EP0937965B1 - Positioning system - Google Patents

Positioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0937965B1
EP0937965B1 EP99102219A EP99102219A EP0937965B1 EP 0937965 B1 EP0937965 B1 EP 0937965B1 EP 99102219 A EP99102219 A EP 99102219A EP 99102219 A EP99102219 A EP 99102219A EP 0937965 B1 EP0937965 B1 EP 0937965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
code
rail
positioning system
region
ups
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP99102219A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0937965A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Ing. Della Torre
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Lenze Deto Drive Systems & Co KG GmbH
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/021Measuring and recording of train speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/025Absolute localisation, e.g. providing geodetic coordinates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/026Relative localisation, e.g. using odometer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a positioning system for positioning at least one along a positioning unit movable unit, the Position of the unit to be positioned a code rail along the positioning path is arranged, the unit to be positioned a the code rail has reading reading device and the code rail first areas with a Has incremental code and second areas with an absolute code.
  • Such a positioning system is known for example from DE-A1-44 38 156.
  • Another positioning system is known for example from EP-A1 209 076. at this has the code rail, which is designed for example as a slotted plate, an incremental code, i.e. there are regularly spaced marks on it in the form of openings provided by means of a light barrier on both Sides of the slotted plate is arranged to be scanned.
  • Relative values can be specified as target values for the position. adversely the fact is that the absolute values of the position are not always reliably available stand. For example, in the event of malfunctions, such as a power failure, get lost.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a positioning system with which the speed and direction of movement of the movable unit can be calculated. This task is characterized by the characteristics of the Claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims specified.
  • a single code rail with which both Relative and absolute values of the position can be recorded also in the track holder of a track for self-driving Car units can be integrated.
  • Such busbar mounts have standardized sizes and serve to hold the conductor lines, which needed for power supply and control of the self-propelled car units become. Attaching more than a single code rail would be in one However, busbar mounting is not possible due to space constraints.
  • the units to be positioned become loads of self-propelled Carriage units 1 formed, which along a positioning path in the form of a Rail 2 are movable.
  • the self-driving wagon units a motor 30 controlled by a car controller 3.
  • the energy supply takes place via power supply lines 5 and for controlling the car control 3
  • a system control 4 provides one or more control lines 6.
  • the power supply lines 5 and the control lines 6 are as conductor lines trained and are made by sliding contacts of the self-propelled carriage unit 1 scanned.
  • Such systems for transporting loads are, for example, from Production lines known in the automotive industry, and in DE-GM 297 18 597.7 describes a control device for such a system, which a Transmission of control signals from the system controller 4 to a car controller 3 using only a single additional control line 6 allows.
  • the Bar code can be read by a reading device 8, such a reading device 8 on each of the self-propelled carriage units 1 at the level of the code rail 7 is arranged. From the data read from the code rail 7 in the Reading device 8 actual values of the position or the speed formed, which via serial interfaces in the reading device 8 and the carriage control 3 and a data line 9 to the car control 3 are transmitted. In the car control 3 are the actual values of the positions or speeds of the self-propelled Carriage units with the setpoints specified by the system control 4 compared and the deviations in the respective car control Adjustment and control processes for the drive motor triggered.
  • the running rail 2 has the shape of a double T-beam, the top of which is the tread for the wheels of the self-propelled car units forms.
  • a busbar holder 10 attached on one of the side surfaces of the running rail 2 .
  • This has latching elements 11, between which the power supply lines 5 and the control line 6 can be snapped.
  • the Locking elements 11 of the busbar holder 10 the code rail 7 can be attached.
  • the code rail has locking elements 12 which on the Rear of the carrier 13 are arranged. These locking elements 12 of the code rail 7 can be snapped into the locking elements 11 of the busbar holder 10.
  • a retroreflective sheeting 14 is glued to the front of the carrier 13. This film 14 throws light rays striking it in the manner of a cat's eye the direction they came from.
  • the film 14 is with a bar code provided, as can be seen from Fig. 3.
  • the individual code lines 15 are thereby formed by applying a black (light absorbing) color, for example by printing in a roll screen printing process.
  • the bar code of the code rail 7 has first areas 16 and second areas 17 on.
  • the code attached to the code rail is a Incremental code
  • an absolute code is attached in the second areas 17 .
  • An incremental code is characterized by uniform distances 18 between the individual Codings (here code lines 15), however, are with an absolute code different distances between the individual codes.
  • the same reference distance is also in the second areas 17 with the absolute code as the distance 18 between the code lines in the first areas 16 with uses the incremental code, with either a code line 15 or no code line 15 is present, which makes a logical 1 or a logical 0 is encoded.
  • the code lines 15th of the second area 17 binary numbers are formed which represent the absolute position of the specify the respective area 17. For example, the length of such binary number is 10 bits.
  • first areas 16 are area change markings 19 provided by code lines with a larger Width, preferably a width at least twice as large as the code lines are formed within the first and second areas.
  • the lengths 20 of the first Regions 16 are greater than the lengths 21 of the second regions 17, preferably the first regions 16 are at least twice as long as the second regions 17.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows the front of a reading device 8 facing in the direction of the code rail.
  • This has two front sensors 22, 23 and two rear sensors 24, 25.
  • Each of these sensors 22, 23, 24, 25 is formed by an infrared transmitter 26 and an infrared receiver 27. Due to the lens optics arranged in front of the infrared transmitter 26 (not shown in FIG. 5), the incidence surface of the infrared beam on the code rail has a diameter of only about 1 mm 2 .
  • the infrared ray is reflected by the retroreflective sheeting 14, with the exception of the locations at which a code line 15 is located, onto the infrared receiver 27 and is detected by the latter.
  • the distance 28, by which the two front pickups 22, 23 are arranged offset from one another in the direction of the code rail, is approximately a quarter of the distance 18 between two code lines 15 in the first region 16.
  • the phase comparison between the pulsed signals of the infrared receiver can be used Sensor 22 and those of the infrared receiver of the sensor 23, the direction of movement can be determined.
  • the two rear sensors 22, 23 are also at the same distance 28, from whose signals the direction of movement can therefore also be determined.
  • the speed and direction of movement of the individual units can be varied as required.
  • Either the front transducers are always located 22, 23 or the rear sensors 24, 25 in a first region 16 with a Incremental code and from the speed of the sequence of code lines 15 in first area 16, the speed of the carriage unit in the reading unit 8 be calculated. This speed value can be read by the reading unit 8 Carriage control 3 and on to system control 4 are transmitted.
  • the functionality can be summarized as follows: After the Reference travel is known in which area type front and rear transducers are are located. There is always at least one of the sensor pairs (front or rear) in an incremental range, which is used to determine the speed can be used. Based on the speed and the pulse duration at A change of area marking can be recognized by crossing a code line become. If one of the sensor pairs has an area with an absolute code passes through, an absolute value of the position is determined, to which the Increments of motion are added.
  • the positioning system according to the invention can be used for a large number of positioning tasks be used.
  • positioning of loads is used in particular in determining the position in high-bay warehouses, when determining the current lifting height at lifting stations, when approaching loading and unloading stations in storage technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Wire Bonding (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Die Bonding (AREA)
  • Control Of Position Or Direction (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The system is for a unit moving along a positioner track. A code rail along the track determines the actual value of the unit position, and the unit has a reader for the code rail. The code rail (7) has first sections (16) with an incremental code, and second sections (17) with an absolute code. The sections alternate. The code rail has a carrier with a retro-reflective foil pref. glued to it, and a bar code printed on the foil.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Positioniersystem zum Positionieren zumindest einer entlang einer Positionierstrecke verfahrbaren Einheit, wobei zur Erfassung des Istwertes der Position der zu positionierenden Einheit eine Codeschiene entlang der Positionierstrecke angeordnet ist, die zu positionierende Einheit eine die Codeschiene ablesende Leseeinrichtung aufweist und die Codeschiene erste Bereiche mit einem Inkrementalcode und zweite Bereiche mit einem Absolutcode aufweist.The invention relates to a positioning system for positioning at least one along a positioning unit movable unit, the Position of the unit to be positioned a code rail along the positioning path is arranged, the unit to be positioned a the code rail has reading reading device and the code rail first areas with a Has incremental code and second areas with an absolute code.

Ein solches Positioniersystem ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A1-44 38 156 bekannt.Such a positioning system is known for example from DE-A1-44 38 156.

Ein anderes Positioniersystem ist beispielsweise aus der EP-A1 209 076 bekannt. Bei diesem weist die Codeschiene, welche beispielsweise als Schlitzblech ausgebildet ist, einen Inkrementalcode auf, d.h. es sind an ihr regelmäßig beabstandete Markierungen in Form von Öffnungen vorgesehen, welche mittels einer Lichtschranke, die auf beiden Seiten des Schlitzbleches angeordnet ist, abgetastet werden. Mit diesem Positioniersystem können als Sollwerte der Position Relativwerte vorgegeben werden. Nachteilig daran ist, daß die Absolutwerte der Position nicht immer zuverlässig zur Verfügung stehen. Beispielsweise können sie bei Betriebsstörungen, wie bei einem Stromausfall, verlorengehen.Another positioning system is known for example from EP-A1 209 076. at this has the code rail, which is designed for example as a slotted plate, an incremental code, i.e. there are regularly spaced marks on it in the form of openings provided by means of a light barrier on both Sides of the slotted plate is arranged to be scanned. With this positioning system Relative values can be specified as target values for the position. adversely the fact is that the absolute values of the position are not always reliably available stand. For example, in the event of malfunctions, such as a power failure, get lost.

Andere Positioniersysteme verwenden daher zusätzlich zur Inkrementalmessung der Position eine Absolutmessung. Es handelt sich dabei um getrennt voneinander arbeitende Systeme, welche neben dem Nachteil der höheren Kosten auch einen größeren Platzbedarf im System aufweisen.Other positioning systems therefore use the in addition to incremental measurement Position an absolute measurement. They are separate from each other working systems, which in addition to the disadvantage of higher costs also one have a larger space requirement in the system.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Positioniersystem bereitzustellen, mit welchen die Geschwindigkeit und Bewegungsrichtung der verfahrbaren Einheit berechnet werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The object of the invention is to provide a positioning system with which the speed and direction of movement of the movable unit can be calculated. This task is characterized by the characteristics of the Claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the dependent claims specified.

Weiters kann eine einzelne Codeschiene, womit sowohl Relativ- als auch Absolutwerte der Position erfasst werden können auch in die Stromschienenhalterung einer Fahrschiene für selbstfahrende Wageneinheiten integriert werden. Derartige Stromschienenhalterungen weisen normierte Größen auf und dienen zur Halterung der Schleifleitungen, welche zur Stromversorgung und Steuerung der selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten benötigt werden. Eine Anbringung von mehr als einer einzelnen Codeschiene wäre in einer Stromschienenhalterung aus Platzgründen dagegen nicht möglich.Furthermore, a single code rail, with which both Relative and absolute values of the position can be recorded also in the track holder of a track for self-driving Car units can be integrated. Such busbar mounts have standardized sizes and serve to hold the conductor lines, which needed for power supply and control of the self-propelled car units become. Attaching more than a single code rail would be in one However, busbar mounting is not possible due to space constraints.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnung erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Systems zum Transportieren und Positionieren von Lasten,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch eine Fahrschiene zusammen mit den daran angebrachten Elementen,
Fig. 3
eine Vorderansicht einer Codeschiene,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch die Codeschiene von Fig. 3 und
Fig. 5
eine Vorderansicht einer Leseeinrichtung.
Further advantages and details of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this show:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic representation of a system for transporting and positioning loads,
Fig. 2
a cross section through a travel rail together with the elements attached to it,
Fig. 3
a front view of a code rail,
Fig. 4
a cross section through the code rail of Fig. 3 and
Fig. 5
a front view of a reading device.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten System zum Transportieren und Positionieren von Lasten werden die zu positionierenden Einheiten von selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten 1 gebildet, welche entlang einer Positionierstrecke in Form einer Fahrschiene 2 verfahrbar sind. Dazu weisen die selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten einen von einer Wagensteuerung 3 angesteuerten Motor 30 auf. Die Energiezufuhr erfolgt über Stromversorgungsleitungen 5 und zur Ansteuerung der Wagensteuerung 3 mittels einer Systemsteuerung 4 sind eine oder mehrere Steuerleitungen 6 vorgesehen. Die Stromversorgungsleitungen 5 sowie die Steuerleitungen 6 sind als Schleifleitungen ausgebildet und werden von Schleifkontakten der selbstfahrenden Wageneinheit 1 abgetastet.In the system for transport and positioning shown schematically in FIG. 1 the units to be positioned become loads of self-propelled Carriage units 1 formed, which along a positioning path in the form of a Rail 2 are movable. To do this, the self-driving wagon units a motor 30 controlled by a car controller 3. The energy supply takes place via power supply lines 5 and for controlling the car control 3 A system control 4 provides one or more control lines 6. The power supply lines 5 and the control lines 6 are as conductor lines trained and are made by sliding contacts of the self-propelled carriage unit 1 scanned.

Derartige Systeme zum Transportieren von Lasten sind beispielsweise von den Fertigungsstraßen in der Automobilherstellung bekannt, und in der DE-GM 297 18 597.7 ist eine Steuereinrichtung für ein solches System beschrieben, welches eine Übertragung von Steuersignalen von der Systemsteuerung 4 zu einer Wagensteuerung 3 unter Verwendung nur einer einzelnen zusätzlichen Steuerleitung 6 ermöglicht.Such systems for transporting loads are, for example, from Production lines known in the automotive industry, and in DE-GM 297 18 597.7 describes a control device for such a system, which a Transmission of control signals from the system controller 4 to a car controller 3 using only a single additional control line 6 allows.

An der Fahrschiene 2 ist neben den Schleifleitungen 5, 6 weiters eine aus einer Reihe von Teilsegmenten bestimmter Länge bestehende Codeschiene 7 angeordnet, deren Strichcode von einer Leseeinrichtung 8 ablesbar ist, wobei eine derartige Leseeinrichtung 8 an jeder der selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten 1 in Höhe der Codeschiene 7 angeordnet ist. Aus den von der Codeschiene 7 abgelesenen Daten werden in der Leseeinrichtung 8 Istwerte der Position bzw. der Geschwindigkeit gebildet, welche über serielle Schnittstellen in der Leseeinrichtung 8 und der Wagensteuerung 3 und eine Datenleitung 9 zur Wagensteuerung 3 übertragen werden. In der Wagensteuerung 3 werden die Istwerte der Positionen bzw. Geschwindigkeiten der selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten mit den von der Systemsteuerung 4 vorgegebenen Sollwerten verglichen und aus den Abweichungen werden in der jeweiligen Wagensteuerung Stell- und Regelvorgänge für den Antriebsmotor ausgelöst.In addition to the conductor lines 5, 6, there is also one from a row on the travel rail 2 of partial segments of certain length arranged code rail 7, the Bar code can be read by a reading device 8, such a reading device 8 on each of the self-propelled carriage units 1 at the level of the code rail 7 is arranged. From the data read from the code rail 7 in the Reading device 8 actual values of the position or the speed formed, which via serial interfaces in the reading device 8 and the carriage control 3 and a data line 9 to the car control 3 are transmitted. In the car control 3 are the actual values of the positions or speeds of the self-propelled Carriage units with the setpoints specified by the system control 4 compared and the deviations in the respective car control Adjustment and control processes for the drive motor triggered.

Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, daß die Fahrschiene 2 die Form eines Doppel-T-Trägers aufweist, dessen Oberseite die Lauffläche für die Räder der selbstfahrenden Wageneinheiten bildet. An einer der Seitenflächen der Fahrschiene 2 ist eine Stromschienenhalterung 10 befestigt. Diese weist Rastelemente 11 auf, zwischen die die Stromversorgungsleitungen 5 und die Steuerleitung 6 einschnappbar sind. Weiters ist an den Rastelementen 11 der Stromschienenhalterung 10 die Codeschiene 7 befestigbar. Wie aus Fig. 4 ersichtlich, weist dazu die Codeschiene Rastelemente 12 auf, die an der Rückseite des Trägers 13 angeordnet sind. Diese Rastelemente 12 der Codeschiene 7 sind in die Rastelemente 11 der Stromschienenhalterung 10 einschnappbar. From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the running rail 2 has the shape of a double T-beam, the top of which is the tread for the wheels of the self-propelled car units forms. On one of the side surfaces of the running rail 2 there is a busbar holder 10 attached. This has latching elements 11, between which the power supply lines 5 and the control line 6 can be snapped. Furthermore, the Locking elements 11 of the busbar holder 10, the code rail 7 can be attached. How 4 can be seen, the code rail has locking elements 12 which on the Rear of the carrier 13 are arranged. These locking elements 12 of the code rail 7 can be snapped into the locking elements 11 of the busbar holder 10.

Auf die Vorderseite des Trägers 13 ist eine retroreflektierende Folie 14 aufgeklebt. Diese Folie 14 wirft auf sie auftreffende Lichtstrahlen nach Art eines Katzenauges in die Richtung zurück, aus der sie gekommen sind. Die Folie 14 ist mit einem Strichcode versehen, wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist. Die einzelnen Codestriche 15 werden dabei durch Aufbringen einer schwarzen (lichtabsorbierenden) Farbe gebildet, beispielsweise durch Bedrucken in einem Rollen-Siebdruckverfahren.A retroreflective sheeting 14 is glued to the front of the carrier 13. This film 14 throws light rays striking it in the manner of a cat's eye the direction they came from. The film 14 is with a bar code provided, as can be seen from Fig. 3. The individual code lines 15 are thereby formed by applying a black (light absorbing) color, for example by printing in a roll screen printing process.

Der Strichcode der Codeschiene 7 weist erste Bereiche 16 und zweite Bereiche 17 auf. In den ersten Bereichen 16 ist der an der Codeschiene angebracht Code ein Inkrementalcode, während in den zweiten Bereichen 17 ein Absolutcode angebracht ist. Ein Inkrementalcode ist gekennzeichnet durch gleichmäßige Abstände 18 der einzelnen Codierungen (hier Codestriche 15), hingegen liegen bei einem Absolutcode unterschiedliche Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Codierungen vor. Günstigerweise wird auch in den zweiten Bereichen 17 mit dem Absolutcode der gleiche Referenzabstand wie der Abstand 18 zwischen den Codestrichen in den ersten Bereichen 16 mit dem Inkrementalcode verwendet, wobei nach jeweils einem Referenzabstand entweder ein Codestrich 15 oder kein Codestrich 15 vorhanden ist, wodurch eine logische 1 oder eine logische 0 codiert wird. Auf diese Weise werden durch die Codestriche 15 des zweiten Bereiches 17 binäre Zahlen gebildet, welche die absolute Lage des jeweiligen Bereiches 17 angeben. Beispielsweise kann die Länge einer derartigen binären Zahl 10 Bit betragen.The bar code of the code rail 7 has first areas 16 and second areas 17 on. In the first areas 16, the code attached to the code rail is a Incremental code, while in the second areas 17 an absolute code is attached is. An incremental code is characterized by uniform distances 18 between the individual Codings (here code lines 15), however, are with an absolute code different distances between the individual codes. conveniently, the same reference distance is also in the second areas 17 with the absolute code as the distance 18 between the code lines in the first areas 16 with uses the incremental code, with either a code line 15 or no code line 15 is present, which makes a logical 1 or a logical 0 is encoded. In this way, the code lines 15th of the second area 17 binary numbers are formed which represent the absolute position of the specify the respective area 17. For example, the length of such binary number is 10 bits.

Zur Abgrenzung der ersten Bereiche 16 von den zweiten Bereichen 17 sind Bereichswechselmarkierungen 19 vorgesehen, welche durch Codestriche mit einer größeren Breite, vorzugsweise einer mindestens doppelt so großen Breite als die Codestriche innerhalb der ersten und zweiten Bereiche gebildet werden. Die Längen 20 der ersten Bereiche 16 sind größer als die Längen 21 der zweiten Bereiche 17, vorzugsweise sind die ersten Bereiche 16 mindestens doppelt so lang als die zweiten Bereiche 17.To delimit the first areas 16 from the second areas 17 are area change markings 19 provided by code lines with a larger Width, preferably a width at least twice as large as the code lines are formed within the first and second areas. The lengths 20 of the first Regions 16 are greater than the lengths 21 of the second regions 17, preferably the first regions 16 are at least twice as long as the second regions 17.

In Fig. 5 ist die in Richtung der Codeschiene gewandte Vorderseite einer Leseeinrichtung 8 schematisch dargestellt. Diese weist zwei vordere Aufnehmer 22, 23 und zwei hintere Aufnehmer 24, 25 auf. Jeder dieser Aufnehmer 22, 23, 24, 25 wird durch einen Infrarotsender 26 und einen Infrarotempfänger 27 gebildet. Aufgrund der jeweils vor dem Infrarotsender 26 angeordneten Linsenoptik (nicht dargestellt in Fig. 5) weist die Auftrefffläche des Infrarotstrahls auf der Codeschiene einen Durchmesser nur ca. 1 mm2 auf. Der Infrarotstrahl wird von der retroreflektierenden Folie 14 mit Ausnahme der Stellen, an denen sich ein Codestrich 15 befindet, auf den Infrarotempfänger 27 zurückreflektiert und von diesem detektiert. Der Abstand 28, um den die beiden vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 in Richtung der Codeschiene versetzt voneinander angeordnet sind, beträgt etwa ein Viertel des Abstandes 18 zwischen zwei Codestrichen 15 im ersten Bereich 16. Dadurch kann aus dem Phasenvergleich zwischen den gepulsten Signalen des Infrarotempfängers des Aufnehmers 22 und denjenigen des Infrarotempfängers des Aufnehmers 23 die Bewegungsrichtung ermittelt werden. Den gleichen Abstand 28 weisen auch die beiden hinteren Aufnehmer 22, 23 auf, aus deren Signalen daher ebenfalls die Bewegungsrichtung ermittelt werden kann.5 schematically shows the front of a reading device 8 facing in the direction of the code rail. This has two front sensors 22, 23 and two rear sensors 24, 25. Each of these sensors 22, 23, 24, 25 is formed by an infrared transmitter 26 and an infrared receiver 27. Due to the lens optics arranged in front of the infrared transmitter 26 (not shown in FIG. 5), the incidence surface of the infrared beam on the code rail has a diameter of only about 1 mm 2 . The infrared ray is reflected by the retroreflective sheeting 14, with the exception of the locations at which a code line 15 is located, onto the infrared receiver 27 and is detected by the latter. The distance 28, by which the two front pickups 22, 23 are arranged offset from one another in the direction of the code rail, is approximately a quarter of the distance 18 between two code lines 15 in the first region 16. As a result, the phase comparison between the pulsed signals of the infrared receiver can be used Sensor 22 and those of the infrared receiver of the sensor 23, the direction of movement can be determined. The two rear sensors 22, 23 are also at the same distance 28, from whose signals the direction of movement can therefore also be determined.

Da der Abstand 29 zwischen den vorderen Aufnehmern 22, 23 und den hinteren Aufnehmem 24, 25 größer ist als die Länge 21 des zweiten Bereiches 17, befinden sich immer entweder die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 oder die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 in einem ersten Bereich 16 mit einem Inkrementalcode. Dies ist wesentlich für die Positionsbestimmung, falls sich die zu positionierenden Einheiten mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten bewegen können. Davon wird bei der nachfolgenden Erläuterung der Funktionsweise ausgegangen.Since the distance 29 between the front sensors 22, 23 and the rear sensors 24, 25 is greater than the length 21 of the second region 17, are always either the front transducers 22, 23 or the rear transducers 24, 25 in a first area 16 with an incremental code. This is essential for position determination, if the units to be positioned differ Can move speeds. This is explained in the following the way it works.

Beim Einschalten der Anlage oder nach einer Betriebsstörung, wenn die Positionen einer oder mehrerer zu positionierenden Einheiten unbekannt sind, wird zunächst ein Referenzlauf dieser Einheiten durchgeführt. Dabei bewegt sich die Einheit mit einer definierten Geschwindigkeit. Beim Überqueren einer Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 wird diese anhand der Länge des Dunkelsignals von der Leseeinrichtung erkannt. Aus dem Abstand zweier aufeinanderfolgender Bereichswechselmarkierungen 19 wird bestimmt, ob sich die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 bzw. die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 in einem ersten Bereich 16 oder einem zweiten Bereich 17 befinden. Die Information, ob sich die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 bzw. die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 in einem ersten Bereich oder einem zweiten Bereich befinden, wird gespeichert und in der Folge bei jedem Überqueren einer Bereichswechselmarkierung aktualisiert. Wird in der Folge ein zweiter Bereich 17 von den vorderen oder hinteren Aufnehmern durchlaufen, so kann die absolute Position ermittelt werden und der Referenzlauf ist beendet. When switching on the system or after a malfunction if the positions one or more units to be positioned are unknown, first a Reference run of these units carried out. The unit moves with one defined speed. When crossing an area change marker 19 this is recognized by the reading device on the basis of the length of the dark signal. Out the distance between two successive area change markings 19 determines whether the front pickups 22, 23 and the rear pickups 24, 25 are located in a first region 16 or a second region 17. The information, whether the front sensors 22, 23 or the rear sensors 24, 25 are in one first area or a second area is saved and subsequently updated every time a range change marker is crossed. Will follow a second area 17 is traversed by the front or rear sensors, so the absolute position can be determined and the reference run is finished.

In der Folge kann die Geschwindigkeit und Bewegungsrichtung der einzelnen Einheiten beliebig variiert werden. Immer befinden sich entweder die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 oder die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 in einem ersten Bereich 16 mit einem Inkrementalcode und aus der Geschwindigkeit der Abfolge der Codestriche 15 im ersten Bereich 16 kann die Geschwindigkeit der Wageneinheit in der Leseeinheit 8 berechnet werden. Dieser Geschwindigkeitswert kann von der Leseeinheit 8 zur Wagensteuerung 3 und weiter zur Systemsteuerung 4 übermittelt werden.As a result, the speed and direction of movement of the individual units can be varied as required. Either the front transducers are always located 22, 23 or the rear sensors 24, 25 in a first region 16 with a Incremental code and from the speed of the sequence of code lines 15 in first area 16, the speed of the carriage unit in the reading unit 8 be calculated. This speed value can be read by the reading unit 8 Carriage control 3 and on to system control 4 are transmitted.

Zur Erläuterung der Positionsbestimmung, die in der Leseeinrichtung durchgeführt wird, nehmen wir zunächst an, daß sich sowohl die vorderen 22, 23 als auch die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 im gleichen ersten Bereich 16 befinden und daß sich die Wageneinheit in Vorwärtsrichtung bewegt. Sobald die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 eine Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 überqueren und in einen zweiten Bereich eintreten, beginnt eine Absolutbestimmung der Position über die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23, wobei der dazu notwendige Wert der Geschwindigkeit der Wageneinheit von den hinteren Aufnehmern 24, 25 geliefert wird. Wenn die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 am Ende des zweiten Bereiches 17 eine weitere Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 überqueren (diese wird aus der Länge des Dunkelsignals in Verbindung mit der Wagengeschwindigkeit erkannt), ist die Absolutmessung abgeschlossen und der Absolutwert der Position wird gespeichert. Bei der weiteren Bewegung wird bei jedem Überschreiten eines Codestriches 15 der vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 jeweils ein Abstand 18 zu diesem Absolutwert addiert und weiters die Geschwindigkeit der Wageneinheit anhand der Signale der vorderen Aufnehmer bestimmt. Wenn als nächstes die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 eine Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 überqueren und von einem ersten Bereich 16 in den zweiten Bereich 17, der zuvor von den vorderen Aufnehmem 22, 23 durchlaufen wurde, gelangen, ist eine Kontrollmessung des Absolutwertes der Position durch die hinteren Aufnehmer 24, 25 möglich, wobei das Geschwindigkeitsreferenzsignal von den vorderen Aufnehmern 22, 23 geliefert wird. Wenn die hinteren Aufnehmer die Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 erreichen, ist die Absolutmessung abgeschlossen und die hinteren Aufnehmer addieren in der Folge die Inkrementalwerte der Positionsveränderung zum Absolutwert der Position und liefern das Geschwindigkeitsreferenzsignal, welches auch für die nächste Absolutmessung benötigt wird, sobald die vorderen Aufnehmer 22, 23 wiederum eine Bereichswechselmarkierung 19 überqueren.To explain the position determination carried out in the reading device , we first assume that both the front 22, 23 and the rear transducer 24, 25 are in the same first area 16 and that the Carriage unit moved forward. As soon as the front pickups 22, 23 a Cross area change marker 19 and enter a second area, begins an absolute determination of the position via the front sensors 22, 23, the value of the speed of the carriage unit necessary for this from the rear transducers 24, 25 is supplied. If the front pickups 22, 23 am At the end of the second area 17, cross another area change marker 19 (This is calculated from the length of the dark signal in connection with the car speed recognized), the absolute measurement is completed and the absolute value the position is saved. With further movement, every time it is exceeded a code line 15 of the front pickups 22, 23 each have a distance 18 added to this absolute value and further the speed of the carriage unit determined from the signals of the front transducers. If the next one rear transducer 24, 25 cross a range change marker 19 and from a first area 16 in the second area 17, previously from the front receptacles 22, 23 was passed, is a control measurement of the absolute value the position by the rear transducers 24, 25 possible, which Speed reference signal from the front pickups 22, 23 is supplied. When the rear transducers reach the range change mark 19, that is Absolute measurement completed and the rear transducers add up the Incremental values of the position change to the absolute value of the position and deliver the speed reference signal, which is also used for the next absolute measurement is required as soon as the front pickups 22, 23 again have an area change marker Cross 19.

Die Funktionsweise kann folgendermaßen zusammengefaßt werden: Nach der Referenzfahrt ist bekannt, in welcher Bereichsart sich vordere und hintere Aufnehmer befinden. Immer befindet sich zumindest eines der Aufnehmerpaare (vorderes oder hinteres) in einem Inkrementalbereich, welches zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit herangezogen werden kann. Anhand der Geschwindigkeit und der Impulsdauer bei Überqueren eines Codestriches kann eine Bereichswechselmarkierung erkannt werden. Wenn eines der Aufnehmerpaare einen Bereich mit einem Absolutcode durchläuft, wird ein Absolutwert der Position bestimmt, zu dem in der Folge die Inkremente der Bewegung addiert werden.The functionality can be summarized as follows: After the Reference travel is known in which area type front and rear transducers are are located. There is always at least one of the sensor pairs (front or rear) in an incremental range, which is used to determine the speed can be used. Based on the speed and the pulse duration at A change of area marking can be recognized by crossing a code line become. If one of the sensor pairs has an area with an absolute code passes through, an absolute value of the position is determined, to which the Increments of motion are added.

Das erfindungsgemäße Positioniersystem kann für eine Vielzahl von Positionieraufgaben eingesetzt werden. Neben dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten System zum Transportieren und Positionieren von Lasten kommt insbesondere ein Einsatz bei der Positionsermittlung in Hochregallagern, bei der Ermittlung der aktuellen Hubhöhe bei Hubstationen, beim Anfahren von Auf- und Abgabestationen in der Lagertechnik in Frage.The positioning system according to the invention can be used for a large number of positioning tasks be used. In addition to the transport system shown in FIG. 1 and positioning of loads is used in particular in determining the position in high-bay warehouses, when determining the current lifting height at lifting stations, when approaching loading and unloading stations in storage technology.

Claims (9)

  1. A positioning system for positioning at least one unit (1) displaceable along a positioning path, wherein to detect the actual value of the position of the unit (1) to be positioned a code rail (7) is arranged along the positioning path and the unit (1) to be positioned has a reading device (8) for reading off the code rail, and wherein the code rail (7) has first regions (16) with an incremental code and second regions (17) with an absolute code, characterised in that the reading device (8) has two front pick-ups (22, 23) and two rear pick-ups (24, 25) each with a respective infrared transmitter (26) with an optical lens system and a respective infrared receiver (27), wherein the front pick-ups (22, 23) are at a spacing (29) from the rear pick-ups (24, 25) in the direction of the code rail (7), which is greater than the length (21) of the second region (17), and wherein the two front pick-ups (22, 23) relative to each other and the two rear pick-ups (24, 25) relative to each other are at such a spacing (28) in the direction of the code rail (7) that upon a movement over a code bar (15) of the code rail (7) they produce mutually displaced pulses, from the phase comparison of which the direction of movement can be determined, wherein the spacing (28) is preferably about a quarter of the spacing between two code bars in the first region (16).
  2. A positioning system according to claim 1 characterised in that the first regions (16) and the second regions (17) alternate with each other.
  3. A positioning system according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the code rail (7) has a carrier (13) on which a retroreflecting foil (14) is arranged, preferably stuck, the foil being provided with a bar code.
  4. A positioning system according to claim 3 characterised in that the bar code is printed on.
  5. A positioning system according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that the code rail (7) between a first region (16) and a second region (17) has a respective region-change marking (19).
  6. A positioning system according to claim 5 characterised in that the region-change marking (19) is a code bar (15) of a greater width than, preferably a width which is at least twice as great as, the code bars (15) within the first and second regions (16, 17).
  7. A positioning system according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterised in that the first region (16) is longer than and preferably at least twice as long as the second region (17).
  8. A positioning system according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterised in that the unit to be positioned is a self-propelled car unit (1) with a drive motor (4) which is actuable by a motor control (3) which is connected by way of at least one control line (6) to a system control (4).
  9. A positioning system according to claim 8 characterised in that the reading device (8) is connected to the motor control (3) by way of a data line (9).
EP99102219A 1998-02-19 1999-02-01 Positioning system Expired - Lifetime EP0937965B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29802933U DE29802933U1 (en) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 Positioning system
DE29802933U 1998-02-19

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EP0937965A1 EP0937965A1 (en) 1999-08-25
EP0937965B1 true EP0937965B1 (en) 2003-05-02

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EP (1) EP0937965B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE239208T1 (en)
DE (2) DE29802933U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2198796T3 (en)

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DE10063447A1 (en) * 2000-12-20 2002-07-04 Eisenmann Kg Maschbau Conveyor system, especially an electric monorail
CA2460383A1 (en) * 2001-09-11 2003-03-20 Societe D'etudes Et De Realisations Industrielles Lyonnaises S.E.R.I.L. Electric supply rail with collecting carriage
TWI282047B (en) 2003-07-23 2007-06-01 Murata Machinery Ltd Carrying vehicle system and carrying vehicle
TWI290272B (en) 2004-03-12 2007-11-21 Murata Machinery Ltd Moving body system
DE102012004901A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh Device for positioning optical components on a microscope
DE102016103721A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-07 Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder with an optical position sensor
WO2020187447A1 (en) * 2019-03-20 2020-09-24 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Rail system with rail, coding system, mobile part that can be moved along the rail and method for operating a rail system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3440052A1 (en) * 1984-11-02 1986-05-07 Pees Steuer- und Regelanlagen GmbH, 4100 Duisburg READING DEVICE FOR MOVING CARRIAGE OR CONTAINERS WITH A DATA CARRIER
DE3818044A1 (en) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-30 Christoph Dipl Phys Kuehne Precision measurement device for large displacements
ATE120145T1 (en) * 1989-11-01 1995-04-15 Electromotive Systems Inc DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING ONE OR MORE OPERATING DATA OF A RAIL-BOUND VEHICLE.
CH683798A5 (en) * 1990-12-10 1994-05-13 Tesa Sa position sensor for an apparatus for measuring linear or angular variables.
FI91325C (en) * 1992-04-07 1994-06-10 Partek Cargotec Oy Position scale and optical read sensor to read this position scale
DE4436784B4 (en) * 1993-10-26 2005-08-18 Carl Zeiss Absolute position measuring system
DE59305801D1 (en) * 1993-12-08 1997-04-17 Heidenhain Gmbh Dr Johannes Length measuring system
DE29718597U1 (en) * 1997-10-20 1997-12-18 della Torre, Alfred, Ing., Kufstein Control device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2198796T3 (en) 2004-02-01
ATE239208T1 (en) 2003-05-15
EP0937965A1 (en) 1999-08-25
DE59905264D1 (en) 2003-06-05
DE29802933U1 (en) 1998-04-16

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