EP0943042B1 - Element de construction - Google Patents

Element de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0943042B1
EP0943042B1 EP97945950A EP97945950A EP0943042B1 EP 0943042 B1 EP0943042 B1 EP 0943042B1 EP 97945950 A EP97945950 A EP 97945950A EP 97945950 A EP97945950 A EP 97945950A EP 0943042 B1 EP0943042 B1 EP 0943042B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
retention means
board
faces
retention
fixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97945950A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0943042A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael James Paul Turner
Stefan Martin Nalborczyk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gradient Insulations UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Gradient Insulations UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gradient Insulations UK Ltd filed Critical Gradient Insulations UK Ltd
Publication of EP0943042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0943042A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0943042B1 publication Critical patent/EP0943042B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/3601—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer
    • E04D3/3602—The fastening means comprising elongated profiles installed in or on the insulation layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/205—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having non-structural supports for roofing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B2001/386—Nailable or screwable inserts for foam panels

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a constructional element, particularly in the form of a panel or board for use in the construction industry.
  • roofing structures which comprise an inner roof deck at the outer side of which is disposed an insulation board.
  • a vapour control layer is sandwiched between the roof deck and the insulation panel, the layer being fixed on site, and adhesively bonded at its respective opposite sides to said deck and said panel.
  • the insulation board is the outermost element of the construction, and to protect it against the weather, a waterproofing membrane is fixed to the outer side of the board. This is effected either by adhesive bonding, or by mechanical fixing through to the roof deck. As far as mechanical fixings are concerned, it can, in many cases, be uneconomic, impractical or undesirable to use such fixings, in that they are:
  • a circular mounting assembly comprising an aluminium backing plate with an insulation layer bonded to one of its sides.
  • the mounting assembly is fitted in a circular recess in one face of an external insulation layer of a building so that its outer surface, formed by the insulation layer, is flush with said one face.
  • the mounting assembly is pre-drilled into the backing plate to provide a screw fixing point, visible at its outer surface, for a screw to fix an angle iron to the external insulation layer.
  • U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,641,469 A there is disclosed a building panel having a channel therein, in which is received a rigidifying element in the form of a U-shaped or C-shaped channel extrusion.
  • a fastener plate slidably engaged with the rigidifying element is used to secure the panel to a substrate by fasteners.
  • the rigidifying element extends through at least two adjacent panels and is itself secured at a space between said panels to a building structure by fasteners.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a constructional element which enables mechanical fixings to be used to secure a member, such as a membrane, thereto in an efficient manner.
  • a constructional element comprises oppositely facing first and second faces, insulation material in fixed position between said first and second faces, and retention means between said first and second faces, being held in position by said insulation material, said retention means being for the reception and retention, in use, of fixing means to fix a member-to a face of the element, with the retention means being such as to distribute therethrough any load/force attempting to release the fixing means, wherein at least one of said first and second faces carries markings, in the form of lines corresponding to the sides of a channel defined by the retention means, to indicate the position of the retention means within the element.
  • the retention means is an elongated bar, for example of channel-section, embedded in said insulation material.
  • the bar is metallic, for example steel, but it could be of plastics material.
  • Figure 1 shows one embodiment of a constructional element of the invention, in the form of a roof insulation board 10 of rectangular form.
  • the board has respective first and second oppositely directed faces 11, 12 which are intended to form, in use, inner and outer sides of the board.
  • the board illustrated is of composite form, with one of the faces being defined on a member which contributes considerable depth to the board, as will be described, its faces 11, 12, can alternatively be formed by identical facing sheets or equivalent thin members.
  • the composite board illustrated has its face 11 defined by a relatively thin inside material layer 13, whilst its face 12 is defined by a thicker outside material board 14.
  • the invention does not relate to the nature or number of the layers/boards which make up the composite board 10, but more to the interior construction between said members.
  • this insulation layer 15 can be made up of a series of abutting elongate foamed inserts or blocks of square or rectangular cross-section extending, in the embodiment illustrated, parallel to the shorter sides of the board.
  • the fixing means are in the form of steel bars, one of which is shown at 16 in the cut-away area of the board shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the bars need not be steel and could thus be of any other suitable metallic construction. The use of wooden bars is also possible.
  • the retention means could be other than bars, and could, in some instances be of plastics material.
  • plastics material channel-sections, or other plastics material forms which are not fully flexible it would be possible to use perforated metal sheet or plate.
  • Fully flexible metal or plastics material forms which could be rolled up in the manner of a sheet would not be suitable, since, as will be explained, such forms would not, in use, satisfactorily distribute therethrough fixing means pull-out load, due to their lack of sufficient rigidity.
  • a number of parallel, spaced, normally equispaced, such bars 16 can be provided, these extending parallel to either the longer or shorter sides of the board as required.
  • the bar 16 can be of inverted rectangular externally lipped-channel section, namely of top hat form, a lip being denoted by numeral 17.
  • the bar is completely embedded in, and thus fixed in position by, the insulation material, which itself, firmly bonds with each of the layers 13 and 14 and thus is also itself firmly fixed in position.
  • the insulation could be formed by abutting lengths of insulation material, but here these would still tightly engage and encompass each bar, with material sandwiching the lips 17 therebetween and normally extending into the channel-section.
  • the bars such as a non-lipped channel section
  • the retention means instead of the retention means being continuous, a number of separate, discrete spaced elements could be embedded in the same manner, along a line parallel to either the longer or shorter sides of the board as described.
  • the retention means would normally lie centrally within the board, i.e. mid-way between the faces 11, 12, or mid-way between opposite faces of the foam layer of the board.
  • the retention means would normally be accurately positioned. Markings 18, to be described, show the disposition of the retention means.
  • One object of providing the retention means within the roof insulation board is to enable convenient fixing of a waterproofing element 19, i.e. a felt sheet, at the outer face 12 of the board in the manner of the prior art referred to.
  • a waterproofing element 19 i.e. a felt sheet
  • the mechanical fixing means can now be shorter in that they do not have to penetrate down into the deck.
  • the fixing means will take less time to apply, particularly in that they do now not have to penetrate into concrete or equivalent.
  • the fixing means/fixings do not pass out of the insulation board, there is no puncturing of the vapour control layer which, with prior art constructions, leads to destruction of the vapour control for which the layer is actually provided.
  • the mechanical fixings would normally be conventional headed screws 20, the screw head, for example, engaging a fixing plate 21 or washer on the waterproof layer 19 to hold the layer tightly down onto the surface 11 or 12 of the board.
  • the plate/washer 21 may however be optional.
  • the fixing could alternatively comprise a conventionally screwed shank together with an integral extension part, for example to retain something other than a sheet, such as a pipe or the like.
  • Figure 1 shows, in phantom, markings 18 in the form of lines on the outer surface 12 of the board, which lines correspond to the sides of the channel defined by each bar, so that a user can readily ascertain where the retention means are located within the boards and can thus, in use, fix the waterproofing layer 19 to this outer side surface 12 by means of mechanical fixing elements, e.g. said screws 20, passing through the outside board 14 and into the base of the inverted channel-section provided by the bar 16.
  • mechanical fixing elements e.g. said screws 20
  • the fixing elements would be such that they would have their respective ends received into the bar 16 as a tight secure fit thereby retaining the fully tightened fixing element in position so as securely to fix the waterproofing membrane to the outer side surface 12, with each fixing element having its end terminating inside the composite board 10, so as not to pass therethrough and puncture the vapour control layer.
  • the lines 18 could also or instead be provided on surface 11, and the board 10 used with fixings passing into it initially through the layer 13.
  • the fixings can be inserted into the board at any position along the length of the bar as indicated by the markings 18.
  • the bar or equivalent retention means could be discontinuous, and the discrete retention means could be other than linearly aligned. Appropriate markings will still however be provided.
  • pre-formed fixing positions could be provided along the length of a bar, or in each separate spaced discrete retention means provided in a line across the board. Again, however, it may be desirable/necessary to provide indications on the face of the board as to where said pre-formed fixing positions are disposed. These markings can be in addition to those showing the retention means themselves.
  • the uppermost base of the bar is substantially flush with the inner surface of the board 14, this is only the arrangement for this illustrated embodiment, and in an alternative embodiment, even if the outer side is provided by a board rather than a layer such as 13, the upper surface of the bar could be covered with foam material.
  • the retention means is fixed sufficiently securely in position between the inner and outer sides of the composite board 10 by means of the foam material, even though this may not encompass, enclose or surround all parts of the retention means in question.
  • the advantage of the retention means of the present invention is its ability to spread, and thus distribute through the retention means, any force/load which may be applied to inserted fixing means to try to release and/or remove them.
  • an important application of a constructional element of the invention is at a roof deck, where a waterproof layer is fixed to the outer face of the board. Should any wind find its way underneath the waterproof layer it will tend to lift the layer, and thus a pull-out force/load will be exerted upon the fixing means i.e. the screws 20.
  • fixing means have been used which merely have barbs to engage through mesh nets within a foamed insulation board.
  • Such fixings can be regarded either as only temporary or as being unable permanently to resist wind forces or other pull-out loads. Even if screws are used with such mesh net constructions, resistance to pull-out loads is low.
  • the retention means are sufficiently inflexible so as spread/distribute any pull-out load/force applied to the fixing means engaged therewith.
  • plain bars, sheets and plates the screws cut a thread therein to provide a secure fixing, in contrast to the use of barbs. Where the bar, sheet or plate has a preformed fixing position therein, the screw would still tightly engage thereat, and with a perforated sheet the arrangement would be the same.
  • the engagement of the fixing means is greatly improved over that of the prior art, so that with a suitably calculated spacing of fixing elements along the retention means, such as in Figure 1, the layer 19 is held firmly in place and resists any wind load attempting to displace it. Additionally the fixing is unaffected by foot traffic on the board forming the roof.
  • the board would normally, in use, be adhesively secured at its face 11 to a vapour control layer, which itself, at its opposite side, would be adhesively secured to a roof deck or equivalent.
  • a vapour control layer could be omitted.
  • the board would still be advantageous in providing for the use of fixing means which do not have to extend through and be engaged with the roof deck.
  • the inner side 11 would be adhesively compatible.
  • a longer screw or other fixing could be used to fix another member on top of the layer 19, such as a second insulation board without such retention means therein.
  • the screw or other fixing would pass from the outer surface of the second board, through the second board, through the layer 19 and into the retention means in the first (inner) board 10.
  • the bars 16 or equivalent may need to be positioned at pre-determined heights in the foam.
  • the material forming the outer side surface 12 of the board can be rigid or flexible, for example plywood, rockfibre, aluminium foil or bituminous glassfibre tissue.
  • Opposite interlocking sides of the board respectively can be provided, in a conventional manner, with tongues and grooves thereby ensuring a level joint between adjacent boards.
  • a row of such boards can be interlocked to provide a continuous line of fixing bars 16 by way of the markings 18 on the outer sides of the board faces, with, for example, the boards being staggered in adjacent rows.
  • the retention means have been described as extending linearly, and parallel to one of the pairs of parallel sides of the board, it will be appreciated that the invention is also applicable to board shapes other than rectangular and that in addition the positioning of retention means could be more arbitrary and thus need not be in linear arrangements. However as mentioned above, it is clearly desirable for some marking of the position of each retention means to be provided. Although as shown in Figure 2, the bar 16 terminates short of the side edge of the board, the bar could instead terminate flush therewith and could thus be visible at at least one edge of the board. The advantage of terminating the bar short of said edge, is that the tongue and groove arrangement described can be provided with each board.
  • each retention means is fixed in or by foam between the upper and lower faces of the board, various parts of the board between fixing means, or away from a sole fixing means, need not be provided with insulation material.
  • insulation material As used herein, the term 'insulation' includes insulation in relation to heat and also sound.
  • the constructional element could take the form of a panel or equivalent instead of a board.
  • the boards/panels can be produced by either a non-continuous or a continuous process.
  • a foam block has one of its faces slotted and one or more inverted channel- section bars are engaged onto the one face with the arms of the channel received in the slots.
  • a further foam block is then placed onto and secured to said face to form a composite-foamed board.
  • Required opposite outer facings can then be adhered to the two exterior faces of the board.
  • the lipped channel section of the drawings is fitted between two foam blocks adhered together, the engaged faces of the blocks having respective projection and recess formations to be received in and receive the channel section, the channel lips 17 being tightly received between the engaged faces.
  • upper and lower board facings could be fed continuously at a required spacing apart to a location where two foam guns supply foam to the respective facing (inner) surfaces of said facings.
  • the retention means Centrally between the facings is continuously fed the retention means, which is thus accurately positioned and secured in place as the foam hardens.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Elément de construction comprenant des première et deuxième faces à orientation opposée (11, 12), un matériau isolant (15) dans une position fixe entre lesdites première et deuxième faces, et un moyen de retenue (16) entre lesdites première et deuxième faces, retenu dans sa position par ledit matériau isolant, ledit moyen de retenue servant, en service, à la réception et à la retenue de moyens de fixation (20) pour fixer un élément (19) sur une face de l'élément, le moyen de retenue étant tel à assurer la distribution correspondante d'une quelconque charge/force tendant à dégager les moyens de fixation, dans lequel au moins une desdites première et deuxième faces comporte des repères (18), sous forme de lignes correspondant aux côtés d'un canal défini par le moyen de retenue, pour indiquer la position de l'élément de retenue dans l'élément.
  2. Elément selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moyen de retenue (16) comporte une surface lisse servant à recevoir et à retenir des moyens de fixation sous forme de vis (20) par suite de leur découpage d'un filetage correspondant.
  3. Elément selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le moyen de retenue (16) est retenu dans sa position entre des sections séparées dudit matériau isolant (15) s'engageant dans ledit moyen.
  4. Elément selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les sections séparées sont constituées par des blocs respectifs de matériau expansé.
  5. Elément selon les revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le moyen de retenue (16) est retenu dans sa position dans une section solidaire dudit matériau isolant (15).
  6. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moyen de retenue (16) est agencé à mi-chemin ou pratiquement à mi-chemin entre lesdites première et deuxième faces (11, 12).
  7. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le moyen de retenue est constitué par une barre (16).
  8. Elément selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la barre (16) a une section en canal.
  9. Elément selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la barre (16) a une section en canal à rebord externe.
  10. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel la barre est composée de métal.
  11. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, dans lequel la barre est composée d'un matériau plastique.
  12. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel le moyen de retenue est constitué par une feuille/plaque.
  13. Elément selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la feuille/plaque est perforée.
  14. Elément selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la feuille/plaque est composée de métal.
  15. Elément selon la revendication 13, dans lequel la feuille/plaque est composée d'un matériau plastique.
  16. Elément selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moyen de retenue (16) s'étend en continu d'un côté ou pratiquement d'un côté vers un côté opposé ou pratiquement vers un côté opposé de l'élément.
  17. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel une série de moyens de retenue espacés séparés s'étend entre les côtés opposés de l'élément.
  18. Elément selon la revendication 17, dans lequel la série de moyens de retenue est agencée de manière linéaire.
  19. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant des moyens de fixation (20) pour fixer ledit élément (19) sur ladite face de l'élément.
  20. Elément selon la revendication 19, dans lequel le ou chaque moyen de fixation s'étend à travers une seule desdites première et deuxième faces (11, 12).
  21. Elément selon les revendications 19 ou 20, dans lequel le ou chaque moyen de fixation est constitué par une vis (20).
  22. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 6 ou selon la revendication 16, ou les revendications 17 et 19 lorsqu'elles dépendent de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant un moyen de retenue métallique.
  23. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 ou selon la revendication 16, ou les revendications 17 et 19 lorsqu'elles dépendent de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant un moyen de retenue composé d'un matériau plastique.
  24. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, ou selon les revendications 12 et 13, ou la revendication 16, ou les revendications 17 et 19 lorsqu'elles dépendent de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, comprenant un moyen de retenue composé de bois.
EP97945950A 1996-12-04 1997-11-26 Element de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0943042B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9625159 1996-12-04
GBGB9625159.0A GB9625159D0 (en) 1996-12-04 1996-12-04 Constructional element
PCT/GB1997/003241 WO1998024991A1 (fr) 1996-12-04 1997-11-26 Element de construction

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0943042A1 EP0943042A1 (fr) 1999-09-22
EP0943042B1 true EP0943042B1 (fr) 2004-08-11

Family

ID=10803897

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97945950A Expired - Lifetime EP0943042B1 (fr) 1996-12-04 1997-11-26 Element de construction

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0943042B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5127498A (fr)
DE (1) DE69730236D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9625159D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998024991A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10244320A1 (de) * 2002-09-23 2004-04-01 Christian Rinne Vollwärmeschutz für einen Sturz

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3401494A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-09-17 Dallas A. Anderson Metal stud for polystyrene foam sheets
US4641469A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-02-10 Wood Edward F Prefabricated insulating panels
DE4011437A1 (de) * 1989-11-13 1991-05-16 Mario Flepp Montageunterlage zur befestigung von bauteilen an einer isolation und verwendung derselben

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0943042A1 (fr) 1999-09-22
GB9625159D0 (en) 1997-01-22
WO1998024991A1 (fr) 1998-06-11
DE69730236D1 (de) 2004-09-16
AU5127498A (en) 1998-06-29

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