EP0942174A1 - Composite material centrifugal fan rotor - Google Patents

Composite material centrifugal fan rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0942174A1
EP0942174A1 EP99420068A EP99420068A EP0942174A1 EP 0942174 A1 EP0942174 A1 EP 0942174A1 EP 99420068 A EP99420068 A EP 99420068A EP 99420068 A EP99420068 A EP 99420068A EP 0942174 A1 EP0942174 A1 EP 0942174A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel according
disc
wheel
ventilation
blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99420068A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0942174B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Francois Emile Godichon
Sylvain Georges Raymond Guillemin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howden Solyvent Ventec SAS
Original Assignee
ABB Solyvent Ventec SAS
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Publication of EP0942174A1 publication Critical patent/EP0942174A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05D2260/37—Retaining components in desired mutual position by a press fit connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/612—Foam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of blowers or ventilation wheels made from materials composite and likely to equip any equipment or installation industrial ventilation systems.
  • the present invention relates to a centrifugal ventilation wheel or helico-centrifugal made from composite materials comprising a series of vanes supported by an annular support structure made of composite materials, and at least one reinforcing hoop based filament windings including reinforcing fibers, by example of carbon, said hoop being arranged coaxially and at near the axis of rotation of the wheel to form a hoop interior.
  • the present invention also relates to a disc made of material composite intended to equip a centrifugal ventilation wheel or helico-centrifugal.
  • Ventilation wheels from composite materials, said ventilation wheels being intended for be used in various character ventilation systems industrial, such as axial flow air compressors or turbine engines.
  • the ventilation wheel is obtained by the resin injection technique in a suitable mold, the mold containing beforehand fibers of composite materials intended for reinforce the entire structure of the ventilation wheel.
  • the centrifugal ventilation wheel obtained by injection constitutes a monobloc assembly including: the rotation shaft, an annular support structure and ventilation vanes arranged radially from said structure.
  • the resin injection production technique remains a high cost manufacturing technique, since fibers commonly used should generally be placed manually in the mold.
  • it has already been proposed to improve the technique for making centrifugal ventilation wheels by resin injection while trying to strengthen the mechanical resistance ventilation wheels thus produced.
  • it has already been proposed to strengthen the resistance to centrifugal loads of the blades ventilation and strengthen their connection with the support structure annular.
  • the proposed improvements then consisted in carrying out reinforcement zones or hoops formed of filament windings carbon fibers located at the base of the blades and at their periphery.
  • the object of the invention therefore aims to propose a new centrifugal ventilation wheel made from composite materials remedying the various drawbacks listed above and whose construction guarantees good resistance to efforts centrifugal as well as rigidity and controlled deformation.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials capable of supporting high peripheral rotation speeds while being performed at from light unitary materials and low cost.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials in which the various composite material elements of the wheel contribute combination of the lightness and general resistance of the wheel ventilation.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for ventilation in composite materials whose balancing is facilitated and improved.
  • Another object of the invention aims to provide a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials, the assembly and making the blades and the entire structure are facilitated.
  • the wheel centrifugal ventilation according to the invention is likely to be used in any ventilation installation, without being limited to one use in CMV installations.
  • the ventilation wheel according to the invention can also be applied, by way of nonlimiting examples, in any primary air fan for a fluidized bed process, or in any ventilation fan for water treatment, or in any centrifugal compression machine whatever its ventilation capacity.
  • the centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention can be advantageously used preferably in medium and high fans and blowers peripheral speed which can go for example up to 400 meters per second.
  • the centrifugal ventilation wheel as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 1A, is made from conventional composite materials known in as such and is intended to be mounted, through hubs and / or counter-hubs ( Figure 5) on a rotation shaft 1 defining an axis of rotation. Conventionally, the wheel or ventilation fan is connected to an engine assembly not shown in the figures.
  • the centrifugal fan wheel comprises a support structure comprising at least two discs 2 coaxial with the axis of rotation, these two discs being brought together in substantially planes parallel to come and grip and fix them, for example by collage, a series of ventilation vanes 3 also produced from preferably in composite materials.
  • the blades 3 form spacers between the discs 2A and 2B which enclose and fix said vanes 3 .
  • the wheel centrifugal ventilation includes an inlet disc marked 2A and a disc rear marked 2B, of identical peripheral diameters, of the order by example of 1690 millimeters.
  • the discs 2A, 2B can be of different diameters depending on the configuration and future use of the wheel.
  • the disks 2A, 2B may be substantially flat discs or, on the contrary, discs not planar and shaped for example according to a shape substantially frustoconical.
  • the centrifugal ventilation wheel comprises discs 2A, 2B associated with a sandwich material 5 ( Figures 1 to 4) having good compressive strength properties, said sandwich material preferably being incorporated into each disc 2A, 2B to fill the intermediate zone of the discs 2 by forming the soul of each disc and therefore excluding the peripheral part of discs and the central part surrounding the axis of rotation 1.
  • each disc 2A, 2B is formed by a set of two skins of composite materials forming respectively for each disc 2A, 2B, an inner skin 6A, 6B, and an outer skin 7A, 7B. Between each pair of skins 6A, 7A on the one hand and 6B, 7B on the other hand, the sandwich material 5 is incorporated.
  • the sandwich material 5 used can either be a solid core sandwich material as shown in FIG. 3 or a hollow core sandwich material as shown in FIG. 4, with a thickness varying according to the size of the wheel, and by way of example a thickness of the order of 20 mm for the dimensions of the discs mentioned above.
  • the density of the foam will advantageously be of the order of 50 to 70 kg / m 3 .
  • the sandwich material with a full core can comprise two or several outer layers 10, 11 of laminated material and a core 12 based on polyurethane foam, and / or filled resin or not.
  • the hollow core sandwich material can advantageously be produced in the form of an aluminum honeycomb structure 15 directly or indirectly incorporated between the internal skins and external respectively 6, 7, the axis of the honeycombs being directed substantially perpendicular to the general extension plane of each disc 2.
  • the support structure of the wheel formed by the pair of discs 2 is made from skins 6, 7 made of materials composites.
  • each skin 6, 7 is formed by a stack of several plies of "prepregs »60, 70 (Fig. 11 to 13) of synthetic fiber fabrics known as such, forming reinforcing layers of tissue which can be carbon fibers, glass fibers or Kevlar fibers or any equivalent material, each layer being impregnated with epoxy resin for example.
  • each disc 2 is improved by making each skin 6, 7 with a stack of several folds 60, 70, each fold consisting of series of radiating sectors 61 (fig. 2) of angles for example substantially equal to 20 degrees.
  • Each radiating sector 61 is placed side by side with partial overlap of the neighboring area immediately adjacent during a "draping" operation after being at pre cut according to a specific template.
  • the different sectors are identically cut to keep the orientation of the also identical fibers.
  • a vacuum is then created under the plastic sheet so as to compaction of the part while eliminating air bubbles and the excess resin which is absorbed by a pumping cloth.
  • the entire stack then undergoes a conventional cycle of autoclave polymerization with several overpressure stages associated with temperature cycles adapted to the materials used artwork.
  • the stiffness of the wheel centrifugal ventilation can be improved by making each skin internal 6A, 6B decreasing in thickness in external radial direction towards the peripheral zone of each disc 2.
  • the skin external 7A, 7B may be of substantially constant thickness.
  • the internal skins 6A, 6B and external skins 7A, 7B can be of either constant or variable thickness. In this last case they can be for example of decreasing thickness radially, and this, either on the internal faces, or on the faces external, or even simultaneously on both sides.
  • each disc 2A, 2B forming a wheel according to the invention comprises an outer hoop 20A, 20B produced at the periphery of each disc 2A, 2B.
  • the ventilation wheel according to the invention also includes a inner fret 21, comprising two individually associated frets to each disc 2A, 2B and denoted respectively 21A and 21B.
  • the inner frets 21A, 21B as well as the outer frets or peripherals 20A, 20B are made from windings filaments including resistant reinforcing fibers, for example of carbon, bound by a resin, of epoxy type, and depending on the case before or after assembling the wheel structure. These reinforcing fibers are arranged in an alignment chosen according to the tensions that undergoes structure.
  • resistant or very resistant reinforcing fibers all fibers, preferably in composite materials but not exclusively in composite materials, of which the mechanical characteristics expressed in terms of the tensile stress value are substantially between 2000 and 4600 Mpa.
  • the inner hoop 21A located at the base of the input disc 2A has a diameter greater than that of the other inner hoop 21B which is associated with the rear disc 2B and is located substantially at the right of the peripheral hoop 20B and in the disk extension plan 2B.
  • the inner hoop 21B is moreover intended to surround the shaft 1 of rotation of the wheel and to serve as an interface with the hub.
  • the fret interior 21A on the contrary, preferably extends in a plane situated in front of the 2A disk extension plan.
  • the frets internal 21A, 21B and peripheral 20A and 20B are maintained in placed at least in part by the prepreg folds 60, 70 (Fig. 11 to 13) forming each internal and external skin, respectively 6A, 6B on the one hand and 7A, 7B on the other.
  • the inner hoop 21A is surrounded at least partially, for example at the level of its two lateral faces 22 and at its lower face 23, by the different folds 60, 70 of the inner skin 6A and the outer skin 7A.
  • Such a provision obviously has for advantage of ensuring better overall hold by improving the resistance to centrifugal forces and considerably limiting the shear due to centrifugal forces between the skins 6, 7 and the sandwich material 5.
  • FIGs 11, 12 and 13 illustrate in more detail the structure of the stack of folds 60, 70 constituting each skin 6, 7 as well as the how the frets 20 and 21 are held in place by said folds.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the maintenance of the inner hoop 21A in and on the input disk 2A.
  • the 60 prepreg folds forming the stack leading to the production of the internal skin 6A completely surround the inner hoop 21A excluding its face upper 24 and cover the plies of prepregs 70 constituting the outer skin 7A. Covering the prepreg folds 60 and 70 is mainly done on the faces lower 23 and lateral 22 of the inner hoop 21A.
  • Figure 12 illustrates the detailed embodiment of the stack and the folds of prepregs 60, 70 at the level of the realization of the hoop device 20B.
  • the peripheral hoop 20B is covered, at the less on its side faces by at least one and preferably several plies of prepregs 60, 70 respectively from the skins internal 6B and external 7B.
  • some plies of prepregs 60, and / or 70 can be folded over level of their terminal ends 61, 71 under the inner face of the peripheral hoop 20B.
  • a partial external reinforcement can be attached or glued against the outer face of the hoop device 20B.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the production of the skins 6B, 7B at the level of the inner fret 21B.
  • the skin internal 6B can advantageously be made from six plies of prepregs 60 directly or indirectly surrounding the lateral 22 and lower 23 sides of the hoop 21B.
  • two prefabricated peripheral crowns 63 are included in the draping constituted by skins 6B and 7B to reinforce the structure at level of the axis of rotation 1.
  • the skin 7B and the folds 70 constituting it reinforce the external face of the disc 2B and ensure the connection and the joint with the end 61 of the prepreg plies 60 which surround the underside 23 of the hoop 21B.
  • Such a configuration of all the prepreg plies 60, 70 ensures good resistance to efforts, in particular centrifugal, of the wheel structure, and to reconcile both the lightness and rigidity in traction and in bending.
  • each disc 2A, 2B comprises an annular balancing zone 40 produced in material liable to be perforated, such as synthetic foam or resin reinforced or not.
  • Balancing zone 40 will therefore have the form a synthetic foam ring located on the periphery, and by example in the immediate vicinity of sandwich material 5, and between this last and the peripheral hoop 20A, 20B and / or the prepreg folds 60, 70, located under the underside of the hoop device 20A, 20B.
  • the balancing of the ventilation wheel can then be made on a fixed spoke at the periphery of the wheel, by direct drilling of the annular balancing zone 40. In the non-through hole realized (figure 6) it is then possible to inject resin to obtain structural bonding of the hole, then insert a piece of lead 41. It is then possible to balance the wheel using several masses punctuals arranged in different radial positions.
  • FIG. 5 shows the means by which the ventilation wheel can be fixed on the rotation shaft driven by a drive member.
  • the ventilation wheel can be fixed by means of a hub 44 and a counter hub 45 of shapes conjugated to the shapes of the inner hoop 21B so as to pinch the latter.
  • the fixing can be done by simple bolting.
  • a mounting game between the hoop 21B and the hub 44 and between the hub against 45 will advantageously provided so as to guarantee centering in operation by pressing the ventilation wheel on the hub 45 without introducing any compression force due to the centrifugal force.
  • the ventilation wheel according to the invention also includes preferably a series of blades 3 made of composite materials and obtained using a conventional vacuum molding technique the autoclave.
  • the blades 3 are produced by molding in from a mold 46 and a counter-mold 47 making it possible to produce each blade 3 individually ( Figure 7).
  • Figure 7 the mold 46 and the counter mold 47 have been illustrated in the demolding position for show the dawn that has just been molded there.
  • the blades 3 will have a cross section substantially in H so as to facilitate the mounting of protections on the vacuum face or the face in pressure of the two faces of the core 3a of each blade 3.
  • the mounting protections may indeed be particularly appropriate when the ventilation wheel is intended to be used in conditions or particularly abrasive or aggressive processes for materials composing the vanes 3. Such conditions are met by example in mechanical vapor compression due to the presence of water particles in the vapor.
  • the blades 3 may be of constant width or not. In the latter case, the discs 2 will be of substantially frustoconical shape.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show how the blades 3 are provided with metal protections, preferably stainless steel.
  • the protections metal may include a pawn 50 surmounted by a crown semi-circular 51 and intended to be integrated into an imprint (not shown in the figures) provided in the disc 2 on the one hand and in a notch 52 machined in the blade 3, and in particular in the edge of attack of souls 3a.
  • the metallic protections also include a first foil 55 intended to be fixed to the pressure face of the blade 3, namely the upper face of the core 3a.
  • the first foil 55 will be provided with a rolled end edge 56 so as to ensure the overlap of the leading edge 3b of the blade 3.
  • a second rolled edge may be provided to cover the trailing edge of dawn 3.
  • the protective device also includes advantageously at least one second metallic foil 57, intended to be fixed on the disc 2 with a flap 58 intended to form an edge folded down on the pressure side of the blade 3.
  • the method of fixing the foils 55 and 57 can be made by gluing with or without a rivet fixation.
  • each disc 2A, 2B that is to say in skins 6A, 6B.
  • the footprints 58, direction, shape and configuration suitable for blades 3, are intended to receive the wings 3c of the blades 3 to facilitate their positioning during the assembly of the pair of discs 2 and the blades 3 arranged between said discs 2. Thanks to the imprints 58, a perfect and rapid positioning of all the blades 3 and discs 2 which can be glued under vacuum in a single operation.
  • the ventilation wheel thus obtained ultimately turns out to be a structure allowing to reconcile lightness and rigidity both in traction and in bending, while being of a relatively simple realization and a relatively low cost.

Abstract

A centrifugal or helico-centrifugal ventilator wheel has a series of blades (3) fixed in place on a supporting structure with two or more coaxial discs (2A,2B) and reinforcing rings (21A,21B) of wound filaments. Each of the discs contains a core layer (5) of a material offering high resistance to compression sandwiched between inner (6A,6B) and outer (7A,7B) skins of a composition material such as multilayer fabric of impregnated synthetic fibers.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique des roues de soufflantes ou des roues de ventilation réalisées à partir de matériaux composites et susceptibles d'équiper tout matériel ou toute installation de ventilation à caractère industriel.The present invention relates to the technical field of blowers or ventilation wheels made from materials composite and likely to equip any equipment or installation industrial ventilation systems.

La présente invention concerne une roue de ventilation centrifuge ou hélico-centrifuge réalisée à partir de matériaux composites comportant une série d'aubes supportées par une structure de support annulaire en matériaux composites, et au moins une frette de renfort à base d'enroulements filamentaires incluant des fibres de renfort, par exemple de carbone, ladite frette étant disposée coaxialement et au voisinage de l'axe de rotation de la roue pour former une frette intérieure.The present invention relates to a centrifugal ventilation wheel or helico-centrifugal made from composite materials comprising a series of vanes supported by an annular support structure made of composite materials, and at least one reinforcing hoop based filament windings including reinforcing fibers, by example of carbon, said hoop being arranged coaxially and at near the axis of rotation of the wheel to form a hoop interior.

La présente invention concerne également un disque en matériau composite destiné à équiper une roue de ventilation centrifuge ou hélico-centrifuge.The present invention also relates to a disc made of material composite intended to equip a centrifugal ventilation wheel or helico-centrifugal.

Il est déjà connu de réaliser des roues de ventilation à partir de matériaux composites, lesdites roues de ventilation étant destinées à être utilisées dans diverses installations de ventilation à caractère industriel, tels que des compresseurs d'air à flux axial ou encore des moteurs à turbines.It is already known to produce ventilation wheels from composite materials, said ventilation wheels being intended for be used in various character ventilation systems industrial, such as axial flow air compressors or turbine engines.

Dans ces appareils connus, la roue de ventilation est obtenue par la technique d'injection de résine dans un moule approprié, le moule contenant au préalable des fibres de matériaux composites destinées à renforcer l'ensemble de la structure de la roue de ventilation. Dans ce type de technique connue, la roue de ventilation centrifuge obtenue par injection constitue un ensemble monobloc incluant : l'arbre de rotation, une structure de support annulaire et des aubes de ventilation disposées radialement à partir de ladite structure.In these known devices, the ventilation wheel is obtained by the resin injection technique in a suitable mold, the mold containing beforehand fibers of composite materials intended for reinforce the entire structure of the ventilation wheel. In this type of known technique, the centrifugal ventilation wheel obtained by injection constitutes a monobloc assembly including: the rotation shaft, an annular support structure and ventilation vanes arranged radially from said structure.

Les inconvénients de cette technique de réalisation des roues de ventilation centrifuge ainsi obtenues résident notamment dans la difficulté de maintenir des fibres de renfort dans une configuration désirée lors de l'opération d'injection. Ceci a pour conséquence de rendre la technique de réalisation complexe et délicate, en multipliant les précautions de fabrication et de conduire à la réalisation de roues de ventilation centrifuge de résistance diminuée, notamment au niveau des aubes de ventilation.The disadvantages of this technique of making the wheels centrifugal ventilation thus obtained resides in particular in the difficulty in maintaining reinforcing fibers in a configuration desired during the injection operation. This has the consequence of make the technique of production complex and delicate, by multiplying manufacturing precautions and lead to the realization of wheels centrifugal ventilation with reduced resistance, especially at ventilation vanes.

Enfin, la technique de réalisation par injection de résine demeure une technique de fabrication de coût élevé, puisque les fibres couramment utilisée doivent en général être disposées manuellement dans le moule. Pour résoudre en partie les problèmes de fabrication mentionnés précédemment, il a déjà été proposé d'améliorer la technique de réalisation des roues de ventilation centrifuges par injection de résine tout en tentant de renforcer la résistance mécanique des roues de ventilation ainsi produite. En particulier, il a déjà été proposé de renforcer la résistance aux charges centrifuges des aubes de ventilation et de renforcer leur liaison avec la structure de support annulaire. Les améliorations proposées ont alors consisté à réaliser des zones ou frettes de renfort formées d'enroulements filamentaires de fibres de carbone situées à la base des aubes et à leur périphérie.Finally, the resin injection production technique remains a high cost manufacturing technique, since fibers commonly used should generally be placed manually in the mold. To partially solve manufacturing problems previously mentioned, it has already been proposed to improve the technique for making centrifugal ventilation wheels by resin injection while trying to strengthen the mechanical resistance ventilation wheels thus produced. In particular, it has already been proposed to strengthen the resistance to centrifugal loads of the blades ventilation and strengthen their connection with the support structure annular. The proposed improvements then consisted in carrying out reinforcement zones or hoops formed of filament windings carbon fibers located at the base of the blades and at their periphery.

De telles mesures ont bien évidemment eu tendance à renforcer la résistance mécanique de certaines zones de la roue de ventilation sans pour autant avoir trouvé une solution générale au problème de la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble de la roue de ventilation centrifuge. Par ailleurs, la question des coûts élevés de fabrication est demeurée également non solutionnée. Such measures have obviously tended to strengthen the mechanical resistance of certain areas of the fan wheel without having found a general solution to the problem of mechanical resistance of the entire ventilation wheel centrifugal. Furthermore, the issue of high manufacturing costs is also remained unsolved.

L'objet de l'invention vise en conséquence à proposer une nouvelle roue de ventilation centrifuge réalisée à partir de matériaux composites portant remède aux différents inconvénients énumérés précédemment et dont la construction garantisse une bonne tenue aux efforts centrifuges ainsi qu'une rigidité et une déformation contrôlée.The object of the invention therefore aims to propose a new centrifugal ventilation wheel made from composite materials remedying the various drawbacks listed above and whose construction guarantees good resistance to efforts centrifugal as well as rigidity and controlled deformation.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de proposer une nouvelle roue de ventilation centrifuge en matériaux composites capables de supporter de hautes vitesses de rotation périphérique tout en étant réalisée à partir de matériaux unitaires légers et de coût faible.Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials capable of supporting high peripheral rotation speeds while being performed at from light unitary materials and low cost.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer une nouvelle roue de ventilation centrifuge en matériaux composites dans laquelle les divers éléments en matériaux composites de la roue contribuent en combinaison à la légèreté et à la résistance générale de la roue de ventilation.Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials in which the various composite material elements of the wheel contribute combination of the lightness and general resistance of the wheel ventilation.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à proposer une nouvelle roue de ventilation en matériaux composites dont l'équilibrage est facilité et amélioré.Another object of the invention is to propose a new wheel for ventilation in composite materials whose balancing is facilitated and improved.

Un autre objet de l'invention vise à fournir une nouvelle roue de ventilation centrifuge en matériaux composites dont le montage et la réalisation des aubes et de l'ensemble de la structure sont facilités.Another object of the invention aims to provide a new wheel for centrifugal ventilation in composite materials, the assembly and making the blades and the entire structure are facilitated.

Les objets assignés à l'invention sont atteints à l'aide d'une roue de ventilation centrifuge réalisée à partir de matériaux composites comportant une série d'aubes supportées par une structure de support annulaire en matériau composite, et au moins une frette de renfort à barre d'enroulements filamentaires incluant des fibres de renfort, par exemple de carbone disposées coaxialement à et au voisinage de l'axe de rotation de la roue pour former une frette intérieure caractérisée en ce que :

  • la structure de support comprend au moins deux disques coaxiaux rapportés l'un contre l'autre qui enserrent et fixent les aubes.
The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a centrifugal ventilation wheel made from composite materials comprising a series of blades supported by an annular support structure of composite material, and at least one reinforcing hoop with a filament winding bar including reinforcing fibers, for example carbon fibers arranged coaxially at and in the vicinity of the axis of rotation of the wheel to form an inner hoop characterized in that:
  • the support structure comprises at least two coaxial discs mounted against each other which enclose and fix the blades.

D'autres détails et avantages de l'invention seront décrits de manière détaillée à la lumière de la description et des exemples illustratifs qui suivent ci-après, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 montre selon une vue en coupe transversale partielle, une roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 1A montre selon une vue en perspective, une roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 montre selon une vue transversale partielle et en perspective, un détail de réalisation d'un disque de support faisant partie de la roue de ventilation illustrée à la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 montre selon une vue en coupe transversale partielle, un premier exemple de matériau sandwich utilisé dans le disque de support montré à la figure 2.
  • La figure 4 montre selon une vue en coupe transversale partielle, un exemple d'un second matériau sandwich utilisé dans le disque de support montré à la figure 2.
  • La figure 5 montre, selon une vue en coupe transversale partielle, un détail de réalisation de la fixation de la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 6 montre selon une vue en coupe partielle d'un disque conforme à la figure 2, un dispositif d'équilibrage d'une roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 7 montre, selon une vue en perspective partielle, la réalisation dune aube destinée à être incorporée dans une roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention selon une forme préférentielle de réalisation.
  • Les figures 8 et 9 montrent selon des vues partielles en perspective, la réalisation et le montage de clinquants de protection sur les aubes d'une roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 10 montre selon une vue en perspective partielle, l'assemblage structural d'aubes de ventilation sur les disques de la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention.
  • Les figures 11 à 13 illustrent, selon des vues en coupe transversales partielles, des détails de réalisation de la structure d'une roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention.
Other details and advantages of the invention will be described in detail in the light of the description and illustrative examples which follow below, given solely by way of nonlimiting examples, in which:
  • Figure 1 shows in a partial cross-sectional view, a centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A shows, in a perspective view, a centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows according to a partial transverse and perspective view, a detail of embodiment of a support disc forming part of the ventilation wheel illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a partial cross-sectional view, a first example of sandwich material used in the support disc shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a partial cross-sectional view, an example of a second sandwich material used in the support disc shown in FIG. 2.
  • Figure 5 shows, in a partial cross sectional view, a detail of the attachment of the centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows in a partial sectional view of a disc according to Figure 2, a balancing device of a centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows, in a partial perspective view, the embodiment of a blade intended to be incorporated in a ventilation wheel according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show according to partial perspective views, the production and mounting of protective foils on the blades of a ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows, in a partial perspective view, the structural assembly of ventilation vanes on the discs of the centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention.
  • Figures 11 to 13 illustrate, according to partial cross-sectional views, details of embodiment of the structure of a ventilation wheel according to the invention.

Dans la description qui suit il sera plus particulièrement fait référence à une roue de ventilation centrifuge réalisée à partir de matériaux composites destinée à être montée et intégrée dans une installation de ventilation destinée à réaliser une compression mécanique de vapeur (CMV)In the description which follows, particular reference will be made to a centrifugal ventilation wheel made from materials composites intended to be mounted and integrated in a ventilation for mechanical compression of vapor (CMV)

Néanmoins, il est bien évident qu'au sens de l'invention, la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention est susceptible d'être utilisée dans toute installation de ventilation, sans être limitée à une utilisation dans des installations de CMV.Nevertheless, it is quite obvious that within the meaning of the invention, the wheel centrifugal ventilation according to the invention is likely to be used in any ventilation installation, without being limited to one use in CMV installations.

Ainsi, alors que l'énergie thermique récupérée dans les installations et procédés de CMV peut être utilisée dans des procédés tels que : la concentration par évaporation, la cristallisation par évaporation, la distillation, la récupération énergétique sur des rejets liquides ou gazeux, le séchage à la vapeur surchauffée, la cuisson-séchage de sous produits animaux, la roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention peut également être appliquée, à titres d'exemples non limitatifs, dans tout ventilateur d'air primaire pour procédé sur lit fluidisé, ou encore dans tout ventilateur d'aération pour traitement des eaux, ou encore dans toute machine de compression centrifuge quelque soit sa capacité de ventilation. So while the thermal energy recovered in the facilities and CMV methods can be used in methods such as: concentration by evaporation, crystallization by evaporation, distillation, energy recovery from liquid waste or gas, drying with superheated steam, cooking-drying animal products, the ventilation wheel according to the invention can also be applied, by way of nonlimiting examples, in any primary air fan for a fluidized bed process, or in any ventilation fan for water treatment, or in any centrifugal compression machine whatever its ventilation capacity.

A titre préférentiel, nullement limitatif, la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention pourra être avantageusement utilisée de préférence dans des ventilateurs et soufflantes à moyenne et haute vitesse périphérique pouvant aller par exemple jusqu'à 400 mètres par seconde.Preferably, in no way limiting, the centrifugal ventilation wheel according to the invention can be advantageously used preferably in medium and high fans and blowers peripheral speed which can go for example up to 400 meters per second.

La roue de ventilation centrifuge, telle qu'illustrée aux figures 1 et 1A, est réalisée à partir de matériaux composites classiques et connus en tant que tels et est destinée à être montée, par l'intermédiaire de moyeux et/ou contre-moyeux (figure 5) sur un arbre de rotation 1 définissant un axe de rotation . De manière classique, la roue ou soufflante de ventilation est reliée à un ensemble moteur non représenté aux figures.The centrifugal ventilation wheel, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 1A, is made from conventional composite materials known in as such and is intended to be mounted, through hubs and / or counter-hubs (Figure 5) on a rotation shaft 1 defining an axis of rotation. Conventionally, the wheel or ventilation fan is connected to an engine assembly not shown in the figures.

Telle que montrée aux figures 1 et 1A, la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention comporte une structure de support comprenant au moins deux disques 2 coaxiaux à l'axe de rotation, ces deux disques étant rapportés l'un contre l'autre dans des plans sensiblement parallèles pour venir enserrer et fixer entre eux, par exemple par collage, une série d'aubes de ventilation 3 réalisées également de préférence en matériaux composites. Selon ce montage, les aubes 3 forment des entretoises entre les disques 2A et 2B qui enserrent et fixent lesdites aubes 3..As shown in Figures 1 and 1A, the centrifugal fan wheel according to the invention comprises a support structure comprising at least two discs 2 coaxial with the axis of rotation, these two discs being brought together in substantially planes parallel to come and grip and fix them, for example by collage, a series of ventilation vanes 3 also produced from preferably in composite materials. According to this arrangement, the blades 3 form spacers between the discs 2A and 2B which enclose and fix said vanes 3 ..

Dans la variante de réalisation montrée aux figures 1 et 1A, la roue de ventilation centrifuge comporte un disque d'entrée noté 2A et un disque arrière noté 2B, de diamètres périphériques identiques, de l'ordre par exemple de 1690 millimètres. Bien évidemment, les disques 2A, 2B peuvent être de diamètres différents selon la configuration et l'utilisation future de la roue. Au sens de l'invention, les disques 2A, 2B pourront être des disques sensiblement plans ou au contraire des disques non plans et conformés par exemple selon une forme sensiblement tronconique.In the alternative embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 1A, the wheel centrifugal ventilation includes an inlet disc marked 2A and a disc rear marked 2B, of identical peripheral diameters, of the order by example of 1690 millimeters. Obviously, the discs 2A, 2B can be of different diameters depending on the configuration and future use of the wheel. Within the meaning of the invention, the disks 2A, 2B may be substantially flat discs or, on the contrary, discs not planar and shaped for example according to a shape substantially frustoconical.

Selon l'invention, la roue de ventilation centrifuge comprend des disques 2A, 2B associés à un matériau sandwich 5 (figures 1 à 4) possédant de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la compression, ledit matériau sandwich étant de préférence incorporé dans chaque disque 2A, 2B pour remplir la zone intermédiaire des disques 2 en formant l'âme de chaque disque et en excluant donc la partie périphérique des disques et la partie centrale entourant l'axe de rotation 1.According to the invention, the centrifugal ventilation wheel comprises discs 2A, 2B associated with a sandwich material 5 (Figures 1 to 4) having good compressive strength properties, said sandwich material preferably being incorporated into each disc 2A, 2B to fill the intermediate zone of the discs 2 by forming the soul of each disc and therefore excluding the peripheral part of discs and the central part surrounding the axis of rotation 1.

Selon une variante préférentielle de l'invention telle que montrée aux figures 1 à 4, chaque disque 2A, 2B est formé par un ensemble de deux peaux de matériaux composites formant respectivement pour chaque disque 2A, 2B, une peau interne 6A, 6B, et une peau externe 7A, 7B. Entre chaque paire de peaux 6A, 7A d'une part et 6B, 7B d'autre part, le matériau sandwich 5 est incorporé.According to a preferred variant of the invention as shown in Figures 1 to 4, each disc 2A, 2B is formed by a set of two skins of composite materials forming respectively for each disc 2A, 2B, an inner skin 6A, 6B, and an outer skin 7A, 7B. Between each pair of skins 6A, 7A on the one hand and 6B, 7B on the other hand, the sandwich material 5 is incorporated.

Le matériau sandwich 5 utilisé peut être indifféremment soit un matériau sandwich à âme pleine tel que montré à la figure 3 ou un matériau sandwich à âme creuse tel que montré à la figure 4, d'une épaisseur variant selon la taille de la roue, et à titre d'exemple d'une épaisseur de l'ordre de 20 mm pour les dimensions des disques mentionnées précédemment. La densité de la mousse sera avantageusement de l'ordre de 50 à 70 kg/m3.The sandwich material 5 used can either be a solid core sandwich material as shown in FIG. 3 or a hollow core sandwich material as shown in FIG. 4, with a thickness varying according to the size of the wheel, and by way of example a thickness of the order of 20 mm for the dimensions of the discs mentioned above. The density of the foam will advantageously be of the order of 50 to 70 kg / m 3 .

Ainsi le matériau sandwich à âme pleine peut comporter deux ou plusieurs couches extérieures 10, 11 en matériau stratifié et une âme 12 à base de mousse de type polyuréthanne, et/ou de résine chargée ou non.Thus the sandwich material with a full core can comprise two or several outer layers 10, 11 of laminated material and a core 12 based on polyurethane foam, and / or filled resin or not.

Le matériau sandwich à âme creuse peut avantageusement être réalisé sous la forme d'une structure de type « nid d'abeilles » en aluminium 15 directement ou indirectement incorporée entre les peaux internes et externes respectivement 6, 7, l'axe des nids d'abeilles étant dirigé sensiblement perpendiculairement au plan d'extension général de chaque disque 2.The hollow core sandwich material can advantageously be produced in the form of an aluminum honeycomb structure 15 directly or indirectly incorporated between the internal skins and external respectively 6, 7, the axis of the honeycombs being directed substantially perpendicular to the general extension plane of each disc 2.

Selon l'invention, la structure de support de la roue formée par la paire de disques 2 est réalisée à partir de peaux 6, 7 en matériaux composites.According to the invention, the support structure of the wheel formed by the pair of discs 2 is made from skins 6, 7 made of materials composites.

Selon une version particulièrement avantageuse de l'invention, chaque peau 6, 7 est formée par un empilement de plusieurs plis de « pré-imprégnés » 60, 70 (Fig. 11 à 13) de tissus de fibres synthétiques connues en tant que tel, formant des couches de renfort de tissus qui peuvent être des fibres de carbone, des fibres de verre ou encore des fibres de kevlar ou tout autre matériau équivalent, chaque couche étant imprégnée de résine époxy par exemple.According to a particularly advantageous version of the invention, each skin 6, 7 is formed by a stack of several plies of "prepregs »60, 70 (Fig. 11 to 13) of synthetic fiber fabrics known as such, forming reinforcing layers of tissue which can be carbon fibers, glass fibers or Kevlar fibers or any equivalent material, each layer being impregnated with epoxy resin for example.

Selon une version préférentielle de l'invention, la rigidité de chaque disque 2 est améliorée en réalisant chaque peau 6, 7 par un empilement de plusieurs plis 60, 70, chaque pli étant constitué d'une série de secteurs rayonnants 61 (fig.2) d'angles par exemple sensiblement égal à 20 degrés. Chaque secteur rayonnant 61 est posé côte à côte avec recouvrement partiel du secteur voisin immédiatement adjacent au cours d'une opération de « drapage » après avoir été au préalable découpé selon un gabarit spécifique. Pour assurer l'homogénéité de résistance de la structure, les différents secteurs sont découpés de manière identique pour conserver une orientation des fibres également identiques.According to a preferred version of the invention, the rigidity of each disc 2 is improved by making each skin 6, 7 with a stack of several folds 60, 70, each fold consisting of series of radiating sectors 61 (fig. 2) of angles for example substantially equal to 20 degrees. Each radiating sector 61 is placed side by side with partial overlap of the neighboring area immediately adjacent during a "draping" operation after being at pre cut according to a specific template. To ensure homogeneity of resistance of the structure, the different sectors are identically cut to keep the orientation of the also identical fibers.

Lorsque l'opération de drapage est terminée, une feuille de plastique souple vient recouvrir le tout hermétiquement avec dépose complémentaire d'un joint d'étanchéité sur le périmètre de la pièce. When the draping operation is finished, a sheet of plastic flexible covers everything tightly with removal complementary to a seal around the perimeter of the room.

On réalise ensuite le vide sous la feuille plastique de manière à réaliser un compactage de la pièce tout en éliminant les bulles d'air et l'excédent de résine qui est absorbé par un tissu de pompage.A vacuum is then created under the plastic sheet so as to compaction of the part while eliminating air bubbles and the excess resin which is absorbed by a pumping cloth.

L'ensemble de l'empilement subit alors un cycle classique de polymérisation en autoclave avec plusieurs paliers de surpression associés à des cycles de températures adaptés aux matériaux mis en oeuvre.The entire stack then undergoes a conventional cycle of autoclave polymerization with several overpressure stages associated with temperature cycles adapted to the materials used artwork.

A titre de variante particulièrement intéressante, la rigidité de la roue de ventilation centrifuge peut être améliorée en réalisant chaque peau interne 6A, 6B d'épaisseur décroissante en direction radiale externe vers la zone périphérique de chaque disque 2. Simultanément, la peau externe 7A, 7B peut être d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. De manière générale, les peaux internes 6A, 6B et externes 7A, 7B peuvent être d'épaisseur soit constante soit variable. Dans ce dernier cas elles peuvent être par exemple d'épaisseur décroissante radialement, et ceci, soit sur les faces internes, soit sur les faces externes, ou même simultanément sur les deux faces.As a particularly interesting variant, the stiffness of the wheel centrifugal ventilation can be improved by making each skin internal 6A, 6B decreasing in thickness in external radial direction towards the peripheral zone of each disc 2. Simultaneously, the skin external 7A, 7B may be of substantially constant thickness. Of generally, the internal skins 6A, 6B and external skins 7A, 7B can be of either constant or variable thickness. In this last case they can be for example of decreasing thickness radially, and this, either on the internal faces, or on the faces external, or even simultaneously on both sides.

La résistance générale de la roue de ventilation centrifuge conforme à l'invention est également améliorée par la réalisation d'anneaux raidisseurs destinés à reprendre tout ou partie des efforts centrifuges résultant de la rotation de la roue. A cette fin, chaque disque 2A, 2B formant une roue conforme à l'invention comprend une frette extérieure 20A, 20B réalisée à la périphérie de chaque disque 2A, 2B.The general resistance of the centrifugal ventilation wheel conforms to the invention is also improved by the production of rings stiffeners intended to take up all or part of the centrifugal forces resulting from the rotation of the wheel. To this end, each disc 2A, 2B forming a wheel according to the invention comprises an outer hoop 20A, 20B produced at the periphery of each disc 2A, 2B.

La roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention comporte également une frette intérieure 21, comportant deux frettes associées individuellement à chaque disque 2A, 2B et notées respectivement 21A et 21B.The ventilation wheel according to the invention also includes a inner fret 21, comprising two individually associated frets to each disc 2A, 2B and denoted respectively 21A and 21B.

Les frettes intérieures 21A, 21B ainsi que les frettes extérieures ou périphériques 20A, 20B sont réalisées à base d'enroulements filamentaires incluant des fibres de renfort résistantes, par exemple de carbone, liées par une résine, de type époxy, et selon les cas avant ou après l'assemblage de la structure de la roue. Ces fibres de renfort sont disposées dans un alignement choisi en fonction des tensions que subit la structure. Au sens de l'invention, il convient d'entendre sous le terme « fibres de renfort résistantes ou très résistantes » toutes fibres, de préférence en matériaux composites mais non exclusivement en matériaux composites, dont les caractéristiques mécaniques exprimées en termes de valeur de contrainte à la rupture sont sensiblement comprises entre 2000 et 4600 Mpa. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, on peut citer des fibres de Verre, des fibres de Carbone ou de Kevlar (aramide). La frette intérieure 21A, située à la base du disque d'entrée 2A est d'un diamètre supérieur à celui de l'autre frette intérieure 21B qui est elle associée au disque arrière 2B et est située sensiblement au droit de la frette périphérique 20B et dans le plan d'extension du disque 2B. La frette intérieure 21B est par ailleurs destinée à entourer l'arbre 1 de rotation de la roue et à servir d'interface avec le moyeu. La frette intérieure 21A s'étend au contraire, de préférence, dans un plan situé en avant du plan d'extension du disque 2A.The inner frets 21A, 21B as well as the outer frets or peripherals 20A, 20B are made from windings filaments including resistant reinforcing fibers, for example of carbon, bound by a resin, of epoxy type, and depending on the case before or after assembling the wheel structure. These reinforcing fibers are arranged in an alignment chosen according to the tensions that undergoes structure. For the purposes of the invention, it should be understood under the term "resistant or very resistant reinforcing fibers" all fibers, preferably in composite materials but not exclusively in composite materials, of which the mechanical characteristics expressed in terms of the tensile stress value are substantially between 2000 and 4600 Mpa. By way of nonlimiting example, we may cite Glass fibers, Carbon fibers or Kevlar fibers (aramid). The inner hoop 21A, located at the base of the input disc 2A has a diameter greater than that of the other inner hoop 21B which is associated with the rear disc 2B and is located substantially at the right of the peripheral hoop 20B and in the disk extension plan 2B. The inner hoop 21B is moreover intended to surround the shaft 1 of rotation of the wheel and to serve as an interface with the hub. The fret interior 21A, on the contrary, preferably extends in a plane situated in front of the 2A disk extension plan.

Tel que cela est montré aux figures 1 et 2 notamment, les frettes intérieures 21A, 21B et périphériques 20A et 20B sont maintenues en place au moins en partie par les plis de pré-imprégnés 60, 70 (Fig. 11 à 13) formant chaque peau interne et externe, respectivement 6A, 6B d'une part et 7A, 7B d'autre part. Ainsi la frette intérieure 21A est entourée au moins partiellement, par exemple au niveau de ses deux faces latérales 22 et au niveau de sa face inférieure 23, par les différents plis 60, 70 de la peau interne 6A et de la peau externe 7A. Il en est de même pour l'autre frette interne 21B et pour chaque frette périphérique 20A, 20B. Une telle disposition a bien évidemment pour avantage d'assurer une meilleure tenue de l'ensemble en améliorant la tenue aux efforts centrifuges et en limitant considérablement le cisaillement dû aux efforts centrifuges entre les peaux 6, 7 et le matériau sandwich 5.As shown in Figures 1 and 2 in particular, the frets internal 21A, 21B and peripheral 20A and 20B are maintained in placed at least in part by the prepreg folds 60, 70 (Fig. 11 to 13) forming each internal and external skin, respectively 6A, 6B on the one hand and 7A, 7B on the other. So the inner hoop 21A is surrounded at least partially, for example at the level of its two lateral faces 22 and at its lower face 23, by the different folds 60, 70 of the inner skin 6A and the outer skin 7A. he the same is true for the other internal fret 21B and for each fret device 20A, 20B. Such a provision obviously has for advantage of ensuring better overall hold by improving the resistance to centrifugal forces and considerably limiting the shear due to centrifugal forces between the skins 6, 7 and the sandwich material 5.

Les figures 11, 12 et 13 illustrent plus en détail la structure de l'empilement des plis 60, 70 constituant chaque peau 6, 7 ainsi que la façon dont les frettes 20 et 21 sont maintenues en place par lesdits plis.Figures 11, 12 and 13 illustrate in more detail the structure of the stack of folds 60, 70 constituting each skin 6, 7 as well as the how the frets 20 and 21 are held in place by said folds.

Ainsi la figure 11 illustre le maintien de la frette intérieure 21A dans et sur le disque d'entrée 2A. Les plis de pré-imprégnés 60 formant l'empilement conduisant à la réalisation de la peau interne 6A entourent complètement la frette intérieure 21A à l'exclusion de sa face supérieure 24 et viennent recouvrir les plis de pré-imprégnés 70 constituant la peau externe 7A. Le recouvrement des plis de pré-imprégnés 60 et 70 s'effectue principalement au niveau des faces inférieures 23 et latérales 22 de la frette intérieure 21A. La figure 12 illustre le mode de réalisation détaillée de l'empilement et des plis de pré-imprégnés 60, 70 au niveau de la réalisation de la frette périphérique 20B. Ainsi, la frette périphérique 20B est recouverte, au moins sur ses faces latérales par au moins un et de préférence plusieurs plis de pré-imprégnés 60, 70 issus respectivement des peaux internes 6B et externe 7B. Comme cela est visible à partir de la figure 12, certains plis de pré-imprégnés 60, et/ou 70 peuvent être repliés au niveau de leurs extrémités terminales 61, 71 sous la face intérieure de la frette périphérique 20B. Accessoirement, un renfort partiel externe peut être rapporté ou collé contre la face externe de la frette périphérique 20B.FIG. 11 illustrates the maintenance of the inner hoop 21A in and on the input disk 2A. The 60 prepreg folds forming the stack leading to the production of the internal skin 6A completely surround the inner hoop 21A excluding its face upper 24 and cover the plies of prepregs 70 constituting the outer skin 7A. Covering the prepreg folds 60 and 70 is mainly done on the faces lower 23 and lateral 22 of the inner hoop 21A. Figure 12 illustrates the detailed embodiment of the stack and the folds of prepregs 60, 70 at the level of the realization of the hoop device 20B. Thus, the peripheral hoop 20B is covered, at the less on its side faces by at least one and preferably several plies of prepregs 60, 70 respectively from the skins internal 6B and external 7B. As can be seen from the figure 12, some plies of prepregs 60, and / or 70 can be folded over level of their terminal ends 61, 71 under the inner face of the peripheral hoop 20B. Incidentally, a partial external reinforcement can be attached or glued against the outer face of the hoop device 20B.

La figure 13 illustre la réalisation des peaux 6B, 7B au niveau de la frette intérieure 21B. Selon les détails de réalisation illustrés, la peau interne 6B peut être réalisée avantageusement à partir de six plis de pré-imprégnés 60 venant entourer directement ou indirectement les faces latérales 22 et inférieures 23 de la frette 21B. Tel que cela est montré à la figure 13, il est envisageable d'avoir recours à des plis de pré-imprégnés 62 sous forme de bandes de dimensions et longueurs réduites pour reconstituer au voisinage immédiat la frette 21B un empilement et un renfort ponctuel de la frette au niveau de l'axe de rotation 1 en plus des peaux 6B, 7B. Avantageusement, deux couronnes périphériques 63 préfabriquées sont incluses dans le drapage constitué par les peaux 6B et 7B pour renforcer la structure au niveau de l'axe de rotation 1. La peau 7B et les plis 70 la constituant viennent renforcer la face externe du disque 2B et assurer la liaison et la jointure avec l'extrémité 61 des plis de pré-imprégnés 60 qui entourent la face inférieure 23 de la frette 21B.FIG. 13 illustrates the production of the skins 6B, 7B at the level of the inner fret 21B. According to the illustrated embodiment details, the skin internal 6B can advantageously be made from six plies of prepregs 60 directly or indirectly surrounding the lateral 22 and lower 23 sides of the hoop 21B. As it is shown in Figure 13, it is possible to use folds of prepregs 62 in the form of strips of dimensions and lengths reduced to reconstitute in the immediate vicinity the fret 21B a stacking and a specific reinforcement of the hoop at the level of the axis of rotation 1 in addition to the skins 6B, 7B. Advantageously, two prefabricated peripheral crowns 63 are included in the draping constituted by skins 6B and 7B to reinforce the structure at level of the axis of rotation 1. The skin 7B and the folds 70 constituting it reinforce the external face of the disc 2B and ensure the connection and the joint with the end 61 of the prepreg plies 60 which surround the underside 23 of the hoop 21B.

Une telle configuration de l'ensemble des plis de pré-imprégnés 60, 70 permet de garantir une bonne tenue aux efforts, notamment centrifuges, de la structure de la roue, et de concilier à la fois la légèreté et la rigidité en traction et en flexion.Such a configuration of all the prepreg plies 60, 70 ensures good resistance to efforts, in particular centrifugal, of the wheel structure, and to reconcile both the lightness and rigidity in traction and in bending.

De manière avantageuse, l'équilibrage de chaque roue de ventilation sera réalisé au niveau de chaque disque 2A, 2B. Ainsi chaque disque 2A, 2B comporte une zone annulaire d'équilibrage 40 réalisée en matériau susceptible d'être perforé, du type mousse synthétique ou résine renforcée ou non. La zone d'équilibrage 40 aura donc la forme d'un anneau en mousse synthétique situé en périphérie, et par exemple au voisinage immédiat, du matériau sandwich 5, et entre ce dernier et la frette périphérique 20A, 20B et/ou les plis de pré-imprégnés 60, 70, situés sous la face inférieure de la frette périphérique 20A, 20B. Tel que cela est particulièrement bien montré à la figure 6, l'équilibrage de la roue de ventilation peut alors être effectué sur un rayon fixe à la périphérie de la roue, par perçage direct de la zone annulaire d'équilibrage 40. Dans le trou non débouchant réalisé (figure 6) il est alors possible d'injecter de la résine pour obtenir un collage structural du perçage, puis d'y insérer un morceau de plomb 41. Il est alors possible d'équilibrer la roue à l'aide de plusieurs masses ponctuelles disposées selon différentes positions radiales.Advantageously, the balancing of each ventilation wheel will be performed on each disc 2A, 2B. So each disc 2A, 2B comprises an annular balancing zone 40 produced in material liable to be perforated, such as synthetic foam or resin reinforced or not. Balancing zone 40 will therefore have the form a synthetic foam ring located on the periphery, and by example in the immediate vicinity of sandwich material 5, and between this last and the peripheral hoop 20A, 20B and / or the prepreg folds 60, 70, located under the underside of the hoop device 20A, 20B. As is particularly well shown at Figure 6, the balancing of the ventilation wheel can then be made on a fixed spoke at the periphery of the wheel, by direct drilling of the annular balancing zone 40. In the non-through hole realized (figure 6) it is then possible to inject resin to obtain structural bonding of the hole, then insert a piece of lead 41. It is then possible to balance the wheel using several masses punctuals arranged in different radial positions.

La figure 5 montre le moyen par lequel la roue de ventilation peut être fixée sur l'arbre de rotation entraíné par un organe moteur. A titre d'exemple, la roue de ventilation peut être fixée par l'intermédiaire d'un moyeu 44 et d'un contre-moyeu 45 de formes conjuguées aux formes de la frette intérieure 21B de manière à venir pincer cette dernière. La fixation peut être effectuée par simple boulonnage. Un jeu de montage entre la frette 21B et le moyeu 44 et entre le contre-moyeu 45 sera avantageusement prévu de manière à garantir un centrage en fonctionnement par appui de la roue de ventilation sur le moyeu 45 sans introduire d'effort de compression dû à la force centrifuge.Figure 5 shows the means by which the ventilation wheel can be fixed on the rotation shaft driven by a drive member. As For example, the ventilation wheel can be fixed by means of a hub 44 and a counter hub 45 of shapes conjugated to the shapes of the inner hoop 21B so as to pinch the latter. The fixing can be done by simple bolting. A mounting game between the hoop 21B and the hub 44 and between the hub against 45 will advantageously provided so as to guarantee centering in operation by pressing the ventilation wheel on the hub 45 without introducing any compression force due to the centrifugal force.

La roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention comporte également de préférence une série d'aubes 3 réalisées en matériaux composites et obtenues selon une technique classique de moulage sous vide à l'autoclave. Selon l'invention les aubes 3 sont réalisées par moulage à partir d'un moule 46 et d'un contre-moule 47 permettant de réaliser chaque aube 3 individuellement (figure 7). Sur la fig.7, le moule 46 et le contre-moule 47 ont été illustrés en position de démoulage pour montrer l'aube qui vient d'y être moulée. Avantageusement, les aubes 3 auront une section transversale sensiblement en H de manière à faciliter le montage de protections sur la face de dépression ou la face en pression des deux faces de l'âme 3a de chaque aube 3. Le montage de protections peut en effet être particulièrement approprié lorsque la roue de ventilation est destinée à être utilisée dans des conditions ou procédés particulièrement abrasifs ou agressifs pour les matériaux composant les aubes 3. De telles conditions sont rencontrées par exemple en compression mécanique de vapeur en raison de la présence de particules d'eau dans la vapeur. Par ailleurs, les aubes 3 pourront être de largeur constante ou non. Dans ce dernier cas, les disques 2 seront de forme sensiblement tronconique.The ventilation wheel according to the invention also includes preferably a series of blades 3 made of composite materials and obtained using a conventional vacuum molding technique the autoclave. According to the invention the blades 3 are produced by molding in from a mold 46 and a counter-mold 47 making it possible to produce each blade 3 individually (Figure 7). In fig. 7, the mold 46 and the counter mold 47 have been illustrated in the demolding position for show the dawn that has just been molded there. Advantageously, the blades 3 will have a cross section substantially in H so as to facilitate the mounting of protections on the vacuum face or the face in pressure of the two faces of the core 3a of each blade 3. The mounting protections may indeed be particularly appropriate when the ventilation wheel is intended to be used in conditions or particularly abrasive or aggressive processes for materials composing the vanes 3. Such conditions are met by example in mechanical vapor compression due to the presence of water particles in the vapor. Furthermore, the blades 3 may be of constant width or not. In the latter case, the discs 2 will be of substantially frustoconical shape.

Les figures 8 et 9 montrent la façon dont les aubes 3 sont pourvues de protections métalliques, de préférence en inox. Ainsi, les protections métalliques peuvent comprendre un pion 50 surmonté d'une couronne semi-circulaire 51 et destiné à venir s'intégrer dans une empreinte (non représentée aux figures) prévue dans le disque 2 d'une part et dans une encoche 52 usinée dans l'aube 3, et en particulier dans le bord d'attaque des âmes 3a.Figures 8 and 9 show how the blades 3 are provided with metal protections, preferably stainless steel. So the protections metal may include a pawn 50 surmounted by a crown semi-circular 51 and intended to be integrated into an imprint (not shown in the figures) provided in the disc 2 on the one hand and in a notch 52 machined in the blade 3, and in particular in the edge of attack of souls 3a.

Les protections métalliques comportent également un premier clinquant 55 destiné à être fixé sur la face en pression de l'aube 3, à savoir la face supérieure de l'âme 3a. Avantageusement, le premier clinquant 55 sera pourvu d'un bord terminal roulé 56 de manière à assurer le recouvrement du bord d'attaque 3b de l'aube 3. De préférence, un second bord roulé peut être prévu pour recouvrir le bord de fuite de l'aube 3. Le dispositif de protection comporte également avantageusement au moins un second clinquant 57 métallique, destiné à être fixé sur le disque 2 avec un rabat 58 destiné à former un bord rabattu sur la face en pression de l'aube 3. Le mode de fixation des clinquants 55 et 57 peut être réalisé par collage avec ou sans rivet de fixation.The metallic protections also include a first foil 55 intended to be fixed to the pressure face of the blade 3, namely the upper face of the core 3a. Advantageously, the first foil 55 will be provided with a rolled end edge 56 so as to ensure the overlap of the leading edge 3b of the blade 3. Preferably, a second rolled edge may be provided to cover the trailing edge of dawn 3. The protective device also includes advantageously at least one second metallic foil 57, intended to be fixed on the disc 2 with a flap 58 intended to form an edge folded down on the pressure side of the blade 3. The method of fixing the foils 55 and 57 can be made by gluing with or without a rivet fixation.

Pour faciliter le positionnement et le montage rapide de l'ensemble des pièces constituant la roue de ventilation conforme à l'invention, il est particulièrement avantageux de réaliser une série d'empreintes 58 (figure 10) dans les faces internes de chaque disque 2A, 2B, c'est-à-dire dans les peaux 6A, 6B. Les empreintes 58, de direction, forme et configuration appropriées aux aubes 3, sont destinées à recevoir les ailes 3c des aubes 3 pour faciliter leur positionnement lors de l'assemblage de la paire de disques 2 et des aubes 3 disposées entre lesdits disques 2. Grâce aux empreintes 58 on obtient un positionnement parfait et rapide de l'ensemble des aubes 3 et des disques 2 qui peuvent être collés sous vide en une seule opération.To facilitate positioning and quick assembly of all parts constituting the ventilation wheel according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to make a series of imprints 58 (Figure 10) in the internal faces of each disc 2A, 2B, that is to say in skins 6A, 6B. The footprints 58, direction, shape and configuration suitable for blades 3, are intended to receive the wings 3c of the blades 3 to facilitate their positioning during the assembly of the pair of discs 2 and the blades 3 arranged between said discs 2. Thanks to the imprints 58, a perfect and rapid positioning of all the blades 3 and discs 2 which can be glued under vacuum in a single operation.

La roue de ventilation ainsi obtenue s'avère en définitive être une structure permettant de concilier légèreté et rigidité à la fois en traction et en flexion, tout en étant d'une réalisation relativement simple et d'un coût relativement réduit.The ventilation wheel thus obtained ultimately turns out to be a structure allowing to reconcile lightness and rigidity both in traction and in bending, while being of a relatively simple realization and a relatively low cost.

Claims (18)

Roue de ventilation centrifuge ou hélico-centrifuge réalisée à partir de matériaux composites comportant une série d'aubes (3) supportées par une structure de support annulaire en matériau composite, et au moins une frette de renfort (21) à base d'enroulements filamentaires incluant des fibres de renfort, par exemple de carbone, disposées coaxialement à et au voisinage de l'axe de rotation (1) de la roue pour former une frette intérieure
caractérisée en ce que : la structure de support comprend au moins deux disques coaxiaux (2A, 2B) qui enserrent et fixent les aubes (3). Centrifugal or helico-centrifugal ventilation wheel made from composite materials comprising a series of blades (3) supported by an annular support structure of composite material, and at least one reinforcing band (21) based on filament windings including reinforcing fibers, for example carbon, arranged coaxially at and in the vicinity of the axis of rotation (1) of the wheel to form an inner hoop
characterized in that: the support structure comprises at least two coaxial discs (2A, 2B) which enclose and fix the blades (3). Roue selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un matériau sandwich (5), possédant de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la compression, incorporé dans chaque disque (2A, 2B) pour remplir la zone intermédiaire du disque en formant son âme.Wheel according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a sandwich material (5), having good properties of compressive strength, incorporated in each disc (2A, 2B) to fill the intermediate zone of the disc by forming its soul. Roue selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que chaque disque (2A, 2B) est formé par un ensemble de deux peaux (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) de matériau composite formant respectivement une peau interne (6A, 6B) et une peau externe (7A, 7B) et entre lesquelles le matériau sandwich (5) est incorporé. Wheel according to claim 2 characterized in that each disc (2A, 2B) is formed by a set of two skins (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) of composite material respectively forming a inner skin (6A, 6B) and an outer skin (7A, 7B) and between which the sandwich material (5) is incorporated. Roue selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que la peau interne (6A, 6b) est d'épaisseur décroissante en direction radiale externe, alors que la peau externe (7A, 7B) est d'épaisseur sensiblement constante.Wheel according to claim 3 characterized in that the skin internal (6A, 6b) is decreasing in thickness in the radial direction external, while the external skin (7A, 7B) is thick substantially constant. Roue selon l'une des revendications 2, 3, ou 4 caractérisée en ce que le matériau sandwich (5) est un matériau sandwich à âme pleine.Wheel according to one of claims 2, 3, or 4 characterized in that that the sandwich material (5) is a sandwich material with a core full. Roue selon l'une des revendications 2, 3 ou 4 caractérisée en ce que le matériau sandwich (5) est un matériau à âme creuse, du type nid d'abeilles.Wheel according to one of claims 2, 3 or 4 characterized in that that the sandwich material (5) is a hollow-core material, honeycomb type. Roue selon l'une des revendications 3 à 6 caractérisée en ce que chaque peau (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) de matériau composite est formée par un empilement de plusieurs plis (60, 70) de pré-imprégnés de tissus de fibres synthétiques.Wheel according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that each skin (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) of composite material is formed by a stack of several plies (60, 70) of prepregs of synthetic fiber fabrics. Roue selon la revendication 7 caractérisée en ce que les plis (60, 70) sont constitués d'une série de secteurs rayonnants (61), chaque secteur étant posé côte à côte avec recouvrement partiel.Wheel according to claim 7 characterized in that the folds (60, 70) consist of a series of radiating sectors (61), each sector being placed side by side with partial overlap. Roue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisée en ce que la frette intérieure (21) comporte deux frettes (21A, 21B) associées individuellement à chaque disque (2A, 2B). Wheel according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner hoop (21) has two hoops (21A, 21B) individually associated with each disc (2A, 2B). Roue selon l'une des revendications 3 à 9 caractérisée en ce que la frette intérieure (21) est maintenue en place au moins en partie par les peaux (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) qui entourent au moins partiellement ladite frette.Wheel according to one of Claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the inner hoop (21) is held in place at least in part by the skins (6A, 6B; 7A, 7B) which surround at least partially said fret. Roue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 caractérisée en ce que chaque disque (2A, 2B) comporte une frette périphérique (20A, 20B) à base d'enroulements filamentaires incluant des fibres de renfort, par exemple de carbone.Wheel according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that each disc (2A, 2B) has a peripheral hoop (20A, 20B) based on filament windings including reinforcing fibers, for example carbon. Roue selon la revendication 11 et l'une des revendications 3 à 9 caractérisée en ce que pour chaque disque (2A, 2B), la frette périphérique (20A, 20B)) est recouverte au moins partiellement par les deux peaux, respectivement interne (6A, 6B) et externe (7A, 7B).Wheel according to claim 11 and one of claims 3 to 9 characterized in that for each disc (2A, 2B), the hoop peripheral (20A, 20B)) is at least partially covered by the two skins, respectively internal (6A, 6B) and external (7A, 7B). Roue selon l'une des revendications 11 à 12 caractérisée en ce que chaque disque (2A, 2B) comporte une zone annulaire d'équilibrage (40) réalisée en matériau susceptible d'être perforé, du type mousse synthétique et située en périphérie du matériau sandwich (5), et entre ce dernier et la frette périphérique (20A, 20B).Wheel according to one of Claims 11 to 12, characterized in that that each disc (2A, 2B) has an annular zone balancing (40) made of material capable of being perforated, synthetic foam type and located on the periphery of the material sandwich (5), and between the latter and the peripheral hoop (20A, 20B). Roue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13 caractérisé en ce que les aubes (3) sont réalisées en matériau composite.Wheel according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the blades (3) are made of composite material. Roue selon la revendication 14 caractérisé en ce que les aubes (3) ont une section transversale sensiblement en H. Wheel according to claim 14 characterized in that the blades (3) have a cross section substantially in H. Roue selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce que les aubes (3) sont pourvues de protection métalliques ,de préférence en inox, comprenant : un pion intégré (50, 51) dans une empreinte du disque (2) et dans une encoche (52) ménagée dans le bord d'attaque (36) de l'aube (3), un premier clinquant (55) fixé sur la face en pression de l'aube (3) avec recouvrement du bord d'attaque (56) de l'aube (3), et de préférence recouvrant également le bord de fuite de l'aube (3), et de préférence un second clinquant (57) fixé sur le disque (2) avec un bord (58) rabattu sur la face en pression de l'aube (3). Impeller according to Claim 15, characterized in that the blades (3) are provided with metallic protection, preferably made of stainless steel, comprising: an integrated pin (50, 51) in an imprint of the disc (2) and in a notch (52) formed in the leading edge (36) of the blade (3), a first foil (55) fixed on the pressure face of the blade (3) with overlap of the leading edge (56) of the blade (3), and preferably also covering the trailing edge of the blade (3), and preferably a second foil (57) fixed on the disc (2) with an edge (58) folded over the pressure face of the blade (3). Roue selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16 caractérisé en ce que les disques (2A, 2B) sont pourvus d'empreintes (58) pour recevoir les ailes (3c) des aubes (3) et faciliter leur positionnement.Wheel according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the discs (2A, 2B) are provided with indentations (58) to receive the wings (3c) of the blades (3) and facilitate their positioning. Disque destiné à équiper une roue de ventilation conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 17.Disc intended to equip a ventilation wheel conforming to one of claims 1 to 17.
EP99420068A 1998-03-11 1999-03-11 Composite material centrifugal fan rotor Expired - Lifetime EP0942174B1 (en)

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FR9803208A FR2776030B1 (en) 1998-03-11 1998-03-11 CENTRIFUGAL VENTILATION WHEEL IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
FR9803208 1998-03-11

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EP (1) EP0942174B1 (en)
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FR2830579A1 (en) * 2001-10-05 2003-04-11 Abb Solyvent Ventec Centrifugal compressor rotor incorporates metal insert integrated in central portion of rotor at periphery of hub
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CN110469528A (en) * 2019-09-10 2019-11-19 洛阳北玻台信风机技术有限责任公司 A kind of carbon fiber and expanding material sandwich structure centrifugal blower wheel hub and forming method
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US6402467B1 (en) 2002-06-11
AU2732999A (en) 1999-09-27
WO1999046511A1 (en) 1999-09-16
EP0942174B1 (en) 2003-10-15
FR2776030A1 (en) 1999-09-17
FR2776030B1 (en) 2000-07-13
DE69912013T2 (en) 2004-06-24
DE69912013D1 (en) 2003-11-20

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