EP0942240A1 - Boiler for liquid, gaseous or powdery fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The boiler has a tank (10) partially filled with heat carrier fluid (20), and with a downward projecting combustion chamber tube (40). Hot combustion gases exit from the open bottom end of the tube. The tube projects into an outer combustion chamber section (50), open at the top, which receives the hot gases and discharges them in an upward direction. The combustion chamber section floats in the fluid inside the tank. It is vertically moveable, so that it is surrounded by the fluid, except for a section around its top edge, to transmit the heat generated by combustion into the heat carrier fluid in the tank.

Description

The invention relates to a boiler for liquid, gaseous and / or dusty fuels, which partially with a container filled as a heat transfer fluid and has a combustion chamber tube projecting downwards in the container, from its open lower end those produced by a burner hot combustion gases escape. This has in the container contained liquid not only the function of a heat transfer medium for picking up and transporting the in the hot Combustion gases contain thermal energy, but also the Function of a cleaning agent to free the combustion gases of unwanted pollutants. For this purpose the Combustion gases brought into direct contact with the liquid. This has the further advantage that also in the combustion gases contained heat of condensation used thereby is that the combustion gases are brought to a temperature which enables the latent heat contained in these to be absorbed a downstream heat exchanger through constant condensation to remove the combustion gases at all operating temperatures. So that the level of the liquid bath in the container cannot exceed a certain amount is an appropriate one Overflow designed in this way. The one in exhaust gas cleaning pollutants released into the heat transfer fluid are neutralized by adding suitable chemicals or passed over a neutralization box. The cooled and cleaned Combustion gases are above the level of the liquid bath discharged from the container. The removal of the combustion gases can be done via a heat exchanger or condenser. The removal of those absorbed by the heat transfer fluid Thermal energy is generally generated through heat exchangers suitable places in the container or in the liquid bath of the container are arranged.

WO 90/12259 A1 describes a boiler of the above type known in which the combustion gases are in direct contact brought with the heat transfer fluid that the Wall of a combustion chamber forming combustion chamber tube in the Tank of the boiler immersed liquid bath is and those emerging at the lower end of the combustion chamber tube Combustion gases in the form of finely divided gas bubbles in the the liquid surrounding the combustion chamber wall rise. This well-known heating boiler is also designed such that by thermal shielding of the combustion chamber by means of the heat transfer fluid the use of plastic as a material for the boiler tank. In the liquid bath there are one or more heat exchangers in the tank, which are also made of plastic. The usage of plastic eliminates the risk of corrosion and allows an inexpensive manufacture of the boiler, which also has a low weight.

A similar boiler is known from DE 195 09 461 C1. There, too, the combustion chamber tube is an immersion tube, the one Surrounds the combustion chamber and its lower open end for dispensing the Combustion gases are immersed in the liquid bath. In the Combustion chamber projects a burner from above, which in turn immerses a combustion chamber insert closed at the bottom. One in Liquid bath provided and on the outer wall of the dip tube adjacent perforated plate is designed in a special way, to the heat and mass transfer of the combustion gases to promote the heat transfer fluid. The dip tube is in shape a jacket-shaped heat exchanger.

In the known boilers described above, at which the lower open end of the combustion chamber tube into the liquid bath is immersed and the combustion gases escaping from it in the heat transfer fluid in the container Pearls up, it is before commissioning and during the Operation of the burner required the liquid from the Push out the combustion chamber or the immersion tube. This can be done by Blowing air through the burner fan and / or by generation a vacuum above the liquid bath outside the combustion chamber or the dip tube happen. This is a stronger one Burner fan, a fan upstream of the burner and / or an exhaust fan is provided. The to operate such Blower additional energy required reduces efficiency of the boiler.

Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer between the combustion gases and the heat transfer fluid as well between the heat transfer fluid and adjacent heat exchangers not optimal, which indicates insufficient mixing of the heat transfer fluid itself is due.

Furthermore occur between hot components, for example are directly exposed to the hot burner gases, and associated colder components mechanical stresses that damage the material and in particular to cracks and can cause breaks. Also corrosion and calcification on the Burner nozzles are likely with this known design. Further If the burner malfunctions, the soot that occurs pressed under the perforated plate arranged in the liquid bath, the serves to distribute the combustion gases in the liquid bath. Thereby the distribution holes in it become clogged Plate.

The object of the invention is to provide a boiler at the beginning described type in such a way that it is as free as possible of material-damaging tensions and yet inexpensive is to be produced. In addition, the boiler should preferably be light and easy to assemble or disassemble without great effort to maintain and clean, environmentally friendly be operated and a further improved efficiency have increased lifespan.

This task is done by one for liquid, gaseous and / or dusty fuels imagined boiler with a partially filled with a liquid serving as a heat transfer medium Container and with one protruding downwards in the container Combustion chamber tube, from the open lower end of which one Burner generated hot combustion gases escape, thereby solved, that an open at the top, closed on the bottom Combustion chamber outer part, into which the combustion chamber tube is spaced all around protrudes and that in the downward direction from the combustion chamber tube escaping hot combustion gases and absorbs them in the upward direction from the combustion chamber, in the in the container existing liquid bath is floating and while doing so is guided in the vertical direction so that the Combustion chamber outer part for transferring those generated by the combustion Heat into the liquid bath in the container Exception of an area adjacent to its upper open edge or at most almost up to its upper open edge of surrounded by liquid. So that can mean hot Expand combustion chamber outer part exposed to combustion gases freely and pull together without damaging the material Tensions occur in or on the combustion chamber outer part itself other components of the boiler are transferred. Furthermore it is easy and inexpensive to manufacture as a separate individual component and also easy to place in the container. In the event of a total burner fault the combustion chamber outer part prevents entry of unburned fuel or other combustion residues in the liquid bath. Furthermore, the floating is suspended Combustion chamber outer part able to occur due to deflagrations Intercept bumps. Furthermore, it can with different burner capacities in its location and quality other burner capacities can be adjusted.

According to the invention is therefore a "floating combustion chamber" provided that with other components of the boiler in none rigid or fixed connection. The combustion chamber outer part can be freely movable in the vertical direction, although an upper and / or lower stop may be provided can to unwanted immersion and / or floating positions to avoid. This also prevents the above open edge of the combustion chamber outer part liquid into the interior this part is running.

The guides for the combustion chamber outer part can be indirect or support directly on the container. Are preferred these guides designed so that the combustion chamber outer part none Make a remarkable sideways movement or an inclined position can take. Preferably, a rotation about your own Axis must be avoided. The guides carried by the container can work with supports that are on the outer wall of the Combustion chamber outer part are attached and, for example, elongated holes can have. Preferably, the outer combustion chamber part in be an annular heat exchanger, which is in the liquid bath surrounds the combustion chamber outer part floating in it.

The combustion chamber outer part can be essentially a pot-like one Shape with a floor that extends downwards. Here the bottom of the combustion chamber outer part is preferably such trained to be called those ejected toward him Combustion gases if possible in the upward direction be strongly calmed. Furthermore, on the inside of the floor protection of the combustion chamber outer part against overheating or erosion protection be provided.

In a preferred development of the invention Combustion chamber outer part a greatly enlarged peripheral wall. This is to ensure that the in the combustion chamber outer part combustion gases redirected in the upward direction emit as much heat as possible and to a high degree are cooled down when they reach the upper edge of the combustion chamber outer part to reach. In this context, the calming of the Combustion gases in the bottom area of the combustion chamber outer part for heat distribution as uniform as possible around the circumference of the Provide the outer part of the combustion chamber.

In a preferred development of the invention, the Heat transfer fluid in the boiler tank circulated such that the liquid in the combustion chamber outer part Flow around the downward direction. The heat transfer from Improved combustion chamber outer part in the heat transfer fluid and at the same time the liquid bath in the container is better be layered.

In a preferred development of the invention, this is Combustion chamber outer part all around at a distance from one in the liquid bath arranged component, open at the top and bottom, the substantially cylindrical in its upper region and is essentially funnel-shaped in its lower region. For the sake of simplicity, this component is called "funnel-like" below Component ". The funnel-like component can thus at least in its lower area the shape of a truncated cone assume that if necessary, a tubular Connect the section in the form of one or more guide tubes can. The funnel-like component serves to increase the flow the "floating combustion chamber" and therefore sees one forced cooling of the floating in the liquid bath Combustion chamber outer part. For automatic opening and closing a possible closure can be bi- or remembering metals use.

In a preferred development of the invention Space between the funnel-like component and the combustion chamber outer part one or more heat exchangers arranged. Through the Circulation and the associated flow around the "Floating combustion chamber" can transfer heat in this area and thus the cooling of the combustion gases in a remarkable Dimensions are increased.

Preferably, the lower open end of the funnel-like ends Component above the bottom of the container and protrudes at a distance into a preferably funnel-widened tube that for draining the liquid to be circulated with a circulating pump connected is. This way, in a desired ratio the relatively hot boiler fluid from inside the funnel-like component colder boiler liquid from the outside be mixed into the container. In this outside area one or more heat exchangers can also be arranged. These can also be integrated into the funnel-like component become. Furthermore, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid causes in combination with the funnel-like component that the entire Liquid content of the container is heated up relatively evenly is, so that after switching off the burner a large amount of heat is available for heating operation. In this way short-term operation of the burner is avoided. Should the circulated Liquid also for cooling hot components of the boiler can be used, it may be appropriate to use this "cooling water" can be removed from the coolest area of the container.

The funnel-like component is preferably made of plastic produced and arranged in a predetermined position in the container that the top of its substantially cylindrical upper area below the level of the liquid bath ends.

In a preferred development of the invention, a the container-closing lid executed so that it in Inside a cavity for receiving the circulated liquid Has. Here, the arrangement is preferably made such that the circulated liquid for easier disassembly of the cover preferably introduced from below into the interior of the hollow lid becomes. In the bottom of the hollow lid are on suitable Provide outlet openings for the circulated liquid which preferably runs there without pressure. Here is the Arrangement preferably made such that the inside of the hollow lid leaking liquid the upper area of the Combustion chamber tube cools as well as cleaning and further cooling that derived from the combustion chamber outer part in the upward direction Combustion gases caused above the liquid bath. The on this way exhausted and extremely Low temperature cooled combustion gases are then turned off the upper area of the container, preferably via an opening in the lid, discharged to the outside.

In a preferred development of the invention is above of the funnel-like component on the outer peripheral wall of the Combustion chamber tube a circumferential, roof-like inner guide component attached, which is dimensioned in the radial direction such that the flowing back into the container from the bottom of the lid Heat transfer fluid not in the outer part of the combustion chamber or "floating combustion chamber" can get. The roof-like interior Guide component preferably runs obliquely downwards and points preferably a circumferential, downward web on, preferably above the level of the liquid bath ends in the container and preferably holes for the passage of the Combustion gases emerging from the combustion chamber outer part. Such an arrangement promotes a more even distribution of Combustion gases in the circumferential direction of the container. The shown Arrangement also has the advantage that the combustion gases not introduced into and dispersed in the heat transfer fluid Need to become. This also eliminates additional energy consumption to apply a corresponding fan power. This improves the overall efficiency of the boiler. Preferably on the roof-like inner guide member still be arranged an overhang component, which from the outer edge of the inner guide member runs arcuately or obliquely downwards and for an even distribution of the combustion gases should worry about the circumference of the container, in particular with a possibly not exactly vertical alignment of the installed boiler. The overhang component thus ensures for an additional jam of the combustion gases and can also be punched.

Below the overhang component or inner guide component is preferably an angled return component provided, which should cause the backflow from the lid Liquid predominantly in the immediate area of the heat exchanger in the space between the funnel-like component and the Combustion chamber outer part arrives.

In a preferred development of the invention is above of the roof-like inner guide component, the combustion chamber tube circular surrounding distribution device for the the backflowing liquid flowing out of the lid and the upward flowing combustion gases provided. This distribution device has such a structure that the combustion gases in intimate contact with the back-flowing heat transfer fluid reach. They are cleaned and cooled further.

The distributor device preferably consists of several stacked ring sheets, the round or slit-shaped Through holes and troughs open in between upwards to have. The stacked ring sheets are in one Way angularly offset that the holes of a ring plate the troughs of an adjacent ring plate face each other and vice versa. Here the backflow collects Liquid first in the wells and then runs through the Holes in the troughs of the ring plate underneath. On in this way the back-flowing liquid flows in a meandering manner through the distribution device.

In a preferred development of the invention is above of the inner roof-shaped guide component and below the Distribution device with a radial distance from the combustion chamber tube roof-like outer guide member arranged that the inner Guide component redirected combustion gases again redirected inward. That way from the inside and outside Combustion gases guided in the guide component then reach the bottom the distribution device.

The roof-like outer guide component can be designed in this way be that there is backflowing liquid on its top which then accumulates over its inner edge to the top of the roof-like inner guide member runs.

In a preferred development of the invention middle area of the hollow cover a through opening for an upper portion of the combustion chamber tube is provided. This upper section of the combustion chamber tube preferably has one smaller diameter than the actual one connected to it Combustion chamber tube and is used to insert a burner tube. Between the bottom of the container lid and the upper combustion chamber tube section smaller diameter is an annular Gap for the exit of part of the returning, recirculated Liquid provided. In this way there is an extraordinary good cooling of the upper end and the upper area of the combustion chamber tube, so that here the mechanical Tensions are minimal and also at this critical point the use of plastic for the manufacture of the lid enables becomes. In this context, it is also an advantage that the combustion chamber tube at the bottom of the lid is preferably not firmly attached, but only through the top wall of the lid is stuck.

To improve the excellent cooling of the upper area of the combustion chamber tube is this upper combustion chamber tube area at a short distance from a cylindrical guide component surround that be attached to the bottom of the lid can. In this way the backflowing liquid is forced in the upper area along the outer wall of the combustion chamber tube to run down until it comes off the roof-like inner guide member is distracted to the outside. It is advantageous that between the combustion chamber tube 40 and the guide member 38 provided annular gap wider at the top than below. Especially the gap width is chosen such that despite the pressure of the Combustion gases the liquid runs down.

In a preferred development of the invention, at least the middle and lower area of the combustion chamber tube designed as a double jacket for thermal insulation.

The combustion chamber pipe including the roof-like interior Guide component and the combustion chamber outer part are advantageous made of stainless steel or special steel or a comparable one other heat and corrosion resistant material, which can also be a non-metal. Of the the heat exchanger surrounding the combustion chamber outer part is preferably made also made of stainless steel or the like, in particular then when it is used for the vertical guidance of the combustion chamber outer part should serve. Otherwise, the heat exchangers can be used equally like the funnel-like component and the container including of the lid are made of plastic. For the distribution device and the outer guide member supporting the distribution device you could also use plastic.

In a preferred development, the overall arrangement is of the boiler so that after dismantling the Container-closing lid the individual components in the interior of the container freely accessible from above and without use of tools can be removed from the container. So is after dismantling the container lid and the combustion chamber tube the combustion chamber outer part forming the "floating combustion chamber" immediately and immediately accessible and can be cleaned easily or be removed from the container. Corresponding also applies to the distribution device after disassembly removed the container lid and, for example, from there deposited soot can be cleaned or replaced without the Having to dismantle the boiler further. Equally, are also immediate the upper heat exchanger and the funnel-shaped component accessible so that the bottom of the container is easy and quick can be checked or cleaned. The trained according to the invention Boiler can be extremely easy and simple Assemble or disassemble and accordingly if necessary also maintain and clean inexpensively.

The simple and quick removal of the container lid will still favored by the fact that at the bottom of the lid Plug connection for the entry of the recirculated, to be returned Heat transfer fluid is provided.

In addition, the one shown according to the invention allows Design of the boiler including the use of Plastic for many boiler components is inexpensive to manufacture with a low overall weight.

Fig. 1 eine geschnittene schematische Seitenansicht eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung,

Fig. 2 eine Teilansicht der Umfangswand eines Brennkammeraußenteils von oben, das bei dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel verwendet wird, und

Fig. 3 eine geschnittene Teilansicht einer Verteiler- und Führungsvorrichtung von der Seite.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of a preferred exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings:

1 is a sectional schematic side view of a preferred embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 is a partial top view of the peripheral wall of an outer combustion chamber part used in the preferred embodiment; and

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of a distributor and guide device from the side.

The preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of a boiler according to the invention has one made of plastic Container 10 having a peripheral wall 12 and a bottom 14. The container 10 is with a liquid serving as a heat transfer medium 20 filled, the mirror with the help of a suitable Way trained emergency overflow 28 on a predetermined upper Level 26 is maintained. The liquid level is there in the container 10 below the level 26, may arise Condensate are fed to the container. Otherwise can the condensate via a known neutralization box be dissipated. This can be done with the help of suitable controls and / or regulations happen.

The open end of the container 10 is with a lid 30 completed. Located in the middle of the lid a feed-through opening 32, at the edge of which a Drawings not shown burner can be flanged. The cover 30 has a hollow interior 31 for receiving recirculated Liquid from the container 10 and on its underside a liquid inlet opening designed as a plug connection 36. Furthermore, there are outlet openings in the bottom of the lid in the manner shown 33 and 35 are provided, from which the interior 31 of the hollow lid 30 preferably circulated liquid leaks without pressure. Here baffle plates can be used as prove appropriate.

For removing the cooled and cleaned combustion gases a through opening 34 is formed in the cover 30.

On the underside of the cover 30 is a cylindrical one Guide member 38 attached to channel the out the outlet opening 35 serves liquid and also can form a stop for other components.

Advantageously, the lid 30 including the Lid designs described above, insofar as this is from thermal and reasons of stability as well as manufacturing reasons is possible made of plastic in the form of an integrated lid unit manufactured that easily on the peripheral wall 12 of the Container 10 can be assembled and disassembled.

Starting from the cover 30, a combustion chamber tube projects into the container 10 40. The combustion chamber tube 40 has at its top End of a tube section 41 tapered in diameter. Of the Pipe section 41 is through the through opening 32 in the lid 30 inserted and serves to accommodate the burner tube of the am Cover 30 flanged burner. As can be seen in Fig. 1 can, is between the tapered tube section 41 of the combustion chamber tube 40 and the bottom of the cover 30 an annular gap is provided, which forms the outlet opening 35. Furthermore, the combustion chamber tube 40 arranged so that between one to the tapered Pipe section 41 adjacent radial wall section 48 of the Combustion chamber tube 40 and the underside of the bottom of the cover 30 a space for that from the annular outlet opening 35 leaking liquid 24 is provided. For the same reason surrounds the guide member 38 of the lid 30 the outer peripheral wall of the combustion chamber tube 40 at a distance.

At a distance from the lower end of the cylindrical guide component 38 is on the outside of the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber tube 40 a roof-like inner guide member 42 firmly attached, which is preferably angled slightly downwards. The outer edge of the circumferential inner guide component 42 goes preferably into a web 44 pointing downwards, in which preferably evenly distributed through holes and / or Slots 46 are provided. The lower edge preferably ends of the web 44 at a distance above the liquid level 26. Advantageously, 42 is on the inner guide member another overhang component serving as a combustion gas balancer 45 arranged as shown in the left half of Fig. 1 is.

The combustion chamber tube 40 forms a "hot combustion chamber" and is in its middle and lower range for thermal reasons preferably double-walled, as also in the left half of Fig. 1 is shown. The combustion chamber pipe 40, including the configurations described above made of stainless steel or another comparable heat and corrosion-resistant material.

The protruding into the interior of the container when assembled Combustion chamber tube 40 is spaced all around in the manner shown surrounded by a pot-like combustion chamber outer part 50, which as separate individual component in the liquid bath 20 floating is. This combustion chamber outer part which forms a "floating combustion chamber" 50 is, for example, by loose side and vertical guides held in such a position that it is freely movable in the vertical direction, so more or can dip less deeply into the liquid bath 20, however never so deep that over an upper edge 58 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 liquid 20 from the inside of the container to the inside of the combustion chamber outer part 50 can run. Furthermore, the combustion chamber outer part led such that there are no sideways and Carry out lurching movements and also do not take an inclined position can. Rotational movements of the outer part of the combustion chamber are also preferred 50 excluded about its own longitudinal axis.

To manage the outer part of the combustion chamber 50 can, for example, on the outer wall of the combustion chamber outer part 50 one or more guide lugs distributed around the circumference 51 be attached, with matching recessed guides work together, directly or indirectly on the container 10 are attached or on and / or on the container 10 support. Relevant guides can also be in an annular Heat exchanger 80 may be provided in the manner shown is arranged in the liquid bath 20.

As is apparent from Fig. 1, the roof-like guide member covers 42 of the combustion chamber tube 40 which is open at the top Combustion chamber outer part 50, so that from the outlet openings 33rd and 35 of the lid 30 flowing back flowing liquid 22nd and 24 does not get inside the combustion chamber outer part 50. In this context, make sure that when starting and Operation of the burner, the combustion chamber outer part 50 is not as high that it floats through the roof-like inner guide member 42 is completed. This can be done using suitable stops or Limiter, but also achieved by appropriate control means become. These control means are then preferably also designed such that that the combustion chamber outer part during the downtimes of the burner 50 occupies such a vertical position that it is completed by the guide member 42.

The peripheral wall 52, 54 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 is trained over a large area by suitable measures, for example emerges from Fig. 2. It can also be ribs or The like may be provided to promote heat transfer. Likewise, on the outside of the combustion chamber tube 40 Ribs or the like may be formed. The lower section or bottom 56 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 is preferably in Extended towards the bottom and designed so that the on hot combustion gases coming from the lower one emerge open end 43 of the combustion chamber tube 40, be calm and in the lateral and upward direction from the combustion chamber in the substantial annular space between the outer wall of the combustion chamber tube 40 and the peripheral wall 52, 54 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 are directed. Advantageously, the bottom 56 of the Combustion chamber outer part 50 with a suitable overheating and Erosion protection 59 designed, which is for example Fireclay or the like can act. Preferably, the Temperature transfer of the trough-like bottom 56 through the outside provided webs are improved.

Otherwise, the combustion chamber outer part 50 is inclusive his above-described configurations made of stainless steel or special steel or a comparable other corrosion, erosion and heat resistant material.

Essentially an open one up and down "funnel-like" component 60 with a towards the Container bottom 14 surrounds conically tapering section 62 in the way shown all around the "hot combustion chamber" forming combustion chamber outer part 50. The upper edge of the substantially cylindrical top portion of the funnel-like Component 60 ends at a short distance below the liquid level 26. The frustoconical section 62 goes in Direction of the container bottom 14 in a guide tube tubular section 64 over. Different from the 1, the tubular section 64 can also omitted or carried out in the form of several tubes.

In the space between the combustion chamber outer part 50 and the funnel-like component 60 is already the one shown addressed annular heat exchanger 80 provided. Alike is in the space between the tubular portion 64 of the component 60 and the container peripheral wall 12 an annular heat exchanger 90 arranged. This can also be added to this or other form can be integrated into the heat exchanger 80. It it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that instead of a single one Heat exchanger also depending on several heat exchangers can be provided by the application. Advantageously is the flow of the upper heat exchanger below that Return connected at the top. The same applies to a second additional heat exchanger integrated in component 60. For the outside of the tank 60 installed heat exchanger would be the lead above to connect the return below. This heat exchanger can be used separately, but also as preheating for the heat exchanger 80 be used.

If the heat exchanger for guiding the combustion chamber outer part 50 is used, it preferably also consists of Stainless steel or the like. Otherwise the heat exchanger also be made of plastic.

The funnel-like component 60 advantageously consists also made of plastic and is in the container 10 in a predetermined Location held. It is evident that the component 60 also used to guide the "floating combustion chamber" can be.

In the lower area of the container 10 is in the middle arranged upwardly funnel-shaped tube 76, in the lower open end 65 of the tubular portion 64 of the Component 60 protrudes at a distance in the manner shown. The widened tube 76 provides a deduction for the one to be circulated Liquid is and is connected to a pipe 72, the leads to the inlet end of a circulation pump 70. The exit end the circulation pump 70 is via a pipe 74 with a plug connection 78 connected to the plug connection 36 in the cover 30th works together. By adjusting the distance between the bottom open end 65 of tubular portion 64 and the funnel-widened tube 76 and / or changing the dimensions of these parts you can easily find the relative amounts of liquid adjust that from the interior of component 60 or the lower region of the container 10 for circulation and cooling should be removed. Other control or Regulatory means are used. Additionally or alternatively can regulate the inlet between sections 62 and 64 of the component 60 are caused by bi- or remembering metals.

In the upper area of the container 10 is below the outlet openings 33 in the bottom of the cover 30 at a distance from it in the shown a distributor device 100 is provided. This Distribution device preferably consists of several on top of each other stacked ring plates 102. In the individual ring plates 102 are evenly distributed through holes and / or slots 104 provided around which the material is crimped in such a way is that between the holes 104 there are open recesses are in the form of troughs 106. In this context reference is also made to the illustration according to FIG. 3. From this goes shows that the ring plates offset so angularly against each other are that the holes 104 of an annular plate 102 the troughs 106th of an adjacent ring plate face each other. The bottom one Sheet metal can be directed radially outward be provided at the bottom. The depression around the culverts around can also run all over become. The arrangement does not change.

Below the distributor device 100 is preferably a roof-shaped outer guide member 110 arranged. The guide component 110 extends from the container wall 12 essentially horizontally inwards. The essentially horizontal Section goes into a vertical on its outside Web 112 over, which is connected to the container wall 12 Edition 11 supports. The upper end preferably protrudes of the web 112 the substantially horizontal portion of the guide member 110 and supports the bottom of the manifold 100 off. Preferably, the inner edge of the horizontal section of the guide member 110 bent upwards so that the Top of the guide member 110 is a circumferential, annular Trough forms. As is apparent from Fig. 1, the horizontal portion of the outer guide member 110 each at a distance from the distribution device 100, from the inside Guide member 42 and from the cylindrical guide member 38.

If an overhang component on the inner guide component 42 45 is arranged, is an angled at the lower end of the web 112 Return plate 114 provided, the inner edge above of the liquid level 26 in the area of the heat exchanger 80 ends as shown in the left half of FIG. 1.

The distribution device 100 and the outer guide member 110 and the return plate 114 can be made of stainless steel or the like, but also be made of plastic.

As is apparent from Fig. 1, the preferred embodiment is of the boiler according to the invention designed such that after dismantling the cover 30, the individual components of the boiler are freely accessible from above and from the container 10 can be removed. So after removing the lid 30 the ring plates 102, the outer guide member 110 and the combustion chamber tube 40 can be removed. The combustion chamber outer part 50 is then also freely accessible and can be removed from the container be taken out. The same applies to the heat exchanger 80, the cylindrical or funnel-like component 60 and the heat exchanger 90. In this connection it should be mentioned that for open up numerous possibilities to a specialist, the aforementioned to attach, hold and close individual components in the container 10 to lead. For example, the combustion chamber tube 40 can be on its lower end have three legs, which are preferably in the Can rest on the combustion chamber outer part 50. On the container bottom 14 can for example three up Support running rails that guide the outer part of the combustion chamber 50 serve. All in or out of the container 10 Pipelines can be used as easily removable plug connections be trained.

The addition of suitable chemicals for neutralization and retention of pollutants can be done in a manner known per se take place and therefore need not be described here. This also applies to the neutralization of a possibly to be discharged Condensate.

To start up a boiler with the one described above preferred construction, the circulation pump 70 is switched on first. A sensor sitting in the circulation circuit (not shown) then releases the burner (not shown).

With the circulation pump 70 running, the pipeline 72 Withdrawn liquid from inside the container 10 and simultaneously via line 74, the hollow cover 30 and the Outlet openings 33 and 35 are fed back to the container 10. The Components of the boiler arranged in the liquid bath 20 designed and arranged in such a way that the most possible when circulating good layered mixing of the entire liquid bath 20 he follows. As previously mentioned, the funnel-shaped tube 76 and the lower end 65 of the optional guide tube 64 designed and dimensioned such that the relative amounts of liquid can be set, the during the circulation space surrounded by component 60 and the space between component 60 and flow through the peripheral wall 12 of the container 10 limited space.

Because by far the largest heat transfer into the heat transfer fluid 20 takes place in the area of the combustion chamber outer part 50, the Overall arrangement can be advantageously designed so that between the combustion chamber outer part 50 and the component 60 considerably higher flow velocity than outside the Component 60 sets. By appropriate design and Dimension is also to ensure that in particular along the enlarged peripheral walls 52, 54 of the Combustion chamber outer part 50 a rapid removal of the heat by the heat transfer fluid 20 flowing past it takes place. There on the other hand, the liquid supplied to the hollow lid 30 for Cooling is used, it may be desirable to the liquid coolest area of the liquid bath in the container refer to.

Following the ignition of the burner, they pass through the combustion process generated hot combustion gases on the open lower end 43 of the combustion chamber tube 40. you will be then calmed in the area of the bottom 56 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 and deflected sideways in the upward direction. Come here the hot combustion gases flowing upwards into intimate contact with the area walls 52 and 54 of the combustion chamber outer part 50 and experience an extraordinary there high cooling. The considerably cooled combustion gases are then from the roof-like guide member 42 in Directed towards the peripheral wall 12 or the web 44. The combustion gases deflected in this way then flow to the one through the holes 46 in the web 44 and the other through the Clearance between the lower edge of the web 44 and the liquid level 26 in a limited by the outer guide member 110 Room. Here, the optionally provided overhang component 45 for an even better distribution of the combustion gases worry about the circumference of the container 10. The generated by it additional accumulation of the combustion gases can then in particular Be an advantage if the boiler is not accurate when installing has been brought into the balance.

The outer guide member 110 directs the combustion gases back in and then flow upwards through the Distribution device 100 and enter an annular space in the top area of the container 10. Find out on the way there the combustion gases further cool down through the interior and outer guide member 42 and 110, and particularly in the Flow through the distribution device 100.

In addition, they are located above the distribution device 100 accumulating combustion gases from the relatively cool liquid sprinkles that from the outlet openings 33 of the hollow cover 30th exit. This portion of the circulated liquid runs in a meandering shape through the distribution device 100 and then runs directly or over the substantially horizontal section of the Guide member 110 on top of the inner guide member 42 and from there via the web 44 or the overhang component 45 and the return member 114 into the space between the funnel-like Component 60 and the combustion chamber outer part 50, preferably in the immediate area of the heat exchanger (s).

The in the manner described above in the liquid bath 20 flowing back liquid comes into intimate contact with the upward flowing combustion gases, which not only cools it but also the pollutants they contain to the flowing and trickling liquid. The be cooled and cleaned combustion gases in this way now either directly or via a condenser (flue gas / fresh air preheating) through the through opening 34 in the lid 30 dissipated to the outside.

In addition, the circulation pump takes care of the hollow cover 30 70 liquid introduced for an extremely effective Cooling of the critical top area of the combustion chamber tube 40. The tapered pipe section 41 of the combustion chamber pipe 40 comes namely already in direct contact within the hollow cover 30 with some of the backflowing liquid that flows over the annular opening 35 leaks from the hollow lid 30 and, like it is shown at 24 on the radial wall portion 48 of the Combustion chamber tube 40 runs. This part 24 of the backflow Liquid is then through the cylindrical, preferably expanded guide member 38 forced on the outer wall the combustion chamber tube 40 to run down until this liquid portion from the inner guide member 42 toward is derived to the outside. This occurs with the exception of the middle and lower region of the combustion chamber tube 40 to the desired strong cooling of the top area of the combustion chamber tube 40.

It should also be noted that the above described preferred embodiment of the invention also features and Combinations of features disclosed that are independent of each other point out inventive aspects and in themselves more advantageous Are applicable. The same applies in particular for the characteristics listed in the subclaims.

Claims (12)

Boiler for liquid, gaseous and / or dusty fuels, containing a container (10) partially filled with a liquid (20) serving as a heat carrier, a combustion chamber tube (40) projecting downward in the container, from whose open lower end (43) the hot combustion gases generated by a burner emerge, and a combustion chamber outer part (50) which is open at the top and closed at the bottom, into which the combustion chamber tube (40) projects all around at a distance and which receives the hot combustion gases emerging from the combustion chamber tube (40) in the downward direction and discharges them from the combustion chamber in the upward direction, wherein the combustion chamber outer part (50) is floatingly supported in the liquid bath (20) present in the container (10) and is displaceably guided in the vertical direction such that it is used to transfer the heat generated by the combustion into the liquid bath in the container (10) with exception an area adjacent to its upper open edge (58) is surrounded by the liquid (20). A boiler according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber outer part (50) to transfer the largest possible amount of heat and to bring about an associated strong cooling as possible of the combustion gases discharged in the upward direction has greatly enlarged circumferential wall (52, 54). Boiler according to one of the preceding claims, for circulating the liquid in the container (10) (20) Means (70, 72, 74) are provided which cause the Liquid (20) the combustion chamber outer part (50) in the downward direction flows around. Boiler according to claim 3, in which to increase the flow the combustion chamber outer part (50) up and down open, essentially cylindrical, funnel-like component (60) the combustion chamber outer part floating in the liquid bath (20) (50) surrounds at a distance. Boiler according to claim 3 or 4, in which between the Combustion chamber outer part (50) and the funnel-like component (60) a preferably ring-shaped heat exchanger (80) in the container (10) is arranged. Boiler according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the lower open End (65) of the funnel-like component (60) in the lower region of the container (10) all around at a distance preferably in an upward direction funnel-widened tube (76) for withdrawing the circulating liquid 20 protrudes. Boiler according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the im withdrawn liquid to be circulated at the bottom of the container (10) preferably from below into the interior (31) of a hollow one Lid (30) of the container (10) is introduced, the bottom Has outlet openings (33, 35) for the circulated liquid. Boiler according to claim 7, in which above the funnel-like Component (60) on the outer peripheral wall of the combustion chamber tube (40) a circumferential, roof-like inner guide component (42) is attached, the outer diameter of which is at least as large like that of the open upper edge (58) of the combustion chamber outer part (50), but preferably smaller than that of the funnel-like component (60). Boiler according to claim 8, in which above the roof-like inner guide component (42) and the combustion chamber tube (40) ring-shaped surrounding distribution device (100) for the backflowing, circulated liquid and the upward flowing combustion gases is provided. Boiler according to claim 9, in which above the inner Guide component (42) and below the distributor device (100) with a radial distance from the combustion chamber tube (40) a roof-like outer guide member (110) is arranged, which of the internal guide member (42) outwardly redirected combustion gases redirected inward again. Boiler according to one of the preceding claims, in the middle of a hollow container lid (30) for an upper tube section, preferably tapered in diameter (41) of the combustion chamber tube (40) has a through opening (32) is the tapered at the bottom of the container lid (30) Pipe section (41) at a distance (35) to the exit of a part (24) surrounding the circulated container liquid. Boiler according to one of the preceding claims, after disassembling a container lid (30) the individual components of the boiler freely accessible from the top of the tank (10) can be removed without tools.

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