EP0948708A1 - Method of operating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method of operating an internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- EP0948708A1 EP0948708A1 EP97910441A EP97910441A EP0948708A1 EP 0948708 A1 EP0948708 A1 EP 0948708A1 EP 97910441 A EP97910441 A EP 97910441A EP 97910441 A EP97910441 A EP 97910441A EP 0948708 A1 EP0948708 A1 EP 0948708A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- trough
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- piston
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
- F02B17/005—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders having direct injection in the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B23/101—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on or close to the cylinder centre axis, e.g. with mixture formation using spray guided concepts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/26—Pistons having combustion chamber in piston head
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/04—Pumps peculiar thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/102—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the spark plug being placed offset the cylinder centre axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/108—Swirl flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is vertical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
- F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 10.
- Such an internal combustion engine is known from EP 0 463 613 AI.
- it has a combustion chamber which is delimited by a cylinder, a piston which can be moved up and down and a cylinder head.
- At least one intake and one exhaust valve are arranged in the cylinder head.
- an injection nozzle opens into the combustion chamber immediately next to the intake valve and can inject fuel into the combustion chamber at a flat angle.
- the central part of the cylinder head is extended down into the combustion chamber. In this central area, a spark plug is vertically attached, which projects with its ignition electrodes into the combustion chamber.
- the piston At top dead center TDC, the piston is in its maximum upper position and is arranged with its piston head directly on the cylinder head.
- the piston crown In the area of the spark plug, the piston crown has a small, shell-shaped recess which surrounds the ignition electrodes of the spark plug at the top dead center of the piston.
- a bowl-shaped depression is introduced into the piston crown. The depression extends from the injection nozzle to the recess in the piston crown, in which protrude the ignition electrodes.
- this internal combustion engine is operated with a low load, a small amount of fuel is injected into the depression of the piston crown, the injected fuel being directed along the spherical depression bottom into the area of the recess or spark plugs.
- a relatively highly enriched, ignitable mixture thus accumulates in the area of the spark plug.
- a first amount of fuel is injected shortly after the piston has reached bottom dead center UT.
- the first quantity of fuel is mixed with the intake air to form a lean fuel / air mixture.
- a second quantity of fuel is injected when the piston is approximately halfway between top and bottom dead center, so that the fuel strikes the depression approximately perpendicularly and only a small part of it collects in the recess.
- the previously sprayed-off fuel / air mixture is enriched in the region of the recess to form an ignitable mixture which can be ignited by the spark plug.
- This internal combustion engine therefore operates at high loads according to the so-called charge stratification principle, after different areas with differently rich fuel / air mixtures are formed in the combustion chamber, the area around the spark plug preferably being richer and thus more ignitable than the other areas.
- the charge stratification by double injection mainly serves to operate lean-burn engines.
- an internal combustion engine with a fuel injection control system which generates a stratified charge in a medium load range by injecting fuel in two stages.
- a first amount of fuel is injected at an early stage and mixes with the intake air to form a lean fuel / air mixture.
- a second amount of fuel is in the range of shortly before the ignition point Spark plug injected and ignited. The second quantity of fuel serves as an ignition aid for igniting the lean fuel / air mixture.
- this internal combustion engine is operated with a homogeneous charge distribution.
- the invention has for its object to obtain a simple method for operating an internal combustion engine by means of charge stratification, which is particularly suitable for two-stroke internal combustion engines.
- the invention is also based on the object of providing an internal combustion engine in which charge stratification can be effected effectively and in a simple manner and which has very good running properties with the smallest as well as with the medium engine loads.
- a fuel jet is injected into an internal combustion engine with an injection nozzle into a combustion chamber, which is directed at a steep angle onto a piston crown, a trough being formed in the region of the piston crown on which the fuel jet strikes, so that the fuel flows into the combustion chamber is reflected back.
- This reflection of the fuel creates an area in the combustion chamber with a certain fuel / air ratio.
- the fuel / air ratio in this area differs from the rest of the combustion chamber in that the fuel is indirectly introduced by the fuel jet. In this way, a targeted inhomogeneous charge distribution and thus a desired charge stratification is achieved with only a single fuel jet. A complex double injection is not necessary.
- FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through a combustion chamber of a second exemplary embodiment of an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through a combustion chamber of a third exemplary embodiment of an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 4 is a top view of a piston used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3;
- Fig. 5 shows an injection pump in longitudinal section.
- the method according to the invention is applied to an internal combustion engine 1 which, in a manner known per se, has at least one cylinder 2 in which a piston 3 is movably arranged.
- the cylinder 2 is closed at the top by a cylinder head 4 till ⁇ .
- a combustion chamber 5 is delimited by an inner surface 6 of the cylinder 2, an inner surface 7 of the cylinder head 4 and a piston crown 8 of the piston 3.
- the inner surface 7 of the cylinder head 4 has in the center a dome-shaped or dome-shaped recess 9, which is followed by a flank area 10, which slopes outwards at a flat angle.
- a bore 11 for receiving a spark plug 12 and a bore 13 for receiving an injection nozzle 14 are made in the cylinder head 4.
- the bore 13 for the injection nozzle 14 is arranged approximately vertically in the cylinder head 4 or with a slight deviation from a vertical axis 15 of up to approximately 30 °, so that the injection nozzle 14 has a fuel jet 16 perpendicular with a slight inclination with respect to a perpendicular to the Piston base 8 standing axis 15 sprayed against the piston crown 8.
- the angle a between the axis 15 perpendicular to the piston crown 8 and a longitudinal axis of the bore 13 is in the range from 0 ° to 40 ° and is preferably approximately 10 ° to 20 °.
- the injection nozzle 13 is preferably designed such that the fuel jet 16 is sprayed off in the form of a cone, the cone angle ⁇ being approximately 15 ° to 40 °.
- the piston crown 8 is slightly convex, so that the edge area is adapted to the flank area 10 of the cylinder head 4. According to the invention, it has a trough 17.
- the trough 17 is arranged in the central region of the piston crown 8, in which the fuel jet 16 strikes the piston crown 8.
- the trough 17 has a flat trough bottom 18 which is delimited by a boundary wall 19 oriented perpendicular to the trough bottom 18. This boundary wall 19 forms a sharp edge 20 with the trough bottom 18.
- the spark plug 12 includes ignition electrodes 21 and is arranged so that it protrudes with its ignition electrodes 21 in the ejected in the form of a cone the fuel jet 16 in the Zylin ⁇
- the head 4, wherein the ignition electrodes 21 preferably touch the edge region of the fuel cone.
- a high-pressure injection device is used as the injection device.
- the injection device preferably works according to the energy storage principle and in particular according to the solid-state energy storage principle.
- Injection devices operating according to the energy storage principle are known, for example, from DE-PS 213 472, DE 41 06 015 AI and DE 42 06 817 C2.
- FIG. 5 shows an injection device operating according to the solid state principle. It is designed as a reciprocating piston pump 30 with an integrated stop valve, wherein it draws fuel from a fuel tank (not shown) on one side (arrow 28) and emits a brief fuel pulse to the injection nozzle 14 on the other side (arrow 29).
- a coil 37 is arranged in a cylindrical, multi-part housing 31 in an inner space 36 delimited by an outer jacket 32 and a cylindrical inner jacket 33 as well as an end wall 34 on the tank side and an end wall 35 on the pressure line side.
- the cylindrical inner space 36 of the housing 31 surrounded by the inner jacket 33 is divided into a tank-side and a pressure line-side inner region by a radially inwardly extending ring 38.
- an annular bead 39 of a piston 40 which is positively and firmly seated in this interior is set against the ring edge of the ring 38, the piston 40 reaching through the ring opening 41 of the ring 38 at a distance and projecting into the tank-side area of the interior 36.
- the piston 40 is penetrated by a through bore 42, which is expanded in the tank-side end region of the piston and supports a valve 43 there, which is pressed against the valve seat 45 by a coil spring 44 in the direction of the tank side for the closed position, and thus by the action of a valve seat 45 can be opened from the pressure of the tank.
- a pump cylinder 46 of the reciprocating piston pump is seated in a form-fitting and slidable manner 49 pressed in the inner circumference 36, with a valve stub 51 projecting beyond the end ring surface 50 projecting a little at a radial distance into the interior 36a, which is radially narrowed in this area, and the end line surface of the cylinder 46 on the pressure line side is arranged in the scan of ring 38 and thus a Movement space for the cylinder 46 is created.
- the cylinder 46 which is positively seated on the inner wall of the interior 36, has axially parallel, frontally open longitudinal grooves 52 in the lateral surface, the function of which is explained below.
- Valve socket 51 which supports itself against the inner wall of the bore 53a, extends through and projects into the narrowed interior 36a.
- a plate 56 is expediently fastened, which has holes 57, the function of which is explained below, the plunger stem 55 projecting a little further over the plate 56 and abutting the tank-side bottom surface 58 of the interior 36a.
- the push rod 55 is selected so long that the tappet disc of the restricted bore 56 from its valve Stitz, the pressure-line side opening 59 lifted 53a, so that a certain gap "X" ge ⁇ forms, is the meaning and purpose of which will be explained below.
- a coil spring 60 stabilizes this position of the plunger ⁇ valve in the illustrated rest position of the reciprocating pump, by the spring 60 being supported at one end on the end ring surface 50 of the cylinder 46 and at the other end against the plate 56.
- axially parallel bores 61 extend into the bottom wall and open into an axial valve chamber 62, in which a valve disk 65, which is pressed by a coil spring 64 in the tank direction against a valve seat 63 and which has grooves 66 that can be covered peripherally by the valve seat 63, is arranged that the valve can be opened by a pressure on the tank connection side against the load of the spring 64 and a passage from the valve chamber 62 to the bores 61 is created.
- the valve chamber 62 is connected to a fuel line leading to the fuel tank (not shown); a pressure line (not shown) is attached to the end wall 35 on the pressure line side or to an extended connecting piece of the inner wall 33, which leads to the spray valve.
- the arrows drawn in FIG. 5 indicate the path of the fuel.
- the reciprocating pump shown in FIG. 5 functions as follows: When the coil 37 is excited, the cylinder 46 is accelerated from the rest position shown in the direction of the pressure line almost without resistance, fuel from the interior 36 via the grooves 52 and the bore 53 or the tappet plate space flows towards the interior 36a. The accelerated movement ends abruptly with the impact of the valve seat 59 on the valve plate 54, so that the stored energy of the cylinder 46 is transmitted to the fuel located in the piston chamber. The valve 43 is opened and the pressure on the fuel in the bore 42 or in the pressure line is propagated, as a result of which fuel is sprayed out through the injection nozzle 14. If the excitation is not yet switched off, fuel is sprayed off as long as the cylinder 46 is moved.
- the tappet valve 54, 55 is taken along by the cylinder 46 and a negative pressure is created in the interior 36, 36a and in the bores 61 and that of the valve 65 delimited antechamber of the valve chamber 62, so that the valve 65 is opened.
- the fuel flows through the peripheral grooves 66 in the valve plate 54, the antechamber of the valve chamber 62, the bores 61 and the holes 57 in the plate 56 into the interior 36a and via the grooves 52 into the interior 36.
- the plunger stem 55 After the excitation has been switched off the cylinder is pressed back into its rest or initial position by the spring 47, the plunger stem 55 abutting the bottom wall 58 beforehand and the plunger valve being opened so that fuel passes through the space between the plunger stem and the bore 53a into the bore or the plunger plate antechamber 53 can flow.
- the valve 43 remains closed. It acts as a stand pressure valve and maintains a stand pressure in the fuel located in the fuel-filled space between the injection valve and the valve plate 54, which is, for example, higher than the vapor pressure of the liquid of the maximum occurring temperature, so that bubbles can be prevented.
- the fuel that spreads outwards on the bowl floor 18 is braked and reflected back into the combustion chamber 5 with little energy.
- the secondary fuel jet 16b thus forms a fuel cloud 70 standing above the central region of the piston head 8. Distributed in the fuel cloud 70 the fuel turns into fine particles and forms a homogeneous area with a certain air / fuel ratio.
- the primary fuel jet 16a Due to the high spray speed, a considerable proportion of the fuel in the primary fuel jet 16a atomizes very finely and mixes with the air in the combustion chamber 5.
- the main part of the sprayed fuel forms the conical core region of the fuel jet 16a, which in itself is used for ignition by the spark plug 12 is fat.
- the primary fuel jet 16a consists of fuel droplets of different sizes, the fuel / air ratio in the primary fuel jet 16a is only constant in the smallest partial areas. These partial areas, which each have different air / fuel ratios, flow through the spark gap at high speed between the ignition electrodes 21 of the spark plug 12 during the duration of a spark.
- the ignition duration of a spark is usually 1 to 2 ms.
- the duration of the ignition spark is preferably extended to 4 to 5 ms, so that reliable ignition can take place even under unfavorable operating conditions.
- the internal combustion engine is operated at lower loads than full load according to the invention with little or no throttling of the intake air, so that exhaust gases from the previous work cycle are completely expelled from the combustion chamber. As a result, there is always a much larger amount of air in the combustion chamber 5 than the amount of air required to generate the desired engine power. In extreme cases, the internal combustion engine can even be designed without a throttle valve or throttle valve.
- the performance of the engine is essentially determined by the per injection process injected fuel quantity set.
- the arrangement of the injection nozzle 13 and the dome-shaped or dome-shaped recess 9 are preferably designed such that neither the primary nor the secondary fuel jet 16a, 16b come into contact with the combustion chamber inner surfaces 6, 7.
- This first embodiment Example enables the operation of an internal combustion engine having stratified charge especially when ge ⁇ slightest loads because by the sharp edges defined trough 17 the speed of the reflected fuel is braked sharply and thus its spacious and homogeneous distribution in the combustion chamber 5 is avoided. This enables safe, fast and complete combustion, which is initiated at a very early point in time after the start of injection due to the flammability of the high-energy primary fuel jet at the ignition electrode.
- both the injection nozzle 14 and the spark plug 12 are arranged laterally offset from the vertical central axis 15 of the cylinder 2 and are separated from one another.
- a depression 73 is introduced, which is arranged in the area approximately below the injection nozzle 14.
- the trough 73 has an inclined trough bottom 74, which drops in the direction of the spark plug 12 and rises with a short, steep boundary wall 75 to the convex surface of the piston crown 8 at the edge region of the trough 73 facing the spark plug 12.
- the boundary wall 75 is arranged approximately at right angles to the trough bottom 74, the transition between the trough bottom 74 and the boundary wall 75 not being sharp-edged, but as a rounded portion 76.
- An imaginary, straight upward extension extends into the area of the ignition electrodes 21 of the spark plug 12.
- a fuel jet 16 is injected into the combustion chamber 5 or into the trough 73, it spreads out on the trough bottom 74, a portion of the fuel being deflected by the boundary wall 75 onto the ignition electrodes 21 of the spark plug 12 without being braked.
- the fuel thus squirts out of the recess 73 laterally in the direction of the spark plug 12 and forms the secondary fuel jet 16b.
- Understanding of the Absprit- zen of the secondary fuel jet 16b can this injection-molding with the lateral spraying of water verglei ⁇ surfaces when holding a spoon under a jet of water.
- the fuel impinging in the trough 73 is thus deflected essentially unchecked into the combustion chamber 5 in the direction of the spark plug 12 as a secondary fuel jet 16b.
- the kinetic energy of this secondary beam 16b is still high enough at the ignition electrode to be ignited safely.
- This second exemplary embodiment enables the operation of an internal combustion engine with stratified charge, particularly at medium loads. Since the start of the injection process can take place much earlier than the ignition due to the longer travel of the fuel, it is possible to introduce and process larger quantities of fuel. In the combustion chamber 5, where the trough 73 is ideally aligned with respect to the injection nozzle 13 for the instantaneous deflection of part of the fuel 16b, a substantial proportion of the fuel is atomized in the primary jet 16a, mixed with air and reflected from the piston head at a reduced speed. However, the time to ignition is such that there is no large-scale and homogeneous distribution in the combustion chamber, so that there is again charge stratification.
- the ignition of the overall larger amount of fuel can continue to take place at a thermodynamically favorable time, since only the start of injection and not the ignition time had to be moved earlier. Safe ignition is still ensured by the high-energy deflected partial beam 16b when crossing the spark gap.
- 3 and 4 show a third preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the double trough 80 is approximately circular in plan view (FIG. 4), with a narrow deflection trough 81, approximately pill-shaped in plan view, and one, the rest of the region of FIG Double trough 80 covering braking reflector trough 82.
- the deflection trough 81 is approximately V-shaped in cross section (FIG. 3) with two lateral flanks 81a, b and a rounded bottom 81c.
- the braking reflector trough 82 has a flat, horizontal trough bottom 83 which, adjacent to the deflection trough 81, is delimited by a boundary wall 84 gradually increasing towards the deflection trough 81 and a boundary wall 85 oriented vertically to the trough bottom 83 in the remaining edge region of the braking reflector trough 82 .
- the dome-shaped or dome-shaped recess 9 in the cylinder head 4 is of somewhat higher design than the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, the bore 13 for receiving the injection nozzle 14 being made in the zenith of the recess 9.
- the bore 11 for the spark plug 12 is made somewhat deeper than in the previous exemplary embodiments, in the region of a side wall.
- the bore 13 of the injection nozzle 14 or the injection nozzle 14 is inclined with respect to the vertical axis 15, so that the axis 15 which is perpendicular to the piston crown 8 and a longitudinal central axis of the injection nozzle 14 enclose an angle ⁇ which is in the range between 0 ° to 40 ° , preferably between 10 ° and 30 °.
- the ignition electrodes 21 of the spark plug 12 are arranged in the region of the cone jacket of the conical fuel jet 16.
- this inclination of the injection nozzle 14 is preferably oriented such that the fuel jet is directed into the fresh gas mixture in the cylinder or away from the exhaust port.
- the deflection trough 81 is arranged below the injection nozzle 14 and the braking-reflector trough 82 below the ignition electrodes 21.
- the to-deceleration reflector trough 82 adjacent angeord ⁇ designated lateral edge 81b of the Umlenkmulde 81 shows with a straight, upwardly directed extension on spark-plugs electrodes 21 of the spark plug 12.
- a primary fuel jet 16a is sprayed conically in the direction of the double trough 80 by the injection nozzle 14.
- a first part of the primary fuel jet 16a atomizes on the way to the injection nozzle 14 to the piston crown 8 and mixes directly with the air in the combustion chamber.
- the rest of the fuel hits at a steep angle ⁇ of e.g. 70 ° - 90 ° on the piston crown 8.
- a second part of the primary fuel jet 16a is reflected by the sharp-edged braking reflector trough 82, so that it forms a finely atomized fuel cloud 70.
- This fuel cloud 70 is arranged essentially over the area of the braking reflector trough 82.
- a third part of the primary fuel jet 16a is reflected by the deflection trough 81 into the combustion chamber 5 without being braked.
- the reflected, secondary fuel jet 16 b is directed in the direction of the ignition electrodes 21 when the piston 3 is in the area of top dead center and enriches the fuel / air mixture in the area of the ignition electrodes 21.
- the internal combustion engine according to the third exemplary embodiment is operated at low load, a small amount of fuel is injected while the piston 3 is at top dead center.
- the injected fuel comes into contact with the ignition electrodes 21 as a primary fuel jet 16a or crosses the spark gap formed between the ignition electrodes 21.
- the fuel can be ignited on the primary jet 16a, the smallest amounts of fuel for small amounts due to the short time interval between the start of injection and the ignition Loads can be burned at a thermodynamically favorable time before the fuel cloud is too widely distributed.
- a fuel cloud 77 formed in the area of the ignition electrodes 21 is ignited, which is essentially enriched with fuel from the reflected, secondary fuel jet 16b.
- the ignition timing can be selected based on purely thermodynamic criteria. Due to the inventive design of the double trough 80, the fuel in the combustion chamber and depending on the engine load and injection quantity are enriched differently in some areas without double injection, an ignitable fuel / air mixture also always being set in the area of the ignition electrode 21.
- the ignition timing can be optimized solely from the thermodynamic point of view, both for the smallest and for the medium loads, which are preferably generated in the charge stratification process.
- the start of injection can be optimized for the desired engine load or for the injection quantity required for this, without having to do without a safe ignition condition on the ignition electrode 21, since a fuel cloud with a rich mixture and sufficient kinetic energy of the droplets is present at all times in question is present.
- ideal combustion conditions are achieved in the combustion chamber 5, as a result of which a low emission of pollutants is achieved under high load.
- the invention Brennkraftma ⁇ machine is ben Betrie preferably as a two-stroke internal combustion engine ⁇ .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19643886 | 1996-10-30 | ||
DE19643886A DE19643886C2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1996-10-30 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
PCT/EP1997/005655 WO1998019058A1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1997-10-15 | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0948708A1 true EP0948708A1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
Family
ID=7809660
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97910441A Withdrawn EP0948708A1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 1997-10-15 | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US5960766A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0948708A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001502773A (en) |
AU (1) | AU720617B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2270555A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19643886C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW387970B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998019058A1 (en) |
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JP3746344B2 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 2006-02-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Combustion chamber structure of internal combustion engine |
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US6223715B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2001-05-01 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Combustion chamber for direct injected engine |
DE19828774A1 (en) * | 1998-06-27 | 1999-12-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procedure for operating IC engine using direct injection and a regenerating gas |
GB9821052D0 (en) * | 1998-09-28 | 1998-11-18 | Ricardo Consulting Eng | Direct injection gasoline engines |
JP4049344B2 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2008-02-20 | ヤマハマリン株式会社 | In-cylinder fuel injection engine |
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DE10027452C2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2002-11-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Process for mixture formation with impact support in internal combustion engines with gasoline direct injection |
DE10151483A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Combustion process for a direct-injection, spark-ignition internal combustion engine |
JP3997781B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2007-10-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | In-cylinder direct injection engine |
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-
1997
- 1997-03-18 US US08/819,947 patent/US5960766A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-15 CA CA002270555A patent/CA2270555A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-15 WO PCT/EP1997/005655 patent/WO1998019058A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-15 JP JP10519977A patent/JP2001502773A/en active Pending
- 1997-10-15 AU AU47818/97A patent/AU720617B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-15 EP EP97910441A patent/EP0948708A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-20 TW TW086115417A patent/TW387970B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1998019058A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
AU720617B2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
US5996548A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
AU4781897A (en) | 1998-05-22 |
DE19643886A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
US5960766A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
DE19643886C2 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
TW387970B (en) | 2000-04-21 |
JP2001502773A (en) | 2001-02-27 |
CA2270555A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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