conditioning a room by means of a refrigerant.
  • Conventional air-water machines or unit for producing hot or cold air or water for conditioning an ambient generally comprise a compressor, two heat exchangers, an electric fan, a liquid separator, a liquid receiver, a cycle inverter valve (usually a four way valve), two refrigerator circuits that entail, among others, the use of two unidirectional valves or stop valves and two expansion members for the refrigerant.
  • the reversible refrigeration cycle is not optimally controlled and reacts slowly as the ambient temperature and humidity vary.
  • An aim of the present invention is to eliminate the above cited prior art drawbacks.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a machine for producing hot or cold air or water for conditioning a room by means of a refrigerant, having such an extremely simplified structure to be extremely reliable in operation.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a machine for producing hot or cold air or water by means of a refrigerant, which, by having a simplified construction, accordingly has an easier maintenance and a smaller spare part supply requirement.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a machine for producing hot or cold air or water by means of a refrigerant, which can operate with any type of gas and adapting to the gas virtually immediately.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a machine for producing hot or cold air or water by means of a refrigerant, having a reduced cost and still operating better than conventional machines.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to improve the energetic effect (obtained hot or cold energy divided by spent energy) using smaller quantities of natural or artificial refrigerants thereby reducing their direct or indirect pollution.
  • the four way valve 3 operates as a cycle inverter valve switching the flow of refrigerant. from the conduit 4, as explained in detail later, in order to make the refrigeration cycle operate as a heat pump, returning from conduit 5 or, viceversa, as shown in FIG. 2, the inflow from conduit 5 and the return flow from conduit 4, in case of cooling of the ambient, i.e. during the "summer" operation.
  • Conduit 6 of the four way valve will be the inflow conduit while conduit 7 of the four way valve will be the return flow conduit of the refrigerant to the compressor.
  • the machine according to the invention comprises one reversible refrigeration cycle of either type closed or open (split system), globally designated by the reference numeral 8, adapted to provide a reversible refrigeration cycle for producing hot or cold air or water for conditioning an ambient.
  • reversible refrigeration cycle of either type closed or open (split system), globally designated by the reference numeral 8, adapted to provide a reversible refrigeration cycle for producing hot or cold air or water for conditioning an ambient.
  • the control of the reversible refrigeration cycle is effected by a variable expansion member adapted to vary the expansion in the reversible refrigeration circuit, namely an expansion valve 9 arranged in the refrigeration circuit and controlled by an electronic circuit 10 in order to control the refrigeration cycle more rapidly and optimally with respect to a double refrigeration circuit system of the prior art, as the internal and external temperature and humidity of the ambient vary.
  • the machine according to the invention also comprises collecting means for collecting a selected quantity of refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit and an automatic release means for automatically releasing a selected quantity of refrigerant inside the refrigeration circuit.
  • the refrigerant automatic collecting and release means comprise a container 11 connected to the refrigeration circuit through first and second conduits, respectively designated by reference numerals 12 and 13.
  • Container 11 is connected to the refrigeration circuit 8 in an area globally designated by reference numeral 14 and which is comprised between a first exchanger 15 and expansion valve 9.
  • Expansion valve 9 is associated with refrigeration circuit 8 in a position comprised between container 11 and a second heat exchanger 16.
  • first conduit 12 is associated with second conduit 13 with its portion which is external to the container 11 and extends inside the container 11 down to its bottom 18.
  • Second conduit 13 is associated with the container at its upper portion 19 opposite to the bottom 18 and is connected to the refrigeration circuit in the area 14.
  • Area 14 of the refrigeration circuit is defined by a portion of a first pipe 20 associated with the first exchanger 15 and arranged coaxially around a portion of a second pipe 21 of the refrigeration circuit connected to the expansion valve 9 in order to form an annular chamber 22 which communicates with the second conduit 13.
  • FIG. 1 shows the refrigeration circuit adapted to provide hot water or air for example during the winter season.
  • freon exits conduit 4 and follows an anti-clockwise flow direction entering the first exchanger 15 which in this case operates as a condenser.
  • the refrigerant From condenser 15, the refrigerant enters first pipe 20, having a larger diameter with respect to second pipe 21, so that in area 14, where the two pipes are mutually coaxial and form the annular chamber 22, a selected quantity of refrigerant enters second conduit 13 and therefrom into the container 11 which, at least in a first phase, is at a lower pressure.
  • the refrigerant enters container 11 by gravity to fill it with a selected quantity equivalent to the quantity of refrigerant that is not required during the "winter" operation.
  • the valve 9 is automatically adjusted by means of the electronic circuit 10 in order to always provide a high efficiency of the machine with any type of refrigerant used in the machine.
  • the refrigerant flows from the valve 9 to the second exchanger 16, which in this case operates as an evaporator, and then flows back through the conduit 5 into the compressor.
  • the refrigerant exits conduit 5 and enters the second exchanger 16, which in this case operates as a condenser, and then flows through the expansion valve 9, which is associated to a distributor 30 according to a first embodiment.
  • Distributor 30 of the refrigerant has a fixed expansion member 32 (FIG. 3) which is bypassed by a bypass conduit 31 for the "winter"-"summer" reversing of the cycle.
  • distributor 30 may not have the fixed expansion member 32 and the bypass conduit 31.
  • the expansion valve 9 will be regulated by the electronic circuit 10 and, passing in the area 14 of the refrigeration circuit, flowing out of the second pipe 21 a depression inside the annular chamber 22 will draw the selected quantity of refrigerant from the container 11 through the first conduit 12 and the second conduit 13.
  • First conduit 12 initially draws at first oil and then refrigerant liquid and then refrigerant gas, from container 11 , in order to ensure lubrication of the compressor.
  • the refrigeration circuit can cool the ambient and therefore operate in the "summer" period with more refrigerant than in the "winter” period.
  • the refrigerant then enters the first exchanger 15, which in this case operates as an evaporator, and then flows back to the compressor 2 through the conduit 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows a different embodiment from that illustrated in FIG. 3 which however operates in the same manner.
  • the length of the coaxial portion of the pipes is greater and the second pipe 21 has a plurality of holes 30 in the area entering the first exchanger 15, allowing a better distribution of the refrigerant inside the exchanger.
  • the above described machine according to the invention has a further important advantage: it keeps the water, inside the hydraulic apparatus associated with the machine, at a constant temperature without requiring one or more water reservoirs or an inverter for the compressor.
  • the modulation of the pump and of the expansion valve 9 by means, for example, of a PLC or of said electronic circuit 10, allows to keep the water temperature constant flowing out of the exchangers 15 or 16 during the operation of the refrigeration circuit both in winter (hot water) and in summer (cold water).
  • the electronic circuit 10 or the PLC it is possible to establish when and how to vary the water and refrigerant capacities by detecting the temperature of the water flowing out of the exchangers 15 and 16, and the temperature gap between the inlet and the outlet of the exchangers and the overheating temperature in the compressor 2 inlet in order to ensure that the refrigerant enter the compressor in the gaseous state.
  • the machine according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that it can operate with any suitable type of natural and/or artificial refrigerant, it has an extremely simplified mechanical construction providing a greater reliability and less maintenance and has a lower cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Maschine zum Erzeugen von heißer oder kalter Luft oder heißem oder kaltem Wassers zur Klimatisierung eines Raumes durch ein Kältemittel, bestehend aus einem umkehrbaren Kühlkreislauf (8) bestehend aus einer veränderlichen Expansionseinrichtung (9), um die Expansion in besagtem umkehrbaren Kühlkreislauf (8) zu verändern und um den Kühlzyklus auf eine schnellere und optimiertere Weise in dem Maße zu steuern, wie sich die innere und äußere Umgebungstemperatur und Luftfeuchte des zu klimatisierenden Raumes ändern, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass sie automatische Aufnahme- und Abgabeeinrichtungen umfasst, bestehend aus einem, mit besagten Kühlkreislauf (8) durch erste und zweite Kühlkreisläufe (12,13) in Verbindung stehenden Behälter (11), wobei besagter Behälter mit besagtem Kühlkreislauf (8) in dessen Bereich zwischen einem ersten Austauscher (15) und besagtem Entspannungsventil (9) verbunden ist, und besagtes Entspannungsventil (9) sich zwischen besagtem Behälter (8) und einem zweiten Austauscher (16) befindet, und besagter Bereich (14) des besagten Kühlkreislaufs (8) Teil eines ersten Rohrs (20) ist, welches koaxial um einen Teil eines zweiten Rohres (21) angeordnet ist, um eine ringförmige Kammer (22) zu bilden, die mit besagtem zweiten Kreislauf (13) kommuniziert, wobei sie, wenn das Kühlmittel in Richtung vom Entspannungsventil (9) zum ersten Austauscher (15) zirkuliert, einen Unterdruck erzeugt und aus dem Behälter (11) eine ausgewählte Menge von Kühlmittel in das erste Rohr (20) zieht, und wenn das Kühlmittel in die Gegenrichtung zirkuliert, ein Teil davon in den zweiten Kreislauf (13) und das Rohr vom Behälter (11) hineingepresst wird.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte automatische Aufnahme- und Abgabeeinrichtungen geeignet sind, eine ausgewählte Menge von Kühlmittel aus besagtem Kühlkreislauf (8) aufzunehmen und an ihn abzugeben.
  3. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte veränderliche Expansionseinrichtung (9) ein Entspannungsventil ist, welches in besagtem Kühlkreislauf (8) angeordnet ist und durch einen elektronischen Stromkreis (10) gesteuert wird.
  4. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagter erster Kreislauf (12) mit besagtem zweiten Kreislauf (13) außerhalb des besagten Behälters (11) verbunden ist und innerhalb des besagten Behälters (11) sich bis auf den Boden (18) des besagten Behälters (11) erstreckt.
  5. Maschine nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagter zweiter Kreislauf (13) mit besagtem Behälter (11) in seinem Oberteil (19) gegenüber von besagtem Boden (18) verbunden ist.
  6. Maschine nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagter erster und zweiter Austauscher (15, 16) wahlweise als Kondensator oder als Verdampfer arbeitet, um je nach Flussrichtung des Kühlmittels, die durch das Schalten eines Vier-Wege-Ventils (3) festgesetzt wird, heißes oder kaltes Wasser oder heiße oder kalte Luft zu erzeugen.
  7. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagter Behälter (11) wahlweise mit Unterdruck arbeitet, um besagtes Kühlmittel innerhalb des besagten Kühlkreislaufs (8) abzugeben, und am Anfang mit Unterdruck und dann durch Schwerkraft, um besagtes Kühlmittel aus besagtem Kühlkreislauf (8) aufzunehmen.
  8. Maschine nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Änderungseinrichtung zur Veränderung der Wasserkapazität der mit besagter Maschine verbundenen hydraulischen Baugruppe und der Kühlmittelkapazität des besagten Kühlkreislaufes (8) umfasst, um das Wasser innerhalb der besagten hydraulischen Baugruppe auf einer konstanten Temperatur zu halten.
  9. Maschine nach Anspruch 8 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Änderungseinrichtung zumindest eine abgestimmte Pumpe der hydraulischen Baugruppe und zumindest besagtes Entspannungsventil (9) umfasst, um die Kapazität des Wassers in besagter hydraulischer Baugruppe und die Kapazität des Kühlmittels innerhalb des besagten Kühlkreislaufs (8) je nach Anforderungen zu verändern.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 9 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Pumpe und besagtes Entspannungsventil (9) mittels eines PLC oder durch besagten elektronischen Stromkreis reguliert werden, um die Temperatur des Wassers, welches aus den Austauschern (15, 16) fließt, während des Betriebes des Kühlkreislaufes sowohl im Winter als auch im Sommer konstant zu halten.
  11. Maschine nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Messeinrichtungen zur Festlegung, wann und wie die Wasser- und Kühlmittelkapazitäten verändert werden sollen, umfasst, um durch das Messen der Temperatur des Wassers, welches aus den Austauschern (15, 16) fließt, des Temperaturgefälles zwischen der Einlass- und der Auslassöffnung der Austauscher und der Überhitzungstemperatur in der Einlassöffnung des Kompressors (2) sicherzustellen, dass das Kühlmittel im gasförmigen Zustand in den Kompressor gelangt.
EP99107860A 1998-04-24 1999-04-21 Maschine zum Heizen oder Kühlen von Luft oder Wasser mittels eines Kältemittels Expired - Lifetime EP0952411B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI980879 1998-04-24
IT98MI000879A ITMI980879A1 (it) 1998-04-24 1998-04-24 Macchina per la produzione di acqua od aria calda o fredda mediante un fluido frigorigeno

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0952411A1 EP0952411A1 (de) 1999-10-27
EP0952411B1 true EP0952411B1 (de) 2003-08-13

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EP99107860A Expired - Lifetime EP0952411B1 (de) 1998-04-24 1999-04-21 Maschine zum Heizen oder Kühlen von Luft oder Wasser mittels eines Kältemittels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0952411B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE247262T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69910296T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2205628T3 (de)
IT (1) ITMI980879A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715317A (en) * 1955-01-03 1955-08-16 Robert L Rhodes Automatic load control for a reversible heat pump and air conditioner
US2977773A (en) * 1960-02-12 1961-04-04 Gen Electric Heat pump including charge modulating means
DE2919824A1 (de) * 1979-05-16 1980-11-20 Siemens Ag Waermepumpe
JPS588956A (ja) * 1981-07-10 1983-01-19 株式会社システム・ホ−ムズ ヒ−トポンプ式冷暖房装置
US4484452A (en) * 1983-06-23 1984-11-27 The Trane Company Heat pump refrigerant charge control system
EP0134015B1 (de) * 1983-08-10 1989-02-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Einrichtung zum Kühlen und Heizen eines Raumes und zur Warmwasserversorgung
US4546616A (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-10-15 Carrier Corporation Heat pump charge optimizer
US4899551A (en) * 1984-07-23 1990-02-13 Morton Weintraub Air conditioning system, including a means and method for controlling temperature, humidity and air velocity
US5052472A (en) * 1989-07-19 1991-10-01 Hitachi, Ltd. LSI temperature control system
US5475986A (en) * 1992-08-12 1995-12-19 Copeland Corporation Microprocessor-based control system for heat pump having distributed architecture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI980879A1 (it) 1999-10-24
EP0952411A1 (de) 1999-10-27
ES2205628T3 (es) 2004-05-01
DE69910296D1 (de) 2003-09-18
DE69910296T2 (de) 2004-06-17
ATE247262T1 (de) 2003-08-15

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