EP0944764A1 - Tete de forage - Google Patents
Tete de forageInfo
- Publication number
- EP0944764A1 EP0944764A1 EP97949845A EP97949845A EP0944764A1 EP 0944764 A1 EP0944764 A1 EP 0944764A1 EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 97949845 A EP97949845 A EP 97949845A EP 0944764 A1 EP0944764 A1 EP 0944764A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- drilling head
- blade
- head according
- external surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drilling head, as used in particular in the field of digging an oil well, comprising - a central body,
- - cutting elements distributed over a front external surface and over a lateral external surface for calibrating the well, the lateral external surfaces of the blades being part of a substantially cylindrical surface.
- Drill heads used to date can be provided with various types of cutting elements. Among these, a distinction is generally made between wafers of synthetic polycrystalline diamond or PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact), natural or synthetic diamonds called impregnated, abrasive grains (grits in English) in general and so-called thermostable (synthetic) diamonds or agglomerates of abrasive grains (grits) or agglomerated abrasive grains.
- PDC Polycrystalline Diamond Compact
- the present invention results from a comparative study of the advantages and disadvantages of the cutting elements as a function of their position on the head of drilling, in particular on the front face thereof. It appears for example that, in the case of a drilling head comprising only diamond particles impregnated in the front face, those on the axis of rotation or very close to it have a low peripheral speed during the rotation of head while drilling. In addition, their depth of cut in a formation to be drilled is very small because these particles are small (0.6 to 1 mm maximum) and are crimped mechanically in the head by a binder, so that they do not generally exceed than 0.4 mm maximum of the crimp binder.
- a low peripheral rotation speed of the diamond particles can also mean increased pressure on them: therefore a greater risk of bursting or tearing off the particles very close to the axis.
- a very high diamond carat value is obtained compared to what one could obtain in a PDC wafer drilling head configuration.
- a drill head with PDC inserts proves to be very advantageous at the place, or very close, of the axis of rotation because the value in carats of diamond is sufficient there, the exposure of the cutting inserts projecting compared to the rest of the head, it provides depths of pass per revolution which are appreciable and these plates offer a higher resistance to the aforementioned pressure than that of diamond particles.
- said remaining zone is divided into two zones which are substantially circular and coaxial with said central zone and, as a cutting element, one of the circular zones comprises thermostable synthetic diamonds while the other circular zone contains impregnated diamond particles.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view, in section along the line I-I of Figure 2 and in elevation, of a drill head of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the front face (along the direction of drilling) of the drilling head of FIG. 1.
- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view in elevation of a wafer support and its wafer which can be used in the drilling head of the invention.
- Figures 4 and 5, 6 and 7, 8 and 9 are each schematic views respectively, on the one hand, in section and in elevation and, on the other hand, of the front face of three different drilling heads, Prior art, cited here for comparison to show the technical advantage of the inventive drill head over them.
- FIG. 10 is, on another scale, a view similar to that of FIG. 2 but diagrammed and relating to a drilling head of which certain blades have a constant width and others have a variable width, increasing from their end closest to the axis of rotation.
- the drilling head 1 of the invention may comprise a substantially cylindrical central body 2 and cutting blades 3 to 8, projecting from the body 2, both in front of the latter in a direction of drilling and on the sides of this same body 2.
- Cutting elements 9 are distributed on front external surfaces 10, considering the direction of drilling, and on lateral external surfaces 11 for calibrating the well, for example petroleum, to be dug, the blades 3 to 8 comprising these external surfaces 10, 11.
- the lateral external surfaces 11 form part of a substantially cylindrical surface with an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the drilling head 1.
- the front 10 and lateral 11 external surfaces of each blade 3 to 8 are preferably connected according to a progressive curvature.
- the external front surface 10 of at least one of the blades 3 to 8 there is arranged, as cutting elements 9, at least one cutting insert 12 in diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline (PDC) at a central zone 13 of said front external surface 10 and, in a remaining zone 14 of this front surface 10, outside the central zone 13, thermostable synthetic diamonds and / or impregnated diamond particles, both on blade 3 to 8 fitted with cutting insert (s) 12 and on other blades 3 to 8.
- PDC diamond tablet synthetic polycrystalline
- this drilling head for the rest 1, for example by infiltration of molten metal into a matrix of tungsten carbide powder placed in a carbon mold and provided, before infiltration and where they are desired, with diamond particles and / or thermostable synthetic diamonds. Then, said cutting insert (s) 12 can be brazed to their places provided during molding and the infiltrated and cooled die can be fixed (FIG. 1) by screwing (at 15) and / or welding (at 16) to a metal body. 17 carrying a thread 18 for connecting the head 1 to a rod train (not shown). Such cutting insert brazing 12 can be carried out practically as a last resort, on the finished head 1, by means of a silver brazing alloy at low melting temperature.
- each cutting insert 12 is fixed to a support 20, known per se, the shape of which can be modified as desired (see also FIG.
- each cutting insert 12 can be inclined by a cutting angle ("rake" in English), for example of the order of 30 °, with respect to a corresponding axial plane.
- the inclination of this angle is then, according to FIGS. 2 and 3, oriented so that the front cutting edge 12A of each insert 12 (in a longitudinal direction of advance of the tool 1) is rearward (in the direction rotation R during drilling) relative to the rear cutting edge 12B of the same insert 12 in the drilling head 1.
- the supports 20 are advantageously made of tungsten carbide.
- the impregnated diamond particles and / or the thermostable or other synthetic diamonds are not represented in FIG. 1. They are represented diagrammatically in FIG. 2, on the blade 4 only, in the form of triangles .
- the blades 3, 5 and 7 may differ practically only in the number and location of the cutting inserts 12.
- the blades 4, 6 and 8 may be similar to each other. Other arrangements of these blades 3 to 8 may also be preferred, such as that of FIG. 10 explained below.
- a practically central passage 21 can be provided for drilling fluid, so that it emerges between the front external surfaces 10 and escapes, with the debris caused by drilling, by channels extending between the blades 3 to 8 and along the sides of the body 2.
- Said remaining zone 14 (FIG. 1) can itself be divided into two substantially circular and coaxial zones 25, 26 with the central zone 13. Then a circular zone 25 or 26 may comprise practically only thermostable synthetic diamonds while the another circular zone 26 or 25 may comprise practically only impregnated diamond particles.
- thermostable synthetic diamonds are placed in the circular zone 26 located directly around the central zone 13.
- an intermediate zone (not shown), situated in a ring between the two circular zones 25 and 26, to be partly equipped with impregnated diamond particles and partly with thermostable synthetic diamonds.
- thermostable synthetic diamonds can have a circular and / or cubic and / or prismatic shape with preferably triangular cross section.
- At least one of the cutting inserts 12 can be composed of several layers, namely for example: - an attack layer 27 of the formation to be drilled, in a tablet of synthetic polycrystalline diamond, - carrying this attack layer 27, a intermediate layer 28 of tungsten carbide, and carrying this intermediate layer 28 and carried by the support 20, a layer 29 of tungsten carbide combined with diamond particles.
- the blades 3 to 8 preferably each have a substantially constant thickness over a large part of their front external surface 10 and on their lateral external surface 11.
- the thicknesses of the various blades 3 to 8 can be equal.
- the blades 3 to 8 can extend in a rectilinear manner (FIGS. 1 and 2) or in a helical manner (not shown).
- the lateral external surfaces 11 of the blades 3 to 8, which belong to a substantially cylindrical surface, can have on the latter, in one embodiment, a thickness which is of the order of at most half the circular distance between two blades 3 to 8 successive, measured on this same substantially cylindrical surface.
- the front external surface 10 of the blades 3 to 8 is arranged to determine, by the cutting elements 9, in the formation of the bottom of a wellbore (not shown) a conical surface entering the drilling head 1 and preferably having a cone angle between 10 ° and 55 °, preferably of the order of 45 °, relative to the axis of rotation of the drilling head 1.
- central zones 13 and remaining zones 14 and / or 25, 26 may depend on the formations to be drilled. Thus, for very hard rocks, it seems advantageous to choose a small diameter for the central zone 13 and to enlarge it as the rocks are less hard. For clay formations, the PDC cutting inserts 12 are better thanks to their capacity for removing these materials: there is therefore less blocking of the head 1 at the locations of these inserts 12.
- the power applied to the drilling head 1 is indicated in the HP (“horse power") column of table 1 and this power per unit area is indicated there in the HP / cm 2 column.
- the drilling heads used for the comparison are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4 to 9. The head of FIGS.
- the head of Figures 6 and 7 has twelve narrow blades, identified by the letters A, B, C, D and E according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 60 ° with respect to the axis of rotation.
- the head of Figures 8 and 9 has six thick blades, identified by the letters A, B and C according to their similarities and digging a cone of the order of 45 ° relative to the axis of rotation.
- the crown chosen for the comparison (and not shown) is equipped only with PDC cutting inserts, in a so-called soft binder, on its front face of attack.
- the same rock was drilled or cored by these different tools during the comparative test.
- the binder used for the drilling heads of FIGS. 4 to 9 is also of the so-called soft type.
- the head 1 of the invention has a penetration speed (ROP) substantially higher than that of other conventional drilling heads.
- blades 5 with projection in the shape of a truncated triangle 5A in the drawing plane can be interposed between blades 3, 4 whose width is practically constant over their entire external surface.
- the use of these blades 5A makes it possible, for example, to reduce the interval between two successive blades 3, 4.
- the invention can also include drilling heads where all the blades have a projection in the form of a truncated triangle like the blade 5A above.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9601043 | 1996-12-16 | ||
BE9601043A BE1010802A3 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1996-12-16 | Tete de forage. |
PCT/BE1997/000135 WO1998027310A1 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1997-12-16 | Tete de forage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0944764A1 true EP0944764A1 (fr) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0944764B1 EP0944764B1 (fr) | 2003-03-19 |
Family
ID=3890145
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97949845A Expired - Lifetime EP0944764B1 (fr) | 1996-12-16 | 1997-12-16 | Tete de forage |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6296069B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0944764B1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1010802A3 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2274918C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69720035T2 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO326453B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998027310A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (108)
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US6510906B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-01-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Impregnated bit with PDC cutters in cone area |
US6843333B2 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2005-01-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Impregnated rotary drag bit |
US7472764B2 (en) | 2005-03-25 | 2009-01-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rotary drill bit shank, rotary drill bits so equipped, and methods of manufacture |
US7398840B2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-07-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Matrix drill bits and method of manufacture |
US8225883B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2012-07-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole percussive tool with alternating pressure differentials |
US8205688B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2012-06-26 | Hall David R | Lead the bit rotary steerable system |
US8297378B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2012-10-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Turbine driven hammer that oscillates at a constant frequency |
US8316964B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2012-11-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit transducer device |
US7753144B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2010-07-13 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit with a retained jack element |
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US7571780B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2009-08-11 | Hall David R | Jack element for a drill bit |
US8522897B2 (en) | 2005-11-21 | 2013-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Lead the bit rotary steerable tool |
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US8342266B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2013-01-01 | Hall David R | Timed steering nozzle on a downhole drill bit |
US9353575B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 | 2016-05-31 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hybrid drill bits having increased drilling efficiency |
AU2012261560B2 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2014-07-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Erosion resistant hard composite materials |
CN102733758B (zh) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-11-19 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院 | 取芯用孕镶块式金刚石钻头 |
WO2014088946A1 (fr) | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-12 | Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. | Outil de forage de terre présentant un agencement amélioré d'inclinaisons latérales de dispositif de coupe |
US20140353046A1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Hybrid bit with roller cones near the bit axis |
US9376866B2 (en) | 2013-08-23 | 2016-06-28 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Hybrid rotary cone drill bit |
US20150233187A1 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-08-20 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Frac plug mill bit |
US10570665B2 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2020-02-25 | Ulterra Drilling Technologies L.P. | Drill bit |
MX2016015278A (es) | 2014-05-23 | 2017-03-03 | Baker Hughes Inc | Broca hibrida con elementos de cono de rodillo unidos mecanicamente. |
WO2015195817A1 (fr) | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. | Trépan de forage |
US11428050B2 (en) | 2014-10-20 | 2022-08-30 | Baker Hughes Holdings Llc | Reverse circulation hybrid bit |
US10472896B2 (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2019-11-12 | Esco Group Llc | Downhole tool and method of manufacturing a tool |
WO2017014730A1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 | 2017-01-26 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Trépan hybride à éléments de coupe à contre-rotation au centre |
CN105971519A (zh) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-28 | 四川川庆石油钻采科技有限公司 | 一种屋脊式孕镶金刚石钻头 |
US11480016B2 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2022-10-25 | Ulterra Drilling Technologies, L.P. | Drill bit |
US11008814B2 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2021-05-18 | Ulterra Drilling Technologies, Lp | Drill bit |
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FR1330147A (fr) * | 1961-12-26 | 1963-06-21 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Perfectionnement aux outils de forage |
US4525178A (en) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-06-25 | Megadiamond Industries, Inc. | Composite polycrystalline diamond |
US4991670A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1991-02-12 | Reed Tool Company, Ltd. | Rotary drill bit for use in drilling holes in subsurface earth formations |
US4943488A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1990-07-24 | Norton Company | Low pressure bonding of PCD bodies and method for drill bits and the like |
US4858706A (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-08-22 | Lebourgh Maurice P | Diamond drill bit with hemispherically shaped diamond inserts |
GB2234542B (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1993-03-31 | Reed Tool Co | Improvements in or relating to cutting elements for rotary drill bits |
US5099929A (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1992-03-31 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Unbalanced PDC drill bit with right hand walk tendencies, and method of drilling right hand bore holes |
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 BE BE9601043A patent/BE1010802A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-12-16 CA CA002274918A patent/CA2274918C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-16 WO PCT/BE1997/000135 patent/WO1998027310A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1997-12-16 US US09/319,559 patent/US6296069B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 EP EP97949845A patent/EP0944764B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 DE DE69720035T patent/DE69720035T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-06-14 NO NO19992906A patent/NO326453B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9827310A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO326453B1 (no) | 2008-12-08 |
CA2274918C (fr) | 2006-05-09 |
BE1010802A3 (fr) | 1999-02-02 |
DE69720035D1 (de) | 2003-04-24 |
DE69720035T2 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
WO1998027310A1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 |
NO992906L (no) | 1999-08-13 |
NO992906D0 (no) | 1999-06-14 |
CA2274918A1 (fr) | 1998-06-25 |
EP0944764B1 (fr) | 2003-03-19 |
US6296069B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
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