EP0944362A4 - System and method for noninvasive hemodynamic measurements in hemodialysis shunts - Google Patents
System and method for noninvasive hemodynamic measurements in hemodialysis shuntsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0944362A4 EP0944362A4 EP97913824A EP97913824A EP0944362A4 EP 0944362 A4 EP0944362 A4 EP 0944362A4 EP 97913824 A EP97913824 A EP 97913824A EP 97913824 A EP97913824 A EP 97913824A EP 0944362 A4 EP0944362 A4 EP 0944362A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hemodynamic measurements
- noninvasive hemodynamic
- hemodialysis shunts
- hemodialysis
- shunts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14535—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring haematocrit
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
- A61B5/6866—Extracorporeal blood circuits, e.g. dialysis circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1601—Control or regulation
- A61M1/1613—Profiling or modelling of patient or predicted treatment evolution or outcome
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3607—Regulation parameters
- A61M1/3609—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea
- A61M1/361—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea before treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3607—Regulation parameters
- A61M1/3609—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea
- A61M1/3612—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea after treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3613—Reperfusion, e.g. of the coronary vessels, e.g. retroperfusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
- A61M1/3655—Arterio-venous shunts or fistulae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
- A61M1/3656—Monitoring patency or flow at connection sites; Detecting disconnections
- A61M1/3658—Indicating the amount of purified blood recirculating in the fistula or shunt
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3643—Priming, rinsing before or after use
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3663—Flow rate transducers; Flow integrators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3306—Optical measuring means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
- A61M2230/207—Blood composition characteristics hematocrit
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US2958796P | 1996-10-23 | 1996-10-23 | |
US29587P | 1996-10-23 | ||
PCT/US1997/019511 WO1998017193A1 (en) | 1996-10-23 | 1997-10-22 | System and method for noninvasive hemodynamic measurements in hemodialysis shunts |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0944362A1 EP0944362A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0944362A4 true EP0944362A4 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=21849818
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97913824A Withdrawn EP0944362A4 (en) | 1996-10-23 | 1997-10-22 | System and method for noninvasive hemodynamic measurements in hemodialysis shunts |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0944362A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3622984B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100498628B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5092098A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2268519A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998017193A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6153109A (en) | 1994-09-16 | 2000-11-28 | Transonic Systmes, Inc. | Method and apparatus to measure blood flow rate in hemodialysis shunts |
US6514419B2 (en) | 1994-09-16 | 2003-02-04 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Method to measure blood flow and recirculation in hemodialysis shunts |
US6648845B1 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 2003-11-18 | Fresenius Medical Care North America | Method and apparatus for determining hemodialysis parameters |
US6868739B1 (en) | 1999-10-19 | 2005-03-22 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus to measure blood flow by an introduced volume change |
DE10259437B3 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2004-09-16 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for determining blood flow in a blood-carrying line |
CA2601479A1 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | System and method for determining cardiac output |
JP4573231B2 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2010-11-04 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification equipment |
JP4573860B2 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-11-04 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification equipment |
DE102010015664A1 (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Up-Med Gmbh | Method and device for determining the fistula flow of a fistula for dialysis treatment |
DE102013103335A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | B. Braun Avitum Ag | System for detecting a state of a dialyzer device, and sensor device usable therefor |
JP6559484B2 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2019-08-14 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification apparatus and access blood vessel flow rate calculation method using the blood purification apparatus |
JP7061509B2 (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2022-04-28 | 日機装株式会社 | Blood purification device |
US11389576B2 (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-07-19 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Determination of patient blood volume at start of a dialysis treatment |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0416808A1 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-03-13 | Ash Medical System, Incorporated | System for determining a rate of flow of liquid through a conduit |
EP0532432A1 (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-03-17 | Hospal Industrie | Artificial kidney |
US5312550A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1994-05-17 | Hester Robert L | Method for detecting undesired dialysis recirculation |
US5453576A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1995-09-26 | Transonic Systems Inc. | Cardiovascular measurements by sound velocity dilution |
EP0693297A1 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-01-24 | BELLCO S.p.A. | Dialysis apparatus |
WO1996008305A1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-21 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Blood flow measurement method in hemodialysis shunts |
US5510717A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1996-04-23 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Differential conductivity recirculation monitor |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56104646A (en) * | 1980-01-25 | 1981-08-20 | Minolta Camera Kk | Optical analyzer for forming ratio of element contained in organism |
US5372136A (en) | 1990-10-06 | 1994-12-13 | Noninvasive Medical Technology Corporation | System and method for noninvasive hematocrit monitoring |
US5351686A (en) | 1990-10-06 | 1994-10-04 | In-Line Diagnostics Corporation | Disposable extracorporeal conduit for blood constituent monitoring |
WO1994009351A1 (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1994-04-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Fluid sampling module |
DE69330804T2 (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 2002-07-18 | Baxter International Inc., Deerfield | Hemodialysis monitoring system for dialysis machines |
US5507723A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1996-04-16 | Baxter International, Inc. | Method and system for optimizing dialysis clearance |
-
1997
- 1997-10-22 EP EP97913824A patent/EP0944362A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-22 JP JP51971898A patent/JP3622984B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-22 CA CA002268519A patent/CA2268519A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-22 WO PCT/US1997/019511 patent/WO1998017193A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-22 AU AU50920/98A patent/AU5092098A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-22 KR KR10-1999-7003528A patent/KR100498628B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0416808A1 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-03-13 | Ash Medical System, Incorporated | System for determining a rate of flow of liquid through a conduit |
EP0532432A1 (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-03-17 | Hospal Industrie | Artificial kidney |
US5312550A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1994-05-17 | Hester Robert L | Method for detecting undesired dialysis recirculation |
US5312550B1 (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1996-04-23 | Robert L Hester | Method for detecting undesired dialysis recirculation |
US5510717A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1996-04-23 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Differential conductivity recirculation monitor |
EP0693297A1 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-01-24 | BELLCO S.p.A. | Dialysis apparatus |
WO1996008305A1 (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-03-21 | Transonic Systems, Inc. | Blood flow measurement method in hemodialysis shunts |
US5453576A (en) * | 1994-10-24 | 1995-09-26 | Transonic Systems Inc. | Cardiovascular measurements by sound velocity dilution |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DEPNER T A ET AL: "CLINICAL MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD FLOW IN HEMODIALYSIS ACCESS FISTULAE AND GRAFTS BY ULTRASOUND DILUTION", ASAIO JOURNAL,US,J.B.LIPPINCOTT CO.,HAGERSTOWN,MD, vol. 41, no. 3, 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01), pages 745 - 749, XP000542960, ISSN: 1058-2916 * |
DEPNER T A ET AL: "HEMODIALYSIS ACCESS RECIRCULATION MEASURED BY ULTRASOUND DILUTION", ASAIO JOURNAL,US,J.B.LIPPINCOTT CO.,HAGERSTOWN,MD, vol. 41, no. 3, 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01), pages 749 - 753, XP000542961, ISSN: 1058-2916 * |
SHERMAN R A ET AL: "RATE-RELATED RECIRCULATION: THE EFFECT OF ALTERING BLOOD FLOW ON DIALYZER RECIRCULATION", AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES, vol. 17, no. 2, 1991, pages 170 - 173, XP000949035 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20000052728A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
JP3622984B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
JP2001506873A (en) | 2001-05-29 |
WO1998017193A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
CA2268519A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
KR100498628B1 (en) | 2005-07-01 |
EP0944362A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
AU5092098A (en) | 1998-05-15 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
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