EP0951930A1 - Process and apparatus for separating solids from a slurry - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for liquid filtration in a two-stage process comprises concentrating solids in a filtration section, passing the concentrated wet solids into a second vessel, in which they are dewatered in a press, and disintegrating, drying and removing. The installation has two vessels: a filter unit (1) and a press unit (2). The raw fluid is pumped into unit (1), which contains two sets of filter candles (7o,7u), one facing vertically downwards and the other facing vertically upwards. Each set is mounted in a circular pattern at different pitch circle diameters on separately driven supports so that they can rotate concentrically in contrary motion. This provides the principal circulation in the primary concentration stage. Blades (11o,11u) at the top and the bottom drive fluid downward and upward respectively around the candles. The concentrate passes through line (3a) into the press chamber (16) whose jaws are closed hydraulically. Additives (K1) may be used to aid dewatering during compression. When compression is complete the jaws are partially opened and the lower plate is rotated so that teeth on both plates disintegrate the filter cake. The particles fall into a drying chamber where they are fluidized by a number of rotating blades (18). Drying heat is supplied either by hot filtrate passing through the double walls of the drying chamber, or by direct radiation. The principal objective is therefore to allow the filter elements to operate at relatively low pressure so that only their surfaces retain the residues and the pores remain unclogged. Altogether 60 subsidiary claims, supported by drawings, describe aspects of the system.

Description

The most common method for separating solids from a cloudiness consists in filtering the cloudiness with the help of more or less fine-pored filter media. A major disadvantage this method is that the pores of the filter media add relatively quickly with solid particles from the slurry, so that a significant hydrostatic pressure is applied to the slurry in order to get any liquid through the To get filter media through. That hydrostatic pressure in turn leads to the fact that the particles are only firmer in the Pores of the filter medium are pressed, reducing the filter performance is deteriorated further.

These adverse effects can be reduced if you take the Multi-stage filtering process with progressively decreasing pore sizes executes the filter media, but is necessary for this Effort considerably.

Another remedy is the so-called cross-flow filtering, in which the turbidity is in a cross to the surface of the filter medium ongoing movement is held to the weaning of solid particles on the surface of the filter medium hinder. Filter devices that work in this way are known for example from EP 0 178 389 A1. With them too is the principle of building a filter cake on the filter media unavoidable, which affects filter performance becomes.

Another filter device working with cross flow is known from EP 0 226 659 A1. In this is a rotor that is in of the turbidity chamber and during the filtering process Turbidity keeps moving after the filtering process is finished the immobile filter medium can be advanced so that with its help the filter cake that inevitably grows on the filter medium mechanically pressed out before removal from the filter device can be. The operation of this device thus sees deliberately separating the solid particles on the filter membranes before and requires cyclical interruptions that are necessary are to squeeze the filter cake out and out to remove the filter device. The construction of filter cakes during the filtering process also requires considerable hydrostatic pressure to provide reasonably satisfactory filter performance to achieve.

The invention has for its object a method and to specify a plant with which a separation of solids from a turbidity in continuous or quasi-continuous Operation is possible and with increased performance can be achieved without a high hydrostatic on the turbidity Pressure must be applied.

This task is carried out with regard to the procedure by Claim 1 specified features, with respect to the system by the Features specified in claim 15 solved. Advantageous configurations the invention are the subject of each dependent Expectations.

According to the invention, the slurry is in a filter device just thickened. This makes it possible to remove the turbidity during the entire treatment process in the filter device used for this so keep moving that due to the cross to the surfaces of the filter media sedimentation of solid particles on the surfaces of the Filter media completely or almost completely prevented becomes. Therefore, the differential pressure across the filter media becomes small held. For this purpose, the speed of the cross flow is preferably used the turbidity is particularly high. In a preferred one A further development of the invention is a pump flow in the slurry generates that not only at a high cross-flow velocity leads, but in the cloudy on the filter membranes generates such a high back pressure that the differential pressure of the membranes is overcome without the need to put the turbidity under a hydrostatic pressure.

When the slurry chamber is put under hydrostatic pressure, what is also possible can be compared to the stand the technology can be set low. Then it only serves ensure sufficient filtrate flow through the filter media, because it does not need to clog the filter overcome.

If a specified solids concentration in filter operation the turbidity in the filter device has been reached, this concentrated slurry is pressed out mechanically. To for this purpose, it is first subtracted from the filtering process.

The concentrated slurry can be conditioned with a supplement to favor the squeezing process, for example using lime milk to produce flocculation.

The subsequent mechanical squeezing process is not a filtering process, but is only intended for the rough drainage of the concentrated Serve cloudy. Accordingly, the drain is off the squeezing process is not particle-free and is therefore in the Filtering process returned.

The press cake created by the mechanical pressing process is then mechanically crushed, and the resulting ones Agglomerates can be in a swirling state if desired be held by removing the residual moisture from them. This drying process can be caused by negative pressure or accelerated by heat. Can also be on the swirling Particles are exposed to ultraviolet radiation to kill any germs that may be present.

A filter device can be used to carry out the method larger capacity several squeezers of smaller capacity are assigned so that the filter device is quasi-continuous loaded with fresh slurry and from particle concentrate can be freed, the squeezing devices, preferably press dryer, staggered for use reach.

The degree of solid particle concentration reached in the filter device can for example by optical devices, that detect the translucency of the cloudy, or by measuring the drive power that is required to to keep the turbidity in the filter device in motion, be determined.

Operation is particularly economical if the Dry the heating of the particles in the vortex chamber Process waste heat occurs, for example, that during the filtering process due to internal friction in the turbidity and transfers to the filtrate. You can then namely the filtrate for heating the particles in a swirl chamber in the Way that you can use it to cover the walls of the vortex chamber heats. This filtrate can be used before or after Heat can be conditioned, for example adjusted in pH are used to protect the apparatus and the environment to be able to.

Fig. 1

eine Querschnittsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage zur Ausführung des Verfahrens;

Fig. 2a bis 2c

verschiedene Zustände des Betriebs des Preßtrockners in der Anlage von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Ausschnittsdarstellung zur Erläuterung der Anordnung von Filterkerzen;

Fig. 4

eine Einzelheit zur Erläuterung der Halterung der Köpfe von Filterkerzen;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittdarstellung zur Erläuterung der Halterung der Filterkerzen;

Fig. 6

eine Einzelheit zur Erläuterung der Halterung der Fußabschnitte der Filterkerzen;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung von Filterelement-Untergruppen zur Erläuterung der Strömungsverläufe;

Fig. 8

eine Ausschnittsdarstellung von Filterkerzen und ihrer Montage in der Filtervorrichtung;

Fig. 9

im Ausschnitt eine schematische Darstellung einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Filterkerzenhalterung;

Fig. 10

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung einer Filtervorrichtung nach der Erfindung im geschlossenen Zustand;

Fig. 11

eine der Fig. 10 vergleichbare Darstellung im geöffneten Zustand der Filtervorrichtung;

Fig. 12a bis 12h

eine Schemafolge, die die Wartungsmöglichkeiten der Filterkerzengruppen in der Filtervorrichtung der Fig. 10 und 11 zeigt;

Fig. 13

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Alternative der Filterkerzenhalterung;

Fig. 14

eine Detaildarstellung einer alternativen Filterkerzenkonstruktion mit Halterung;

Fig. 15

eine Einzelheit der alternativen Halterung der Filterkerzenköpfe;

Fig. 16a und 16b

einer Ausführungsform einer Filterkerze in Seitenansicht und im Schnitt;

Fig. 17a und 17b

eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Filterkerze in Seitenansicht und im Schnitt;

Fig. 18a und 18b

eine noch weitere Ausführungsform einer Filterkerze in Seitenansicht und im Schnitt;

Fig. 19 - 23

als Ausschnitt Einzelheiten verschiedener Ausführungsformen von Filterkerzen im Kopfbereich derselben:

Fig. 24a und 24b

als Ausschnitt alternative Ausführungsformen des Kessels der Filtervorrichtung von Fig. 1

Fig. 25

eine Längsschnittdarstellung einer Filtervorrichtung mit einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Filterelemente;

Fig. 26

eine Axialschnittansicht nur durch die Filterelemente der Fig. 25;

Fig. 27

als Einzelheit eine vergrößerte teildarstellung eines Filterelements aus Fig. 25 und 26;

Fig. 28

eine Schnittdarstellungen einer Ausführungsform einer Filterscheiben der Filtervorrichtung von Fig. 25;

Fig. 29a und 29b

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 25 zur Erläuterung der Strömungsverhältnisse und eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung davon;

Fig. 30

als Teildarstellung eine gegenüber Fig. 25 abgewandelte Ausführunsgform;

Fig. 31

als Ausschnitt eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren alternativen Filterelementanordnung:

Fig. 32

eine Seitenansicht eines Gehäuses, in dem eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage untergebracht ist;

Fig. 33

einen Einblick in das Gehäuse nach Fig. 32 von der Seite, und

Fig. 34

einen Einblick in das Gehäuse von Fig. 33 von oben.

Fig. 35

eine Ausführungsform einer Filtervorrichtung mit nur einem Antrieb zum freien Eintauchen in einen ggf. drucklosen Behälter, und

Fig. 36

schematisch die sich bei der Filtervorrichtung nach Fig. 35 im Betrieb einstellenden Strömungsverhältnisse in der zu filternden Trübe.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings using an exemplary embodiment of a system for separating solids from a slurry and details of the system. It shows:

Fig. 1

a cross-sectional view of a system according to the invention for performing the method;

2a to 2c

different states of operation of the press dryer in the system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

a sectional view for explaining the arrangement of filter cartridges;

Fig. 4

a detail for explaining the holder of the heads of filter cartridges;

Fig. 5

a sectional view for explaining the holder of the filter cartridges;

Fig. 6

a detail to explain the holder of the foot portions of the filter candles;

Fig. 7

is a schematic cross-sectional view of filter element subsets to explain the flow patterns;

Fig. 8

a sectional view of filter cartridges and their assembly in the filter device;

Fig. 9

in the detail a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the filter candle holder;

Fig. 10

a partially sectioned illustration of a filter device according to the invention in the closed state;

Fig. 11

a representation comparable to Figure 10 in the open state of the filter device.

12a to 12h

a schematic sequence showing the maintenance options of the filter cartridge groups in the filter device of Figures 10 and 11;

Fig. 13

a side view of another alternative of the filter candle holder;

Fig. 14

a detailed view of an alternative filter candle construction with bracket;

Fig. 15

a detail of the alternative holder of the filter candle heads;

16a and 16b

an embodiment of a filter candle in side view and in section;

17a and 17b

a further embodiment of a filter candle in side view and in section;

18a and 18b

a still further embodiment of a filter candle in side view and in section;

Fig. 19-23

as a detail details of different embodiments of filter cartridges in the head area:

24a and 24b

as a section, alternative embodiments of the boiler of the filter device of FIG. 1

Fig. 25

a longitudinal sectional view of a filter device with an alternative embodiment of the filter elements;

Fig. 26

an axial sectional view only through the filter elements of FIG. 25;

Fig. 27

as a detail an enlarged partial representation of a filter element from FIGS. 25 and 26;

Fig. 28

a sectional views of an embodiment of a filter disc of the filter device of FIG. 25;

29a and 29b

an enlarged section of Figure 25 to explain the flow conditions and a schematic cross-sectional view thereof;

Fig. 30

as a partial representation a modified embodiment compared to FIG. 25;

Fig. 31

a detail of a side view of a further alternative filter element arrangement:

Fig. 32

a side view of a housing in which a system according to the invention is housed;

Fig. 33

a view of the housing of FIG. 32 from the side, and

Fig. 34

an insight into the housing of Fig. 33 from above.

Fig. 35

an embodiment of a filter device with only one drive for free immersion in a possibly pressureless container, and

Fig. 36

35 schematically shows the flow conditions in the turbidity to be filtered in the filter device according to FIG. 35 during operation.

The system for separating solids from a slurry 1 consists essentially of a designated 1 Filter device and a press dryer designated by 2, connected to each other by a slurry transfer line 3a and a waste water return line 3b are connected to each other.

The filter device 1 consists of FIGS. 1 and 9 a boiler 4 consisting of an upper shell 4o and a lower one Shell 4u, which is approximately in the middle of the boiler 4 with the help of the damage formed upper and lower flanges 5o or 5u are releasably connected to each other. The end walls 6o and 6u of the boiler 4 are arched lenticular. The diameter of the Boiler 4 is approximately 1.3 times the height of the jacket sections of the shells 4o and 4u.

There are two filter element groups in the boiler 4. The a filter element group is assigned to the upper shell 4o and contains filter elements, which are designed here as filter candles 7o are on a circle on an upper support structure 8o are attached. The upper support structure 8o is on an upper one Hollow shaft 9o attached to the upper end wall 6o Shell 4o penetrates and is rotated by an upper motor 10o is relocatable. On the upper hollow shaft 9o are adjacent upper end wall 6o also the blades 11o of an upper turbine attached, which belong to the upper support structure 8o.

A lower filter element group is comparable to the lower shell 4u assigned, consisting of filter elements that filter candles 7u also in the exemplary embodiment shown are different on two concentric circles Diameters are arranged and of a lower supporting structure 8u are held, which are attached to a lower hollow shaft 9u is. The lower hollow shaft 9u penetrates the lower end wall 6u of the housing shell 4u and is from a lower motor 10u driven opposite to the direction of rotation of the upper hollow shaft 9o. On the lower hollow shaft 9u are close to the lower one End wall 6u also the blades 11u of a lower turbine attached, which belong to the lower support structure 8u.

The circle of filter cartridges 7o of the upper filter element group is the lower between the two circles of the filter cartridges 7u Filter element group arranged.

The slurry chamber is via a feed line 12 and a pump 13 14 in the boiler 4, in which the filter element groups and their supports are, with a cloudiness from one Storage container 15 can be loaded. By one of the 10o motors and 10u caused counter movement of the filter element groups 7o and 7u and the turbines 11o and 11u is in the in the turbidity chamber 14 there is an intensive flow caused in Fig. 1 with arc-shaped arrows is marked and one in the center of the boiler causes increased pressure in the peripheral area. This current sweeps radially past the filter elements 7o and 7u outward. By the circulation of the filter elements around the axis the boiler 4 results in a further movement component between the filter elements and the turbidity that is transverse to the surface the filter elements sweep past them. Details will be explained later.

The sludge transfer line 3 leading out of the boiler 4 leads to the press dryer 2, specifically into a press chamber 16 at the head of the press dryer 2. Below the press chamber 16 there is a swirl chamber 17 in which a rotor provided with a plurality of vanes 18 rotates, which is driven by one outside of the swirl chamber 17, the motor is flanged to the shaft 19 of the rotor. A spur line 3c opens into the sludge transfer line 3a, through which a conditioning medium can be fed via a slide, which is symbolized here with K ₁ and improves the squeezeability of the thickened sludge. For example, the medium can be milk of lime, which causes the turbidity components to flocculate.

The press dryer 2 is formed by a boiler 21 from an upper part 21o and a lower part 21u, the flanges are interconnected. The press chamber 16 is of the Vortex chamber 17 separated by a transverse wall 22, the one has smaller outer diameter than the inner diameter of the Upper part is 21o. Details will be explained later. From the Press chamber 16 lead two drainage lines 23 to the outside, that open into the return line 3b. The latter is with the Slurry feed line 12 connected upstream of the pump 13.

As shown in Fig. 2, the press chamber 16 is above the swirl chamber 17 arranged and by this through the transverse wall 22nd Cut. For the rest, the bale chamber 16 is upward from one Bell limited 24, which has a lower edge 25 which in 2a shown an annular gap 26 (see Fig. 2c) between the peripheral edge of the transverse wall 22 and the Inner wall of the upper part 21o of the boiler 21 closes.

The bell 24 is axial by means of a hydraulic cylinder 27 Adjustable direction and thus acts as a plunger. In Fig. 2a, the bell 24 assumes a position in which the Space of those enclosed by it together with the transverse wall 22 Bale chamber 16 is maximum and the bale chamber 16 is closed is. This is the filling position in which the bale chamber 16 through the transfer line 3a with a concentrated slurry can be filled from the filter device 1.

2a, the transverse wall 22 enters on its upper side Sieve 28, under which there is a dewatering chamber 29, which drains to the outside through one of the outlet lines 23 is. Another is located parallel to the base 30 of the bell 24 Sieve 31, which together with the bubble cap 30, a drainage chamber 32 limited by the other outlet line 23 is drained towards the return line 4.

When the bale chamber 16 is filled with concentrated slurry, can the bell 24 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 27 adjust below. The interior of the press chamber 16 is thereby reduced in size and mechanically squeezed out the sludge inside. The squeezed liquid flows through the sieves 28 and 31 and the outlet lines 23 into the return line 3b. It it is understood that this liquid still contains solids, because sieves 28 and 31 have no noticeable filter function to have. The squeezed liquid is therefore by means of the return line 3b and via the slurry feed line 12 to the filter device 1 returned.

After squeezing is in the press chamber 16 on the Seven 28 and 31 a press cake (not shown) that made the bale chamber 16 is to be removed. For this purpose, according to 2c the bell 24 by means of the hydraulic cylinder 27 so far raised that the annular gap 26 between the circumference of the Transverse wall 22 and the inner wall of the upper boiler part 21o opens.

In this context it should be mentioned that on the side of the Sieves 28 and 31, where press cakes have built up, one each Ejector 33 is located below by means of a the transverse wall 22 located motor 34 and a shaft 35 can be driven in rotation are and the one on the sieves 28 and 31 Clear and crush the press cake and place it in the annular gap 26 promote.

1 and 2c are located in the swirl chamber 17 a plurality of vanes 18, which are driven by a motor 20 by means of the shaft 19 are quickly rotating. On these wings 18 bounce the press cake parts falling from the press chamber 16. They are further shredded by the wings 18 and in Hovering.

The swirl chamber 17 is provided with an outlet line 36, to a moisture separator 37 and a vacuum source (not shown) leads. The bottom part is on the floor 21u of the boiler 21 is provided with an outlet flap 38, which means of a hydraulic actuator can be opened. Fig. 1 shows the open position, Fig. 2c the closed Position.

Some of the wings 18 are provided with wall scrapers 46, which touch the inner wall of the lower part 21u of the boiler 21, the detection areas of these wall scrapers 46 each other overlap. Solids caking can thus be achieved by rotating the vanes 18 Avoid on the inside wall of the lower part of the boiler 21u. Adjacent to the bottom of the lower boiler part 21u is on the shaft 19 has a clearer 40 attached to it when emptying the Vortex chamber 17, the dried solid particles in the Clear flap 38 open outlet. Under this outlet there is a collecting bag 41 (see Fig. 1).

As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2c, the lower part of the boiler 21u on a double wall, and according to Fig. 1 is the space the double wall of inlet and outlet lines 42 and 43 connected. The feed line 42 leads the heated filtrate out of the filter device 1, possibly via a reheater 44 can still be heated if the temperature increase, which the filtrate experiences through the filtering process for the heating of the lower part of the boiler 21u should not be sufficient.

A conditioning medium can be fed into the drain line 43 via a spur line and a slide, which is symbolized here with K ₂ and serves, for example, to adjust the pH value of the filtrate before it is released to the outside.

In operation, the filter device 1 is switched off via the pump 13 the reservoir 15 supplied with slurry. The pump 13 fills the boiler 4 completely with turbidity and keeps the turbidity under a predetermined pressure. It constantly carries so much cloud volume according to how the filtrate flows out through the filter elements 7o and 7u escapes from the slurry chamber 14. If a predetermined solids concentration in the slurry chamber 14 is achieved, for example by means of optical means (not shown) or by measuring the energy consumption of the Drive motors 10o and 10u can be detected, one in the sludge transfer line 3a arranged valve 45 opened and the Press chamber 16 in the position shown in Fig. 2a with a concentrated Cloudy filled. The removal of the concentrated Turbidity from the turbidity chamber 14 is due to the constant subsequent delivery ensured of new turbidity by means of the pump 13. in the Press dryer 2 then takes place the processing already described the concentrated cloudiness.

The processing capacity of the press dryer is expedient adapted to that of the filter device so that none of the aggregates involved in the process idle times surrender. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to use a filter device larger capacity several smaller press dryers assign or vice versa a press dryer of larger capacity assign several smaller filter devices.

Essential for achieving the aim of the invention The aim is that the filter device is not as strong Concentration of the solids takes place that the risk of a Clogging of the pores of the filter elements arises because of the Turbidity can no longer be kept sufficiently in motion, and that, on the other hand, that achieved in the filter device Solids concentration of the slurry is sufficiently high that in Press dryer economic work is possible, m.W. a mechanical squeezing of those introduced into the press dryer Hazy is worthwhile and gives acceptable results.

Furthermore, an important aspect of the invention is that in the press dryer no actual filtering process takes place and therefore the many difficulties that filtering operations pose there are not present a priori, but contain solid residues, So still impure liquid, from the concentrated Turbidity is mechanically squeezed out, which is returned to the filter process becomes. At this point it should be emphasized that the characteristics of the Press dryer also independently, i.e. detached from the characteristics the filter device, inventive meaning and property have and the press dryer as an apparatus with others Filter devices, as shown here, is operable. Corresponding conversely applies to the filter device.

Below are further details of the on the invention Process components involved and their influence on the Process and advantages explained.

Let us first consider the filter device. Fig. 3 shows in Detail of a cross-sectional representation of the filter device 1 in a radial section plane above the flange 50. Only three filter element subgroups are shown, but it goes without saying that a large variety of such filter element sub-groups in a uniform Distribution is attached.

One recognizes the lower hollow shaft 9u with one attached to it Support structure to which the radially extending wings 11u belong to the lower turbine. Are on the turbine blades 11u two ring-shaped concentric to the axis of the hollow shafts 9u Carriers 47 and 48 of different diameters are attached to the especially pipes. On these carriers 47, 48, the also belong to the lower support structure 8u, are regular Circumferential distances foot brackets 49 attached, which is shown in the Example are triangular. From the multitude of foot brackets is on each carrier 47,48 for the sake of clarity only one shown.

3 and 6 are three filter candles on each foot bracket 49 7u attached with their foot sections. That of a foot console 49 associated filter cartridges 7u form a filter cartridge sub-group.

The filter cartridges 7u have in the example shown in FIG. 4 mounting spigots 50 arranged eccentrically to the candle axis a constriction 51, to which a widespread at the free end Foot 52 connects. Each foot 52 sits in a bore 53 of the Console 49, which according to FIG. 6 is open towards the edge of the console Has slot 54, the width of the diameter of the constriction 51 corresponds. By turning the filter candles 7u in the holes 53 it is possible to set the mutual surface distance to change adjacent filter cartridges 7u. Alternative embodiments filter cartridges and their mounting on the foot brackets will be explained later. Dewr slot 54 facilitates assembly and disassembly of the filter cartridge.

5, the filter cartridges 7u are at the other, i.e. upper End provided with a tubular screw socket 55, the is coaxial with the foot-side mounting piece 50. Of the Screw socket 55 has a hexagon 56 and is in one of three threaded holes in a hollow triangular in outline Screwed head console 57.

The head console 57 is attached to an annular tube 58, the Diameter corresponds to that of the carrier on which the foot console the relevant filter cartridge subassembly is attached. Therefore there are two ring tubes 58.59 of different diameters. The Ring tubes 58 and 59 are substantially parallel by several to the axis of the boiler 4 extending supports 60 with the associated carriers 47 and 48 connected. 60 of these supports is at least one hollow and one end with the interior of the associated ring tube 58 and 59 connected. Another day is the interior of the hollow support 60 via a connecting pipe 60 and 62 (see FIGS. 1 and 10) with the cavity of the lower hollow shaft 9u connected. These connecting pipes 61 and 62 can be integrated in the lower support structure 8u.

In this way, a fluid connection is made from the interior of the filter candles 7u through the screw socket 55, the hollow head consoles 57, the ring tubes 58 and 59, respectively hollow supports 60 and the connecting lines 61 and 62 in the cavity of the lower hollow shafts 9u and from there into the Inlet line 42 leads to the wall cavity of the press dryer 2.

The lower hollow shaft 9u is in the lower end wall 6u of the Boiler 4 stored sealed.

A corresponding construction is the upper shell 6o Boiler 4 assigned. The upper hollow shaft 9o carries the upper one Support structure 8o with an associated annular support 63, which has a diameter that is between the diameters the lower support 47 and 48 is located. In parallel is a Ring tube 64 is arranged, which by means of axially parallel supports 65 is connected to the carrier 63, at least one of which is hollow is.

In the filter candles 7u completely comparable way, however overturned, are between the carrier 63 and the Ring tube 64, the filter cartridges 7o with the help of head and foot brackets assembled. The head console can be seen in FIG. 3 and there designated 67. Which is at least one hollow support 65 via a connecting line 66, which in the upper support structure 8o can be integrated with the cavity of the upper hollow shaft 9o connected through the inlet line 42 to the wall cavity of the press dryer 2 is drained. All assembly details of the Filter cartridges 7o are completely comparable to those of filter cartridges 7u, so that the description is not repeated can be.

It can be seen that the wreath on the upper support structure 8o attached filter cartridges 7o between the two rings of other lower support structure 8u attached filter cartridges 7u free, without any mutual contact, immersed.

The effect will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 7 that brings about the arrangement of the filter elements 7o, 7u and how this can be influenced.

By circulating the filter element sub-group from the filter candles 7o clockwise meets these filter cartridges 7o Flow of the turbidity, which is denoted by S1 in FIG. 7. she generates one on the flow surfaces of the filter candles 7o Back pressure that supports the filtering process. This flow S1 is in the gap between the two flowed filter candles 7o accelerates and hits the third filter candle 7o arranged behind the gap Subgroup, so that the dynamic pressure generated at this filter candle 7o is increased accordingly.

In addition, due to the turbidity in the turbidity 11o and 11u, radially from the center of the boiler 4 outward flow the filter element sub-group too inflow on the radially inner side, which is caused by the Arrow S2 is shown. This current is not so strong like the flow S1, which is why the gap between those of it flowed filter candles is wider than that for the flow S1. The the column between the filter candles 7o of the sub-group Turbidity flowing through it leaves - partially drained - the subgroup radially outwards, which is indicated by the arrow S3.

By circulating the filter element sub-group clockwise this is also on its radially outer side of the Cloudy flow. This is shown in FIG. 7 with the arrow S4. This flow is purely tangential to those exposed to it Filter candles 7o, so that solid particles settle largely prevented on the filter candles in this area is.

On the other hand, the one consisting of the filter candles 7u rotates Subgroup counterclockwise around the one already specified Axis (not shown). The incoming flow with cloudy the direction of rotation is according to arrow S5 and off the center of the boiler due to the effect already mentioned the turbines in the direction of arrow S6, where in turn the gap between the flowed filter cartridges 7u set wider is than that for flow S5. The one between the filter candles Incoming turbidity leaves the area of this filter candle sub-group according to the flow S7 radially outwards in the space that defines between the filter element groups and designated Z in Fig. 7. There is the subgroup from the filter candles 7u tangential to the flow S8 flowed towards.

It should be emphasized at this point that it is the specified Flows are always resulting or relative flows, results or relatively because of the filter elements are in motion and on their part through the turbines and the circulating movement of the filter elements hit moving turbidity.

Fig. 7 shows very clearly that by the eccentric bracket the filter elements by twisting them on their holding The consoles are changed in their mutual distance can, so that optimizations depending on the each slurry to be processed, the circulation speed, the Pressure, etc. can be achieved.

It should be emphasized here and with reference to Fig. 8 explains that the arrangement described is not limited to three concentrically arranged wreaths of filter candle sub-groups is limited, but any supporting structure can also have more than one or two such wreaths. So 8 shows an example of an embodiment in which on both the lower and the upper support structure two wreaths of filter candles, each in sub-groups are arranged, are attached. Since those shown in Fig. 8 Components with the reference numerals used so far can be referred to a detailed explanation the same are dispensed with here.

9 shows that the shape of the brackets for the bracket of the filter candles not to those in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 shown triangular shape is limited. In the embodiment 9, the brackets are rather elongated slim and hold 6 filter cartridges in a sub-group, which in turn are pivotally mounted on the consoles in order to to be able to adjust the mutual surface distances.

One can see from the one shown in FIGS. 1, 10 and 11 Construction with the completely independent, the upper and lower boiler shells 4o and 4u associated inner Structures that there is division of the boiler in a radial plane in the middle of the boiler 4 is very easily possible mentioned internal structures accessible for maintenance do. For this reason, the boiler 4 is in the middle Radial plane divided into the two shells 4o and 4u, which on two peripheral flanges 5o and 5u releasably connected together are. Screws that hold the peripheral flanges 5o and 5u together are not shown for reasons of clarity. Means A lifting device H then allows the upper shell of the boiler 4o with all the elements that are stored and attached to it are lifted off the lower boiler shell 4u. This State is shown in Fig. 11.

12a to 12h show a complete sequence with which the filter element groups are made accessible that the upper and lower boiler shells are assigned.

12a shows the filter device 1 with a on a column swiveling and height-adjustable lifting device in the closed state of the boiler.

In Fig. 12b, the upper shell 4o is from the lower shell 4u lifted so far that on the upper housing shell 4o filter cartridge group 7o from the lower filter cartridge group 7u is completely free, so that according to FIG. 12c upper housing shell 4o with everything that is connected to it, can be freely pivoted to the side.

12d, the lifting device is then lowered until that with another, trained on it boom A lower filter cartridge group 7u can be gripped. At the same time the upper filter candle group 7o is placed on a table. After removing the upper filter cartridge group from it Support structure can be removed from the work area. This state is shown in Fig. 12e.

Then the lifting device is raised again, so that the lower filter cartridge group 7u from the lower boiler shell 4u after loosening from the lower support structure can be removed. This is shown in Fig. 12f. After swiveling again the lifting device in the state shown in FIG. 12g, can lower the filter cartridge group by lowering the lifting device 7u are placed on a table (Fig. 12h).

The assembly is done in reverse order.

The loosening of the support structures with the filter candles attached of the hollow shafts (see Figures 12e and 12f) is special advantageous, because this will not disturb the filter cartridges completely accessible through the boiler shells. This Solving is by means of advantageous measures which are shown in FIG. 11 emerge vividly, particularly simplified. It's supposed to be here only the upper supporting structure can be described, because something comparable applies to the lower supporting structure.

11, the upper support structure 8o is on a pot 68 attached, which is pushed from below onto the upper hollow shaft 9o is and on this with the help of a single, centric Bolt 69 is attached. The pot 68 has one Connection 70 for the connecting line 66, which with a Cross bore 71 in the hollow shaft 9o is aligned to the connecting line 66 to connect to the interior of the hollow shaft 9o. After loosening the single screw bolt 69, the Pot 68 with the supporting structure 8o attached to it from the hollow shaft 9o solve.

In order to detach a filter candle 7o from its consoles, it is yours Screw socket 55 from the threaded hole in the head console 57 unscrew. A tool can be used on the hexagon 56 for this purpose can be scheduled. By unscrewing it approaches the foot of the filter candle of the foot console 49 so far that the widened foot 52 from the slotted bore 53 of the foot console slides so that the constriction 51 through the slot 54 in the foot console can be pushed, see in this context in particular Fig. 5.

As already highlighted, it is essential for the achievement of The aim of the invention essential that the discontinuation of solid particles on the surfaces of the filter cartridges is prevented as best as possible. This requires intensive Flow around the filter cartridges through the turbidity. In cooperation with a suitably chosen speed of the hollow shafts, of which the filter candles are set in motion to achieve suitable flow conditions on the surfaces of the filter cartridges also the mutual distance of the filter cartridges from Meaning because there is a gap between adjacent filter cartridges is trained, which has the effect of a nozzle. The setting the width of this gap is therefore important depends on the position of the respective filter candle, i.e. if the filter candle in the boiler radially further inwards or radially sitting further out, on the type of turbidity and on the speed, with which the filter candles rotate around the boiler axis. To the Filter device can be used for a wide variety of purposes to make and accordingly the gap widths between To be able to adjust neighboring filter cartridges is according to the Invention provided a holder of the filter candle on their consoles, which it allows by twisting in on the consoles trained holes the surface distance of the filter cartridges to change within the subgroup. In the simplest way this can be accomplished if the assembly spigot and Screw connectors of the filter cartridges attached asymmetrically to these as shown in FIG. 5.

For the adjustable assembly described above of filter cartridges, which has central holders according to an embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 13 is for mounting the filter cartridges on the brackets specified a solution using cranked connectors. A connecting member corresponding to the mounting piece 50 of FIG. 6 72 is attached to a perforated flange ring by means of a bolt screwed to the ring-shaped carrier 63 is attached, while the screw socket 55 of FIG. 5th corresponding connector 73 is hollow and ends in one a hole in the filter cartridge is inserted and at the other end has a stuffing box connection 74 with a union nut 75. It goes without saying that in this case the head console is included matching threaded connector must be provided.

Another alternative shown in Fig. 14 looks lateral connections at the foot and head of the filter candle 7o or 7u in front. The head of the filter candle is at an angle Ring tube 64 screwed, and an angular is on the side of the head Connection fitting 73, which is comparable to the Embodiment according to FIG. 13 in an opening in the ring tube Stuffing box connection 74 ends and a union nut 75 carries.

For practical operation, due to the proximity of the centers comparatively large flow rate per cross-sectional unit the slit widths are caused in the cloudy between the filter cartridges of a sub-group set larger, than the filter candles, which are radially further out are arranged.

The hollow shafts with the support structures attached to them including the turbines and the filter candles are each other driven in opposite directions to avoid that a Movement is caused, the filter candles more or follows less evenly, so that there is no relative movement between would give the filter candles. It is also advantageous if baffle 76 on the inner wall of the boiler jacket (see Fig. 3) are formed, one with the rotating filter candles disturb the accompanying flow of the turbidity and thus to turbulence contribute within the filter device.

For the optimal setting of the gap widths between filter cartridges it is also advantageous if the gap widths between the filter candles of neighboring subgroups can be. This requires the consoles to be on their carriers or ring tubes are attached so that they are in different Angular positions are brought and fastened in this can.

15 shows such a solution in which the head console 57 carries a threaded connector 77, in which a fixed to the ring tube 58, immerses a cone 79 carrying a worm nut 78, which is sealed in the threaded connector 77 by an O-ring 80 is. The head console can be loosened by loosening the union nut 78 57 to any angular position and then through Tighten the union nut 78. It goes without saying that the associated foot bracket 49 must be rotatable accordingly. In this regard, reference is made to Fig. 5, which shows that the Foot bracket 49 by means of a threaded bolt 81 on the support 74 it is determined that they are rotated to any angular position can be.

It is understood that a principle of assembly of the consoles, as for the head console in FIG. 15 and the foot console in FIG. 5 described, also applied to the embodiment according to FIG. 9 can be there to put the elongated brackets on their supports or twist ring tubes and in the selected rotary position to be able to determine.

16a to 23 show different embodiments of FIG Filter candles from the side and in cross section. Allen is common that the connections are arranged eccentrically are. The connections could also be in the candle axis be arranged, the remaining shape of the candle not affected by this.

16a, the filter candle has several on its circumference helical grooves 82, from elongated bores 83 in the Guide the interior of the filter candle. The filter candle is for that determined to be coated by a filter medium which in 16a is not shown. This filter medium is a rectangular cloth with its axially parallel edges in a groove 84 the filter candle are to be inserted, the surface parallel to the axis the filter candle is formed. After inserting the Edges of the filter cloth in the groove, the groove is replaced by a Filler closed on the edges of the filter cloth presses.

16a, 16b is the jacket wall the filter candle is relatively thin-walled because it is only by comparison few holes 83 is weakened.

17a, 17b are in the jacket wall the filter candle has a plurality of slots 90, which run parallel to the axis. For reasons of stability is at this embodiment, the jacket wall compared to the embodiment 16a, 16b made thicker, as a comparison 17b and 16b.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 18a, 18b, the filter candle body is relatively solid, he has a comparative small cavity inside, in which a variety of Slits 90 open, the filtrate under the filter cloth (not shown) from the surface of the filter candle.

The attachment and mounting of filter cloths on the filter candles FIG. 19 shows various embodiments until 23.

The head part 91 of a filter candle can be recognized in FIG. 19 which is a substantially cylindrical sieve 92 as a carrier for a filter cloth 93 is attached. The filter cloth 93 is for example a stocking, over the one located on the head part 91 End of an elastomer bandage 94 is pulled, which means metal clamps 95 is fixed. An additional Sealing with adhesive or sealing compounds is possible.

The arrangement in the area of the foot part of the filter candle is comparable, so that the explanation is not repeated can be.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 20 there is an elastomer cap 96 over the head part 91 of the filter candle and over the edge area of the filter cloth 93 put over and in the edge region of the filter cloth fixed by means of a clamp 95. In addition can again sealing by adhesive or sealing compounds. A corresponding design also applies to the base of the filter candle.

21 is a plastic cap 97 over the head part 91 of the filter candle and the one located there Edge area of the filter cloth 93 turned over. Is frontal the plastic coupling 97 held by a clamping nut 98 and sealed by an elastomer washer 99. It is radial Plastic cap 97 through an adhesive and sealant in one Sealed annular gap 100, the over the edge of the filter cloth 93rd lies and to which an inlet bore 101 and a diametrical lead opposite outlet bore 102 through which the adhesive and Sealant can be injected into the annular gap 100. A clamp 95 serves to additionally secure the Plastic cap 97.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 22, the head part 91 is included the sieve 92 and filter cloth 93 from one attached metal support ring 103 surrounded between and the circumference the head part 91 and the edge region of the filter cloth 93 itself there is an inflatable body 104, the interior 105 of which via a externally led connection piece 106 pneumatic or can be hydraulically pressurized. The inflatable body is supported on the metal support ring 103 and presses the Edge area of the filter cloth 92 against the head part 91 of the filter candle. In addition there is a seal with adhesive or Sealants possible.

The embodiment according to FIG. 23 shows a two-part metal cap 103a and 103b with thread, which over the head part 91 of the Filter candle are put up and there comparable to the embodiment 21 secured with tension nut 98 and elastomer ring 99 is sealed.

The two parts 103a and 103b of the metal cap are screwed together, and in between are shown in the Example two elastomer rings 107, which are screwed together the clamping rings between these are pressed wide and one Form a seal or against the edge region of the filter cloth 93 to press. Additional sealing with adhesive or sealing compounds is also possible in this embodiment.

As already explained using the example of FIG. 19, all are Embodiments of the connections on the foot parts of the filter cartridges comparable training.

It can be seen in all embodiments that by loosening the Clamping rings or the pneumatic or hydraulic pressure or the threaded screw connection is possible, the edge area of the To make filter cloth accessible so that the filter cloth from the Filter candle can be loosened and replaced.

According to a development of the invention, which is shown in FIGS. 24a and 24b, boiler 204 does not consist of two Parts, as shown in Fig. 1, but from three parts, and an upper head shell 204o, a lower head shell 204u and a cylindrical one arranged between them Shell part 204m, the flanges 205o and 205u with the upper and lower head shells 204o and 204u.

As shown in FIGS. 24a and 24b, one can with unchanged Head shells 204o and 204u for the jacket part 204m different Choose axial lengths, where the axial lengths of the Filter elements in the boiler 204 must be adjusted accordingly. On in this way it is possible by means of a modular construction Filter devices of different performances too create, with the majority of the constructive elements All performance variables are unchangeable and the adaptation to the desired performance with the help of relatively easy to adapt Components, namely the jacket part 204m and the filter elements, he follows. 24a shows a boiler as an example 204 with a relatively short jacket part 204m, while Fig. 24b as an alternative example a boiler 204 with a relative shows long coat part. On the explanation of further details can be omitted here. Please refer to the description to the previous figures.

25 shows an embodiment of the filter device, at the filter elements are not made of cylindrical filter cartridges exist, as in the previously explained embodiments, but from a stack on a common support tube with mutual Distance between filter disks 307o and 307u. The the Support tubes holding the filter discs 308o and 308u are comparable the previous examples of consoles held, which in turn on the ring tubes already described are attached. In this regard, avoid repetitions a detailed explanation is dispensed with, however, the filter discs deserve a precise description. This is to be given with reference to FIGS. 27 and 28.

A schematic radial sectional view of the filter element arrangement 25 with one part within the filter device of FIG the supporting structure is shown in FIG. 26.

Each filter element consists of a stack of filter discs, 27 of which two filter disks 307o are shown are. The filter disks 307o of a stack are of one Support tube 308o held, with spacers 309 and sealing rings 310 are inserted, the adjacent filter disks 307o keep at a distance. The filter discs 307o have each have a hollow interior 311 (see also FIG. 27) on, which by at least one associated breakthrough 312 in Support tube 308o is drained into this. The support tubes are at one end over the support bracket holding them completely comparable to the filter candles already described dewatered, see also Fig. 27, upper section of the Drawing.

28 shows a possible embodiment of the interior Construction of the filter discs 307o or 307u. In the embodiment 28 shows two close-meshed lattice structures 313 from a coarse-mesh lattice structure 314 to one another Kept clear. The close-meshed lattice structures 313 are covered on their surface by filter cloths 316, the edge the filter disc on an axially separable clamping ring 315, 317 are held under clamping of O-rings 318. The Parts 315 and 317 of the clamping ring have an elastic circumferential closure on to the clamping ring to exchange the To be able to open filter cloths 316. Near the support tube 308o or 308u are the filter cloths 316 due to the O-rings already mentioned 310 captured and sealed.

A rigid, porous, disc-shaped hollow body are used on the edge the filter cloths are fixed by a potting compound that a cavity between a ring and the edge of the hollow body fills out. It is also possible to form the filter cloth in one piece, so that the top and bottom of a rigid, porous, disc-shaped hollow body covers, so that an attachment of the filter cloth only in the area of the support tube is.

The construction with filter discs has the advantage that a Sub-group filter elements so close together can be mounted that in the presence of a mutual axial offset the filter discs of the one filter element into the gaps between the filter disks penetrate the adjacent filter cartridge. This is in FIG. 25 and 26 clearly recognizable.

As shown in Fig. 29a, this has the consequence that the free cross section that one of these filter element sub-group incoming flow finds itself from a large cross section towards the overlap area of the filter discs narrowed to a small cross-section and then enlarged again. A nozzle effect is thus obtained for the Turbid flow within the filter candle sub-group. This The effect of the nozzle and the associated reduction in pressure cause turbidity into the subgroup and improves the overflow of the Filter surfaces.

It is understood that the mutual spacing of the filter elements also in this embodiment comparable to the examples 1 to 24 can be set up to make adjustments to enable working conditions.

It is also possible, as FIG. 29b also shows, by twisting of the brackets on their supporting structure and - because of the cranking of the Holding the ends of the support tubes 309o or 309u - by twisting the filter elements on their brackets the distance the filter element groups have to change from each other. The Fig. 29b shows solid lines an arrangement that one wide space Z results, and in dashed lines Lines an arrangement that a narrow space z to Consequence. You can also in the circumferential direction of the space seen alternating distances to provide the pulsation effect within the cloudiness that runs through the mutual of the filter element groups results to vary, in particular to reinforce.

Fig. 26 also shows that the very narrow filter elements, quasi interpenetrating, together each form a kind of cage, except for the gaps between the filter discs is closed on its circumference. This has the consequence that the axially pumped by the turbines Turbid currents a pressure difference between the center of the Filter element arrangement and its periphery generate that degrades over the cage structures. This pressure difference creates a dynamic pressure on the filter discs, which the filtrate (permeate) pushes through the membranes without requiring to put the turbidity under a hydrostatic pressure. This applies accordingly to embodiments with cylindrical Filter cartridges.

A variant of the embodiment of FIGS. 25 to 28 is shown in FIG Fig. 30 shown. With her are the filter discs 307o and 307u each at an angle of inclination with respect to the axis of the respective support tube 308o or 308u, respectively with alternating positive and negative angles of inclination, whereby these angles of inclination all with respect to a common one Axial plane are defined. This means that two neighboring ones Filter discs form a gap between them, which is from an edge point of the filter disks lying in this axial plane to a diametrically opposite edge point of the same Filter disc narrowed. The one on both sides of a filter disc neighboring filter disks are thus mutually exclusive parallel.

The angles of inclination can be selected differently. she are in the illustrated embodiment for the filter discs 307u, which are closer to the axis of rotation (not shown) larger, i.e. deviate more from the perpendicular to the support tube axis Arrangement from than the distant axis Filter discs 307o. This will make the different Radial components within the turbid flow caused by the Turbines (not shown) are invoiced carried.

Furthermore, the filter elements of a subgroup can be used as for Example of Fig. 25 can be arranged so that the filter discs two filter elements overlap each other, the arrangement is taken so that it can be seen from the pipe axis mutually approaching sections of second upstream filter disks a filter candle in the space between those seen from the pipe axis that are distant from each other Sections of two filter discs of the neighboring, downstream Immerse the filter candle. In Fig. 30 this is very much illustrated clearly. This creates a nozzle effect generates the turbidity in the column that downstream located filter discs with the upstream Form filter discs. Upstream they are radially wider internally arranged filter cartridges, while the downstream are filter candles arranged radially further outward.

The orientation of the openings, each two filter discs form, can be such that these are directed into the circulation center are, but you can also choose the orientation so that the through the circulation of the filter element groups around the circulation center generated inflow with turbidity in the narrowing gap occurs between two filter disks, i.e. the filter discs are twisted in relation to the aforementioned orientation. The Choice of setting depends on the type of turbidity and the circulation speeds of the filter element groups determined thereby and the strength of the pump flow.

Another variant is shown in FIG. 31. 31 are on a support tube 508 radially protruding holding tubes 506 attached via connection brackets 573. On every holding tube 506 is a packet of filter disks arranged parallel to one another 507 attached, in the manner of the filter disks of FIG. 27 and 28 can be executed. Comparable to the embodiment 27, these filter disks 507 are at a distance held and sealed to the holding tube 506. The filter discs 507 are over the support tubes 506 and connection brackets 573 drained into the support tube 508, which in turn over the Support structure is drained. A middle support tube rotates in the axis of rotation of the support structure, the other support tubes run on circular orbits around this axis.

Due to the connection brackets 573, the holding tubes can be Adjust 506 on the support tubes 508 so that two neighboring ones Filter element pairs, each consisting of two packets of filter discs 507 exist on their associated support tubes 506, in mutual Distance can be changed. It is also possible to provide the individual packages with cranked feet and heads. Then the two packages of a pair can be in mutual Distance can be adjusted.

With the help of FIGS. 32 to 34 it is to be shown how a Plant according to the invention for performing the method to save space be housed in an enclosing housing can.

32 shows the front side of the housing 108 with viewing windows 109 and a display and control panel 110.

Fig. 33 shows the housing from the side in the open state. one recognizes the filter device 1 and press dryer 2 existing system.

34 shows a view into the housing 108 from above. Laterally and offset relative to the filter device 1 relative to the front Large volume, the press dryer 2 is relatively small Volume, and you can also see boxes 111 that the Inclusion of electrical and electronic switching and control equipment to serve.

The completely new filter element designs specified by the invention 25-34 allow filtering devices to realize that without a hydrostatic Pressure are operational as that is for filtering a slurry required pressure drop across the filter media only through the flows caused by the movement of the filter elements is produced.

Therefore, it is according to the embodiment of a filter device 35 and 36 possible a filter unit with moving Filter elements in an open tank or pit or The like. Immerse and without pressurizing the cloudy or external negative pressure generation on the filtrate side a pressure difference build up on the filter media that is sufficient to to generate a filtering process. It is through the to the Cross-flow prevailing filter media prevents the Fill the pores of the filter media early with solid particles.

35 consists of a central one Hollow shaft 601, which is rotatably mounted on an upper support beam 602 is. Below and close to the support beam 602 an upper cross member 603 is rotatably mounted on the hollow shaft 601, which has its own hydraulic drive 604. The upper Cross member carries several first filter element sub-groups, which are arranged on at least one annulus and each of several, extending parallel to the hollow shaft 601 Filter elements exist that are constructed in the manner of FIG. 30 are, i.e. they each consist of a stack of filter disks 607, which alternate positive and negative directions are inclined with respect to a support tube 608 holding them. The Support tubes of a filter element sub-group are on their upper one End connected to a common head console 606, the is attached to the upper cross member 603. On the cross member 603 ends facing away from the support tubes 608 to several each attached to a foot bracket 609. The foot brackets 609 are hollow and stand with the interiors of those attached to them Support tubes 608 in fluid communication.

The foot brackets 609 are on a common ring tube 664 appropriate. The interior of this ring tube 664 is over a Connecting pipe 666 connected to an upper bearing bush 610, to which the upper cross member 603 is attached and that of the hydraulic drive 604 can be driven. Over the bearing bush 610 and a rotary coupling are the interior of all filter disks 607 connected to a common outlet 642.

The upper cross member 603 is provided with turbine blades, which when the upper cross member rotates one axially downwards cause directed flow in the turbidity into which the filter unit is immersed, see Fig. 36 above.

At the lower end of the hollow shaft 601 is a lower cross member 611 non-rotatably attached. This carries several second filter element sub-groups, which on at least a second, to are arranged first concentric annulus and each a plurality of filter elements extending parallel to the hollow shaft 601 exist, which are also constructed in the manner of FIG. 30 are.

The second annulus has larger ones in the example shown Diameter than the first annulus, and the angles that Adjacent filter disks of the filter elements concerned between include themselves are smaller than the corresponding ones Angle between the filter disks at the filter elements that are arranged on the first annulus.

At the ends facing away from the lower cross member 611 are the Support tubes 608u of the filter disks over consoles with a common ring tube 648 connected.

The interior of the ring tube 648 is at least via a connecting tube 660 in the area of the mounting location of the lower Cross member 611 connected to the interior of the hollow shaft 601, the one at the top of the same on a rotary coupling 613 Has outlet 614.

The lower cross member 611 is also provided with turbine blades, which when the lower cross member 611 rotates axially cause upward flow in the turbidity into which the filter unit is immersed, cf. Fig. 36 below. The Hollow shaft 601 has its own drive that turns it around a direction opposite to the upper cross member in Rotation offset.

It should be emphasized at this point that the filter elements too 27 and 28 can be constructed, which in Fig. 35 to the left of the hollow shaft is indicated schematically. Also can then be the distance between the Filter elements in the manner of FIGS. 25 to 29 can be selected.

In operation, which is to be explained with reference to FIG. 36 in the turbidity to be filtered caused by the turbines currents, that in the center of the filter unit centrally from above are directed downwards and from the bottom upwards. These currents meet in the middle of the longitudinal extension of the hollow shaft towards each other and therefore dodge to the outside, passing through the filter elements run radially outwards. This Current is superimposed on a current flowing through the circulation the filter elements is caused on these. Doing so however, the turbidity does not substantially turn that it follows the circulation of the filter elements, rather one such an annular flow in the direction of rotation of the hollow shaft slowed down by the fact that they are concentric Circles moving filter elements in opposite to each other Turn direction.

The generated currents call up back pressure at the filter media that result in filtrate in the filter elements entry. Because the filter elements of the different groups of filter elements approach each other cyclically and away from each other, pulsations occur in the Flow, which is a settling of solids at the back pressure affected areas of the filter media can be prevented.

As shown in Fig. 36, one can in during the filtration process the turbidity also introduce gas, in particular compressed air, around the Favor filtering process. In Fig. 36 this is through two compressed air outlet openings 650 are shown.

The thickened by the filter device according to FIGS. 35 and 36 Turbid can then be processed in a press dryer in other words, the device according to FIG. 35 and 36 can be combined to form a system comparable to FIG. 1, however, other processing options are also available thickened cloudy.

Claims (61)

Process for separating solids from a slurry with the following steps: a) the slurry is introduced into a filter device and concentrated there under pressure and intensive movement to a predetermined solids content, while the filtrate filtered out of the slurry is drained off and the filter device is kept continuously in the filled state by adding slurry, b) the concentrated slurry is removed in batches from the filter device and transferred to a press chamber in which the batch removed in each case is dewatered by mechanical pressing, c) the press cake formed by dewatering in the press chamber is mechanically crushed and excreted from the processing operation. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Press cake parts created by mechanical crushing first swirled and dried in the floating state and only then and possibly after further comminution from the processing operation be eliminated. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the slurry is mechanically moved in the filter device. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that in the filter device a relative movement between filter elements and the turbidity by a circular movement the filter elements is caused. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in the press chamber from the press cake Squeezed liquid is returned to the filter device becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the press cake parts during the drying process Heat is supplied. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the Press cake parts during drying process waste heat from the filter process is fed. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that for the heating of the press cake parts heated heated filtrate becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the concentrated cloudiness before insertion is conditioned into the bale chamber with a supplement, the mechanical extrusion ability of the concentrated Hazy favors. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the press cake parts during the drying process be exposed to negative pressure. Process for separating solids from a Cloudy with the help of a filter device with filter membranes, characterized in that for the passage of the filtrate through the filter membranes required pressure difference over the Filter membranes is applied by a dynamic pressure that by flow against the filter membranes with the one to be filtered Turbidity is generated. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the Inflow to the filter membranes at least by movement of the membrane-bearing filter elements generated by the turbidity becomes. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the Back pressure at least by one in the turbidity to be filtered generated pump flow is generated. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized characterized that the flow locally by Venturi effect is accelerated between adjacent filter elements. Plant for separating solids from a slurry, containing the following components: a) a filter device (1) consisting of a vessel (4) with at least two filter element groups (7o, 7u) arranged in the cloud chamber (14) enclosed by it and rotating in opposite directions about a common axis on different radii, the hollow shafts (9o , 9u) are drained to the outside to a filtrate outlet (42), and two rotating turbines (11o, 11u) arranged in the region of the ends of the filter element groups in the vessel (4) to generate a pump flow in the slurry, b) a device (12, 13) for feeding slurry into the vessel (4), c) a press chamber (16) with an axially movably mounted plunger (24) which is connected to a transfer line (3) connected to the slurry chamber (14) of the vessel (4) for supplying concentrated slurry from the filter device (1) , at least one ejecting device (33) for crushing and ejecting presscake formed in the press chamber (16) from the press chamber (16), and with at least one outlet device (23) for squeezed liquid, and d) a connecting line (4) between the liquid outlet (23) of the press chamber (16) and the slurry chamber (14) of the filter device (1). Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that a swirl chamber (17) is provided which is connected to the press cake outlet (26) the press chamber (16) is connected and with it arranged means (18) for crushing and swirling of press cake parts, and an outlet (38) for dried Press cake parts and an outlet (36) for steam is. Installation according to claim 16, characterized in that the Vortex chamber (17) formed by a double-walled boiler (21u) and the space between the wall and the filtrate outlet (42) Filter device (1) is connected. Installation according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that that the press chamber (16) over the swirl chamber (17) with the same Axis is arranged and the press cake outlet (26) of the press chamber (16) leads directly into the swirl chamber (17). Installation according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that that the vessel is a pressure vessel (4) in which the Turbidity is kept under a hydrostatic pressure. Filter device, in particular for a plant Claim 15, with a vessel and at least two concentric therein arranged in opposite directions around a common axis rotating filter element groups each from parallel filter elements arranged to the circumferential axis, that of supporting structures are held, which are arranged on the circumferential axis Hollow shafts are attached through which drainage channels run outwards from the filter elements, characterized in that each filter element group consists of many Subgroups exist, each of at least two filter elements (7o; 7u) are formed, which are essentially cylindrical Shape with an asymmetrical to the axis of the filter element (7o; 7u) arranged assembly device (51.55; 72.73) have and fastened together on brackets (49) are, which in turn attached to the support structure (8o; 8u) are, with a drainage channel from the interior of each Filter element and the support structure into the hollow shaft (9o; 9u) extends outside the vessel (4) with a Filtrate outlet (42) is connected. Filter device according to claim 20, characterized in that the brackets (49) on the support structure (8o; 8u) can be pivoted and are set in preselected positions. Filter device according to one of claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the surface distance of two neighboring filter elements (7o; 7u) of a subgroup Choice of the rotary position on the console (49) in relation to the Rotation axis further radially inward arranged subgroups is set than when arranged radially further out Subgroups. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that on each support structure (8o; 8u) in Area of the front ends of the filter elements of a turbine (11o; 11u) for generating a centrally directed pump flow is attached and the filter element groups together in each case Enclose spaces in which the turbines (11o; 11u) the turbidity in Pump in in the axial direction. Filter device according to claim 23, characterized in that the turbine (11o; 11u) several of the revolving axis has radially extending wings, each of several consist essentially of flat limbs that oppose one the radially innermost wing-bearing hub (68) and each other are rotatable and fixed in selected positions. Filter device according to one of claims 23 and 24, characterized in that the turbines (11o; 11u) each part the support structures (8o; 8u) holding the filter element groups are. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the vessel is a kettle (204) which from an upper head shell (204o), a lower head shell (204u) and one located between the edges of the head shells cylindrical jacket part (204m), which with the Head shells (204, o204u) using upper and lower flanges (205o, 205u) is detachably connected. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the vessel is a boiler (4) which consists of an upper and a lower shell (4o, 4u), the approximately in the middle of the boiler height using the shells (4o, 4u) trained flanges (5o, 5u) are detachably assembled, that the hollow shaft (9o) and the supporting structure connected to it (8o) with filter elements (7o) of the one filter element group one shell (4o) is mounted and the hollow shaft (9u) and the associated support structure (8u) with filter elements (7u) of the other filter element group on the other shell (4u) is stored, and that in the assembled state of the shells (4o, 4u) the filter element groups are immersed concentrically, but are completely independent of each other. Filter device according to one of claims 26 and 27, characterized in that the end walls (6o, 6u) of the boiler (4) are lenticularly bulged outwards. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 28, characterized in that the diameter of the boiler (4) is about 1.3 times the height of its jacket wall. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that the filter elements filter candles 7o, 7u). Filter device according to claim 30, characterized in that each filter candle (7o, 7u) from a hollow, cylindrical Body, one with a hollow at one end Screw connection (55) with sealing ring provided head (91) and at its other end, one with a fitting (50) Has foot, the cylindrical body with several, openings (83, 90) penetrating its wall and covered with a filter cloth (93) attached to the head (91) and is sealed to the foot. Filter device according to claim 31, characterized in that the filter cloths are stockings on the head and foot of the Filter candles by means of tension clamps that cross their edges (95; 103) are attached. Filter device according to claim 31, characterized in that between each edge of the filter cloth (93) and the Tension clamp (103) an inflatable tube body (104) is located in the inflated state on the clamp (103) supports and presses against the filter cloth (93). Filter device according to claim 31, characterized in that the filter candles each have an axially extending groove (84), in the two opposite edges a filter cloth wrapped around the cylindrical body (92) (93) are inserted, and that in the groove (84) further one Sealing strip is used that covers the edges of the filter cloth presses against the groove walls. Filter device according to claim 34, characterized in that the sealing strip adjoins the filter cloth edges Has thighs under the influence of on the Sealing strip acting hydrostatic pressure against the filter cloth edges are pressed. Filter device according to one of claims 34 and 35, characterized in that the groove base with the interior of the Filter cartridge is in fluid communication. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that each filter element from a support tube (308o; 308u) and a packet on top of each other attached filter discs (307o; 307u). Filter device according to claim 37, characterized in that the filter discs (307o; 307u) are all parallel to each other are. Filter device according to claim 37, characterized in that the filter discs (307o; 307u) along the support tube (308; 308u) an alternating positive and negative tendency towards have a vertical on the tube axis, two each a filter disc adjacent to both sides of the filter disc are parallel to each other. Filter device according to claim 39, characterized in that that the enclosed between two filter discs (307o; 307u) Angle with filter elements arranged radially further out is smaller than with filter elements arranged radially further inside. Filter device according to one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that the filter elements of a sub-group are so close together that the filter discs (307o; 307u) of different filter elements while maintaining a mutual axial distance radially overlap each other. Filter device according to one of claims 31 to 41, characterized in that the heads (91) of the filter cartridges a sub-group held in a hollow head console (57) are, the head consoles (57) of all subgroups on a ring tube (58; 59) are attached, and at least one connecting tube (61; 66) is present, which the interior of the ring tube (58; 59) with the interior of the hollow shaft (9o; 9u) connects to a Fluid connection from the interior of each filter cartridge to the hollow shaft to set up. Filter device according to claim 42, characterized in that the support structure (8o; 8u) is at least partially hollow and with the hollow head console (57) and the hollow shaft (9o; 9u) is in fluid communication. Filter device according to claim 42, characterized in that the ring tube (58; 59) with the support structure (8o; 8u) by means of at least one pipeline (65) is connected. Filter device according to one of claims 31 to 44, characterized in that the screw connection (55) and the Mounting socket (50) of the filter cartridges (7o; 7u) on the same axis each eccentric with respect to the axis of the filter cartridge (7o; 7u) are arranged. Filter device according to one of claims 31 to 45, characterized in that the screw connection (55) and the Assembly socket (50) of the filter candles (7o; 7u) each centrally are arranged with respect to the axis of the filter candle (7o; 7u) and each with angled connecting links (72, 73) are held. Filter device according to one of claims 31 to 45, characterized in that there is a screw connection and a fitting radially in the same direction from the filter cartridge extend and the connecting links (72.73) 90 ° elbows are. Filter device according to one of claims 26 to 47, characterized in that on the jacket wall of the boiler (4) Flow disruptors (76) are attached. Filter device according to one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that several in Support tubes (408; 508) arranged in a circumferential direction are attached are on each of which several perpendicular to the support tube axis protruding filter elements (407; 506.507) attached are. Filter device according to claim 49, characterized in that the filter elements are filter cartridges (407). Filter device according to claim 49, characterized in that the filter elements each from a rod on a holding tube (506) filter disks fixed at a mutual distance (507) exist, the filtrate chambers through the holding tube (506) and the support tube (508) is drained through, the Holding tube (506) extends vertically to the support tube (508). Filter device according to one of claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the mutual spacing of the filter elements (407; 506.507) by twisting a cranked connecting pipe (473; 573) between each filter element (407; 506.507) and the support tube (408; 508) is adjustable. Press dryer for concentrated slurry, in particular for a plant according to claim 15, consisting of an upright, cylindrical vessel (21) with an upper part (21o) and a lower part (21u) with the following features: a) Upper part (21o) and lower part (21u) are separated from one another by a fixed transverse wall (22), between the outer circumference and the boiler wall of which an annular gap (26) is formed, and which carries a sieve (28) on its upper side a chamber is formed which is drained to the outside through an outlet line (23), b) the upper part (21o) is closed by a bell which is open at the bottom and has a cylindrical interior, the diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the transverse wall (22) and which has an outer collar (25), the outer diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the upper part (21o) , ba) the bell (24) has a slurry inlet (3), bb) the bell (24) between a filling position in which its edge collar (25) closes the annular gap (26) between the transverse wall (22) and the inner wall of the upper part (21o), a lowered pressing position in which the between the transverse wall (22) and the bell bottom (30) enclosed space is minimal, and a raised emptying position, in which the annular gap (26) is open, axially adjustable within the upper part (21o); bc) above the sieve (28) there is a clearing device (33) which can be driven in rotation by means of a motor (34) arranged below the transverse wall (22) and a shaft (35) penetrating through the transverse wall (22), c) a swirl chamber (17) is formed in the lower part (21u), which adjoins the annular gap (26) and which has a gas outlet (36) and has a solids outlet which can be closed by a movable cover (38), ca) in the swirl chamber (17) there is a circumferential ventilation and stirring tool provided with a plurality of radially extended wings (18) and driven by a shaft (19) penetrating the bottom of the lower part (21u), cb) on the shaft (19) of the ventilation and stirring tool, a broaching tool (40) is attached, which strokes the floor of the swirl chamber (17). Press dryer according to claim 53, characterized in that the walls of the vortex chamber (17) are heated. Press dryer according to claim 54, characterized in that the walls of the vortex chamber (17) are hollow and one Heating fluid is flowed through. Press dryer according to one of claims 53 to 55, characterized characterized in that wall scrapers (46) are attached to some of the wings (18) of the ventilation and stirring tool. Press dryer according to one of claims 53 to 56, characterized characterized in that the vortex chamber (17) is at a negative pressure generating device (37) is connected. Press dryer according to one of claims 53 to 57, characterized characterized in that in the bell (24) adjacent to the bell bottom (30) a sieve (31) is arranged which is a dewatering chamber (32) bounded by the bell bottom (30) is drained to the outside. Presstockner according to claim 58, characterized in that on the side of the pressing chamber (16) near the Bell bottom (30) arranged sieve (31) a drivable Clearing tool (33) is arranged. Press dryer according to one of claims 53 to 59, characterized characterized in that in the swirl chamber (17) a heat radiator device (77) is arranged. Press dryer according to one of claims 48 to 60, characterized characterized in that a UV radiation source in the swirl chamber (17) is arranged.

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