EP0937833A1 - Wall tie - Google Patents

Abstract

The one end area for anchoring in the brickwork has at least one arm or leg standing away from the shaft at an angle. The arm or the leg (32,33) encloses an acute angle of less than 90 degrees with the shaft area (31). At least two arms or legs are provided in opposite directions. The ends of the arms or legs are rounded or U-shaped. The anchor (30) is of wire, preferably with a circular cross-section. The shaft area (31) of the anchor is formed by at least two twisted wires.

Description

The present invention relates to a wall anchor for cross-connection of the shells a multi-shell structure consisting of at least two shells, wherein at least one of the shells is made of masonry, with a central shaft area for absorbing tensile and compressive forces and two end areas for anchoring or Fastening in or on the shells, the one for anchoring in the masonry provided one end portion at least one at an angle from the shaft protruding arm or leg.

Artificial stone masonry is so thin-walled today that it is not alone are stable if they are not burdened by floor ceilings or roof structures resp. are stiffened by transverse walls. You can in particular look at them from the outside do not absorb acting wind loads. Are so-called double-wall masonry walls built, consisting of an inner masonry shell that through Floor ceilings and roof are loaded and stiffened by transverse walls, one Thermal insulation layer and an outer masonry shell, so there is only one usually the inner masonry shell, respectively loaded. stiffened by walls. The outer shell, however, is only burdened by its own weight and is not by Cross walls stiffened. It is also directly related to the wind loads, especially the Wind suction loads, exposed. So that the outer masonry shell is stable, must they are connected to the inner masonry shell by tensile and pressure-resistant anchors become. These are usually used perpendicular to the masonry levels Masonry anchor.

The outer masonry shell is also the varying outside temperature exposed. Due to changes in temperature, it expands in relation to the inner shell different and contracts. The anchor points of the Masonry anchors, which connect the outer with the inner shell, are thereby transverse to its axis in both directions - horizontal and / or vertical - relative shifted to each other.

Wall anchors with one or two arms protruding at right angles from the shaft for quite some time to connect the shells of a multi-shell masonry used (see Fig. 1). The advantage of these anchors is that they are inexpensive can be produced. The disadvantage, however, is that this is a large Do not withstand tensile stress. As soon as the arms close under tensile stress start to deform or the mortar tears out, the pull-out resistance drops together.

GB-A-2 242 918 describes a wall anchor made of wire a bridge section and two anchor loops adjoining the bridge section known. The loops are formed by bending the wire ends and around the central bridge area, which connects the two loops. The wire ends overlap each other. An advantage of this anchor is that the loops are difficult because of the overlapping wire ends deformed. This means that the wall anchor is only against the resistance of the can be pulled out of the masonry in front of this lying mortar.

EP-A-0 688 912 discloses a flat steel wall anchor, at the ends of each two transverse arms protruding from the shaft at right angles and lying in the same plane are formed. The central zone of the wall anchor is twisted in itself, probably around to cause dripping of condensation water condensing on the anchor. According to one possible embodiment are the free ends of the cross arms as barbs trained that better anchor the wall anchor in the masonry should. According to another embodiment is at one end of the wall anchor a grub screw is provided which is flanged, welded or glued is connected to the wall anchor.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved masonry anchor create which can absorb large pressure and especially tensile forces. A Another goal is to provide an anchor that is both horizontal and can also accommodate vertical displacements of the attachment points. The anchor is supposed to be inexpensive to manufacture. He should also with different fasteners cooperate resp. can be used in different ways.

According to the invention, the task with a masonry anchor according to the preamble of claim 1 solved in that the arm or leg with the shaft area of the anchor forms an acute angle. The advantage of this is that the the arm formed anchoring in tensile stress in the mortar and therefore opposes a greater pull-out resistance than, for example, a Wall anchor with only one arm protruding at right angles. Is the angle between the armature axis and the arm namely an acute angle, so the arm must first can move radially outwards, before turning to a right one and then can be deformed to an obtuse angle. If there is tensile stress therefore large compressive forces in the anchoring part between the acute angle and the laterally protruding arm, which is held in place by the mortar. Because the arm embedded in the mortar, it cannot buckle. In contrast to the known ones Wall anchors in which an arm protruding from the sheep at a right angle is relative slightly deformed to an obtuse angle and subsequently pulled out of the anchor can be the pull-out resistance in the wall anchor according to the invention significantly higher.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the one for anchoring in Masonry provided end area at least two in opposite directions protruding arms or thighs. This has the advantage that when there is tensile stress the pressure forces exerted by the surrounding masonry evenly from both Work on the arms or thighs from the sides. The ends of the arms are advantageous or rounded or U-shaped. This will make the Pull-out resistance even greater since the end areas of the arms are in the masonry can support better.

It is preferred that the end area provided for anchoring in the masonry is approximately formed as a loop, the legs of which with the shaft area include an acute angle. Such a wall anchor is inexpensive to manufacture. In addition, the loop can absorb the pressure forces that arise, since it only difficult to compress across the anchor axis.

In an expedient embodiment, the anchor consists of wire, preferably with a substantially circular cross section. The wire gauge advantageously varies between 2 mm and 4 mm and is preferably about 3 mm. The shaft area consist of at least two twisted wires. Twisting the wires prevents any condensation from forming along the shaft from the can migrate from the outer to the inner shell. The one made up of two twisted wires But the shaft area also has the advantage that it is elastic transversely to the anchor axis and therefore, relative displacements between the outer axis occurring transversely to the anchor axis and can absorb the inner masonry shell well.

The other end region of the armature advantageously has a connecting device for Fastener on. Such a wall anchor can be used, for example, for connection of masonry can be used on a concrete wall. It is expedient that Connection device as one to the axis of the shaft area essentially vertical eyelet formed. For example, a screw, preferably inserted with internal means for the rotary drive. The The eyelet standing perpendicular to the anchor axis has the advantage that it is at Can support pressure directly on the masonry. However, it is also conceivable instead to provide an eyelet, a screw or the like fasteners to the weld the other end of the wall anchor. The other end of the wall anchor can also be formed in a serpentine shape or as a helix, which directly in one Hole can be mortared or glued. The center of the eyelet is advantageous arranged essentially in the longitudinal axis of the shaft region. Because the train and Pressure forces thus acting in the anchor axis, bending stresses of the Shank area largely prevented.

It is preferred that both ends of the anchor be open or closed loops are trained. Such mortared loops can be deformed only with great difficulty become. A wall anchor with open or closed loops at both ends can be used to connect two masonry.

The anchor is particularly advantageously made from a piece of wire. The wire is there expediently made of high-strength, stainless steel wire. Basically can however, the anchor can also be made from sheet steel.

An armature can be produced in such a way that a piece of wire of a certain one Length is first folded in half and that the wires are then in the middle twisted together and at least one end region is formed so that the Include wire ends with the shaft area at an acute angle. Such a Wall anchors can be manufactured particularly inexpensively. Expediently the wire ends rounded, U-shaped or designed as a loop. The other The end area of the anchor can be used as a loop, eyelet or as a twist be formed.

Fig. 1

Ein aus zwei Schalen bestehendes Bauwerk, mit Beispielen von Mauerankern zur Querverbindung der beiden Schalen gemäss dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

ein erstes Beispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Mauerankers, mit abgebogenen Enden;

Fig. 3

ein weiteres Beispiel eines erfindungsgemässen Mauerankers, mit auseinander-gespreizten Schenkeln;

Fig. 4

einen Maueranker in Verbindung mit einem Befestigungselement;

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht des Mauerankers gemäss Fig. 4, in Richtung des Pfeiles A, unter Weglassen des Befestigungselementes;

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch das in Fig. 5 dargestellte Befestigungselement, entlang der Linie B ÷ B;

Fig. 7

eine Ansicht des in Fig. 4 dargestellten Mauerankers, unter Weglassen des Befestigungselementes;

Fig. 8

eine weitere Ausführung eines erfindungsgemässen Mauerankers, mit einem durch Kleben oder Einmörteln in der einen Schale verankerbaren Schaftende; und

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführung eines erfindungsgemässen Mauerankers, zum Querverbinden von zwei aus Mauerwerk bestehenden Schalen eines Mehrschalen-Bauwerkes.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, for example. Show it:

Fig. 1

A building consisting of two shells, with examples of wall anchors for the cross connection of the two shells according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

a first example of a wall anchor according to the invention, with bent ends;

Fig. 3

another example of a wall anchor according to the invention, with legs spread apart;

Fig. 4

a wall anchor in connection with a fastener;

Fig. 5

a view of the wall anchor according to Figure 4, in the direction of arrow A, omitting the fastener.

Fig. 6

a cross section through the fastener shown in Figure 5, along the line B ÷ B.

Fig. 7

a view of the wall anchor shown in Figure 4, omitting the fastener.

Fig. 8

a further embodiment of a wall anchor according to the invention, with a shaft end which can be anchored in one shell by adhesive or mortar; and

Fig. 9

a further embodiment of a wall anchor according to the invention, for the cross-connection of two masonry shells of a multi-shell structure.

The perspective illustration in FIG. 1 shows one of a first shell 1 and one parallel to it, spaced from it, second shell 2 existing multi-layer masonry. The first shell 1 consists of, for example relatively coarse, the second shell 2 made of finer masonry. First and second bowl 1,2 are connected to each other by wall anchors 3,6,8. In Fig. 1 there are three examples different embodiments of known wall anchors, namely a rod anchor 3, a spiral anchor 6 and a bow anchor 8, drawn.

The anchoring part of the rod anchor 3 is through a right angle from the connecting part or shaft 4 protruding arm 5 is formed. This arm 5 is when pulling up the two shells 1, 2 embedded in a mortar joint of the second shell 2. The arm 5 opposite end of the shaft 4 can be anchored in any way, or be formed on the first shell 1. The rod anchor 3 shown is different Provide the end of the shaft 4 with a screw thread.

The one consisting of a sheet metal strip twisted around its longitudinal axis The spiral anchor 6 differs from the rod anchor 3 in that it is attached to its Anchoring in the mortar joint of the second shell 2 provided end two spread apart, forming an elongated angle leg 7.

That intended for anchoring in the mortar joint of the second shell 2 third element, referred to as a bow anchor 8, is a triangular loop 9 educated.

In all three anchoring elements 3, 6 and 8 is the angle between the as a shaft 4 trained middle part and the arms bent at one end thereof, or Legs always greater than or equal to 90 °, i.e. is the intermediate angle rectangular or obtuse. This has the consequence that the pull-out value in the longitudinal direction the shaft is relatively small.

The wall anchor according to the invention shown in FIG. 2, designated overall by 10, consists of an elongated shaft 11 at the ends of which arms 12, 13 are angled such that they enclose an acute angle α (alpha) with the shaft 11. The wall anchor 10 is made from a steel wire with a round cross section.

The wall anchor shown in FIG. 3, designated overall by 20, essentially consists of a sheet metal strip, the central part of which is designed as a shaft 21 twisted about its longitudinal axis. At least one end of the armature is split into two legs 22, 23 which are angled so that they form an acute angle β (beta < 90 °) with the shaft 21.

FIGS. 4 to 7 show a wall anchor designated overall by 30, which has a shaft 31 consisting of two wires twisted together. The region of the wires adjoining one end of the shaft 31 is U-shaped, the one leg 32, 33 connected to the shaft forming an acute angle γ (gamma) with the shaft 31. The end of the shaft 31 opposite the legs 32, 33 is designed as an eyelet 34 for receiving a fastening element 35. The fastening element 35 can be, for example, a nail which can be driven directly into the shell of the building or a screw which can be screwed into any dowel or directly into a hole in the building. If the anchor 30 is subjected to tension, the angle between the legs 32, 33 and the longitudinal axis of the anchor tends to increase because of the elasticity of the wire. The resulting spreading effect acts essentially perpendicular to the anchor axis and, in conjunction with the unyielding mortar that surrounds the anchor loop, ensures a significantly increased pull-out value (see arrows 36 in FIG. 7). In principle, the free ends of the bent legs 32, 33 can also be connected to form an endless loop.

8 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, with a total of 40 designated wall anchor. The wall anchor 40 has one of two twisted in itself Wiring existing shaft 41. At one end of the shaft 41 is an endless one Loop 42 formed. The legs 43, 44 connected to the shaft 41 of the Loop 42 forms an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of shaft 41. At The U-shaped arches of the loop 42 thus become tensile stress on the shaft pushed apart and additionally spread in the mortar joint. At the other than Anchoring end 45 formed end of the shaft 41 is the twisting of the wires expiring. An anchoring end 45 designed in this way can, for example, by means of from a glue cartridge or a dosing device, curable Multi-component mass can be anchored in a borehole.

9 shows a further embodiment of a wall anchor designated overall by 50 for connecting two masonry shells of a building evident. The wall anchor 50 has one of two twisted wires existing shaft 51. The two ends of the shaft 51 are also bent Arms 52, 53 or connected to legs 54, 55. The arms 52, 53 or the legs 54, 55 form an acute angle with the shaft 51 and thus result in one high extraction value of the wall anchor. The other ends of the arms 52, 53 and the Legs 54, 55 are U-shaped. The arms 52, 53 form an open one Legs 54, 55 a self-contained loop. The whole wall anchor 50 is made preferably from a single piece of wire.

The masonry anchors are used as follows: Be inner and outer Masonry shell pulled up at the same time, then the masonry anchors inserted into the mortar joints on both sides. Conversely, a masonry shell is first pulled up, one end of the anchor can already be in joints of the first Masonry shell are embedded. This procedure is proven in practice but mostly as little practical. It is therefore usually a masonry shell created in advance. The masonry anchors for connecting the masonry are then by means of a screw and dowel or adhesive mortar in or on the existing Masonry shell or concrete wall attached. Between the inner and outer Masonry shells can be provided with an insulation layer or an air gap.

Claims (15)

Wall anchor for transverse connection of the shells of a multi-shell structure consisting of at least two shells (1, 2), at least one of the shells consisting of masonry, with a central shaft area for absorbing tensile and compressive forces and two end areas for anchoring or fastening in or on the shells, the one end region provided for anchoring in the masonry having at least one arm or leg protruding at an angle from the shaft, characterized in that the arm (12, 13; 52, 53) or leg (22, 23; 32, 33; 43.44; 54.55) forms an acute angle (α, β, γ <90 °) with the shaft area (11,21,31,41,51). Wall anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that for anchoring end area provided in the masonry at least two in opposite Arms or legs (22.23; 32.33; 43.44; 54.55) projecting in directions. Wall anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ends of the Arms or legs (32.33; 43.44; 52.53; 54.55) rounded or U-shaped are trained. Wall anchor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the end area intended for anchoring in masonry approximately as Loop (42) is formed, the leg (42,43) with the shaft area (41) include an acute angle. Wall anchor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Anchors (10,30,40,50) made of wire, preferably with an essentially circular cross section. Wall anchor according to claim 5, characterized in that the shaft area (31,41,51) consists of at least two twisted wires. Wall anchor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the another end region of the armature (30) a connecting device (34) for a Fastening element (35). Wall anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that the Connecting device as one to the axis of the shaft area (31) in substantially vertical eyelet (34) is formed. Wall anchor according to claim 8, characterized in that the center of the eyelet (34) is arranged essentially in the longitudinal axis of the shaft region (31). Wall anchor according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that both ends of the armature (50) are designed as open or closed loops are. Wall anchor according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the anchor (10, 30, 40, 50) is made from a piece of wire. Wall anchor according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a End region (45) is designed as a helix. A method of manufacturing an anchor, characterized in that a Piece of wire of a certain length is first folded in the middle and that the The wires are then twisted together in the central area and at least one End area is formed so that the wire ends with the shaft area (11,21,31,41,51) include an acute angle (α, β, γ <90 °). A method of manufacturing an anchor according to claim 13, characterized characterized in that the wire ends are rounded, U-shaped or as a loop be formed. A method of manufacturing an anchor according to claim 13 or 14, characterized characterized in that the other end region as a loop, as an eyelet or as outgoing twist is formed.

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