EP0935785A2 - Systeme, procede et article pour la gestion de transactions dans un systeme a grande disponibilite - Google Patents

Systeme, procede et article pour la gestion de transactions dans un systeme a grande disponibilite

Info

Publication number
EP0935785A2
EP0935785A2 EP97933141A EP97933141A EP0935785A2 EP 0935785 A2 EP0935785 A2 EP 0935785A2 EP 97933141 A EP97933141 A EP 97933141A EP 97933141 A EP97933141 A EP 97933141A EP 0935785 A2 EP0935785 A2 EP 0935785A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transaction
gateway
payment
merchant
host
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97933141A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
David A. Berger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HP Inc
Original Assignee
Verifone Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/664,634 external-priority patent/US6026379A/en
Priority claimed from US08/671,822 external-priority patent/US5983208A/en
Application filed by Verifone Inc filed Critical Verifone Inc
Publication of EP0935785A2 publication Critical patent/EP0935785A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the secure, electronic payment in exchange for goods and services purchased over a communication network, and more specifically, to a system, method and article of manufacture for securely transmitting payment information from a customer to a merchant to a payment gateway and returning a certification, including a credit confidence factor to allow a merchant to determine whether to accept or reject payment information utilizing a flexible, extensible architecture.
  • the present invention relates to an electronic graphical representation of a monetary system for implementing electronic money payments as an alternative medium of economic exchange to cash, checks, credit and debit cards, and electronic funds transfer.
  • the Electronic-Monetary System is a hybrid of currency, check, card payment systems, and electronic funds transfer systems, possessing many of the benefits of these systems with few of their limitations.
  • the system utilizes electronic representations of money which are designed to be universally accepted and exchanged as economic value by subscribers of the monetary system.
  • checks may be written for any specific amount up to the amount available in the account, checks have very limited transferability and must be supplied from a physical inventory. Paper-based checking systems do not offer sufficient relief from the limitations of cash transactions, sharing many of the inconveniences of handling currency while adding the inherent delays associated with processing checks. To this end, economic exchange has striven for greater convenience at -a lower cost, while also seeking improved security.
  • EFT electronic funds transfer
  • Electronic funds transfer is essentially a process of value exchange achieved through the banking system's centralized computer transactions.
  • EFT services are a transfer of payments utilizing electronic "checks,” which are used primarily by large commercial organizations.
  • ACH Clearing House
  • POS Point Of Sale
  • EFT systems that are utilized by retail and commercial organizations.
  • the payments made through these types of EFT systems are limited in that they cannot be performed without the banking system.
  • ACH transactions usually cannot be performed during off business hours.
  • Home Banking bill payment services are examples of an EFT system used by individuals to make payments from a home computer.
  • EFT system used by individuals to make payments from a home computer.
  • home banking initiatives have found few customers.
  • account transfers and information over the telephone lines using personal computers less than one percent of the bank's customers are using the service.
  • One reason that Home Banking has not been a successful product is because the customer cannot deposit and withdraw money as needed in this type of system.
  • EFT systems Credit cards, or debit cards, which are used in conjunction with an on-line system to transfer money between accounts, such as between the account of a merchant and that of a customer, cannot satisfy the need for an automated transaction system providing an ergonomic interface.
  • EFT systems which provide non-ergonomic interfaces are disclosed in US Patents Numbers 5,476,259; 5,459,304; 5,452,352; 5,448,045; 5,478,993; 5,455,407; 5,453,601; 5,465,291; and 5,485,510.
  • the more well known techniques include magnetic stripe cards purchased for a given amount and from which a prepaid value can be deducted for specific purposes. Upon exhaustion of the economic value, the cards are thrown away.
  • Other examples include memory cards or so called smart cards which are capable of repetitively storing information representing value that is likewise deducted for specific purposes.
  • a computer operated under the control of a merchant it is desirable for a computer operated under the control of a merchant to obtain information offered by a customer and transmitted by a computer operating under the control of the customer over a publicly accessible packet- switched network (e.g., the Internet) to the computer operating under the control of the merchant, without risking the exposure of the information to interception by third parties that have access to the network, and to assure that the information is from an authentic source. It is further desirable for the merchant to transmit information, including a subset of the information provided by the customer, over such a network to a payment gateway computer system that is designated, by a bank or other financial institution that has the responsibility of providing payment on behalf of the customer, to authorize a commercial transaction on behalf of such a financial institution, without the risk of exposing that information to interception by third parties.
  • Such institutions include, for example, financial institutions offering credit or debit card services.
  • SET Secure Electronic Transaction
  • Secure Electronic Transaction SET
  • Other such secure payment technologies include Secure Transaction Technology (“STT”), Secure Electronic Payments Protocol (“SEPP”), Internet Keyed Payments (“iKP”), Net Trust, and Cybercash Credit Payment Protocol.
  • STT Secure Transaction Technology
  • SEPP Secure Electronic Payments Protocol
  • iKP Internet Keyed Payments
  • Net Trust Net Trust
  • Cybercash Credit Payment Protocol a secure payment technology that can be substituted for the SET protocol without undue experimentation.
  • Such secure payment technologies require the customer to operate software that is compliant with the secure payment technology, interacting with third-party certification authorities, thereby allowing the customer to transmit encoded information to a merchant, some of which may be decoded by the merchant, and some which can be decoded only by a payment gateway specified by the customer.
  • SSL Secure Sockets Layer
  • Freier Freier, Karlton & Kocher
  • SSL Protocol Version 3.0, March 1996 hereby incorporated by reference.
  • SSL provides a means for secure transmission between two computers.
  • SSL has the advantage that it does not require special-purpose software to be installed on the customer's computer because it is already incorporated into widely available software that many people utilize as their standard Internet access medium, and does not require that the customer interact with any third-party certification authority. Instead, the support for SSL may be incorporated into software already in use by the customer, e.g., the Netscape Navigator World Wide Web browsing tool.
  • a computer on an SSL connection may initiate a second SSL connection to another computer, a drawback to the SSL approach is each SSL connection supports only a two-computer connection.
  • SSL does not provide a mechanism for transmitting encoded information to a merchant for retransmission to a payment gateway such that a subset of the information is readable to the payment gateway but not to the merchant.
  • SSL allows for robustly secure two-party data transmission, it does not meet the ultimate need of the electronic commerce market for robustly secure three-party data transmission.
  • Other examples of general-purpose secure communication protocols include Private Communications Technology (“PCT”) from Microsoft, Inc., Secure Hyper-Text Transport Protocol (“SHTTP”) from Terisa Systems, Shen, Kerberos, Photuris, Pretty Good Privacy (“PGP”) which meets the IPSEC criteria.
  • PCT Private Communications Technology
  • SHTTP Secure Hyper-Text Transport Protocol
  • PGP Pretty Good Privacy
  • Banks desire an Internet payment solution that emulates existing Point of Sale (POS) applications that are currently installed on their host computers, and require minimal changes to their host systems. This is a critical requirement since any downtime for a banks host computer system represents an enormous expense.
  • VeriFone supports over fourteen hundred different payment-related applications. The large number of applications is necessary to accommodate a wide variety of host message formats, diverse methods for communicating to a variety of hosts with different dial-up and direct-connect schemes, and different certification around the world.
  • POS Point of Sale
  • Banks are unwilling to converge on "standards" since convergence would facilitate switching from one acquiring bank to another by merchants.
  • banks desire to increase the cost that a merchant incurs in switching from one acquiring bank to another acquiring bank. This is accomplished by supplying a merchant with a terminal that only communicates utilizing the bank's proprietary protocol, and by providing other value-added services that a merchant may not be able to obtain at another bank.
  • Internet-based payment solutions require additional security measures that are not found in conventional POS terminals. This additional requirement is necessitated because Internet communication is done over publicly-accessible, unsecured communication line in stark contrast to the private, secure, dedicated phone or leased line service utilized between a traditional merchant and an acquiring bank. Thus, it is critical that any solution utilizing the Internet for a communication backbone, employ some form of cryptography.
  • SET the current state-of-the-art in Internet based payment processing is a protocol referred to as SET. Since the SET messages are uniform across all implementations, banks cannot differentiate themselves in any reasonable way. Also, since SET is not a proper superset of all protocols utilized today, there are bank protocols which cannot be mapped or translated into SET because they require data elements for which SET has no placeholder. Further, SET only handles the message types directly related to authorizing and capturing credit card transactions and adjustments to these authorizations or captures. In a typical POS terminal in the physical world, these messages comprise almost the entire volume of the total number of messages between the merchant and the authorizing bank, but only half of the total number of different message types. These message types, which are used infrequently, but which are critical to the operation of the POS terminal must be supported for proper transaction processing.
  • communication networks that employ transactions between applications must effectively manage transactions that flow over the network.
  • networking systems must also detect counterfeit transactions, especially, when the networking systems are utilized for financial transactions.
  • An active, on-line database is utilized as a transaction log to track original requests, valid retrys and detect fradulant transactions.
  • the transaction log serves as a memory cache where the received host response is returned to a valid retry transaction should the original response fail to reach a server because of a communications problem.
  • Figure 1A is a block diagram of a representative hardware environment in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure IB depicts an overview in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 1C is a block diagram of the system in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 2 depicts a more detailed view of a customer computer system in communication with merchant system under the Secure Sockets Layer protocol in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 3 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment information to a payment gateway in order to obtain payment authorization in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 4 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figures 5A through 5F depict views of the payment authorization request and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIGS 7A through 7J depict views of the payment authorization response and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 8 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization response in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 9 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment capture information to a payment gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 10 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIGS. 11A through 11F depict views of the payment capture request and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIGS. 12A and 12B depict the detailed steps of processing a payment capture request and generating and transmitting a payment capture request response in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIGS 13A through 13F depict views of the payment capture response and its component parts in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 14 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment capture response in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 15A & 15B depicts transaction processing of merchant and consumer transactions in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 16 illustrates a transaction class hierarchy block diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 17 shows a typical message flow between the merchant, vPOS terminal and the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figures 18A-E are block diagrams of the extended SET architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 19 is a flowchart of vPOS merchant pay customization in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figures 20A-20H are block diagrams and flowcharts setting forth the detailed logic of thread processing in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 21 is a detailed diagram of a multithreaded gateway engine in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 22 is a flow diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 23 illustrates a Gateway's role in a network in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 24 is a block diagram of the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram of the vPOS Terminal Architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 26 is an architecture block diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 27 is a block diagram of the payment manager architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 28 is a Consumer Payment Message Sequence Diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 29 is an illustration of a certificate issuance form in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 30 illustrates a certificate issuance response in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 31 illustrates a collection of payment instrument holders in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 32 illustrates the default payment instrument bitmap in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • -Si- Figure 33 illustrates a selected payment instrument with a fill in the blanks for the cardholder in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 34 illustrates a coffee purchase utilizing the newly defined VISA card in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 35 is a flowchart of conditional authorization of payment in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figures 36-48 are screen displays in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 49 shows how the vPOS authenticates an incoming response to a request in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 50 is a flowchart for the merchant interaction with the Test Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • FIGS. 51-61 are flowcharts depicting the detailed logic of the gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 62 is the main administration display for the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 63 is a configuration panel in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 64 is a host communication display for facilitating communication between the gateway and the acquirer payment host in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 65 is a Services display in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 66 is a graphical representation of the gateway transaction database in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a typical hardware configuration of a workstation in accordance with a preferred embodiment having a central processing unit 10, such as a microprocessor, and a number of other units interconnected via a system bus 12.
  • a central processing unit 10 such as a microprocessor
  • the workstation shown in Figure 1A includes a Random Access Memory (RAM) 14, Read Only Memory (ROM) 16, an I/O adapter 18 for connecting peripheral devices such as disk storage units 20 to the bus 12, a user interface adapter 22 for connecting a keyboard 24, a mouse 26, a speaker 28, a microphone 32, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch screen (not shown) to the bus 12, communication adapter 34 for connecting the workstation to a communication network (e.g., a data processing network) and a display adapter 36 for connecting the bus 12 to a display device 38.
  • the workstation typically has resident thereon an operating system such as the Microsoft Windows NT or Windows/95 Operating System (OS), the IBM OS/2 operating system, the MAC OS, or UNIX operating system.
  • OS Microsoft Windows NT or Windows/95 Operating System
  • MAC OS MAC OS
  • UNIX operating system Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may also be implemented on platforms and operating systems other than those mentioned.
  • OOP object oriented programming
  • a preferred embodiment is written using JAVA, C, and the C++ language and utilizes object oriented programming methodology.
  • Object oriented programming (OOP) has become increasingly used to develop complex applications.
  • OOP moves toward the mainstream of software design and development, various software solutions require adaptation to make use of the benefits of OOP.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to implement documents on the Internet together with a general-purpose secure communication protocol for a transport medium between the client and the merchant. HTTP or other protocols could be readily substituted for HTML without undue experimentation.
  • HTML HyperText Markup Language
  • Information on these products is available in T. Berners-Lee, D. Connoly, "RFC 1866: Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0" (Nov. 1995); and R. Fielding, H, Frystyk, T. Berners-Lee, J. Gettys and J.C.
  • HTML Hypertext T ransfer Protocol - HTTP/ 1.1: HTTP Working Group Internet Draft
  • HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains. HTML has been in use by the World- Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. HTML is an application of ISO Standard 8879: 1986 Information Processing Text and Office Systems; Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
  • Sun's JAVA allows developers to create robust User Interface (UI) components.
  • Custom "widgets” e.g. real-time stock tickers, animated icons, etc.
  • client-side performance is improved.
  • Java supports the notion of client-side validation, offloading appropriate processing onto the client for improved performance. Dynamic, real-time Web pages can be created. Using the above-mentioned custom UI components, dynamic Web pages can also be created.
  • Sun's Java language has emerged as an industry-recognized language for "programming the Internet.”
  • Sun defines Java as: "a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, architecture-neutral, portable, high- performance, multithreaded, dynamic, buzzword-compliant, general-purpose programming language.
  • Java supports programming for the Internet in the form of platform-independent Java applets.”
  • Java applets are small, specialized applications that comply with Sun's Java Application Programming Interface (API) allowing developers to add "interactive content” to Web documents (e.g. simple animations, page adornments, basic games, etc.). Applets execute within a Java-compatible browser (e.g. Netscape Navigator) by copying code from the server to client.
  • Java-compatible browser e.g. Netscape Navigator
  • Java's core feature set is based on C++.
  • Sun's Java literature states that Java is basically "C++, with extensions from Objective C for more dynamic method resolution".
  • Another technology that provides similar function to JAVA is provided by Microsoft and ActiveX Technologies, to give developers and Web designers wherewithal to build dynamic content for the Internet and personal computers.
  • ActiveX includes tools for developing animation, 3-D virtual reality, video and other multimedia content. The tools use Internet standards, work on multiple platforms, and are being supported by over 100 companies.
  • the group's building blocks are called ActiveX Controls, small, fast components that enable developers to embed parts of software in hypertext markup language (HTML) pages.
  • HTML hypertext markup language
  • FIG. 1B depicts an overview of the present invention.
  • Customer computer system 120 is in communication with merchant computer system 130.
  • the customer-merchant session 150 operates under a general-purpose secure communication protocol such as the SSL protocol.
  • Merchant computer system 130 is additionally in communication with payment gateway computer system 140.
  • a payment gateway is a system that provides electronic commerce services in support of a bank or other financial institution, and that interfaces to the financial institution to support the authorization and capture of transactions.
  • the customer-institution session 170 operates under a variant of a secure payment technology such as the SET protocol, as described herein, referred to as Merchant-Originated Secure Electronic Transactions ("MOSET”), as is more fully described herein.
  • MOSET Merchant-Originated Secure Electronic Transactions
  • Figure 2 depicts a more detailed view of customer computer system 120 in communication with merchant system 130 using customer-merchant session 150 operating under the SSL protocol as documented in Freier and incorporated by reference.
  • Customer computer system 120 initiates communication with merchant computer system 130 using any well-known access protocol, e.g., Transmission
  • TCP/IP Control Protocol /Internet Protocol
  • ROC 793 Transmission Control Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification
  • ROC 791 Internet Protocol DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification
  • Customer computer system 120 initiates communication by sending "client hello" message 210 to the merchant computer system 130.
  • client hello message 210 When a client first connects to a server it is required to send the client hello message 210 as its first message.
  • the client can also send a client hello message 210 in response to a hello request on its own initiative in order to renegotiate the security parameters in an existing connection.
  • the client hello message includes a random structure, which is used later in the protocol. Specifically, the random structure includes the current time and date in standard UNIX 32-bit format according to the sender's internal clock and twenty-eight bytes of data generated by a secure random number generator.
  • the client hello message 210 further includes a variable length session identifier.
  • the session identifier value identifies a session between the same client and server whose security parameters the client wishes to reuse.
  • the session identifier may be from an earlier connection, the current connection, or another currently active connection. It is useful to specify the current connection if the client only wishes to update the random structures and derived values of a connection. It is useful to specify another currently active connection if the client wishes to establish several simultaneous independent secure connections to the same server without repeating the full handshake protocol.
  • server hello message 215 includes a random structure, which is used later in the protocol. The random structure in server hello message 215 is in the same format as, but has contents independent of, the random structure in client hello message 210.
  • the random structure includes the current time and date in standard UNIX 32-bit format according to the sender's internal clock and twenty-eight bytes of data generated by a secure random number generator.
  • Server hello message 215 further includes a variable length session identifier. The session identifier value identifies a new or existing session between the same client and server.
  • Server hello message 215 further includes an indicator of the cryptographic algorithms selected from among the algorithms specified by client hello message 210, which is utilized in further encrypted communications.
  • Merchant computer system 130 transmits a server certificate 220. If transmitted, server certificate 130 enables customer computer system 120 to authenticate the identity of merchant computer system 130. If merchant computer system 130 does not transmit a server certificate 220, or if server certificate 220 is suitable only for authentication, it may optionally transmit a server key exchange message 225. Server key exchange message 225 identifies a key that may be used by customer computer system 120 to decrypt further messages sent by merchant computer system 130. After transmitting server hello message 215, and optionally transmitting server certificate 220 or server key exchange message 225, merchant computer system 130 transmits a server hello done message 230 and waits for a further response from customer computer system 120.
  • Customer computer system 120 optionally transmits client certificate 240 to merchant computer system 130. If transmitted, client certificate 240 enables merchant computer system 130 to authenticate the identity of customer computer system 120. Alternatively, customer computer system 120 may transmit a no- client-certificate alert 245, to indicate that the customer has not registered with any certification authority. If customer computer system 130 does not transmit a client certificate 240, or if client certificate 240 is suitable only for authentication, customer computer system 130 may optionally transmit a client key exchange message 250. Client key exchange message 250 identifies a key that may be used by merchant computer system 130 to decrypt further messages sent by customer computer system 120. After optionally transmitting client certificate 240, no-client- certificate alert 245, and/or client key exchange message 250, customer computer system 120 transmits a finished message 260.
  • customer computer system 120 and merchant computer system 130 have:
  • Customer computer system 120 and merchant computer system 130 may thereafter engage in secure communications 270 with less risk of interception by third parties.
  • the messages communicated by customer computer system 120 to merchant computer system 130 may be messages that specify goods or services to be ordered and payment information, such as a credit card number and related information, collectively referred to as "payment information," that may be used to pay for the goods and /or services ordered.
  • payment information such as a credit card number and related information, collectively referred to as "payment information,” that may be used to pay for the goods and /or services ordered.
  • the merchant In order to obtain payment, the merchant must supply this information to the bank or other payment gateway responsible for the proffered payment method. This enables the merchant to perform payment authorization and payment capture.
  • Payment authorization is the process by which permission is granted by a payment gateway operating on behalf of a financial institution to authorize payment on behalf of the financial institution.
  • Payment capture is the process that triggers the movement of funds from the financial institution to the merchant's account after settlement of the account.
  • An embodiment in accordance with the subject invention allows an acquirer processor to accept transactions from Internet storefronts without altering a current host environment.
  • the system easily converts payment protocol messages and simultaneously manages transactions from a number of Internet merchant servers.
  • the payment gateway can be scaled to handle the increased business, and it can be configured to work with specific business processes used by the acquirer/ processor.
  • the payment gateway supports Internet processing utilizing payment processing operations.
  • the payment gateway provides support for configuring and installing the Internet payment capability utilizing existing host point-of-sale technology.
  • the payment gateway also provides an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) with support built in to accommodate future payment instruments such as debit cards, electronic checks, electronic cash and micropayments.
  • GUI Graphical User Interface
  • the payment gateway implements secure transactions using RSA public-key cryptography and the MasterCard /Visa Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol.
  • SET Secure Electronic Transaction
  • the gateway also provides full functionality for merchant payment processing including authorization, capture, settlement and reconciliation while providing monitor activity with reporting and tracking of transactions sent over the Internet.
  • the payment gateway also implements Internet payment procedures that match current processor business models to ensure consistency for merchants. Handling Internet transactions is destined to become a necessary function for every payment procrocessing system. Today, merchants often transmit data received over the Internet inefficiently. Some fax the information or waste time keying data into a non-Internet system.
  • Figure 3 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment information to a payment gateway in order to obtain payment authorization.
  • merchant computer system 130 generates a payment authorization request 315 and transmits it to payment gateway computer system 140.
  • payment gateway system 140 processes the payment authorization request, generates a payment authorization response 325 and transmits it to merchant computer system 130.
  • merchant computer system 130 processes payment authorization response 325 and determines whether payment for the goods or services sought to be obtained by the customer has been authorized.
  • Figure 4 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request.
  • Figures 5A through 5F depict views of the payment authorization request and its component parts.
  • merchant computer system 130 creates a basic authorization request 510.
  • the basic authorization request is a data area that includes all the information for determining whether a request should be granted or denied. Specifically, it includes such information as the party who is being charged, the amount to be charged, the account number of the account to be charged, and any additional data, such as passwords, needed to validate the charge. This information is either calculated based upon prior customer merchandise selection, or provided by the customer over the secure link 270 established in the customer-merchant general-purpose secure communication protocol session.
  • Fig 5A depicts a basic authorization request 510.
  • merchant computer system 130 combines basic authorization request 510, a copy of its encryption public key certificate 515 and a copy of its signature public key certificate 520.
  • Merchant computer system 130 calculates a digital signature 525 for the combined contents of the combined block 530 comprising basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520, and appends it to the combination of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520.
  • the merchant computer system calculates digital signature 525 by first calculating a "message digest" based upon the contents of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520.
  • a message digest is the fixed-length result that is generated when a variable length message is fed into a one-way hashing function. Message digests help verify that a message has not been altered because altering the message would change the digest. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 130 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.
  • Figure 5B depicts the combined block 530 formed by function block 420 and containing basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate
  • Random encryption key RK-0 540 is a symmetric encryption key.
  • a symmetric encryption key is a key characterized by the property that a message encrypted with a symmetric key can be decrypted with that same key. This is contrasted with an asymmetric key pair, such as a public-key/ private-key key pair, where a message encrypted with one key of the key pair may only be decrypted with the other key of the same key pair.
  • Figure 5C depicts random encryption key RK-0 540.
  • merchant computer system 130 encrypts combined block 530 using random encryption key RK-0 540 to form encrypted combined block 550.
  • Figure 5D depicts encrypted combined block 550. The encryption state of encrypted combined block 550 is graphically shown by random key lock 555, which indicates that encrypted combined block 550 is encrypted using random key RK-0 540.
  • merchant computer system 130 encrypts random encryption key RK-0 540 using the public key of payment gateway system 140 to form encrypted random key 560.
  • Figure 5E depicts encrypted random key 560. The encryption state of encrypted random key 560 is graphically shown by payment gateway public key lock 565, which indicates that encrypted random key 560 is encrypted using the payment gateway public key.
  • merchant computer system 130 concatenates encrypted combined block 550 and encrypted random key 560 to form merchant authorization request 315.
  • Figure 5F depicts merchant authorization request 315 comprising encrypted combined block 550 and encrypted random key 560.
  • merchant computer system 130 transmits merchant authorization request 315 to payment gateway system 140.
  • Payment Authorization Request Processing Figure 6 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization request and generating and transmitting a payment authorization request response.
  • Function blocks 610 through 630 depict the steps of processing a payment authorization request, while function blocks 635 through 685 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request response.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 applies its private key to encrypted random key 560 contained within received merchant authorization request 315, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK-0 540.
  • function block 615 payment gateway computer system 140 applies random key RK-0 540 to encrypted combined block 550, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of combined block 530.
  • Combined block 530 comprises basic authorization request 510, a copy of merchant computer system's 130 encryption public key certificate 515 and a copy of merchant computer system's 130 signature public key certificate 520, as well as merchant digital signature 525.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 verifies merchant computer system's 130 encryption public key certificate 515 and merchant computer system's 130 signature public key certificate 520. Payment gateway computer system 140 performs this verification by making a call to the certification authorities associated with each certificate. If verification of either certificate fails, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the authorization request.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 validates merchant digital signature 525.
  • Payment gateway computer system 140 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic authorization request 510, the encryption public key certificate 515 and the signature public key certificate 520. Payment gateway computer system 140 then decrypts digital signature 525 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by merchant computer system 130 in function block 420. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 525 is validated. If validation fails, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the authorization request. In function block 630, payment gateway computer system 140 determines the financial institution for which authorization is required by inspection of basic authorization request 510.
  • Payment gateway computer system 140 contacts the appropriate financial institution using a secure means, e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, obtains a response indicating whether the requested payment is authorized.
  • a secure means e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, obtains a response indicating whether the requested payment is authorized.
  • Payment Authorization Response Generation Function blocks 635 through 685 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment authorization request response.
  • Figures 7A through 7J depict views of the payment authorization response and its component parts.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 creates a basic authorization response 710.
  • the basic authorization request is a data area that includes all the information to determine whether a request was granted or denied.
  • Figure 7A depicts basic authorization response 710.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 combines basic authorization response 710, and a copy of its signature public key certificate 720.
  • Payment computer system 140 calculates a digital signature 725 for the combined contents of the combined block 730 comprising basic authorization response 710 and the signature public key certificate 720, and appends the signature to the combination of the combined basic authorization response 710 and the signature public key certificate 720.
  • the payment gateway computer system calculates digital signature 725 by first calculating a message digest based on the contents of the combined basic authorization response 710 and signature public key certificate 720. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 140 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.
  • Figure 7B depicts the combined block 730 formed in function block 640 and containing basic authorization response 710, the signature public key certificate 720, and digital signature 725.
  • payment gateway computer system 150 generates a first symmetric random encryption key 740, denoted as RK- 1.
  • Figure 7C depicts first random encryption key RK-1 740.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts combined block 730 using random encryption key RK-1 740 to form encrypted combined block 750.
  • Figure 7D depicts encrypted combined block 750.
  • the encryption state of encrypted combined block 750 is graphically shown by random key lock 755, which indicates that encrypted combined block 750 is encrypted using random key RK-1 740.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts random encryption key RK- 1 740 using the public key of merchant computer system 130 to form encrypted random key RK 760.
  • Figure 7E depicts encrypted random key RK-1 760. The encryption state of encrypted random key 760 is graphically shown by merchant public key lock 765, which indicates that encrypted random key 760 is encrypted using the merchant public key.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 generates a random capture token 770. Random capture token 770 is utilized in subsequent payment capture processing to associate the payment capture request with the payment authorization request being processed.
  • Figure 7F depicts capture token 775.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 generates a second symmetric random encryption key 775, denoted as RK-2.
  • Figure 7G depicts second random encryption key RK-2 775.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts capture token 770 using random encryption key RK-2 770 to form encrypted capture token 780.
  • Figure 7H depicts encrypted capture token 780.
  • the encryption state of encrypted capture token 780 is graphically shown by random key lock 785, which indicates that encrypted capture token 780 is encrypted using random key RK-2 770.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts second random encryption key RK- 2 775 using its own public key to form encrypted random key RK-2 790.
  • Figure 71 depicts encrypted random key RK-2 790.
  • the encryption state of encrypted random key 790 is graphically shown by payment gateway public key lock 795, which indicates that encrypted random key 790 is encrypted using the payment gateway public key.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 concatenates encrypted combined block 750, encrypted random key RK- 1 760, encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790 to form merchant authorization response 325.
  • Figure 7J depicts merchant authorization response 325 comprising encrypted combined block 750, encrypted random key RK-1 760, encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 transmits merchant authorization response 325 to merchant system 130.
  • Figure 8 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment authorization response.
  • merchant computer system 130 applies its private key to encrypted random key RK- 1 760 contained within received merchant authorization response 325, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK- 1 740.
  • function block 820 merchant computer system 130 applies random key RK- 1 740 to encrypted combined block 750, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of combined block 730.
  • Combined block 730 comprises basic authorization response 710, a copy of payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 720, as well as payment gateway digital signature 725.
  • merchant computer system 130 verifies payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 720.
  • Merchant computer system 130 performs this verification by making a call to the certification authority associated with the certificate. If verification of the certificate fails, merchant computer system 130 concludes that the authorization response is counterfeit and treats it though the authorization request had been rejected.
  • merchant computer system 130 validates payment gateway digital signature 725. Merchant computer system 130 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic authorization request 710 and the signature public key certificate 720. Merchant computer system 130 then decrypts digital signature 725 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by payment gateway computer system 140 in function block 640. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 725 is validated. If validation fails, concludes that the authorization response is counterfeit and treats it though the authorization request had been rejected.
  • merchant computer system 130 stores encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790 for later use in payment capture.
  • merchant computer system 130 processes the customer purchase request in accordance with the authorization response 710. If the authorization response indicates that payment in authorized, merchant computer system 130 fills the requested order. If the authorization response indicates that payment is not authorized, or if merchant computer system 130 determined in function block 830 or 840 that the authorization response is counterfeit , merchant computer system 130 indicates to the customer that the order cannot be filled.
  • Payment Capture Figure 9 depicts an overview of the method of securely supplying payment capture information to payment gateway 140 in order to obtain payment capture.
  • merchant computer system 130 generates a merchant payment capture request 915 and transmits it to payment gateway computer system 140.
  • payment gateway system 140 processes the payment capture request 915, generates a payment capture response 925 and transmits it to merchant computer system 130.
  • merchant computer system 130 processes payment capture response 925 and verifies that payment for the goods or services sought to be obtained by the customer have been captured.
  • Figure 10 depicts the detailed steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request.
  • Figures 11A through 1 IF depict views of the payment capture request and its component parts.
  • merchant computer system 130 creates a basic capture request 510.
  • the basic capture request is a data area that includes all the information needed by payment gateway computer system 140 to trigger a transfer of funds to the merchant operating merchant computer system 130.
  • a capture request includes a capture request amount, a capture token, a date, summary information of the purchased items and a Merchant ID (MID) for the particular merchant.
  • Figure 11A depicts basic authorization request 1110.
  • merchant computer system 130 combines basic capture request 1110, a copy of its encryption public key certificate 1115 and a copy of its signature public key certificate 1120.
  • Merchant computer system 130 calculates a digital signature 1125 for the combined contents of the combined block 1130 comprising basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120, and appends it to the combination of the combined basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120.
  • the merchant computer system calculates digital signature 1125 by first calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 130 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.
  • Figure 11B depicts the combined block 1130 formed by function block 1020 and containing basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115, the signature public key certificate 1120, and digital signature 1125.
  • merchant computer system 130 generates a random encryption key 1140, denoted as RK-3.
  • Random encryption key RK-3 1140 is a symmetric encryption key.
  • Figure 11C depicts random encryption key RK-3 1140.
  • merchant computer system 130 encrypts combined block 1130 using random encryption key RK-3 1140 to form encrypted combined block 1150.
  • Figure 11D depicts encrypted combined block 1150.
  • the encryption state of encrypted combined block 1150 is graphically shown by random key lock 1155, which indicates that encrypted combined block 1150 is encrypted using random key RK-3 1140.
  • merchant computer system 130 encrypts random encryption key RK-3 1140 using the public key of payment gateway system 140 to form encrypted random key 1160.
  • Figure HE depicts encrypted random key 1160. The encryption state of encrypted random key 1160 is graphically shown by payment gateway public key lock 1165, which indicates that encrypted random key RK-3 1160 is encrypted using the payment gateway public key.
  • merchant computer system 130 concatenates encrypted combined block 1150, encrypted random key 1160, and the encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790 that were stored in function block 850 to form merchant capture request 915.
  • Figure HF depicts merchant capture request 915, comprising encrypted combined block 1150, encrypted random key 1160, encrypted capture token 780 and encrypted random key RK-2 790.
  • merchant computer system 130 transmits merchant capture request 915 to payment gateway system 140.
  • Figure 12 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment capture request and generating and transmitting a payment capture request response.
  • Function blocks 1210 through 1245 depict the steps of processing a payment capture request
  • function blocks 1250 through 1285 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request response.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 applies its private key to encrypted random key 1160 contained within received merchant capture request 915, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK-3 1140.
  • function block 1215 payment gateway computer system 140 applies random key RK-3 1140 to encrypted combined block 1150, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of combined block 1130.
  • Combined block 1130 comprises basic capture request 1110, a copy of merchant computer system's 130 encryption public key certificate 1115 and a copy of merchant computer system's 130 signature public key certificate 1120, as well as merchant digital signature 1125.
  • function block 1130 comprises basic capture request 1110, a copy of merchant computer system's 130 encryption public key certificate 1115 and
  • payment gateway computer system 140 verifies merchant computer system's 130 encryption public key certificate 1115 and merchant computer system's 130 signature public key certificate 1120. Payment gateway computer system 140 performs this verification by making a call to the certification authorities associated with each certificate. If verification of either certificate fails, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the capture request.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 validates merchant digital signature 1125. Payment gateway computer system 140 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture request 1110, the encryption public key certificate 1115 and the signature public key certificate 1120. Payment gateway computer system 140 then decrypts digital signature 1125 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by merchant computer system 130 in function block 1020.
  • the digital signature 1125 is validated. If validation fails, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the capture request.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 applies its private key to encrypted random key RK-2 790 contained within received merchant capture request 915, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK-2 775.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 applies random key RK-2 775 to encrypted capture token 780, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of capture token 770.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 verifies that a proper transaction is being transmitted between capture token 780 and capture request 1110. A capture token contains data that the gateway generates at the time of authorization.
  • the encrypted capture token is given to the merchant for storage.
  • the merchant returns the capture token to the gateway along with other information required for capture.
  • the gateway compares a message made of the capture request data and the capture token data and transmits this information over a traditional credit/ debit network. If an improperly formatted transaction is detected, payment gateway computer system 140 rejects the capture request.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 determines the financial institution for which capture is requested by inspection of basic capture request 1110.
  • Payment gateway computer system 140 contacts the appropriate financial institution using a secure means, e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, instructs a computer at the financial institution to perform the requested funds transfer after settlement.
  • a secure means e.g, a direct-dial modem-to-modem connection, or a proprietary internal network that is not accessible to third parties, and using prior art means, instructs a computer at the financial institution to perform the requested funds transfer after settlement.
  • Function blocks 1250 through 1285 depict the steps of generating and transmitting a payment capture request response.
  • Figures 13A through 13F depict views of the payment capture response and its component parts.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 creates a basic capture response 710.
  • the basic capture request is a data area that includes all the information to indicate whether a capture request was granted or denied.
  • Figure 13 A depicts basic authorization request 1310.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 combines basic capture response 1310, and a copy of its signature public key certificate 1320.
  • Payment computer system 140 calculates a digital signature 1325 for the combined contents of the combined block 1330 comprising basic capture response 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320, and appends the signature to the combination of the combined basic authorization request 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320.
  • the payment gateway computer system calculates digital signature 1325 by first calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic capture response 1310 and signature public key certificate 720. The message digest is then encrypted using the merchant computer system's 140 digital signature private key, thus forming a digital signature.
  • Figure 13B depicts the combined block 1330 formed by function block 1255 and containing basic capture request 1310, the signature public key certificate 1320, and digital signature 1325.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 generates a symmetric random encryption key 1340, denoted as RK-4.
  • Figure 13C depicts random encryption key RK-4 1340.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts combined block 1330 using random encryption key RK-4 1340 to form encrypted combined block 1350.
  • Figure 13D depicts encrypted combined block 1350.
  • the encryption state of encrypted combined block 1350 is graphically shown by random key lock 1355, which indicates that encrypted combined block 1350 is encrypted using random key RK-4 1340.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 encrypts random encryption key RK-4 1340 using the public key of merchant computer system 130 to form encrypted random key RK-4 1360.
  • Figure 13E depicts encrypted random key RK-4 1360. The encryption state of encrypted random key 1360 is graphically shown by merchant public key lock 1365, which indicates that encrypted random key 1360 is encrypted using the merchant public key.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 concatenates encrypted combined block 1350 and encrypted random key RK-4 1360 to form merchant capture response 925.
  • Figure 13F depicts merchant capture response 925 comprising encrypted combined block 1350 and encrypted random key RK-4 1360.
  • payment gateway computer system 140 transmits merchant capture response 925 to merchant system 130.
  • Figure 14 depicts the detailed steps of processing a payment capture response.
  • merchant computer system 130 applies its private key to encrypted random key RK-4 1360 contained within received merchant capture response 925, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of random key RK-4 1340.
  • function block 1420 merchant computer system 130 applies random key RK-4 1340 to encrypted combined block 1350, thereby decrypting it and obtaining a cleartext version of combined block 1330.
  • Combined block 1330 comprises basic capture response 1310, a copy of payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 1320, as well as payment gateway digital signature 1325.
  • merchant computer system 130 verifies payment gateway computer system's 140 signature public key certificate 1320.
  • Merchant computer system 130 performs this verification by making a call to the certification authority associated with the certificate. If verification of the certificate fails, merchant computer system 130 concludes that the capture response is counterfeit and raises an error condition.
  • merchant computer system 130 validates payment gateway digital signature 1325. Merchant computer system 130 performs this validation by calculating a message digest over the contents of the combined basic authorization request 1310 and the signature public key certificate 1320. Merchant computer system 130 then decrypts digital signature 1325 to obtain a copy of the equivalent message digest calculated by payment gateway computer system 140 in function block 1255. If the two message digests are equal, the digital signature 1325 is validated. If validation fails, merchant computer system 130 concludes that the authorization response is counterfeit and raises an error condition.
  • merchant computer system 130 stores capture response for later use in by legacy system accounting programs, e.g. to perform reconciliation between the merchant operating merchant computer system 130 and the financial institution from whom payment was requested, thereby completing the transaction.
  • legacy system accounting programs e.g. to perform reconciliation between the merchant operating merchant computer system 130 and the financial institution from whom payment was requested, thereby completing the transaction.
  • the system of the present invention permits immediate deployment of a secure payment technology architecture such as the SET architecture without first establishing a public-key encryption infrastructure for use by consumers. It thereby permits immediate use of SET-compliant transaction processing without the need for consumers to migrate to SET-compliant application software.
  • vPOS Terminal Cartridge provides payment functionality similar to what a VeriFone PoS terminal ("gray box”) provides for a merchant today, allowing a merchant to process payments securely using the Internet. It provides full payment functionality for a variety of payment instruments.
  • Payment Functionality Figure 15A illustrates a payment processing flow in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the payment functionality provided by the vPOS terminal is divided into two main categories: "Merchant-Initiated” 1510 and "Consumer-Initiated”
  • Some payment transactions require communication with the Acquirer Bank through the Gateway 1530.
  • the normal flow of a transaction is via the vPOS Cartridge API 1512 to the vPOS C++ API 1514 into the payment protocol layer 1516 which is responsible for converting into the appropriate format for transmission to the Gateway for additional processing and forwarding to existing host payment authorization systems.
  • Host legacy format refers to an existing authorization system for credit card approval currently utilized with the VeriFone Point of Sale (POS) gray terminals.
  • POS VeriFone Point of Sale
  • vPOS Terminal payment functionality is categorized as set forth below.
  • Host Financial Payment Functionality These transactions have a Payment Instrument (Credit Card, Debit Card, E-Cash, E-Check, etc.) associated with them. For example, the "Return” transaction, which is initiated upon returning a merchandise to the merchant.
  • Payment Instrument Credit Card, Debit Card, E-Cash, E-Check, etc.
  • Payment Instruments A preferred embodiment of a vPOS terminal supports various Payment Instruments. A consumer chooses a payment based on personal preferences. Some of the Payment Instruments supported include: • Credit Cards
  • the table below enumerates the URLs corresponding to the transactions supported by the vPOS Terminal Cartridge. Note that the GET method is allowed for all transactions; however, for transactions that either create or modify information on the merchant server, a GET request returns an HTML page from which the transaction is performed via a POST method.
  • txnDate Date of the transaction (mm/dd/yy or dd/mm/yy)
  • txnTime Time of the transaction (hh:mm:ss GMT or hh:mm:ss local time)
  • merchantld Merchant ID of the merchant using the vPOS terminal terminalld
  • txnAmount Transaction amount that is being authorized, forced posted, voided, etc. poNumber Purchase order number authldentNu Authorization ID number for the transaction m retRefNum Retrieval reference number for the given transaction pilnfo Payment instrument information. This varies for different payment instruments. For example, in the case of credit cards, the credit card number (piAcctNumber) and expiration date (piExpDate) are returned. Accumulate Review
  • URL Functionality This is a local information inquiry function that retrieves the local (merchant's) transaction totals (accumulators).
  • GET Results retrieves the transaction totals for the merchant. Currently, the total is returned as an HTML document. The transaction totals currently returned are: creditAmt Total Credit Amount since the last settlement logged in the vPOS terminal creditCnt Total Credit Count since the last settlement logged in the vPOS terminal debitAmt Total Debit Amount since the last settlement logged in the vPOS terminal debitCnt Total Debit Count since the last settlement logged m the vPOS terminal
  • Auth Capture URL Functionality This transaction is a combination of Auth Only (Authorization without capture) and Forced Post transactions. GET Arguments: None
  • POST Results Because the Auth Capture transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform the transaction.
  • POST Arguments piAcctNumber Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit card number piExpDate Expiration date txnAmt Transaction amount
  • POST Results On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields described above is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into a vPOS Terminal transaction log for both instances.
  • Auth Only URL Functionality Validates the cardholder's account number for a Sale that is performed at a later stage. The transaction does not confirm the sale to the host, and there is no host data capture. The vPOS captures this transaction record and later forwards it to confirm the sale in the Forced Post transaction request. GET Arguments: None.
  • POST Results Because the Auth Only transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform the transaction.
  • POST Arguments piAcctNumber Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit card number piExpDate Expiration date txnAmt Transaction amount
  • POST Results On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into vPOS Terminal transaction log for both instances.
  • /vPOSt/ci/authonly/ URL should be used for customer-initiated transactions.
  • /vPOSt/mi/authonly/ should be used for merchant-initiated transactions.
  • MrchtBlnceA Merchant balance amount for a given merchant.
  • the mt balance amount at any given time is the difference between the credit and debit amount since the last settlement between the merchant and the acquirer.
  • Batch Review URL Functionality retrieves all records from the transaction log or the batch.
  • GET Arguments None GET Results: The GET method retrieves the transactions that have been batched in the vPOS terminal for future reconciliation. The batch can be cleared from the vPOS terminal after a manual reconciliation between the acquirer and the vPOS. The batch data is retrieved as a set of records and is formatted as a table in the HTML document. The following fields are present in a typical record:
  • CDT Review URL Functionality Displays the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Card Definition Table (CDT). GET Arguments: None
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values.
  • the form can be modified and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/cdt/update/ URL to update the card definition table. Not all fields in the card definition table are editable. The following fields are returned in a form to the user: NHostlndex Index into the Host Definition Table or the Acquirer that maps to this card issuer.
  • CDT Update URL Functionality Updates the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Card Definition Table (CDT). GET Arguments: None
  • GET Results The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/cdt/update URL to update the card definition table.
  • POST Arguments (Editable CDT fields need to be decided.)
  • POST Results (Depends on editable CDT fields, and therefore needs to be decided.)
  • GET Results Presents a form that uses the POST method to clear the batch.
  • POST Arguments None.
  • POST Results Zeroes the transactions that comprise the batch in the vPOS terminal.
  • Forced Post URL Functionality Confirms to the host the completion of a sale, and requests for data capture of the transaction. This is used as a follow-up transaction after doing an Authorization (Online or Off-line) transaction.
  • GET Arguments None.
  • HDT Review URL Functionality Displays the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Host Definition Table (HDT). GET Arguments: None
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values.
  • the form can be modified and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/hdt/update URL to update the hosts definition table. Not all fields in the host definition table are editable.
  • the following fields are returned m a form to the user: szTermld Terminal ID for this vPOS terminal szMerchld Merchant ID for this vPOS terminal szCurrBatchNu Current batch number existing on the vPOS m szTransNum Reference number for the next transaction in the vPOS transaction log/batch. This is generated by vPOS and is not editable by the merchant.
  • szTPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit Required for building the
  • HDT Update URL Functionality Updates the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Host Definition Table (HDT).
  • GET Arguments None GET Results: The GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values. The form can be filled out and posted to the merchant server using the /vPOSt/mi/hdt/update URL to update the host definition table
  • Unlock vPOS URL Functionality Local function that starts the vPOS at the start of the day. GET Arguments: None.
  • GET Results Returns an HTML form that uses the POST method to perform this transaction.
  • POST Results Resets a Boolean flag on the merchant server that enables transactions to be accepted by the vPOS terminal.
  • Offline Auth URL Functionality This transaction is same as the "Authorization Only” transaction, except that the transaction is locally captured by the vPOS terminal without having to communicate with the host. A Forced Post operation is done as a follow-up operation of this transaction. GET Arguments: None.
  • GET Results Because the Offline Auth transaction modifies data on the merchant server side, the POST method should be used. Using the GET method returns an HTML form for using the POST method to perform the transaction.
  • POST Arguments piAcctNumber Payment Instrument account number, e.g., Visa credit card number piExpDate Expiration date txnAmt Transaction amount
  • POST Results On success, an HTML document that contains the transaction fields described in Section 4.1 is returned. On failure, an HTML document that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction is returned. The transaction is logged into vPOS terminal transaction log for both instances. Parameter Download
  • URL Functionality Downloads the vPOS configuration information from the host and sets up the vPOS in the event of the configuration data being changed.
  • GET Results retrieves an HTML form that uses the POST method for the parameter download transaction.
  • POST Results Downloads the following parameters from the host and uploads them into the vPOS terminal configuration table.
  • CDT card/ issuer definition table
  • HDT host/ acquirer definition table
  • URL Functionality Used in lodging and hotel establishments to pre-authorize a charge that is completed some time in future.
  • piAcctNumber Payment Instrument account number e.g., Visa credit card number piExpDate Expiration date
  • Pre Auth Comp URL Functionality Completes a pre-authorization transaction.
  • GET Arguments None GET Results: retrieves the HTML form for posting the pre-authorization completion transaction.
  • POST Arguments pvsTxnNum Previous transaction number from an auth only transaction
  • POST Results On success, pvsTxnNum is presented in the HTML document. On failure, an HTML document is returned that contains the reason for the failure of the transaction.
  • the reconcile function prints any discrepancies in the merchant's batch of transactions and totals vis-a-vis the host's batch of transactions in totals.
  • the output format is a combination of the output of the Batch Review and
  • URL Functionality Credits the return amount electronically to the consumer's account when previously purchased merchandise is returned.
  • the vPOS terminal captures the transaction record for this transaction.
  • URL Functionality Checks the presence of the host and also the integrity of the link from the vPOS to the host.
  • URL Functionality This local function locks or stops the vPOS terminal from accepting any transactions.
  • Host Logon URL Functionality Administrative transaction used to sign-on the vPOS with the host at the start of the day, and also to download encryption keys for debit transactions.
  • POST Results None.
  • POST Results Currently, debit card based transactions are not supported. The result is an HTML document indicating the success or failure of the host logon operation.
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values corresponding to the vPOS terminal's communication parameters.
  • the form can be filled out and posted to the merchant server using the /vPOSt/mi/cpt/update URL to update the communications parameter table.
  • the following fields are returned in a form to the user:
  • CPT Update URL Functionality Updates the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Communications Parameter Table (CPT).
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values.
  • the form can be modified and posted to update the communication parameter table.
  • URL Functionality Returns the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Terminal Configuration Table (TCT).
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values.
  • the form can be filled out and posted using the
  • TCT Update URL Functionality Updates the vPOS terminal configuration data corresponding to the Terminal Configuration Table (TCT).
  • the GET method returns a default HTML form that contains the current configuration values.
  • the form can be filled out and posted using the /vPOSt/mi/tct/ update URL to update the terminal configuration table.
  • SzAuthCaptPwd Password for initiating auth with capture transaction szAdjustPwd Password for adjust transaction szRefundPwd Password for refund transaction szForcedPostPwd Password for forced post transaction szOfflineAuthPwd Password for offline auth transaction szVoidPwd Password for void transaction szPreAuthPwd Password for pre-authorization transaction szPreAuthCompP Password for pre-authorization completion wd
  • POST Results On success, the POST modifies values of the terminal configuration table parameters. On failure, the HTML document contains the reason for the failure of the transaction. Query Transactions
  • URL Functionality Permits the merchant and customer to query a given transaction corresponding to a transaction number. GET Arguments. txnNum Transaction number
  • GET Results For a given transaction, the URL returns an HTML document. If a transaction refers to an older transaction, the transaction's entire history is made available.
  • URL results Depending upon the method (GET/ POST) as well as the success or failure of the HTTP request, different documents are returned to the user.
  • the vPOS terminal provides a framework whereby different documents are returned based upon a number of preferences. Currently the language and content-type are supported as preferences. A simple framework is proposed here.
  • Each of the transaction has a set of documents associated with it: form for the payment transaction, GET success, GET failure, POST success, and POST failure.
  • the vPOS terminal cartridge has a configuration file that allows the user to specify the content-type as well as the language to be used for a cartridge.
  • the first release of the vPOS terminal cartridge supports one content-type and language for each server.
  • vPOSTInitfJ, vPOSTExec() and vPOSTShut() are the entry points required for each cartridge in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the other functions implement some of the key vPOST cartridge functionality.
  • the vPOS provides an interface for transactions which are initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.
  • the merchant initiates a transaction from a Graphical User Interface (GUI) 1550 and all the transactions that are initiated by the consumer are routed by the Merchant WEB Server 1545.
  • GUI Graphical User Interface
  • the Authorization/ Data Capture Module 1560 processes the requests originated by the merchant or the consumer and routes them to the Protocol Module 1565.
  • the Protocol Module is responsible for building the payment protocol request packet (e.g., an SSL-encapsulated ISO 8583 packet) 1570 before sending the request to the Gateway 1579.
  • the Gateway 1579 awaits a response from the Protocol Module 1565, and upon receiving the response, the Gateway 1579 parses the data and provides unwrapped data to the Authorization/Data-Capture Module 1560.
  • the Authorization/ Data-Capture Module 1560 analyzes the response and updates the Transaction Log 1580.
  • the Transaction Log 1580 contains information concerning any successfully completed transactions and the accumulators or the transaction totals.
  • the vPOS terminal creates and maintains the Transaction Log 1580, and the vPOS Configuration Data 1585 contains information which is used to configure the behavior of the vPOS.
  • the entire vPOS functionality is thread-safe and hence using the vPOS in a multi-threaded environment does not require any additional interfacing requirements.
  • Figures 36-48 are vPOS screen displays in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the different Payment Functionality provided by the vPOS terminal can be divided into two main categories as "Merchant Initiated" and
  • An authorization without capture transaction is used to validate the card holder's account number for a sale that needs to be performed at a later stage. The transaction does not confirm a sale's completion to the host, and there is no host data capture in this event. The vPOS captures this transaction record and later forwards it to the host to confirm the sale in a forced post transaction request.
  • An authorization without capture transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.
  • a forced post transaction confirms to a host computer that a completion of a sale has been accomplished and requests data capture of the transaction.
  • the forced post transaction is used as a follow-up transaction after doing an authorization (Online or Off-line) transaction.
  • the transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.
  • the authorization with post transaction is a combination of authorization without capture and forced post transactions. This transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.
  • the offline post transaction is identical to the "authorization without capture" transaction, except that the transaction is locally captured by the vPOS without initiating communication with a host.
  • a forced post operation is done as a follow-up operation of this transaction.
  • This transaction can be initiated by both the consumer and the merchant.
  • the return transaction is used to credit the return amount electronically to the consumer's account when a purchased merchandise is returned.
  • the vPOS captures the return transaction record when the merchandise is returned, and this transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.
  • the void transaction cancels a previously completed draft capture transaction.
  • the vPOS GUI provides an interface for retrieving a transaction record required to be voided from the batch and passes it to the Authorization/ Data- Capture module after confirmation.
  • the batch record is updated to reflect the voided transaction after getting an approval from the gateway. This transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.
  • the pre-authorization transaction is identical to the authorization without capture transaction, but the consumers' "open-to-buy" amount is reduced by the pre- authorization amount.
  • An example of this type of transaction is the "check-in" transaction in a hotel environment. A check-in transaction sends a pre- authorization request to the host, so that an amount required for the customers' stay in the hotel is reserved. The pre-authorization transaction is followed by a pre- authorization complete transaction. This transaction can be initiated both by the consumer and the merchant.
  • the pre-authorization complete transaction is done as a follow-up to the pre- authorization transaction. This transaction informs the host of the actual transaction amount.
  • the pre-authorization complete transaction amount could be more or less than the pre-authorization amount.
  • An example is the "check-out" transaction in a hotel environment. The check-out amount can be less than or more than the check-in amount. This transaction can only be initiated by a merchant.
  • the adjust transaction is initiated to make a correction to the amount of a previously completed transaction.
  • the adjust transaction can be initiated only by the merchant.
  • the host administrative transactions do not require any payment instrument.
  • the balance inquiry transaction is used for on-line inquiry into the balance of the merchant's account.
  • the batch data or the configuration data is not affected by this transaction.
  • the reconciliation or close transaction is processed at the end of the day to start the settlement process for the transactions captured by the host for that particular vPOS.
  • the host log-on transaction is an administrative transaction which is used to synchronize the vPOS with the host at the start of the day and also initiate a fresh batch at the vPOS terminal.
  • the parameters download transaction is used to download the vPOS configuration information from the host and set-up the vPOS in the event of any change in the configuration data.
  • a test transaction is used to detect the presence of a host and the status of a link from the vPOS to the host.
  • Local transactions or functions are initiated by a merchant and do not require communication with the gateway. These transactions can only be initiated by a merchant.
  • the totals or accumulators review is a local information inquiry function and is used to retrieve the local (merchant's) totals.
  • the detail transaction or the batch review function is used to retrieve all the records from the transaction log or the batch.
  • the clear batch function is used to start a fresh batch. This transaction is utilized to electronically reconcile the vPOS with the host and to manually reconcile the vPOS with the host.
  • the merchant can initiate this transaction to start a fresh batch.
  • the clear accumulator function is similar to the clear batch functionality and resets all vPOS terminal accumulators to zero. This function is required when the merchant is not able to reconcile the vPOS with the host electronically.
  • the vPOS unlock or start transaction is a local function used to start the vPOS at the start of the day.
  • the vPOS lock or stop function is used to Lock or stop the vPOS from accepting any transactions.
  • the vPOS configuration setup function is used to setup the vPOS configuration data.
  • the vPOS configuration data is divided into different tables, for example, the Card/Issuer Definition Table (CDT), the Host/ Acquirer Definition Table (HDT), the Communications Parameters Table (CPT) and the Terminal Configuration Table (TCT).
  • CDT Card/Issuer Definition Table
  • HDT Host/ Acquirer Definition Table
  • CPT Communications Parameters Table
  • TCT Terminal Configuration Table
  • HDT Host Definition Table
  • the table contains information specific to the acquirer.
  • the following fields specify whether Data Capture is required for a particular transaction for this acquirer.
  • This table contains information which are specific to the card issuer.
  • the following fields specify whether a particular transaction is allowed for a card range.
  • This table contains communications parameters information specific to an acquirer.
  • the HDT and this table have a one-to-one mapping between them.
  • TCT Terminal Configuration Table
  • the vPOS terminal supports different Payment Instruments and each of the Payment Functions described above can be initiated by these different Payment Instruments.
  • the consumer making a purchase from a merchant provides a choice of payment methods depending upon their personal preference.
  • the Payment Instrument Class Hierarchy which is used by the different vPOS terminal Payment Functions is described below.
  • FIG. 17 shows a typical message flow between the consumer, merchant, vPOS terminal and the Gateway. This section describes the different classes listed in the previous section, their data and members, and defines the type of the transaction that is to be performed. Processing commences at 1700 when a merchant server receives a sales order and passes it via the vPOS Graphical User Interfece (GUI) 1710 to an authorizer 1720 for approval and subsequent protocol processing 1730 and ultimately transmission via the gateway 1740 to the network.
  • GUI Graphical User Interfece
  • CPCLD_CDT Transaction Date and Time Card Definition Table
  • This section contains all the host transaction class definitions.
  • a payment instrument e.g., a Credit Card
  • CVPCLFinancialTrans Data Transaction Amount (CVPCLAmt)
  • CVPCLAccumulators Member Functions : CVPCLFinancialTrans() ; EStatus GetTransAmt(CVPCLAmt ⁇ ); EStatus GetPurchOrderNum(char *); EStatus GetTransRefNum(char *); EStatus GetRetRefNum(char *);
  • CVPCLFinCCTrans Financial Credit Card Transaction Class
  • CVPCL_CCAuthOnly This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Authorization Only Transaction.
  • CVPCL_CCAuthOnly()
  • CVPCL_CCReturn Credit Card Return Transaction Class
  • CVPCL_CCReturn Data
  • CVPCL_CCPreAuth Credit Card Pre -Authorization Transaction Class
  • CVPCL_CCOfflineAuth This is the class derived from the CVPCLFinCCTrans class and implements the Offline Authorization Class Transaction.
  • Class Name CVPCL_CCOfflineAuth
  • CVPCL_CCAdjust Credit Card Adjust Transaction Class
  • CVPCL_CCVoid Data
  • CVPCL_CCForcedPost Data
  • CVPCL_CCForcedPost() EStatus InitializeTransfTvPOSParamsBlk *); EStatus ExecuteTransfTvPOSResultsBlk *); EStatus ShutDownTransfJ;
  • CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp Data
  • CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp() Member Functions : CVPCL_CCPreAuthComp() ;
  • CVPCL.CCBalancelnq Credit Card Balance Inquiry Class
  • CVPCLAdminHostTrans() int GetHostlndexfJ; EStatus SetHostlndex (const int);
  • CVPCLReconcile This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Reconcile or Close functionality. Class Name : CVPCLReconcile
  • CVPCLReconcile() EStatus InitializeTransfTvPOSParamsBlk *);
  • CVPCLHostLogon This is the class derived from the CVPCLAdminHostTrans class and implements the Host Log-on Transaction.
  • CVPCLLocalTrans This is the abstract base class for all the transactions that are performed locally to the vPOS.
  • CVPCLocalTransO int GetRecNum(); int GetHostlndexf) EStatus SetRecNum(const int); EStatus SetHostIndex(const int);
  • This class implements the vPOS Lock or the Stop Local functionality. Under the locked state the vPOS does not accept any transaction requests.
  • the class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class. Class Name :
  • CVPCLvPOSLock Data Member Functions : CVPCLvPOSLock();
  • Virtual POS UnLock/ Start Class (CVPCLvPOSUnlock) This class implements the vPOS UnLock or the Start Local functionality.
  • the class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.
  • the class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.
  • CVPCLTransDataAdmin Data Member Functions :
  • This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the clear batch functionality, which is used to clear the batch in the event of doing a manual reconciliation between the vPOS and the acquirer.
  • CVPCLClearBatch Data Member Functions :
  • CVPCLAccumReview This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the Accumulators Review functionality. Class Name : CVPCLAccumReview
  • CVPCLClearAccum This class is derived from the CVPCLTransDataAdmin base class and implements the Accumulators Clear functionality.
  • CVPCLClearAccum Data Member Functions :
  • vPOS Configuration Data Administration Class (CVPCLConfigDataAdmin) This is an abstract base class and is used to derive classes which implement the functionality for managing the vPOS configuration data.
  • the class is derived from the CVPCLLocalTrans base class.
  • This class is derived from the CVPCLConfigDataAdmin class and implements the Host Definition Table Review functionality.
  • CVPCL_HDTReview Data Member Functions :
  • CVPCL.CDTReview This class is derived from the CVPCLConfigDataAdmin class and implements the Card Definition Table Review functionality.
  • Class Name :
  • CVPCL_CDTReview Data Member Functions :
  • This class is derived from the CVPCLConfigDataAdmin class and implements the Communications Parameters Table Review functionality.
  • Terminal Configuration Table Review Class (CVPCL_TCTReview) This class is derived from the CVPCLConfigDataAdmin class and implements the Terminal Configuration Table Review functionality.
  • CVPCLJTCTReview Data Member Functions :
  • CVPCL_HDTUpdate This class is derived from the CVPCLConfigDataAdmin class and implements the Host Definition Table Update functionality.
  • Class Name :
  • CVPCL_HDTUpdate Data Member Functions :
  • CVPCL_CDTUpdate Card Definition Table Update Class
  • API Definition vPOSBool vPOSInitialize(void); Parameters :
  • API Definition vPOSBool vPOSExecutefTvPOSParamsBlk *, TvPOSResultsBlk *)
  • Parameters Pointer to the Parameters Structure (TvPOSParamsBlk)
  • FIG. 25 is a block diagram of the vPOS Terminal Architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the Internet 2500 provides the communication processing necessary to enable the vPOS Terninal architecture.
  • the terminal interface CGI 2520 communicates via the Internet to provide information to the vPOS OLE Server 2550 which formats information in accordance with the vPOS API DLL 2560 which uses the protocol class DLL 2570 to flesh out the message for delivery to the Gateway Server 2580.
  • the collection of the vPOS OLE Server 2550, vPOS API DLL 2560 and the Protocol Class DLL 2570 make up the vPOS Software Development ToolKit (SDK) which are used to enable vPOS applications for interfacing with an Operator 2540.
  • SDK Software Development ToolKit
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram of the extended SET architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing commences at function block 1800 for a consumer- originated transaction via the World Wide Web (WWW) or 1810 for a merchant- originated transaction on the Internet.
  • WWW World Wide Web
  • control passes immediately to the WWW server 1820 for the transaction to be appropriately formatted and the appropriate interface page presented, whether the transaction is a store front 1822, shopping cart 1824, pay page 1826, standard terminal administration 1828-1830 transaction, or an extended terminal transaction 1834.
  • control passes through the Virtual Point of Sale (vPOS) Application Programming Interface (API) library 1840 for SET compliant transactions and through the vPOS API extensions library for extensions to the SET protocol.
  • vPOS Virtual Point of Sale
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • Extended SET messages are processed at the Gateway site on a two track basis with the division criteria being SET compliance (which will change over time as more functionality is put into SET) or SET extensions.
  • Set compliant messages are processed via the protocol statck library 1862, while SET extensions are processed via the protocol stack entension library 1864.
  • the gateway engine processes SET and Host specific code including gateway administration extensions 1872 that bypass the normal processing and flow directly from the merchant and consumer server 1820 to the gateway administration extensions 1872 to the Gateway Engine 1870.
  • Standard SET messages are originated by the merchant software either via a pay page 1826 directly controlled by the consumer, or via an operator interface consisting of a set of HTML pages and associated executables launched by the pages (e.g. pay page 1826 and standard terminal administration 1828-1830.)
  • Each SET message type e.g., authorization v. capture
  • PDU Protocol Data Unit
  • the Extended SET messages are utilized as an "escape mechanism" to implement acquirer- specific messages such as settlement/ reconciliation, employee logon/logoff, and parameter download.
  • the messages are developed as a set of name-value pairs encapsulated in a PKCS-7 wrapper and wrapped in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), described in a book by N. Borenstein & N. Freed, "RFC 1521: MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies" (Sep. 1993).
  • MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
  • the name-value pairs can have arbitrary (8-bit) data, so arbitrary items can be passed through the extended SET channel, including executable programs and Dynamic Load Libraries (DLL)s.
  • DLL Dynamic Load Libraries
  • Figure 18B illustrates a multipart MIME message with one Extended SET message and one Standard SET authorizing message.
  • Mime is utilized as an outer wrapper 1890 to allow an Extended SET message 1891 to be transmitted as a compon of messages embedded in one MIME multipart message.
  • a standard SET message can be sent with an Extended SET message in one vPOS/ GATEWAY communication transaction.
  • Embedding the Extended SET messages in a PKCS-7 wrapper enables the same message authentication to occur as in standard SET messages.
  • the same mechanism may be used to restrict which entities the vPOS or Gateway will trust in any communications.
  • Extended SET An important concept in Extended SET is that all messages, of any type, are sent in a uniform name/value pair format, thus allowing a single Protocol Data Unit to suffice for any type of message sent through the Extended SET channel. Since arbitrary data may be sent this way, a mechanism must be provided to preclude the use of the Extended SET channel by parties other than approved financial institutions. If this is not ensured, then the NSA and the US Department of Commerce will not approve the software for export. SET itself to some degree ensures that this Extended SET channel is used only by financial institutions.
  • the protocol stack extension library only processes messages that have been signed by a financial institution SET certificate that is in turn signed by a payment instrument brand certificate (such as Visa or MasterCard).
  • Stronger control over the Extended SET channel can be achieved by further restricting processing of messages to those signed (either instead of or in addtion to the financial institution SET certificate) by a second certificate belonging to a third-party agency, either governmental or private (e.g., VeriFone, as manufacturer of the software).
  • a third-party agency either governmental or private (e.g., VeriFone, as manufacturer of the software).
  • a particular set of Extended SET messages can be implemented by Bank X, and a different set of messages by Bank Y.
  • a vPOS has an extended terminal transaction interface as shown in Figure 18A at block 1834 for Bank X, and has been configured to only accept messages from a Gateway with Bank X's certificate, then it will be able to communicate those messages to a Gateway that has the certificate for Bank X, and accepts messages of the types in Bank X's message set.
  • the vPOS will not be able to connect to the Bank Y gateway, or to any other system that purports to communicate via Extended SET. This restriction is further secured by utilizing a public key certificate that is "hard wired" into vPOS, and which is distributed only to gateways that use the Extended SET mechanism.
  • FIG. 18C is an example flowchart of message processing in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing commences at function block 1880 when a message is received by an HTTPS server or other listener and passed to decision block 1883 to determine if the sending vPOS has transmitted an authentic message and if the vPOS is authorized to communicate with this gateway. If the message is not authentic, then the message is logged as an error and the error is handled as shown in function block 1889. If the message is authentic, then the message is decrypted at function block 1884 and the PDU parses the message into name / value pairs. Then, based on the message type and the extended SET version information, the remaining message is parsed at function block 1885 and the message is checked for conformance to the appropriate specification as shown at decision block 1887.
  • a gateway receives an incoming message from a vPOS and parses the Extended SET portion of the message, a single MIME message can transmit a SET message and/or an Extended Set Message.
  • An export license for the encryption can be obtained on a case-by-case basis, and since there will be potentially millions of vPOS's, it is desireable to obtain a commodities jurisdiction for the vPOS, to enable a single version of the vPOS (rather than one version for each bank) to be supported by the vPOS architecture.
  • the architecture described here ensures that the single version of vPOS, no matter how it is configured with extended terminal transaction interfaces, cannot be used to communicate any data other than that contained in the extended SET messages that have been approved for export by the US government to be used exclusively for a specific bank.
  • Figure 18D is an example of a simple message between vPOS and Gateway using the Extended SET channel enabling an employee to sign on, or "logon" to a given terminal in accordance with the subject invention.
  • the message must contain the employee's logon ID, a password to be verified by the bank host computer, and the date and time as shown at 1894. While the contents of the message are shown without encryption in Figure 18D, it should be noted that the information (including the logon password) are SET encrypted inside the PKCS-7 wrapper 1894. Certain fields may be designated as mandatory for an Extended SET message, to allow the Gateway or vPOS to decide how to handle the message. For the sake of clarity, in this message 1894, only two fields, “messagetype” and "ESETversion", are mandatory.
  • Figure 18E is an example of a simple message between vPOS and Gateway using the Extended SET channel enabling an employee to sign on, or "logon" to a given terminal in accordance with the subject invention.
  • the Gateway may respond with a "logon accepted" message 1894, as depicted in Figure 18E, which vPOS, upon receipt and authentication, then uses to unlock the terminal for that user.
  • Figure 49 shows how the vPOS authenticates an incoming response to a request in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Processing commences at function block 4930 when a message is received by the HTTPS, SET server, or other listener that originated the request to which this reponse corresponds.
  • the message is passed to decision block 4940 to determine if the sending Gateway has transmitted an authentic message and if the gateway is authorized to communicate with this vPOS. If the message is not authentic, then the message is logged as an error or possible attack and the error is handled as shown in function block 4970. If the message is authentic, then the message is decrypted at function block 4950 and the PDU parses the message into name/value pairs.
  • the remaining message is parsed at function block 4960 and the message is checked for conformance to the appropriate specification as shown at decision block 4980. If the message does not conform, then it is logged and the error handled at function block 4970. If the message conforms to the proper specification in decision block 4980 then the message is translated into a standardized argument string to be passed to the appropriate executable or code entry point in the vPOS, as shown in function block 4990.
  • the message may cause vPOS to execute a program that takes action or queries the user to take action.
  • the message is verified for origination from the acquirer, and is utilized to either initialize a merchant action, such as to update the merchant's administration page (for example by blinking a message saying, "PLEASE RE-INITIALIZE YOUR TERMINAL"), or by initiating a request/ response message pair originating from the merchant (for example, "HERE ARE THE CONTENTS OF MY MIB").
  • a merchant action such as to update the merchant's administration page (for example by blinking a message saying, "PLEASE RE-INITIALIZE YOUR TERMINAL")
  • initiating a request/ response message pair originating from the merchant for example, "HERE ARE THE CONTENTS OF MY MIB”
  • This is achieved by calling one of the extended terminal transaction interfaces ( Figure 18A at 1834), which in turn initiates a SET or Extended SET transaction.
  • Gateway customization in extended SET is extremely powerful and a novel concept for vPOS processing.
  • Each vPOS contains one or more "serial numbers" unique to each copy of the software (a serial number may be embedded in the software, or may be a component of a public key certificate used in the software).
  • serial numbers may be embedded in the software, or may be a component of a public key certificate used in the software.
  • a bank distributes vPOS via different sales channels. The first is direct from a bank to an existing merchant with whom the bank already has an existing relationship. In this case, a version of vPOS already customized for a bank is sent to the merchant, either directly by a bank, or through a third-party distributor or service bureau.
  • the customizations may involve modification or replacement of, for example, a store front 1822, shopping cart 1824, pay page 1826, standard terminal administration transaction interface 1828-1830 or an extended terminal transaction interface 1834.
  • This is a standard model of distribution of software that is customized for small target market segments.
  • the more interesting case, and the one that concerns the novel use of the Extended SET channel, is where the potential merchant acquires, through some non-bank channel, a "generic" vPOS which has not yet been customized to interact with a specific bank.
  • This vPOS can communicate with a "test gateway", which the merchant may use to experiment with the various features of vPOS and to test the integration of the vPOS into a total online storefront.
  • the merchant In order to actually transact business over the Internet, the merchant must first obtain a merchant ID from the merchant bank with which he signs an acquiring agreement. For online payment processing, the merchant must also obtain an appropriate set of digital credentials in the form of public key certificates and possibly additional passwords, depending on the financial institution. Once these credentials are obtained, the merchant is ready to customize the already-obtained vPOS to communicate with a merchant bank's gateway.
  • the built-in "serial number” certificate and the Test Gateway public key certificate (which is "hard-wired" into the vPOS sofware), it is possible to securely download a particular bank's customization applications to a specific copy of the vPOS software .
  • the last stage of customization download is to configure the vPOS so that it only responds to a public key certificate of the merchant's acquirer.
  • This process is illustrated here in the context of a merchant who obtains a vPOS that talks to the VeriFone test gateway, and desires to customize the vPOS to interact with a gateway at a bank.
  • the merchant has purchased a vPOS from a non-bank channel.
  • the version communicates with the VeriFone Test Gateway.
  • the merchant uses the gateway to learn about using vPOS, and to test the integration of his storefront system with his payment system.
  • the merchant also obtains certificates for payment processing from a bank, the merchant bank of choise for the merchant.
  • the merchant is now ready to customize vPOS to talk to the bank gateway.
  • the flowchart for the merchant interaction with the Test Gateway is shown in Figure 50.
  • the merchant begins at function block 5000, where the newly-obtained merchant SET certificates are installed in the vPOS.
  • the merchant then directs the vPOS to connect to the VeriFone Test Gateway, by selecting this option from the vPOS terminal administration home page 5005.
  • the choice of this option invokes an extended terminal admin page from the default set of such pages supplied with the generic version of vPOS.
  • This program guides the customization process.
  • the merchant interacting with the extended terminal admin page, navigates to the list of gateways which is maintained by the Test Gateway, and selects the bank to connect by selecting from the list of banks, at function block 5015.
  • the merchant's public key certificates are uploaded to the Test Gateway, and checked (at decision block 5025) to verify that the certificates have been signed by the bank to customize the bank for the vPOS. If the certificates do not match, the merchant is advised of the situation in function block 5028, and must select a different bank. If the certificates are not valid SET certificates as detected at decision block 5020, the merchant is advised at function block 5028, and the session terminates. If the certificates are valid and match the selected bank, customization continues at function block 5030.
  • the extended terminal administration program in vPOS receives a list of the customizations from the Test Gateway that must be performed to specialize the vPOS for a specific bank. Some of these customizations are mandatory, while others are optional.
  • the vPOS advises the merchant of the customizations, prompting for any choices that must be made by the merchant.
  • the merchant's actions at this point drive decision block 5035, in which the vPOS either returns itself to the "generic" state and terminates the interaction, or begins the configuration of the vPOS, depending on the merchant's confirmation of the request to begin the configuration.
  • control is passed to function block 5040 where, the POS storesthe certificates of any gateways that it will allow future configuration changes to be initiated from in its database. This may be only a specific bank, such as a bank and the Test Gateway, or other combinations.
  • the vPOS is no longer customizable for any other bank. Then, a new copy would be purchased by the merchant to have it customized for another bank. If the Test Gateway is still allowed to customize the vPOS, the merchant could switch to another merchant bank and have the current vPOS updated to work with the new bank.
  • the customizations are downloaded to the vPOS.
  • the downloads comprise a set of HTML pages and a set of executable programs or scripts that read data from the merchant, perform various functions, and present data to the merchant.
  • the customizations downloaded may augment or replace in part or in whole any and all of function blocks 1822, 1824, 1826, 1828, 1830, or 1834 in Figure 18A.
  • the terminal "home page" will be replaced so that it points to the new functionality.At this point, the customization of the vPOS has been completed, and the merchant may now begin sending payment requests to the merchant bank or processor through the vPOS.
  • Physical terminals process a single transaction at a time since clerks are usually only able to process one transaction at a time.
  • Web Servers can process many transactions at a time, so payment requests can often occur simultaneously.
  • the vPOS Software must have support for multi-tasking and provide support for multiple threads to be active at the same time in the same system as well as the same process. This requirement is relatively straight forward.
  • the authorizing banks require that all transaction requests include a Terminal ID (TID), and, for many banks, no single TID may be active in any two transaction requests that overlap in time.
  • TID Terminal ID
  • the vPOS requires dynamic allocation of TIDs to requesting threads.
  • TID's One way of providing for multiple TID's is to assign a "base" TID, and either an "extension” (a set of extra digits appended to the base), or an increment (a number which is added to the base to obtain the complete TID). While such a solution can be used for the majority of banks and processors, not all banks/ processors can accomodate this solution.
  • One example is First Data Corporation. For its ENVOY protocol, the terminal ID must use the Luhn check as recited in an ISO ransrk, which adds a checksum digit to the the terminal ID to reduce chances of fraud or of mistyped information. Thus, to be general enough to handle all bank/processor situations, a pool of TID's is used.
  • TID's stored in the pool need not be a sequential set of numbers; in fact they can be alpha/ special/ numeric combinations, and the TID's need have no relation to one another.
  • a TID is represented as a token in a pool that can be associated with a particular transaction.
  • the vPOS provides a TID pool in tabular form in a database management system (DBMS). This table has two colums: TID NAME & Allocation date/ time. If the TID date is null, then the TID is not in use and may be assigned. A date/time field is utilized to allow TID allocations to expire. TID requests are made utilizing a SQL query on the TID Pool to find the first null or expired date/time, which is replaced with the current date /time and the TID name returned.
  • DBMS database management system
  • the unique archtitecture of the Cardholder 120, Merchant 130 and Gateway 140 provides communication capability between the modules utilizing the Internet to support linkages 150 and 170. Since the Internet is so pervasive, and access is available from virtually any computer, utilizing the Internet as the communication backbone for connecting the cardholder, merchant and access to the authorizing bank through a gateway allows the merchant vPOS software to be remotely located from the merchant's premises. For example, the cardholder could pay for goods from any computer system attached to the Internet at any location in the world. Similarly, the merchant vPOS system could be located at a central host site where merchant vPOS systems for various merchants all resided on a single host with their separate access points to the Internet.
  • vPOS Multi-Merchant Processing Multiple merchant processing refers to the ability of a plurality of merchants to process their individual vPOS transactions securely on a single computer.
  • the architecture relies on each payment page obtaining the merchant name in a hidden field on the payment page.
  • the vPOS engine receives the merchant name with a particular transaction and synchronizes the processing utilizing a Set Merchant method.
  • This command causes the vPOS API to look up a unique registry tree based on the merchant name.
  • This process causes the vPOS engine to engage the appropriate configuration to process the transaction at hand utilizing a Registry Tree.
  • a registry tree contains Card Definition Tables (CDT)s, Acquirer Definition Tables (ADT)s, Merchant Definition Tables (MDT)s, Protocol Configuration Tables (PCT)s, etc.
  • CDTs point to specific ADTs since each supported card can be supplied by a distinct acquirer. This is one form of split connection.
  • Each of the ADTs in turn point to PCTs, and some acquirers can support multiple parallel gateways.
  • a merchant's name refers to a unique database in the database management system which contains for example, TIDs.
  • the Acquirer Definition Table is queried to ascertain the particular Gateway (VFITest), then if Bank of America requires verification of network communication information, the particular CardDT is accessed with for example VISA.
  • the particular merchant will service VISA transactions utilizing a particular acquirer.
  • the particular piece of merchandise will also be detailed in a data base.
  • the merchant Configurations wil 1 also be stored in the database to facilitate E-mail and name lookup.
  • the interaction between the vPOS and a client commences when a pay page solicits parameters of a transaction. Then, the parameters are validated to be sure the payment instrument, for example, cardnumber is not null. Then, a transaction object is created, eg. AUTHONLY, and the object is initialized and stuffed with parameters of the transaction, eg. ao.setpan(accnum), and the object is executed. This execution invokes the vPOS engine. The vPOS engine further validates the parameters based on the particular merchant's configuration. For example, some merchans do not accept American Express Cards, but will take Visa, and all merchants check the expiration date of the card.
  • a TID is assigned (expiring, existing TIDs) or block a new TID from the TID Pool.
  • This generates a STAN, XID, RRPID unique tag and creates an initial record in the transaction database which is flagged as before gateway processing in case the transaction crashes and must be backed out.
  • the protocol parameters are identified in the registry based on card type, and a particular acquirer identified.
  • a protocol object is created and executed to extract results from the protocol object and the before gateway "bit" is flipped to again flag the location of the transaction in the process as it is submitted to the Gateway.
  • the results received back from the Gateway are placed into a transaction object with is reported back to the pay page and ultimately back to the pay page user.
  • a novel feature of the vPOS software provides payment page customization based on a merchant's preferences. This feature automatically lists cards that are accepted by a particular merchant based on the active terminal configuration. Each approved card for a particular merchant is linked to the display via an URL that provides a pointer to the credit card information supported by the merchant. Each card has an entry in a data structure referred to as the Card Definition Table (CDT).
  • CDT Card Definition Table
  • a preferred embodiment of the vPOS merchant pay customization software in accordance with a preferred embodiment is provided in Figure 19 which illustrates the logic utilizing a flowchart, and a listing of the source code below. Processing commences at terminal 1900 and immediately flows to function block 1910 where an index variable is initialized for stepping through each of the accepted payment instruments for the merchant's page.
  • a URL key is obtained associated with the current merchant pay page and index value.
  • the URL key is a registry key name that points to a picture of a credit card that the merchant has associated with the pay page and which the merchant accepts as payment.
  • the card image associated with the URL key is obtained and displayed on the terminal.
  • the CDT entry is obtained at function block 1950 utilizing the URL key.
  • the CDT is utilized for storing information associated with each card.
  • a test is performed to determine if the last payment method card has been processed and displayed on the merchant display. If not, then the index is incremented at function block 1920 and the loop reiterated to process the next card at function block 1930. If all the cards have been processed, then control is returned to the merchant program for processing the transaction at terminal 1970.
  • Figures 20A through 20H are block diagrams and flowcharts setting forth the detailed logic of thread processing in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 20A illustrates a prior art approach to POS processing utilized in most grocery stores and department stores today.
  • POS Terminal 2001 accepts transactions provided to it one at a time by customers 2000.
  • POS Terminal 2001 builds a transaction request 2002 and transmit it to acquiring bank 2004 over communications link 2003.
  • Figure 20B is a data structure 2002 representing a POS transaction request in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the data structure 2002 includes a TID field 2005, which identifies the physical terminal from which the transaction originates.
  • the data structure also includes other data 2006 necessary to process a transaction. This data includes such fields as a transaction type, a transaction amount, a currency type (such as U.S. dollars), credit card account number, credit card expiration date, etc.
  • FIG 20C illustrates a vPOS architecture with account requests being processed by a single acquiring bank.
  • vPOS 2007 processes a plurality of customers 2000 concurrently. For each such customer 2000, vPOS 2007 builds a data structure 2010, representing the transaction to be performed for that customer. Each data structure 2010 contains a unique "virtual terminal" ID.
  • vPOS 2007 selects a virtual terminal ID using database 2008. For each data structure 2010, vPOS 2007 initiates communication with acquiring bank 2004 using communication link 2003.
  • FIG. 20D is a data structure 2010 representing a vPOS transaction request in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the data structure 2010 includes a TID field 2012, which identifies a virtual terminal ID associated with a particular transaction.
  • the data structure also includes other data 2006 necessary to process a transaction. This data includes such fields as a transaction type, a transaction amount, a currency type (such as U.S. dollars), credit card account number, credit card expiration date, etc.
  • FIG. 20E illustrates a TID allocation database 2008 in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Database 2008 includes a TID allocation table 2011.
  • TID allocation table 2011 includes a plurality of rows, one for each TID used by each acquiring bank.
  • One such row 2013 is illustrated in detail.
  • Row 2013 includes a good/ service order (GSO) identifier 2014, which identifies the order being transmitted; a TID field 2015, which identifies a terminal ID that may be used with a particular acquiring bank; and an acquiring bank field 2016, which identifies the acquiring bank for which the TID is valid.
  • row 2013 may optionally include other fields 2017 that may be used in conjunction with the order processing.
  • a null GSO value indicates that the TID/Acquirer combination is not currently in use.
  • FIGS 20F through 20H are flowcharts of the detailed logic used to perform virtual terminal ID allocation.
  • Figure 20F illustrates the main line operation of virtual TID allocation.
  • execution begins.
  • step 2021 a skeletal transaction request structure is prepared.
  • step 2022 the main line routine obtains a virtual TID for inclusion within the transaction request structure, as will be more fully disclosed with reference to Figure 20G, below.
  • step 2023 the routine verifies that a TID was obtained. If the TID was not obtained, for example, if more transactions are currently being processed than there are TIDs, then execution continues to step 2024.
  • the transaction request is put on a queue for future processing.
  • step 2025 the routine waits for a transaction process to end, which would free up a TID in use. At that point, control resumes from step 2022, and the routine again attempts to obtain a TID.
  • step 2026 the routine submits the transaction to the acquiring bank.
  • step 2027 the transaction is processed.
  • step 2028 the routine makes a database call to free up the TID that was used in the transaction.
  • step 2029 transaction processing ends.
  • FIG. 20G depicts in detail the process of obtaining a TID from the database.
  • Execution begins in step 2040.
  • the routine constructs a database call to reserve a TID for processing, for example, by constructing an SQL statement to retrieve a TID row from the database.
  • the routine executes the database call that was constructed in step 2041.
  • the routine constructs a second database call to extract the TID from the row that was reserved in step 2042.
  • the database call constructed in step 2043 is executed to obtain the TID.
  • a return code is checked to verify whether the TID was successfully obtained. If the TID was successfully obtained, control proceeds to step 2046, which returns to the calling program.
  • step 2047 the routine checks to see whether an excessive number of retries have already been attempted. If there have been an excessive number of retries, control proceeds to step 2048, which exits with an error indication. If there has not been an excessive number of retries, control proceeds once again to step 2043 to retry the extraction operation.
  • Figure 20H depicts the operation of releasing a TID that had been used in a prior transaction. Execution begins in step 2060.
  • step 2062 the routine constructs a database call to update the row for the selected TID so that the value for the good and service order is null, thereby indicating that the selected TID is not associated with any good or service order, and is therefore free for reuse.
  • step 2064 the routine executes the SQL statements constructed in step 2062, thereby releasing the TID for use in future transactions.
  • step 2069 the routine returns to the calling program.
  • the vPOS is initially shipped enabled to connect to a default gateway with a single instance of a gateway defined that accesses a predefined site for testing of an installation before bringing it online in a production mode.
  • the test installation contacts and converses with an actual gateway that simulates live transactions.
  • test gateway downloads the pre-checked customizations to the installation so that it can switch over to the production acquirer. This download processing is enabled in extensions to SET.
  • issue cards for conducting business utilize four major entities. These entities are the issuer, consumer, merchant and the acquirer.
  • the issuing bank that provides the consumer with a credit card are usually not the same bank as the acquiring bank that serves the merchant.
  • the merchant swipes the card through the POS terminal which makes a connection to the merchant's acquirer via the telephone network and transmits an authorization request with data read from the magnetic stripe.
  • the acquirer's host processor depending on the card number, will either perform local processing or switch the request to the correct issuing bank's host processor through the interchange network. In a few seconds, the authorization response is returned to the originating POS indicating either an approval or a rejection.
  • the Internet is a viable infrastructure for electronic commerce.
  • Ubiquitous browser software for the World Wide Web provides around-the-clock access to a large base of information content provided by Web servers.
  • consumers using browsers can shop at virtual stores and malls presented as Web pages managed by the merchants' servers. Consumers can make purchases and pay for them using credit cards or other digital payment instruments in a secure manner.
  • a "gateway" is necessary at the back end to channel transactions to legacy processors and interchange networks.
  • Figure 21 is a detailed diagram of a multithreaded gateway engine in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • TCP Transaction 2100 is received by a HTTPS Server 2102 and parsed to an appropriate Web Adaptor 2104 which posts an encrypted set transaction to the multithreaded gateway engine 2110.
  • the encrypted SET request is received at a decryptor 2120, decrypted into a standard SET transaction and authenticated for converting by the forward converter 2124. Inside the forward converter 2124, decides if the request is an original request, and honest retry attempt or a replay attack.
  • the converted transaction is passed to the socket multiplexor 2130 to communicate via an existing communication link 2140 to a host computer.
  • a security logger 2150 is also utilized for passing security records back via a database server 2160 to a database administration application 2190.
  • a transaction logger 2155 also utilizes the database server 2160 to capture transaction logs in a database 2180.
  • Other system administration tasks 2195 include a web server administration task 2190 which logs web hits in a log 2170.
  • FIG. 22 is a flow diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Processing flows from customers 2200 that are paying for products over the Internet or other communication medium utilizing HTTPS or other protocols to one or more merchants 2210, 2220 or 2230 to a gateway 2240 which directs transactions to a particular host processor 2250 for authorization processing in accordance with the present invention.
  • a gateway 2240 which directs transactions to a particular host processor 2250 for authorization processing in accordance with the present invention.
  • the Gateway is a secure computer system that mediates transactions between the merchants' servers and a payment processor.
  • the Gateway supports secure communications between merchants using the Internet on one side, and a processor using standard secure financial networks on the other side. Between the two interfaces, the Gateway maintains a detailed log of all transactions, whether in- progress, completed, or failed.
  • the Gateway accepts transactions from merchants and converts them into legacy compatible formats before forwarding them to the host processor. Responses from the host, after the reverse conversions, will be returned to the originating merchants.
  • the Gateway performs many functions, including: • Receives encrypted credit card transactions from the merchants via the Internet
  • Figure 23 illustrates a Gateway's 2330 role in a network in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the Gateway 2330 strictly conforms to all SET stipulations regarding certificate management, PKCS signed data encapsulation, PKCS encrypted data encapsulation, ASN. l representation, DER encoding, MIME encapsulation, and message sequencing.
  • a merchant server 2300 communicates via the Internet 2310 using the SET protocol 2320 through a gateway server 2330 using a network interface processor 2340 to communicate to a legacy network 2360 in, for example the X.25 protocol 2350.
  • the legacy host 2370 ultimately receives and processes the transaction from the merchant server 2300 without modification to its code.
  • the TCP/IP protocol suite is utilized at the transport level.
  • all requests arrive at the Gateway in MIME encapsulated HTTP format.
  • all responses from the Gateway to the merchant servers will be transferred in HTTP.
  • the HTTP protocol stipulates that a request-response pair will go through the same TCP connection and that the originator, in this case a merchant server, will establish a connection to send the request and will take down the connection when it has received the response.
  • a virtual, private network between the Gateway and the host processor is established to expedite host communication.
  • two Network Interface Processors (NIP)s - a "near end" NIP that interfaces to the Gateway and a "far end” NIP that interfaces to the host.
  • the NIPs will handle virtual connections between themselves.
  • the far-end NIP will take care of specific communication details.
  • the near-end NIP is an IP-addressable device that converts between TCP messages and packets. It is installed on a public network 2330, which is a LAN outside the corporate firewall.
  • the Gateway on the secure public network 2330, utilizes TCP/IP 2320 to communicate with the near-end NIP.
  • the Gateway must sustain reliable operations and enable graceful evolution, it is designed with some important attributes, including: Security, Availability, Performance, Scalability, and Manageability. Security Channel Security
  • SET provides signed and encrypted data encapsulations of payment information portions of the transaction messages.
  • Transport-level encryption of the entire message packet is required for additional security.
  • the HTTPS protocol - i.e., HTTP over SSL 3.0 - is utilized between the merchants and the Gateway.
  • the virtual connections between the near-end NIP and the host are part of a private network. The termination will occur outside the firewall. Data between the Gateway and the host is sent in the clear with no encryption.
  • a transaction between a merchant's vPOS and the host will cross the firewall four times: SET request from vPOS to Gateway, legacy request from Gateway to NIP, LEGACY response from NIP back to Gateway, and SET response from Gateway back to vPOS. Certificate Management Payment Protocol Certificates
  • the Gateway uses certificates to authenticate the two parties involved in each MOSET transaction. Through a Certificate Authority, one certificate is issued for the Gateway and one certificate for each of the merchant servers. Secure Channel Certificates
  • SSL will require separate certificates for the Gateway and the merchants.
  • Availability Site redundancy and location redundancy allows the Gateway to sustain service through virtually instantaneous recovery from internal failures or external disasters that cause physical damages to the system. Minimum-outage recovery is possible with redundant configurations of important components.
  • Site Redundancy The Gateway supports connections to a proprietary bank network and supports mirrored disk arrays. Location Redundancy
  • the Gateway architecture supports location redundancy where a secondary remote system is connected to the primary system via dedicated WAN links for software- driven database duplication.
  • the Gateway software architecture, the choice of third-party software components, and the selection of hardware platforms enable the system to gracefully adapt and evolve to take on new demands in different dimensions.
  • the Gateway resides on an HP 9000 that is housed in a standard 19" EIA rack. Gateway Hardware Configuration
  • HP-PB Slot Expansion Option provides 4 additional HP-PB slots for peripheral controllers
  • FDDI interface cards each card uses 2 HP-PB slots.
  • FIG. 24 is a block diagram of the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • HP-UX 10.10 conforms to major standards, including:
  • Level 1 API support • AT&T System V Interface Definition (SVID3 base and kernel extensions subset) Level 1 API support • UC Berkeley Software Distribution 4.3 (BSD 4.3) including such features as job control, fast file system, symbolic links, long file names, and the C shell
  • RDBMS Relational Database Management System
  • the Gateway uses Oracle7 Server version 7.3 as the RDMBS and will be upgraded to use future significant system releases.
  • the multi-threaded, multi-server architecture of Oracle7 provides applications with scalability to high-volume transaction workloads. When deployed with the HP 9000 K-Class platform, Oracle7 performs a symmetrically parallel database operation across all available processors.
  • Oracle7 includes options for creating high-availability systems: •
  • the Oracle7 Parallel Server option extends the reliability of applications by transparently harnessing the power of clustered computers in a single logical processing complex that can tolerate individual machine failures.
  • Oracle7 Symmetric Replication provides high data availability. Data can be replicated from the primary system to one or more alternative sites. HTTP Server
  • the Gateway utilizes Netscape's Enterprise Server 2.0 as the HTTP server.
  • the server is designed for large-scale Internet commerce deployment, Enterprise Server 2.0 achieves performance and reliability with such features as optimized caching, SMP support, enhanced memory management, and SNMP-based performance monitoring. Efficient process management features minimize system load and increase server reliability. Security features are provided using the SSL 3.0 protocol.
  • Protocol Stacks Internet and LAN -
  • the TCP/IP protocol stack will be provided as part of the HP-UX operating system.
  • Other Application-Level Protocols
  • Application-level protocols enable client-server interoperability.
  • Each of the following protocols are transported using TCP or UDP.
  • HTML will be used to define screens for Gateway system administration.
  • HTTP The HTTP layer is part of Enterprise Server 2.0.
  • the server is administered with a Web browser.
  • SQL*Net The Gateway's Oracle7 database can be accessed by administration clients using SQL*Net.
  • Administration software can establish database connectivity to retrieve data for generating transaction reports.
  • Enterprise Server 2.0 can be monitored using SNMP.
  • the Gateway utilizes SNMP for remote system management.
  • Gateway statistics about transaction requests can be determined at any time for a particular time interval by generating a report.
  • the Gateway is upgradeable to interoperate with a real-time event monito ⁇ ng system such as OpenVision's Performance Manager.
  • a replay attack at the Gateway is a request where either: a) the request is stale; the request was received "too late'-with respect to the reqdate in the request. This window is specified by a configurable Gateway policy. b) the request is not stale but the exact rrpid (Request/ Response Pair Id) has already been seen before in a request and still logged in the Gateway database.
  • the ⁇ xid, mid, rr ⁇ id> tuple will be the primary key that determine whether a request had already been received. This will allow the possibility of the same rrpid to be generated from the same merchant but for a xid and also allow the same rrpid to be generated by a totally different merchant.
  • the merchant establishes the xid during the shopping phase with the consumer.
  • the same xid is used for both the AuthReq and the CapReq and subsequent CreditReq requests.
  • Using the same xid for many requests makes it impossible for the Gateway to distinguish between repeated transactions vs. new transactions.
  • a Gateway possibly determine whether two valid CredReq requests were to be interpreted as two individual credits or a retry of a single request.
  • request 1 ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpidi, reqdatei, reqdatai> (perhaps a CredReq iov $10.00)
  • request 2 ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpida, reqd ⁇ tea, reqd ⁇ t ⁇ > (perhaps a new CredReq for $ 10.00)
  • request 1 ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpidi, reqdatei, reqdata ⁇ > (perhaps a CredReq io ⁇ $10.00)
  • request 2 ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpida, reqd ⁇ tea, reqd ⁇ t ⁇ > (perhaps a retry of above)
  • the reqd ⁇ tes are different in both cases because the date is generated along with the rrpid to thwart replay attacks.
  • the Gateway will not be able to determine whether the second CreditReq should be performed or whether it is simply a retry to request 1 with rrpidi.
  • the Gateway must know whether or not to apply a new credit or to deliver a response that it mav already have from the host (it may have came too late for the first attempt or have been lost on the way to vPOS). If no response was logged from the host for request 1 , the Gateway could repeat its original request to the host when receiving request 2. In a sense, the Gateway will act as an intelligent request/ response cache.
  • the Gateway splits the rrpid number space into two parts. One main part that will remain the same for the same request across all its retry attempts and a smaller portion to indicate the number of retry attempts Then,
  • rrpidRetryCount rrpid MOD MAXRETRIES (0 for initial request, >0 for a retry)
  • the Gateway will support the following logic [assuming the second request is fresh and not a replay attack): If two requests, request 1 : ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpidi, reqdatei, reqdata ⁇ > request 2 : ⁇ xid ⁇ , midm, tidt, rrpida. reqdatea, reqdata ⁇ > are received at ti and t2 (where t2>t ⁇ ) and,
  • the proposed rrpid scheme can be used to determine how many vPOS requests got lost in the Internet. This is a useful value-added service for system management. Robustness and Error Handling Issues
  • vPOS sends a request to the Gateway
  • the Gateway logs the SET key fields from the incoming attempt in the database.
  • the Gateway then generates a host request which it logs completely in the database.
  • the host handles the request and generates a response that is directed towards the Gateway which, when received is logged completely in the Gateway database.
  • the Gateway generates an SET response to vPOS, the contents of which is not logged in the database.
  • vPOS does not receive a reply to a request it has sent to the Gateway it must retry persistently until a response is received. All retry attempts from vPOS for the same request must have the same base portion of the rrpid but a different value in the retry counter.
  • the Gateway must handle replay attacks as outlined previously in this document. If the Gateway receives a request that it has already received from vPOS there could be several possible dispositions: a) the request had already been handled completely with the host and a host response is in the Gateway database. In this case the Gateway can simply translate the host response to a SET response and send it to vPOS. b) the request had been sent to the host before (as determined by a database field) but a response from the host is not on file. In this case the Gateway must retry the host request. If the vPOS times-out for any reason, it must retry later using an rrpid that indicates a retry attempt.
  • the Gateway receives a late-response (after vPOS has given up) it simply logs it in the database for that retry attempt (if no retry attempt for the transaction is still outstanding at the host). There is a glare situation where the original response could arrive so late that it could be confused with the response from a currently outstanding retry attempt with the host. This situation is logged and the first response not sent back to vPOS.
  • a response from the host indicating a successful transaction may get lost on the way back to the Gateway or not be able to be logged in persistent storage in the Gateway.
  • vPOS is in a situation where the retry request when received by the host may result in a response from the host indicating that the request is a duplicate.
  • the vPOS software must be able to handle this.
  • the LEGACY case when a duplicate post is received by the host the second one automatically causes the first one to void and the second transaction fails too. In this case vPOS should retry the transaction under a new rrpid. If the transaction goes through end-to-end all effects of the previous transactions will not matter.
  • the Gateway requires information captured at the time of an AuthReq that must be repeated to the host at the time of the associated CapReq.
  • the mechanism of choice built into SET) for this is enabled utilizing this data in the TokenOpaque token of the CapToken which is sent in an AuthRes.
  • This CapToken is stored at the Merchant system and represented to the Gateway at the time of the CapReq.
  • the format of an TokenOpaque is an OctetString.
  • the detailed information that is available for the Address Verification Service depends on the Payment Window that captures the data from the consumer.
  • a vPOS terminal as the initiator of the payment transaction, is responsible for the round-trip logical closure of the transaction. vPOS will retry a transaction that has been initiated with the Gateway but where the response for the request was never received from the Gateway.
  • a vPOS terminal selects — out of a pre-assigned range ⁇ aTerminal-Id that is to be used by the Gateway in a request to the host processor. This data element must be transported from the vPOS to the Gateway along with the payment-related information.
  • the Terminal-Ids must be unique among the concurrent vPOS instances on a vPOS server system.
  • Terminal-Ids have no history. For example, a subsequent Force Post transaction need not use the same Terminal-Id as the original Authorization transaction.
  • the vPOS will be responsible for making sure that only one request is outstanding for the same ⁇ Merchant-id, Terminal-id> data elements from a vPOS server system.
  • the Gateway does not know that a response was successfully received by vPOS. This means that the vPOS must be responsible for initiating any retry attempts.
  • the Gateway never initiates a retry attempt with the host processor without an explicit retry request from vPOS.
  • the Gateway when asked to retry a request with the host, performs a relational database look-up and delivers a response that has already been received from the host processor but was previously missed by vPOS.
  • This behavior of the Gateway is also known as the "transaction response cache.”
  • the Gateway will need to know that a vPOS request is a retry of something already sent. The prior request may or may not have been received. A solution for determining the difference between a retry attempt and a new request was described earlier in this document. vPOS must understand the "canonical" error codes that it will receive via the Gateway and be able to initiate the proper recovery action and/ or generate the appropriate user-interface dialog.
  • a preferred embodiment utilizes technology to link a cardholder to a specific bankcard account number and reduce the incidence of fraud and thereby the overall cost of payment processing.
  • Processing includes a mechanism that allows cardholder confirmation that a merchant has a relationship with a financial institution allowing it to accept bankcard payments.
  • Cardholders must also be provided with a way to identify merchants they can securely conduct electronic commerce.
  • Merchant authentication is ensured by the use of digital signatures and merchant certificates.
  • a holder of a payment instrument surfs the web (Internet) for required items. This is typically accomplished by using a browser to view on-line catalog information on the merchant's World Wide Web page.
  • order numbers can be selected from paper catalogs or a CD-ROM and entered manually into the system.
  • This method allows a cardholder to select the items to be purchased either automatically or manually. Then, the cardholder is presented with an order form containing the list of items, their prices, and totals. The totals could include shipping, handling and taxes for example.
  • the order form is delivered electronically from the merchant's server or created on the cardholder's computer by electronic shopping software.
  • An alternative embodiment supports a negotiation for goods by presenting frequent shopper identification and information about a competitor's prices. Once the price of goods sold and the means of payment has been selected, the merchant submits a completed order and the means for payment. The order and payment instructions are digitally signed by cardholders who possess certificates. The merchant then requests payment authorization from the cardholder's financial institution. Then, the merchant sends confirmation of the order, and eventually ships the goods or performs the requested services from the order. The merchant also requests payment from the cardholder's financial institution.
  • FIG. 1C is a block diagram of a payment processing system in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the Certificate Issuance at the Bank Web Site 162 resides at the bank web site 182. It is utilized for issuing SET complaint / X.500 certificates to consumers. The implementation of this system may vary from one bank to another. However, the system gathers consumer's personal information, and after processing the information, the system issues a certificate along with a payment instrument to the consumer.
  • the Single Account Wallet 160 at the bank web site 182 represents the MIME message that is created by the Certificate Issuance system. This MIME message contains a VeriFone wallet. The VeriFone wallet contains a single payment instrument and the certificate associated with it. For security reasons, the private key is not included in the wallet.
  • this MIME message is sent to the browser.
  • the browser launches the Certificate Installation application 174, 144 which is defined as a helper application in the browser.
  • the Certificate Installation application 174, 144 reads the MIME message and install the wallet into the wallet database 158.
  • helper applications 198, 172, 174, 176 are provided to make the consumer's shopping experience easy and efficient including the following helper applications.
  • the Paywindow helper application 188 is utilized by the consumer to authorize the payment to the merchant, to administer their wallets, to review their previously completed payment transactions and to perform housekeeping activities on the wallets. This application is defined as a helper' application on the consumer's desktop. The browser launches this application when the merchant system sends a MIME message requesting payment.
  • the PayWindow Setup Helper application 172 is used by the consumer to install helper applications and other modules from the web site onto the consumer desktop. When a consumer attempts to install an application for a first time, the consumer does not have a helper application on the desktop.
  • the Certificate Installation Helper Application 174 is utilized to install a wallet that is issued by a bank.
  • the browser launches this application.
  • This application queries a consumer to determine if the payment instrument contained in the wallet is to be copied to an existing wallet or to be kept in the new wallet.
  • This application then installs the payment instrument and the certificate into the wallet database 158.
  • the Certificate Issuance CGI scripts 162 and the Single Account Wallet 160 at the Bank Web Site 182 is processed as described in the native system.
  • the Certificate Installation Applet of the Bank Web Site 182 is utilized by the Certificate Issuance CGI scripts 162 system to deliver a consumer's certificate to the consumer's desktop.
  • FIG. 26 is an architecture block diagram in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the subject invention. Processing commences at function block 2600 where the Graphical User Interface (GUI) part of the application is initialized.
  • GUI Graphical User Interface
  • the GUI application 2600 provides the consumer with support for ordering and making payments during the shopping process.
  • GUI components provided for wallet creation; importing, certificate and payment method creation and maintenance; and for transaction register review and reporting.
  • the screen designs, and their associated logic, for the helper applications and applets are individually discussed in detail below.
  • the Certificate Manager 2604 manages the automatic downloading of a consumer's certificate from a bank, validation of a consumer's and a merchant's certificates and automatic requisition of certificate renewal.
  • the Payment Manager 2606 coordinates and completes the payment request that is received from the merchant system.
  • the payment request is received via a MIME message in the native code implementation or via an applet in the Java implementation.
  • the payment request received contains the final GSO, Ship-To name, merchant certificate, merchant URL, coupons and the payment amount.
  • the manager 2606 then communicates with the payment related GUI component to interact with the consumer to authorize and complete the payment transaction.
  • the manager is also responsible for determining the payment protocol based on the consumer's payment instrument and the merchant's preferred payment protocol.
  • the manager 2606 includes a well defined Application Programming Interface (API) which enables OEMs to interface with the payment manager 2606 to make payments to specific HTTP sites.
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • the detailed logic associated with the payment manager 2606 is presented in Figure 27.
  • the payment manager 2606 enforces standard operations in the payment process.
  • the payment manager architecture in accordance with a preferred embodiment is presented in Figure 27.
  • a user interfaces with the payment manager 2730 via a user interface 2700 that responds to and sends a variety of transactions 2710, 2708, 2706, 2704 and 2702.
  • the transactions include obtaining the next record, payment record, receipt, acceptance of the payment instrument and GSO components.
  • the payment manager 2730 sends transactions 2714 and receipts 2720 to the wallet manager 2722 and receives payment instruments, certificates and private keys from the wallet manager 2722.
  • the payment manager 2730 also sends and receives transactions to the protocol manager 2770 including a merchant's payment message 2760, a consumer certificate and PK handle 2750, a merchant URL 2742, a payment 2740, a signed receipt 2734 and a GSO, Selected Payment Protocol and Selected Payment
  • the payment manager 2730 also accepts input from the payment applet or MIME message from the merchant as shown at function block 2780.
  • One aspect of the payment processing is a Consumer Payments Class Library (CPCL) 2770 which encapsulates the payment protocols into a single API. By encapsulating the payment protocols, applications are insulated from protocol variations.
  • CPCL Consumer Payments Class Library
  • a SET Protocol provides an implementation of the client- side component of the Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) Protocol.
  • SET Secure Electronic Transaction
  • a complete implementation of the client-side component of the Cyber Cash micro-payment protocol is also provided.
  • the Wallet Manager 2722 provides a standard interface to the wallet. It defines the wallet database structures and the payment instrument data structures, controls the access to the wallet and provides concurrency checking if more than one application attempts to open the same wallet.
  • the interface to the wallet manager 2722 is published to allow OEMs to interface with the wallet manager and access the wallet database.
  • the wallet manager consists of the following sub-components:
  • This component provides an interface to read and write wallet information.
  • This component provides an interface to read and write transaction corresponding to a wallet into the wallet database.
  • Payment Instrument Manager This component manager provides a common interface to the specific payment instrument access components. Credit Card Access, Debit Card Access, Check Access. These components deal with a specific payment instrument.
  • a Data Manager provides storage and retrieval of generic data items and database records. It is assumed that data fields, index fields or entire data records can be marked as encrypted and the encryption process is largely automated. The data manager has no specific knowledge of database records appropriate to different payment methods. This layer is separated out so as to reduce changes required when new payment methods are introduced. However RSA key pairs and certificates might be considered as "simple" data types. This component also provides an abstraction which supports wallet files on computer disk or contained in smart cards.
  • the Open Data Base Connectivity (ODBC)/Java Data Base Connectivity (JDBC) component provides Data Base Connectivity where formal database components are required.
  • ODBC Open Data Base Connectivity
  • JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity
  • An embodiment of the Smart Card Wallet allows wallet data to be stored and/or secured by a cryptographic token.
  • a preferred embodiment includes a single file or directory of files comprising a "wallet" which contains personal information and information about multiple payment methods with the preferred implementation. These payment methods ( Visa cards, debit cards, smart cards, micro-payments etc. ) also contain information such as account numbers, certificates, key pairs, expiration dates etc.
  • the wallet is envisaged to also contain all the receipts and transaction records pertaining to every payment made using the wallet.
  • a Cryptographic API component provides a standard interface for RSA and related cryptographic software or hardware. This support includes encryption, signature, and key generation. Choice of key exchange algorithm, symmetric encryption algorithm, and signature algorithm should all be configurable.
  • a base class stipulates generic behavior, derived classes handle various semantic options (e.g. software based cryptography versus hardware based cryptography.)
  • the Cryptographic Software portion provides RSA and DES support. This may be provided utilizing the SUN, RSA or Microsoft system components depending on the implementation selected for a particular customer.
  • Cryptographic Hardware creates a lower level API which can underpin the Cryptography API and be utilized to replace Cryptography Software with an off the shelf cryptography engine.
  • the message sequence charts describe the flow of messages/ data between the consumer, the browser and/or the various major components of the Semeru system.
  • the major components of the system are the Merchant system which includes the vPOS, the
  • FIG. 28 is a Consumer Payment Message Sequence Diagram: in -accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The diagram presents the flow of messages between the consumer, the browser, the merchant system, the PayWindow application, and CPCL. This message flow describes the payment process from the time an order is completed and the consumer elects to pay, to the time the payment is approved and the receipt is returned to the consumer.
  • CPCL Consumer Payments Class Library
  • the difference between the Native implementation and Java implementation of the PayWindow application is in the delivery of the order information to the PayWindow.
  • the order information is delivered via a MIME message. This MIME message is sent to the PayWindow by the browser via a document file.
  • the order information is delivered to the PayWindow by an applet. The merchant system sends an applet with the order information to the browser which in turn delivers the order to the PayWindow.
  • the PayWindow interacts with the consumer and the Protocol modules for the completion of the payment process. Enters Order and Clicks Calculate Order 2820
  • Order 2830 This message represents the order information which is sent by the browser to the merchant via an HTML form.
  • Payment Applet with GSO, PPPs. AIs. merchant certificate and URL 2840 On receipt of the order, the merchant system calculates the payment amount. This message represents the HTML page which is sent by the merchant system detailing the payment amount along with the Java payment applet which contains the GSO, PPPs, AIs, merchant certificate and URL. Run Payment Applet 2845
  • the Java enabled browser runs the Payment applet.
  • the applet displays a button called "Pay” for the consumer to click. This is embedded in the HTML page delivered by the merchant. Clicks Pay 2850
  • This message represents the clicking of the Pay button on the browser by the consumer after confirming the payment amount.
  • This message represents the GSO, PPPs, AIs, merchant certificate and the merchant
  • This message represents the merchant's certificate which is sent to the CPCL module for checking the validity of the merchant.
  • the CPCL modules examines the merchant's certificate and send this message to the PayWindow indicating whether or not the merchant is a valid merchant.
  • This message represents the wallets and payment instruments that is displayed to the consumer. Not all payment instruments from a wallet is shown to the consumer.
  • This message represents the payment instrument selected by the consumer. This message is created in the current design when the user double clicks on the payment image in the "Select Payment Method" Window.
  • GSO 2870 This indicates that the GSO is displayed to the consumer in the "Make Payment
  • This message represents the authorization of the payment by the consumer.
  • the consumer authorizes the payment by clicking the 'Accept' button on the "Payment Authorization" screen.
  • the payment protocol is decided by
  • PayWindow based on the merchant's Payment Protocol Preferences and the consumer selected payment instrument.
  • These messages represent the merchant's URL, the GSO, payment protocol (PP) to use, account number, certificate and the private key handle (PK) associated with the payment instrument which is sent to the protocol module.
  • PP payment protocol
  • PK private key handle
  • GSO with Payment Authorization 2876 This message represents the payment instructions which is sent by the protocol module to the Merchant system.
  • the GSO, PI, consumer certificate and PK is packaged based on the payment protocol. Signed Receipt 2878
  • This message represents the digitally signed transaction receipt received by the protocol module from the merchant. Save Receipt with hash value 2880 The digitally signed transaction receipt is saved by the PayWindow for future reference.
  • a payment instrument must be certified by a "certificate issuing authority" before it can be used on a computer network.
  • the issuer may be one of the card issuing banks, but it might also be a merchant (eg SEARS), a transaction aquiring bank or an association such as VISA or Mastercard.
  • Payment instrument information is stored in the consumer's wallet.
  • the certificate which authorizes the payment instrument will be stored along with that data in a secured database. The process of acquiring a certificate is described below.
  • a certificate can be delivered to a consumer in a preconfigured wallet. The consumer receives a wallet which contains the certificate together with the necessary details associated with a payment instrument including a payment instrument bitmap which is authorized by a certificate issuing authority or the agencies represented by the issuing authority.
  • FIG. 29 is an illustration of a certificate issuance form in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • a user may fill out the form on-line, on paper and mail it in, or get his bank or credit card company to deliver it.
  • the consumer delivered data will usually contain a public key belonging to a security key pair generated by consumer software.
  • This information will normally be mailed to the consumer's address and actuated by a telephone call from the consumer.
  • the certificate authority takes this information and uses it to validate that he is indeed entitled to use the payment method. This processing normally takes a few days to accomplish.
  • Information will normally be exchanged with the organization issuing the payment method in the physical space if there is one, and with credit agencies.
  • the certificate information is loaded into the consumer's software to enable payment processing to proceed online.
  • the consumer will be able to select details about a payment instument holder (wallet) he desires to own. This may be the icon representing a holder, the access password or other information.
  • the issuing authority can use information received in the certificate application to create a custom payment instrument holder ready to use.
  • This payment instrument holder will contain the following information.
  • Payment instrument information including card number 2900 and expiration date 2902.
  • Personal information including name 2904, address 2906, social security number 2908 and date of birth 2910.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a certificate issuance response in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • An approved bitmap for a VISA card is shown at 3000.
  • a default payment holder 3010 and a default payment holder name are provided with the certificate issuance. After the consumer aquires the payment instrument holder 3010, the payment instrument holder is immediately visible to him in his collection of payment instrument holders.
  • Figure 31 illustrates a collection of payment instrument holders in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the predefined payment instrument holder 3100 is the same JOHN'S WALLET that was predefined based on defaults by the certificate issuance form.
  • Figure 32 illustrates the default payment instrument bitmap 3200 associated with the predefined payment instrument holder 3210 resulting from the consumer filling in and obtaining approval for a VISA card.
  • Figure 33 illustrates a selected payment instrument with a fill in the blanks for the cardholder in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • the certificate issuing authorty's approved instrument bitmap can be used to select the payment instrument and utilize it to make purchases.
  • Figure 34 illustrates a coffee purchase utilizing the newly defined VISA card in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 35 is a flowchart of conditional authorization of payment in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • Processing commences at 3500 where the program initializes the connection betweeen the cardholder and the merchant for the purposes of shopping. After the cardholder completes shopping, a new SSL connection is established which provides authenticating information to the merchant. At this point the merchant is able to execute payment functionality (based on SSL or SET) conditionally, based upon the quality and character of the digital signature and the certificate used to validate said signature. Then, at function block 3510, the cardholder selects the payment instrument for the particular transaction. Payment instruments could include VISA, MASTERCARD, AMERICAN EXPRESS, CHECK, SMARTCARD or DEBIT CARDS.
  • the payment method is then submitted to the merchant at function block 3520.
  • the merchant then initializes the SET connection to the acquiring bank at function block 3530 if the connection is not already established.
  • the certificate is submitted to the merchant from the acquiring bank.
  • the certificate includes a public key portion and a private key used as an irrebutable digital signature to authenticate the parties to the transaction.
  • the certificate also includes information on the level of credit risk which allows a merchant to conditionally decide on the authorization or rejection of credit under a particular payment instrument based on their risk level and the merchant's personal comfort level with the ability of the cardholder to pay. This processing has not previously been possible because the information returned from the authorizing bank did not include a level of credit risk a cardholder posed, it only contained credit rejected or approved.
  • a detailed description of the gateway internals is presented below in accordance with a preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 51 depicts a flow diagram for the GatewayClearSetRequestHandler routine. Execution begins in Step 5105. In Step 5110 an SET analysis routine is called to analyze the SET request, as will be more fully disclosed below. Step 5110 sets a status flag indicating the next stage to be performed by the Gateway. In Step 5120 the Gateway checks to see whether the status is set to indicate that a response should be provided to the user. If so, execution proceeds to Step 5190, which ends the request handling routine and returns control to a calling routine, which then provides a response to the user. Otherwise execution proceeds to Step 5130. In Step 5130, the Gateway checks to see if the status is set to indicate that forward translation is required.
  • Step 5135 the outgoing message is forwarded translated, as more fully disclosed below with respect to Figure 53. If no forward translation is indicated, for example, if an already- translated transaction is being retried, execution proceeds to Step 5140.
  • Step 5140 the Gateway checks to see if the next step is communication to the host. If so, the Gateway proceeds to Step 5145, and initiates host communication as will be more fully discussed below with respect to Figure 54. If not, execution proceeds to Step 5150.
  • Step 5150 the Gateway checks to see whether reverse translation is indicated. Reverse translation translates a response from a host into a format useable by the calling routine.
  • Step 5155 execution proceeds to Step 5155, and the reverse translation is performed, as will be more fully discussed below with respect to Figure 55.
  • control returns to Step 5120 for further processing.
  • the forward translation, host communication, and reverse translation routines manipulate status indicators to prevent the occurrence of an infinite loop.
  • Step 5110 As illustrated in Figure 51. Execution begins in Step 5200.
  • Step 5205 the various fields in the SET record are obtained, as will be more fully disclosed below with respect to Figures 56A and 56B.
  • Step 5210 the Gateway checks the retry count. A retry count is zero indicates that the request being analyzed is a new request, and control proceeds to Step 5212, indicating a new request. If the retry account is non-zero, this means that the request is a retry of a prior request, and control proceeds to Step 5214 where a retry is indicated.
  • Step 5215 the Gateway checks to see whether the request represents a "stale request," as will be more fully described below with respect to Figure 57.
  • Step 5220 the Gateway tests the result of the stale check from Step 5215. If the request is stale it is marked as stale in Step 5222. Otherwise the record is marked as not stale in Step 5224.
  • Step 5230 a message representing the SET request is inserted into the database for tracking purposes, and control proceeds to Step 5240.
  • Step 5240 the Gateway checks to see if the request had been marked stale in
  • Step 5222 If so, it proceeds to Step 5242, exiting with an error condition.
  • the Gateway attempts to retrieve from the database a message corresponding to the current SET request, as will be fully disclosed below with respect to Figure 59.
  • Step 5260 checks to see whether the message was successfully retrieved from the database. If the message was not found in the database, this indicates that the SET request represents a new message, and control proceeds to Step 5270.
  • Step 5270 a new message representing the SET request is added to the database, as is more fully disclosed below with respect to Figure 60. Because this is a new request, it must be processed from the beginning, including forward translation. Therefore, after the new message is added in Step 5270, control proceeds to Step 5275.
  • Step 5275 where a status flag is set indicating that the next step to be performed for this message is for translation. If the message was found in Step 5260, this indicates that the request represents a request that is already in progress. Therefore, control proceeds to Step 5280 to update the database with current information representing the request status. The update process is described in further detail with respect to Figure 61, below. Following Step 5280, control proceeds to Step 5282. In Step 5282 the Gateway checks to see the disposition in which the SET request was left as a result of partial processing. This is done, for example, by interrogating fields in the database record that indicate the steps that have already been performed for this request.
  • Step 5283 based upon this status information, the Gateway indicates the next stage of processing to be performed: either forward translation, reverse translation, or communication with the host.
  • Step 5290 exits the AnalyzeSetRequest routine, returning control to Step 5110 in Figure 51.
  • Step 53 depicts the execution of the TranslateForward routine, which is called by Step 5135 in Figure 51.
  • Execution begins at Step 5310.
  • Step 5320 the Gateway forward-translates the request to prepare it for transmission to the host. Forward translation consists of packaging the fields in the request into a format that is understandable by the legacy system at the financial institution. The exact format of the translated request will vary from institution to institution. However, in general, the format will consist of a fixed length record with predetermined fields, using a standard character set such as ASCII or EBCDIC.
  • Step 5330 the Gateway checks to see whether the translation was successfully performed. If not control proceeds to Step 5340, which returns an error condition. If the translation was successful, control proceeds to Step 5350.
  • Step 5350 the Gateway sets a status flag to indicate that the next stage to be performed for this SET request is to proceed to host communication. This will be used in the next iteration of the Gw_ClearSetRequestHandler routine as depicted in Figure 51.
  • the translate forward routine returns control in Step 5360.
  • the TranslateForward routine as depicted in Figure 51 may be implemented using the following C++ code: gwAction CGW_Engine::TranslateForward(CPCLCCRequest *pVehicle)
  • m_hostRequestDisposition GW_HREQDI_FWD_XLAT_FAILED; BuildSetErrorResponse(pVehicle, ISO_RESP_FORMAT_ERR) ;
  • Step 54 depicts the step of host communication, as shown in Step 5145 in Figure 51. Execution begins in Step 5400.
  • the Gateway obtains from the request object the string representing the request text.
  • the Gateway determines the current time, in order to record the time at which the request is made.
  • the Gateway sends the request to the host and waits for a response from the host.
  • execution continues in Step 5425.
  • the Gateway again checks the current time, thereby determining the time at which a response was received.
  • the Gateway checks to see whether the communication was successfully performed. If a communication was not successful, the Gateway records that an error occurred in Step 5432.
  • Step 5435 indicates that the request was successfully sent and responded to.
  • Step 5437 the Gateway sets the response string based upon the response received in Step 5420.
  • Step 5439 the Gateway sets a status to indicate that reverse translation of the received response is required. Regardless of whether the communication was successful or unsuccessful, execution continues to Step 5450.
  • Step 5450 the database is updated with status information from the host communication.
  • Step 5490 control is returned to the calling routine.
  • TransIateReverse Figure 55 depicts the operation of the TransIateReverse routine, as executed in Step 5155 in Figure 51. Execution begins at Step 5500.
  • the Gateway reverse-translates the response received from the legacy system host. Reverse translation consists of extracting data from the data records received from the legacy system, and placing them in objects so that they are useable by the Gateway.
  • the Gateway checks to verify that translation was successful. If translation was successful control proceeds to Step 5530, where a status flag is set indicating a successful translation. If translation was not successful, control proceeds to Step 5540, in which the Status Flag is set to indicate an unsuccessful translation. Regardless of whether translation was successful or unsuccessful, execution proceeds to Step 5550.
  • Step 5550 a status flag is set to indicate that the next stage for the request is to provide a response from the Gateway. This step is always executed, because, regardless of whether the translation or any other aspect of the transaction was successful, a response indicating either success or failure must be returned by the Gateway. Control then proceeds to Step 5590, in which the TransIateReverse routine returns control to the calling routine in Figure 51. It will be seen that the TranslateForward routine in Figure 53, the DoHostCommunication routine depicted in Figure 54, and the TransIateReverse routine depicted in Figure 55, each alter the status of the request. As a result as the loop depicted in Figure 51 executes a particular request will proceed through all three stages and finally to exit in Step 5190.
  • Step 5600 the Gateway interrogates the request object to determine the request type.
  • Step 5620 the Gateway determines whether the request type is for authorization only. If the request type is not for authorization only, execution proceeds to Step 5625.
  • Step 5625 the Gateway checks to see whether the request type is for a sale. If the request type is neither for authorization only nor for a sale, execution proceeds to Step 5630.
  • Step 5360 the Gateway indicates that the request type is not a supported request, and proceeds to Step 5635, where it returns to the caller.
  • Step 5640 the Gateway initializes a container object to represent the request.
  • the Gateway extracts the [transaction identifier?) (XID) for the transaction.
  • the Gateway extracts the merchant identifier (MID) for the transaction.
  • the Gateway extracts the [what is the RRPID?) (RRPID) and the terminal identifier (TID) for the request.
  • the Gateway extracts the retry count associated with the current request.
  • a message data area is initialized with the extracted contents. The message area can then be used for further processing by the called routine.
  • the GetSetKeyFields routine returns control to the caller.
  • Step 57 depicts the Gwdb_IsSetMsgStale routine. This routine is called by Step 5215 as illustrated in Figure 52A. Execution begins in Step 5700.
  • Step 5710 the Gateway checks to see whether this is the first time the Gwdb_IsSetMsgStale has been called for this request. If this is the first time, Steps 5715 through 5730 are performed; otherwise those steps are skipped.
  • Step 5715 a field representing the message life is initialized to a predetermined duration. The message life is a field that will be used to determine how long the message representing the transaction will remain valid. The use of the message life field prevents a transaction that is effectively lost due to extensive processing delays from being processed.
  • Step 5720 the Gateway checks to see if the value of the message life is equal to zero. If the message life is equal to zero, a default value, i.e., 300 seconds or 5 minutes, is assigned to the message life in Step 5725. In Step 5730, an indicator for this request is set to indicate that first time processing has already been performed for this request. This flag is the same flag interrogated in Step 5710, and is used to prevent successive reinitialization of the message life field.
  • Step 5740 the Gateway checks to see whether the merchant's time stamp, plus the value of the message life, is less than the time of the request. If so, then the request is considered stale, and is marked stale in Step 5750. If not, the request is not stale, and is marked not stale in Step 5755. Following either of Step 5750 or 5755, the - GwdbJsSetMsgStale exits in Step 5790.
  • Gwdb InsertSetMsg Figure 58 depicts the GwdbJnsertSetMsg routine. This routine is called from Step 5230 as illustrated in Figure 52A. Execution begins in 5800. In Step 5810, the routine invokes a database insert function by, for example, executing an SQL INSERT command. In Step 5820, the database return code is obtained in order to be used as a return code from the Gwbd_InsertSetMsg routine. In Step 5830, a database commit function is performed, thereby instructing the database engine to commit the database changes to a permanent recording, i.e., by writing the information to the file, and/or by journalizing the change made by INSERT function. In Step 5890, the routine returns control to the calling program.
  • a database insert function by, for example, executing an SQL INSERT command.
  • the database return code is obtained in order to be used as a return code from the Gwbd_InsertSetMsg routine.
  • FIG 59 depicts the Gwbd_GetHostMsg routine. This routine is called by Step 5245 as shown in Figure 52B. Execution begins in Step 5900. In Step 5910, the routine invokes a database select function by, for example, executing an SQL SELECT command. In Step 5920, the database return code is obtained in order to be used as a return code from the Gwbd_InsertSetMsg routine. In Step 5930, the Gateway checks to see whether the database retrieve operation was successfully performed. If so, execution proceeds to Step 5935. In Step 5935, the Gateway sets a number of status variables from the values retrieved from the database records.
  • Step 5940 a commit operation is performed. [What is the point of a commit operation following a retrieval, as opposed to an insert or an update?]
  • Step 5900 control returns to the calling program.
  • Figure 60 depicts the GwdbJnsertHostMsg routine. This routine is called by Step 5270 as illustrated in Figure 52B. Execution begins in Step 6000. In Step 6010, the routine invokes a database insert function by, for example, executing an SQL INSERT command. In Step 6020, the database return code is obtained in order to be used as a return code from the GwbdJnsertSetMsg routine, in Step 6040, a commit operation is performed. In Step 6090, the routine returns control to the calling program. Gwdb UpdateSetMsgResponselnfo
  • Figure 61 depicts a flow diagram for the Gwdb_UpdateSetMsgResponseInfo routine. Execution begins at Step 6100. In Step 6110, the routine invokes a database update function by, for example, executing an SQL UPDATE command. In Step 6120, the database return code is obtained in order to be used as a return code from the Gwbd_UpdateSetMsgResponseInfo routine. In Step 6190, the routine returns control to the calling program.
  • Figure 62 is the main administration display for the Gateway in accordance with a preferred embodiment. A set of menu selections are presented at 6200 which will be described in more detail for each display.
  • Figure 63 is a configuration panel in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The configuration panel provides access to management information for configuring a gateway management information database.
  • the Merchant Identifier (Mid) 6310 is a thirty character, alphanumeric field that uniquely defines a merchant.
  • the Merchant Name 6320 is a fifty character, alphanumeric field, the Edit 6330 and Delete field 6340 are hyperlinks to detailed panels for modifying information in the management information database.
  • Figure 64 is a host communication display for facilitating communication between the gateway and the acquirer payment host.
  • the IP Address Field 6410 contains the Internet Protocol address for communicating via TCP/IP to the Internet.
  • the TCP logical port field 6430 uniquely identifies the port for accessing the Internet, and the SAVE field 6430 invokes storing of the host communication information in the database.
  • Figure 65 is a Services display in accordance with a preferred embodiment. This display initiates portions of the Gateway such as the host mulitplixer 2130 of Figure 21.
  • Figure 66 is a graphical representation of the gateway transaction database in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Each of the fields represents a portion of the internet database schema in accordance with a preferred embodiment.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une architecture permettant à un serveur de communiquer de manière bidirectionnelle avec une passerelle par une première liaison de communications, sur laquelle les demandes de services sont émises par le serveur. En réponse à une transaction reçue d'un système préexistant au niveau de la passerelle, ladite passerelle analyse une ou plusieurs valeurs de réponse à une transaction, provenant du message central, les mappe en fonction d'un code de réponse canonique, et mémorise ce dernier dans un journal des transactions. Selon un aspect général du mode préféré de l'invention, des réseaux de communications utilisant des transactions entre des applications doivent gérer efficacement les transactions circulant sur le réseau. De plus, les systèmes de gestion de réseau doivent également détecter les fausses transactions, notamment lorsque des systèmes de gestion de réseau sont utilisés pour les transactions financières. Une base de données en ligne et active est utilisée comme journal des transactions pour le suivi des demandes originales, les reprises valides et la détection des transactions frauduleuses. Le journal de transactions sert d'antémémoire où la réponse de l'ordinateur reçue est renvoyée à une transaction de reprise valide si la réponse originale ne parvient pas à un serveur à la suite d'un problème de communications.
EP97933141A 1996-06-17 1997-06-17 Systeme, procede et article pour la gestion de transactions dans un systeme a grande disponibilite Withdrawn EP0935785A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US671822 1984-11-15
US08/664,634 US6026379A (en) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 System, method and article of manufacture for managing transactions in a high availability system
US664634 1996-06-17
US08/671,822 US5983208A (en) 1996-06-17 1996-06-17 System, method and article of manufacture for handling transaction results in a gateway payment architecture utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture
PCT/US1997/010402 WO1997049050A2 (fr) 1996-06-17 1997-06-17 Systeme, procede et article pour la gestion de transactions dans un systeme a grande disponibilite

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WO1997049050A3 (fr) 1998-02-19
CA2258648A1 (fr) 1997-12-24
AU3640597A (en) 1998-01-07
WO1997049050A2 (fr) 1997-12-24

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