EP0945553A1 - Apparatus for stabilising a wall body - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly has a tie (5) in a drilled hole in spaced fixing positions, axially symmetrical to the drilling. In a single fixing position, the mounting assembly consists of an one-piece belt (1) which is closed by a belt lock (17). The belt is formed of bend-resistant hinged (18) links (8) which are provided with clamps (9) for the tie.

Description

Bohrloch" ist im Rahmen der Erfindung ein auf irgendeine Weise zum Hineinstecken des Zugankers gebildetes Loch in der jeweiligen Wand.The invention relates to a tie rod for stabilizing a wall body with the aid of elongated tension elements which are to be inserted into a borehole made in the wall body essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the borehole, the tension elements in the borehole in fixing positions set at a mutual distance using fastening means essentially axially symmetrical are bundled with respect to the borehole.

In the context of the invention, borehole "is a hole in the respective wall formed in any way for inserting the tie rod.

The tie rod should be used where the element earth in all its occurrence types (rock, scree, stone, sand, etc.) is to be held, fixed or consolidated - in short: mechanically stabilized - in loose or processed form by introducing anchors. The anchor can also be used to build or anchor a mounting base for external devices. Accordingly, it can be used as a so-called rock anchor in mining and tunnel construction or slope protection, but also in the renovation of old buildings, in avalanche protection and similar wall stabilization. Under the term Wall body "means the wall or ceiling to be secured by the tie rod.

The tie rod system includes elongated tension elements, which in one in the each wall body introduced borehole to at least part of their Length to be anchored. The tension elements can also be used as reinforcement elements be designated. In the context of the invention can be made of metal or plastic existing and / or fiber-reinforced tension elements in a freely selectable cross-sectional shape, preferably in tape or circuit board or rope form.

A device for reinforcing embankments, walls, etc. is known from DE 27 49 068 A1. According to this, an inner tube is used in the manufacture of a rock bolt Anchor provided. On the circumference at a distance from the circumference of the pipe - approximate arranged parallel to the tube - rods made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). The GRP rods are in positions at a distance from the pipe circumference in synthetic resin, that hardened, poured. It is difficult to evenly stick the bars around that Distribute pipe.

A rock anchor of this type is described in FR 26 43 096 B1. This exists from a central injection pipe and a multitude of twisted into ropes Anchor strands. The ropes are placed in individual pipes distributed around the injection pipe arranged in the bore receiving the rock bolt. The single pipes are positioned freely around the injection pipe centered in the mountain borehole. After installation is complete, the anchor is cemented or the like in the borehole pour hardening material.

According to EP 0 726 383 B1, reinforcing tension elements are supported on a central injection tube and are inserted into the borehole in a bundle around it. The injection tube is centered in the borehole with the aid of support elements or spacers between the injection tube and tension elements. About the fully installed injection tube is also within the scope of the present invention Mortar "designated mixture of cement, synthetic resin and the like hardening materials pressed into the borehole. It should be achieved that the tension elements arranged around the injection pipe are firmly connected to the respective surrounding wall body (eg rock) when the mortar has hardened.

In practice, the assembly of injection tube, spacers and Tension elements when inserting the known device from EP 0 726 383 B1 above in a borehole assembly problems, since all parts are supported against each other must be, if the construction is not premature, i.e. before the tension elements in the mortar has been poured and the mortar has hardened, should collapse. Around To guarantee this is provided in the aforementioned EP 0 726 383 B1, outside special around the tension elements, at the points where the spacers are located Fasteners, e.g. Metal tapes or plastic tapes, laboriously - by hand - to lay. Without the injection tube, there is stable cohesion not conceivable in the known. When replacing the injection tube with a other aforementioned installation, at least the spacers have to be changed.

The tie rods of the type described are of particular importance in tunnel construction. Not only the tunnel walls and ceilings have to be secured here, but also also the front or front wall on which the tunnel is driven. The front wall can be on the order of 10 m high for road or rail tunnels. Accidental collapse should therefore not be permitted.

Securing a tunnel wall is achieved, for example, by long tie rods, e.g. with a length of 24 m into the front wall. The built-in Tie rods are removed during the subsequent dismantling, e.g. piece by piece, separated, she should therefore consist of a material (such as plastic) that the work of respective mining machine not hindered.

The tie rods to be inserted into the tunnel bulkhead can, depending on the quality of the Mountains roughly parallel to each other but also radiating for simultaneous securing of the walls and ceilings that are created during driving. In practice, it is common to install another series of tie rods in the front wall, if about half of the previous series is reduced by driving is.

The invention has for its object that before being introduced into a borehole successful assembly of the tension elements with a predetermined, defined distribution to facilitate so that the final assembly, which often, e.g. in the tunnel, in relatively cramped conditions Space must take place, with a few simple steps or essentially automatically, in particular mechanically. In particular, it should be possible to ensure an axially symmetrical distribution of the tension elements in the borehole. In this axially symmetrical cohesion, optionally - also interchangeable - other installations, such as an injection tube, an injection lance, a boring bar, cable guides and the like can be installed.

The solution according to the invention exists for the tie rod of the type mentioned at the beginning, whose tension elements in certain fixing positions with the help of fasteners are bundled axially symmetrical with respect to the borehole, in that the one individual fixing position associated fasteners from a link formed belt to be closed with a belt lock and that to the Links receiving positions provided for at least one tension element are. Some improvements and further refinements of the invention are shown in described the subclaims.

The belt according to the invention is intended for mounting three or more tension elements correspondingly the same number of links and / or as many recording positions on each link for each tension element that there is space for n tension elements (n = 3, 4, .5 ...). Preferably, n pieces of tension elements, which are mounted on the belt are, together, an n-square column with an approximately regular n-corner cross-section form. Because the assembled tie rod is stable against bending - regardless of how the tie rod is rotated about its longitudinal axis - the bigger If the anchor cross-section is more similar to the circle, the tension elements should be preferred be arranged so that they together approximate the circle Open the cross section. It can be particularly favorable if the tension elements even transverse to its longitudinal direction following the spanned circular cross-section are bent.

The invention also ensures that the tension elements (for each fixing position) to be fastened in a belt so that the belt with attached tension elements can be easily erected and locked at the respective construction site can. Such work can also be carried out in a confined space, it is especially suitable for mechanization or automation. Preferably the tension elements can already be pre-assembled on spread belts on the Construction site to be delivered. To do this, it is sufficient if the single belt fastener for pre-assembling the pulling elements - with a specific mounting position for each tension element - on its preferably held by hinges Has links. The belt itself can be made rigid or by the Attaching the (possibly rigid) tension elements are stiffened.

With the help of the tie rod according to the invention, various installations in one Borehole are introduced. If from one (e.g.) centered in a hole to be introduced, the injection tube is spoken, this is done for simplicity for the sake of it. One injection tube can namely consist of two or more individual tubes or Veins. The number of tension elements is also due to the invention not limited. Depending on the task and available space at the Construction sites can have a few, preferably three, platinum or strip-shaped tension elements, or any number, e.g. many, essentially parallel in the borehole tension elements extending to the borehole axis can be provided. Most notably belts according to the invention with three rigid links, because such Belt e.g. three platinum-shaped tension elements without the need for additional components would be able to stand up as a (spatial) triangle.

According to the invention, it is not so much about the materials and the number or training of injection pipes and tension elements, but around the specified Belt that even allows the tension elements to be pre-assembled in belts, preferably with the belt lying flat, to be transported to the construction site. The belt itself can be made of metal or plastic.

A belt preferred according to the invention has exactly three links held together by hinges, it can be erected into a three-dimensional triangle and closed in a ring shape by a lock (or the like). The belt holds the applied tension elements spatially together, so that the tie rod - as it is, ie with or without installed installations, such as an injection pipe - is inserted into a borehole and with mortar or the like can be cemented ".

The tension elements to be used according to the invention can be of various types Manner, e.g. as rods with a circular cross-section or - as preferred - as Ribbons, strips or boards, the width of which is a multiple of the thickness become. Tension elements of this plate or strip shape are preferred, if it is favorable for the application that the element in the direction in which you would wind it flat as a tape, much more flexible than in the direction of its Main levels, which are its two faces, is.

On each of the links of one of the belts described, at least one of the mentioned, extending through the entire borehole tension elements become. In the case of a three-part belt, one tension element is created each time a tie rod with essentially the triangular cross section. While such Tie rods, e.g. 24 m long, is inserted into a borehole Deflection of the not yet inserted part of how the belt rotated is, that is, whether at the bottom a tip or one side of the triangular cross section lies. A tie rod constructed in this way with three plate-shaped tension elements bends less easily when the tip of the triangular cross section is directed downwards. But this orientation is difficult to maintain, because the tie rod slides on the corresponding longitudinal edge (unstable) is to be inserted into the borehole.

An improvement of the tie rod according to another invention is that on Belt circumference more than three tension elements, e.g. six, eight or twelve tension elements, be mounted so that the tie rod is approximately one circular cross section. Here, too, are preferably board-shaped Traction elements used. With the number of this way on the circumference of the tie rod assembled tension elements, the bending stability becomes increasingly independent of whether the anchor when inserted into the borehole on an edge of two tension elements or lies flat on a tension element. The independence of the deflection the orientation of the tie rod about its longitudinal axis increases, depending the common cross-section of the tension elements of the circular shape becomes more similar. According to Still another invention, it may therefore be advantageous to use traction elements which correspond even in their surface transverse to the longitudinal direction of the desired circular shape are bent. In extreme cases, you can use two curved tension elements the same effect as with many flat tension elements.

Another advantage of the tie rod according to the invention is that the belt not only has the fasteners for the orderly reception of the tension elements, but also the spacers for centering if necessary through the Traction elements enclosed installations should include. According to another invention the belt is supposed to face the injection tube on its final assembly Inside - opposite the receiving positions of the tension elements - Have spacers that help the installation when erecting the pre-assembled Tension elements and laying the tension elements around the respective installation center automatically. The desired axial symmetry then necessarily occurs.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous for the handling and assembly of the belt proven if a quick-release fastener like a plug or Snap lock is provided. If a - as described - pre-assembled Arrangement of tension elements and (open) belts in a kind of funnel prepared borehole is inserted, can practically automatically if necessary can be achieved that the tension elements are automatically centered around the installation lay around and fasten the respective belts before entering the borehole become. Incidentally, in the event of an assembly error, it can be cheap be designed to unlock the belt lock.

The tie rod according to the invention intended for stabilizing a wall body contains tension elements that insert into a hole made in the wall body and there, preferably integrally, to be connected to the wall material. The tension elements are essentially axially symmetrical with the aid of fastening means connected together in relation to the respective borehole. To ensure the appropriate assembly of the tension elements before inserting them in To facilitate the borehole, the single fastener is made from one Links and existing belt to be closed with a belt lock on the belt links there are receiving positions for at least one tension element each intended.

Fig. 1

einen Gürtel in offener und geschlossener Stellung für drei Zugelemente;

Fig. 2

einen Gürtel für sechs Zugelemente; und

Fig. 3

einen Zugankerquerschnitt mit gebogenen Zugelementen.

Some details of the invention are explained on the basis of the schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a belt in the open and closed position for three tension elements;

Fig. 2

a belt for six tension elements; and

Fig. 3

a tie rod cross-section with curved tension elements.

In FIG. 1, a belt according to the invention, generally designated 1, is opened in the Representation 2 and in the closed representation 3 in section perpendicular to Hole axis 4 shown. In this embodiment, the belt 1 is like this trained that he is able to three elongated tension elements 5 (with rectangular cross section) symmetrical with respect to the bore axis 4 and possibly to position defined on a centered injection tube 6. Owns for this purpose the belt 1 has 8 clips 9 on each of its links on its outer surface 7 for the defined fastening of each tension element 5. In addition, the belt 1 on its inner surface 10 each of its links 8 has a centering shape a spacer 11. Finally, the belt 1 has two on it Longitudinal ends 12 and 13 pluggable lock parts 14 and 15 with bolts 16, which together form a quick release buckle 17. The single ones Links 8 of the belt 1 can, like the latch 16, preferably via hinges 18 Film hinges to be connected together.

Fig. 1 shows a concentric to the circle symbolizing the injection tube 6 Circle of larger diameter. This indicates that the injection tube is different Can have a diameter or that instead of the injection tube also others Installations of the type indicated above - if necessary (as drawn) modified or shortened - spacers 11 are added can.

The tension elements can be used to assemble a device according to the invention 5 already in the spread belt 1 (in its bracket 9). During the final assembly, a belt link 8, e.g. the middle Link 8a, with its spacer 11, for example, against the injection tube 6 placed and then deflected the other two links 8b and 8c on the hinges 18 be so that the spacers 11b and 11c against the injection tube 6 encounter, the lock parts 14 and 15 meet and the bolt 16 a recess 19 of the longitudinal end 12 engages. The belt can be seen 1 - in particular the three-part (= three links 8) belt - but without the injection tube 6 erect exactly as with injection tube. As shown, it can be simplified the assembly may be cheap if the first with the injection tube 6 coming into contact spacers 11a a concave receiving surface 20th has, so that the injection tube 6, even if it is not laterally through the two other spacers 11b and 11c is held, a defined position opposite the belt 1, or this opposite the tube 6, can take.

The device according to the invention thus allows the tension elements 5 already in the to fix open, flat belt 1 defined. After erecting the Belt 1 - if necessary after laying around the respective injection tube 6, not only in the end, but also in the middle valves for injecting Can have mortar -, the belt 1 is closed and by the quick release 17 secured. If necessary, the injection tube 6 with the help of the Belt 1 integrally formed or integrated in the inventive device spacers 11 automatically centered. The attachment of the tension elements 5 to the belt 1 can not only mechanical, but also chemical Manner, e.g. by gluing. The individual belts 1 can with appropriate Width (measured in the longitudinal direction of the respective hole) also as Coupling parts for attaching an extension of the tension elements 5 and / or respective installation.

2, a belt 1 is shown, the six tension elements 5 - e.g. in brackets 9 as assembled in Fig. 1 - receives. The six train elements 5 like the surfaces of a regular hexagonal column on the Links 8 attached documents 21 are arranged. In the scope of the invention irregular hexagon cross sections also fall. Even the number of Edges or tension elements are not essential according to the invention. Except for the three Edges according to FIG. 1 or the six edges or surfaces according to FIG. 2 can each four, five, seven, eight, etc. surfaces as required (bending strength / effort) and accordingly tension elements are included on the belt circumference.

3 shows the cross section of three tension elements 5 combined in a tie rod, the body or surfaces of the circular shape bent transversely to the axis 4 are. Together, the tension elements 5 according to FIG. 3 span an approximately circular one Cross section - as shown - on. According to the drawing, the tension elements 5 positioned on links 8, the shape of which is adapted to that of the tension elements is.

The components of the tie rod according to the invention, in particular the belt and its parts can be made of metal or plastic or the like chemically and mechanically stable materials. The materials may vary other requirements, e.g. electrically conductive or insulating, flame retardant or be selected to be permanent, self-rotting, or permanent. The spacers 11 or centering of the belt members 8 can in the frame the invention can also be designed so that it can be used simultaneously or subsequently Management of various installations, e.g. Boring bars, injection lances or pipes or cable guides are suitable. Furthermore, it may be convenient to start first a conical end of the tie rod to be inserted into the respective bore Attach insertion aid that facilitates insertion into the borehole. Farther it may be advantageous to use one or more prestressing elements, which are predominantly are to be designed as clamping parts, which allow the system to be preloaded.

Reference list

1 =

belt

2 =

open view (1)

3 =

closed view (1)

4 =

Bore axis

5 =

Tension element

6 =

Injection tube

7 =

Outside surface (1)

8 =

Limb (1)

9 =

Clip (8)

10 =

Inner surface (1)

11 =

Spacers

12, 13 =

Longitudinal ends (1)

14, 15 =

Lock part

16 =

bars

17 =

Belt buckle

18 =

hinge

19 =

Recess

20 =

Receiving area

21 =

document

Claims (16)

Tension anchors for stabilizing a wall body with the aid of elongated tension elements (5) which are to be inserted into a borehole made in the wall body essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the borehole (4), the tension elements (5) in the borehole in fixing positions set at a mutual distance from one another of fastening means are bundled essentially axially symmetrically with respect to the borehole, characterized in that the fastening means assigned to an individual fixing position consists of a belt (1) formed from links (8) and to be shot with a belt buckle (17), and that on the links (8) receiving positions (9) are provided for at least one tension element (5). Tie rod according to claim 1, characterized in that the belt (1) for mounting three or more tension elements (5) has the same number of links (8) and / or the corresponding number of receiving positions on each link. Tie rod according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that n tension elements (5) mounted on the belt (1) form a column with an approximately regular n-corner cross section, n = 3, 4, 6 ... being valid. Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tension elements (5) are arranged as approximately as possible so that they span a cross-section approximating the circle. Tie rod according to claim 4, characterized in that the tension elements (5) themselves are bent transversely to their longitudinal direction (4) following the circular cross-section spanned. Tie rod according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening means has receiving positions (9) for pre-assembling the tension elements (5) with the belt (1) lying flat (2). Tie rod according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the links (8) of the belt (1) are stiffened by attaching the tension elements (5). Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the receiving positions (9) for the tension elements (5) are provided on the outside (7) of the belt (1), which is to be turned towards the wall of the respective borehole after their final assembly. Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that brackets (9) for locking the tension elements (5) on the belt (1) are molded onto the receiving positions. Tension anchor according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tension elements (5) are fixed to the belt (1) at the receiving positions (9). Tie rod according to at least one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the belt (1) has exactly three, preferably essentially the same, links (8), preferably held together by hinges (18), which are closed by means of the belt lock (17) a closed tri-ring can be erected. Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a quick-release fastener in the manner of a plug-in or snap-in fastener is provided as the belt lock (17). Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the assembled belt (1) and the tension elements (5) fastened thereon enclose other installations to be inserted into the respective borehole, in particular an injection pipe, an injection lance or a cable guide. Tie rod according to claim 13, characterized in that the respective installation, in particular an injection pipe (6) suitable for inserting mortar into the borehole, is centered with respect to the borehole by means of spacers (11) provided on the belt (1). Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the spacers (11) are molded onto the belt (1). Tie rod according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one of the spacers (11a) has a receiving surface (20) for the defined mutual positioning of the belt (1) and the injection tube (6) during assembly.

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