EP0935021B1 - Absorbent household paper - Google Patents
Absorbent household paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0935021B1 EP0935021B1 EP99400269A EP99400269A EP0935021B1 EP 0935021 B1 EP0935021 B1 EP 0935021B1 EP 99400269 A EP99400269 A EP 99400269A EP 99400269 A EP99400269 A EP 99400269A EP 0935021 B1 EP0935021 B1 EP 0935021B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ply
- protuberances
- surface area
- sheet according
- patterns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
- B31F1/07—Embossing, i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing, e.g. using rolls provided with complementary profiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
- D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
- B31F2201/07—Embossing
- B31F2201/0707—Embossing by tools working continuously
- B31F2201/0715—The tools being rollers
- B31F2201/0723—Characteristics of the rollers
- B31F2201/0733—Pattern
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/02—Patterned paper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
- Y10T428/24455—Paper
- Y10T428/24463—Plural paper components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
- Y10T428/24736—Ornamental design or indicia
Definitions
- US 3,414,459 discloses a method for embossing and binding together two plies of cellulose wadding, according to the technique called spikes against spikes.
- the two plies are waffled separately by means of identical metal cylinders which are provided with pins and which cooperate respectively with rollers with a rubber coating.
- the vertices of the protuberances are then coated on one of the folds with a suitable adhesive.
- the two plies are connected to each other by the vertices of the protrusions by clamping between the two embossing cylinders set in rotation relative to each other so that the spikes come tip to tip.
- This technique requires that both cylinders have symmetrical patterns and that the pins of the two cylinders coincide perfectly in the clamping range. A radial or circumferential offset between the pins of the two cylinders may result in a lack of connection in certain areas of the resulting complex sheet.
- US 5 173 351 proposed using patterns with different pitch in at least one direction on the two embossing rolls to ensure at least one bonding point on the elementary complex sheets obtained by cutting the complex sheet coming out of the installation.
- An offset of the two units between them can be achieved by a translation or by a rotation of the impression of the pattern of a embossing cylinder with respect to the pattern of the other cylinder.
- the two plies are interconnected, by the technique known as spikes against spikes, but with a shift of the two patterns in one direction.
- the non-coincident protuberances are arranged, between coincident protuberances, somewhat in the manner of what is obtained with the technique that allows to obtain a structure called "nested". These protuberances are not tied to the other fold and create pockets.
- the density of the pins must be greater than 10 pins and less than 30 per cm 2 and preferably between 15 and 20 pins per cm 2 .
- Measurements have made it possible to count the points of connection for different types of patterns. These measurements are performed by image analysis.
- the gray value generated by the carbon footprint of the bonding points relative to a pointless reference value is determined by means of a camera and then a coefficient is applied as a function of the average area occupied by a single point.
- the image can then be transformed into a binary (black-and-white) image that is more contrasted than the gray-scale start image.
- This operation is done using graphical software such as Photoscop (ADOBE) or Picture Publisher (MICOGRAFX). At this point, it is possible to measure the percentage of the black area representing the link areas using these same softwares.
- Figures 2a to 2d show the distributions of the bonding points for complex sheets having embossed folds with identical and staggered patterns respectively corresponding to the patterns shown in Figures 1a to 2d.
- the installation for producing the complex sheet according to the invention is known per se and of the type used to make two point-to-point folds.
Abstract
Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine des papiers absorbants, en ouate de cellulose, à usage domestique.The invention relates to the field of absorbent papers, cellulose wadding, for domestic use.
Elle concerne plus précisément une feuille complexe composée de deux plis de papier absorbant en ouate de cellulose du type crêpé conventionnel, dont le grammage est compris entre 10 et 40 g/cm2 et qui sont gaufrés par calandrage selon des motifs fins comportant des protubérances, et qui sont liés entre eux, notamment par collage, au niveau des surfaces des sommets des protubérances coïncidentes desdits deux plis.More specifically, it relates to a complex sheet composed of two plies of cellulose wadding paper of the conventional creped type, the grammage is between 10 and 40 g / cm 2 and which are embossed by calendering in fine patterns having protuberances, and which are bonded together, in particular by bonding, at the level of the surfaces of the peaks of the coincident protuberances of said two folds.
US 3 414 459 décrit un procédé pour gaufrer et lier entre eux deux plis en ouate de cellulose, selon la technique dite pointes contre pointes. Selon cette technique on gaufre les deux plis séparément au moyen de cylindres métalliques identiques qui sont munis de picots et qui coopèrent respectivement avec des rouleaux à revêtement en caoutchouc. On enduit ensuite les sommets des protubérances sur l'un des plis d'une colle appropriée. On lie enfin les deux plis l'un à l'autre par les sommets des protubérances par serrage entre les deux cylindres gaufreurs calés en rotation l'un par rapport à l'autre de façon que les picots viennent pointes contre pointes. Cette technique exige que les deux cylindres comportent des motifs symétriques et que les picots des deux cylindres coïncident parfaitement dans l'intervalle de serrage. Un décalage radial ou circonférentiel entre les picots des deux cylindres peut entraîner une absence de liaison dans certaines zones de la feuille complexe obtenue.US 3,414,459 discloses a method for embossing and binding together two plies of cellulose wadding, according to the technique called spikes against spikes. According to this technique the two plies are waffled separately by means of identical metal cylinders which are provided with pins and which cooperate respectively with rollers with a rubber coating. The vertices of the protuberances are then coated on one of the folds with a suitable adhesive. Finally, the two plies are connected to each other by the vertices of the protrusions by clamping between the two embossing cylinders set in rotation relative to each other so that the spikes come tip to tip. This technique requires that both cylinders have symmetrical patterns and that the pins of the two cylinders coincide perfectly in the clamping range. A radial or circumferential offset between the pins of the two cylinders may result in a lack of connection in certain areas of the resulting complex sheet.
Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, US 5 173 351 a proposé d'utiliser des motifs à pas différents dans au moins une direction sur les deux cylindres gaufreurs afin d'assurer au moins un point de liaison sur les feuilles complexes élémentaires obtenues par découpe de la feuille complexe sortant de l'installation.To remedy this drawback, US 5 173 351 proposed using patterns with different pitch in at least one direction on the two embossing rolls to ensure at least one bonding point on the elementary complex sheets obtained by cutting the complex sheet coming out of the installation.
Enfin, WO 96/32248 propose de ne lier que certaines zones des deux plis gaufrés en n'appliquant la colle que sur les extrémités des protubérances de l'un des plis, qui doivent participer à la liaison effective. Ici aussi, les deux cylindres doivent comporter des motifs symétriques et les picots des deux cylindres doivent coïncider avec précision au niveau de l'intervalle de serrage.Finally, WO 96/32248 proposes to bind only certain zones of the two embossed folds by applying the adhesive only on the ends of the protuberances of one of the folds, which must participate in the effective connection. Again, the two cylinders must have symmetrical patterns and the pins of the two cylinders must coincide precisely at the clamping interval.
Dans ces trois documents, il est prévu que les picots sont disposés sur les cylindres selon des génératrices, des grands cercles et des hélices régulièrement espacés. Il en résulte que les protubérances formées sur les plis par l'empreinte des picots sont alignées dans des directions préférentielles et avec des écartements constants. L'observateur qui regarde les faces extérieures de la feuille complexe a l'impression que ces faces comportent des dessins géométriques comportant uniquement des lignes droites ou des segments de droite.In these three documents, it is expected that the pins are arranged on the cylinders according generatrices, large circles and regularly spaced propellers. As a result, the protuberances formed on the folds by the imprint of the spikes are aligned in preferential directions and with constant spacings. The observer who looks at the outer faces of the complex sheet has the impression that these faces comprise geometrical drawings comprising only straight lines or straight segments.
On conçoit qu'un léger décalage axial ou circonférentiel entre les deux cylindres gaufreurs par suite du manque de synchronisme ou de l'usure des pièces d'entraînement puisse provoquer une absence de coïncidence entre les picots au niveau de l'intervalle de serrage des cylindres gaufreurs et entraîner des rebuts de fabrication.It is conceivable that a slight axial or circumferential offset between the two embossing cylinders due to lack of synchronism or wear parts The drive mechanism can cause a lack of coincidence between the pins at the clamping range of the embossing rolls and cause scrap manufacturing.
D'autres techniques d'assemblage des plis permettent d'emboîter les protubérances de l'un des plis entre les protubérances de l'autre pli afin d'obtenir une structure dénommée « nested » qui entraîne un degré d'absorption amélioré. Avec cette technique, les cylindres gaufreurs sont écartés l'un de l'autre et on retire le pli gaufré de l'un des cylindres pour l'emboîter dans l'autre pli en le passant dans un intervalle de serrage ménagé entre l'autre cylindre gaufreur et un cylindre complémentaire lisse. Cette technique exige également un parfait synchronisme entre les deux cylindres gaufreurs.Other techniques of assembling the folds can fit the protuberances of one of the folds between the protuberances of the other fold to obtain a structure called "nested" which leads to an improved degree of absorption. With this technique, the embossing rollers are spaced from one another and the embossed fold is removed from one of the rolls to fit into the other fold by passing it in a clamping gap formed between the other embossing cylinder and a smooth complementary cylinder. This technique also requires perfect synchronism between the two embossing cylinders.
Le but de l'invention est d'améliorer l'absorption ainsi que la souplesse des feuilles complexes définies ci-dessus tout en faisant en sorte que le produit final garde le même aspect que celui obtenu par les techniques actuelles et de faire en sorte que l'on puisse s'affranchir des contraintes imposées dans le choix des motifs et dans le calage précis des cylindres gaufreurs.The object of the invention is to improve the absorption as well as the flexibility of the complex sheets defined above while ensuring that the final product retains the same aspect as that obtained by current techniques and to ensure that it is possible to overcome the constraints imposed in the choice of patterns and in the precise setting of the embossing rolls.
L'invention atteint son but par le fait que :
- a) la densité des protubérances de chaque pli est supérieure à 10 protubérances par cm2 et la surface des sommets des protubérances de chaque pli est supérieure à 5 % de la surface dudit pli ;
- b) on gaufre au moins l'un des plis selon un motif artistique dans lequel les distances et les directions de n'importe quelle protubérance avec les protubérances adjacentes sont variées, ledit motif étant choisi de telle manière qu'au moins 25 % des protubérances dudit pli participent à des liaisons effectives avec des protubérances coïncidentes de l'autre pli, et que la surface totale liée des sommets des protubérances dudit plis qui participent aux liaisons représente au moins 15 % de la surface totale des sommets des protubérances dudit pli, quelle que soit la position relative des motifs des deux plis.
- a) the density of the protuberances of each fold is greater than 10 protuberances per cm 2 and the surface of the apices of the protuberances of each fold is greater than 5% of the surface of said fold;
- b) at least one of the plies is waffled in an artistic pattern in which the distances and directions of any protuberance with the adjacent protuberances are varied, said pattern being chosen such that at least 25% of the protuberances said fold participate in effective bonds with coincident protuberances of the other fold, and that the total bound surface of the vertices of the protuberances of said folds which participate in the bonds represents at least 15% of the total surface of the vertices of the protuberances of said fold, which whatever the relative position of the patterns of the two folds.
Avantageusement, 30 % et encore plus avantageusement 40 % des protubérances d'un pli participent à des liaisons effectives avec les protubérances coïncidentes de l'autre pli. On a constaté que jusqu'à 70 % on avait encore une amélioration.Advantageously, 30% and even more advantageously 40% of the protuberances of one fold participate in effective links with the coincident protuberances of the other fold. It has been found that up to 70% is still improving.
De préférence, la surface totale liée des sommets des protubérances d'un pli est au moins égale à 20 % des surfaces des sommets des protubérances dudit pli.Preferably, the total bound surface of the vertices of the protuberances of a fold is at least 20% of the surfaces of the peaks of the protuberances of said fold.
De manière avantageuse, la surface des sommets des protubérances de chaque pli est inférieure à 30 % de la surface totale dudit pli. Cette surface est de préférence supérieure à 7,5 % de la surface totale du pli, et de préférence inférieure à 15 % de la surface du pli. La densité des protubérances de chaque pli est inférieure à 30 protubérances par centimètre carré et de préférence inférieure à 20.Advantageously, the surface of the peaks of the protuberances of each fold is less than 30% of the total surface of said fold. This surface is preferably greater than 7.5% of the total area of the fold, and preferably less than 15% of the fold surface. The density of the protuberances of each fold is less than 30 protuberances per square centimeter and preferably less than 20.
Avantageusement, les deux plis sont gaufrés selon des motifs artistiques, les deux motifs pouvant être identiques ou non.Advantageously, the two plies are embossed in artistic patterns, the two patterns may be identical or not.
Un décalage des deux motifs entre eux peut être réalisé par une translation ou par une rotation de l'empreinte du motif d'un cylindre gaufreur par rapport à l'empreinte du motif de l'autre cylindre.An offset of the two units between them can be achieved by a translation or by a rotation of the impression of the pattern of a embossing cylinder with respect to the pattern of the other cylinder.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- les figures 1a à 1d montrent quatre motifs artistiques formés par des picots de cylindres gaufreurs afin de réaliser des protubérances sur les plis constitutifs d'une feuille complexe ;
- les figures 2a et 2e montrent les traces des liaisons entre les surfaces des sommets des protubérances des deux plis formées respectivement par des motifs de picots représentés sur les figures 1a à 1d, et par une combinaison des motifs des figures 1b et 1c.
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des graphiques représentent pour différents motifs la variation de l'absorption, exprimée en cm3 par gramme de papier, en fonction de la résistance humide du produit mesurée sens travers, exprimée en N/m
- FIGS. 1a to 1d show four artistic patterns formed by pins of embossing rolls in order to produce protuberances on the constituent folds of a complex sheet;
- FIGS. 2a and 2e show the traces of the connections between the surfaces of the peaks of the protuberances of the two folds respectively formed by pin patterns shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d, and by a combination of the patterns of FIGS. 1b and 1c.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are graphs representing, for different reasons, the variation of the absorption, expressed in cm 3 per gram of paper, as a function of the wet resistance of the product measured crosswise, expressed in N / m
On a représenté sur les figures 1a à 1d des exemples de motifs de gaufrage prévus sur les cylindres gaufreurs d'une installation de fabrication d'une feuille complexe composée de deux plis de papier absorbant en ouate de cellulose, du type conventionnel crêpé, (du type CWP), et dont le grammage est compris entre 10 et 40 g/cm2. On utilise une telle feuille en usage domestique en tant papier de ménage ou « essuie-tout ».FIGS. 1a to 1d show examples of embossing patterns provided on the embossing rolls of a facility for manufacturing a complex sheet composed of two folds of cellulose wadding paper, of the conventional creped type, (from type CWP), and whose grammage is between 10 and 40 g / cm 2 . Such a sheet is used in domestic use as household paper or "paper towel".
Les points dessinés sur ces figures 1a et 1d représentent les extrémités de picots prévus sur les cylindres gaufreurs pour former des protubérances sur les plis par déformation mécanique du pli qui passe dans un intervalle de gaufrage ménagé entre le cylindre gaufreur et un cylindre en caoutchouc associé d'axe parallèle au cylindre gaufreur.The points drawn in these figures 1a and 1d represent the ends of pins provided on the embossing rolls to form protuberances on the folds by mechanical deformation of the fold which passes through an embossing gap formed between the embossing roll and a rubber cylinder associated with axis parallel to the embossing cylinder.
Ainsi qu'on le voit sur les figures 1a à 1d, les motifs ont des allures artistiques, par opposition aux motifs géométriques habituels, c'est-à-dire que, dans un motif, les distances séparant un picot quelconque de picots voisins sont variées et les directions entre un picot quelconque et les picots adjacents sont également variées. Pour l'observateur, les picots d'un motif semblent être disposés sur des lignes courbes, ou des cercles concentriques.As can be seen in FIGS. 1a to 1d, the patterns have an artistic appearance, as opposed to the usual geometrical patterns, that is to say that, in a pattern, the distances separating any one pin from neighboring pins are varied and the directions between any one pin and the adjacent pins are also varied. For the observer, the pins of a pattern seem to be arranged on curved lines, or concentric circles.
Les protubérances formées par gaufrage sur les plis sont également disposées sur une face du pli selon les mêmes motifs.The protuberances formed by embossing on the folds are also arranged on one side of the fold according to the same patterns.
Les deux plis devant constituer une feuille complexe peuvent être gaufrés avec des motifs identiques ou avec des motifs différents.The two plies to form a complex sheet can be embossed with identical patterns or with different patterns.
Lorsque les deux motifs sont identiques, les deux plis sont reliés entre eux, par la technique connue sous le nom de pointes contre pointes, mais avec un décalage des deux motifs dans une direction. De cette manière seules quelques protubérances de l'un des plis coïncident avec des protubérances de l'autre pli et sont liées à elles. Les protubérances non coïncidentes sont disposées, entre des protubérances coïncidentes, un peu à la manière de ce que l'on obtient avec la technique qui permet d'obtenir une structure dénommée « nested ». Ces protubérances ne sont pas liées à l'autre pli et créent des poches. La présence de ces protubérances non liées par les poches ainsi formées permet d'améliorer l'absorption du produit final par rapport au même produit dans lequel les deux plis ont les mêmes motifs et sont réunis pointes contre pointes, sans décalage, c'est à dire de telle manière que toutes les protubérances d'un pli coïncident et sont liées aux protubérances de l'autre pli.When the two patterns are identical, the two plies are interconnected, by the technique known as spikes against spikes, but with a shift of the two patterns in one direction. In this way only some protuberances of one of the folds coincide with protuberances of the other fold and are related to them. The non-coincident protuberances are arranged, between coincident protuberances, somewhat in the manner of what is obtained with the technique that allows to obtain a structure called "nested". These protuberances are not tied to the other fold and create pockets. The presence of these unbonded protuberances by the pockets thus formed makes it possible to improve the absorption of the final product with respect to the same product in which the two plies have the same patterns and are gathered spikes against spikes, without any offset, this is due to say in such a way that all the protuberances of one fold coincide and are connected to the protuberances of the other fold.
Le produit obtenu est également plus souple et plus agréable au toucher en raison de la réduction du nombre de points de liaison. Corrélativement, la rigidité du produit et sa résistance à la rupture sèche ou humide sont légèrement diminuées. Cependant on a constaté que cette perte de résistance était inférieure au gain en absorption. Comme la fonction principale d'un « essuie-tout » est d'absorber les liquides, on peut aisément définir un produit présentant une combinaison absorption/résistance optimale.The product obtained is also more flexible and more pleasant to the touch due to the reduction of the number of connection points. Correlatively, the stiffness of the product and its resistance to dry or wet failure are slightly reduced. However, it has been found that this loss of resistance is lower than the gain in absorption. Since the main function of a "paper towel" is to absorb liquids, it is easy to define a product with an optimal absorption / resistance combination.
Du fait de la disposition des protubérances selon des motifs artistiques, on est assuré que plusieurs d'entre elles seront coïncidentes lorsque les motifs des deux plis sont décalés, alors que, dans les structures du type pointes pointes actuelles dans lesquelles les motifs ont des dessins géométriques formés de segments de droite dans des directions privilégiées, un décalage minime entre les motifs des deux plis entraîne une absence de liaison dans certaines zones de la feuille complexe.Due to the arrangement of the protuberances according to artistic patterns, it is ensured that many of them will be coincidental when the patterns of the two plies are offset, while in the structures of the type spikes current spikes in which the patterns have drawings geometric lines formed of straight segments in privileged directions, a minimal offset between the patterns of the two folds leads to a lack of connection in certain areas of the complex sheet.
Pour qu'il se produise des coïncidences certaines dans une proportion suffisante pour assurer la liaison des deux plis, certaines conditions doivent être respectées.In order for certain coincidences to occur in a proportion sufficient to ensure the binding of the two folds, certain conditions must be respected.
La densité des picots doit être supérieure à 10 picots et inférieure à 30 par cm2 et de préférence entre 15 et 20 picots par cm2.The density of the pins must be greater than 10 pins and less than 30 per cm 2 and preferably between 15 and 20 pins per cm 2 .
La surface des sommets des picots, et par le fait même, la surface des sommets des protubérances est supérieure à 5 %, et de préférence inférieure à 30 % de la surface totale.The surface of the peaks of the spikes, and by the same token, the surface of the tops of the protuberances is greater than 5%, and preferably less than 30% of the total area.
Les dessins des motifs sont choisis de telle manière que 25 % des protubérances de chaque pli, et de préférence 30 %, voire jusqu'à 70 %, participent à des liaisons effectives des deux plis.The patterns of the patterns are chosen such that 25% of the protuberances of each fold, and preferably 30% or even up to 70%, participate in effective bonds of the two folds.
Le total des surfaces liées au niveau des protubérances participant aux liaisons effectives représente au moins 15 % et de manière avantageuse 20 % de la surface totale des sommets de chaque pli.The total of the surfaces related to the level of the protuberances participating in the actual links represents at least 15% and advantageously 20% of the total area of the vertices of each fold.
Des mesures ont permis de dénombrer les points de liaison pour différents types de motifs. Ces mesures sont réalisées par analyse d'images. On détermine au moyen d'une caméra la valeur de gris engendrée par l'empreinte laissée sur un papier carbone par les points de liaison par rapport à une valeur de référence sans point, puis on applique un coefficient en fonction de la surface moyenne occupée par un seul point.Measurements have made it possible to count the points of connection for different types of patterns. These measurements are performed by image analysis. The gray value generated by the carbon footprint of the bonding points relative to a pointless reference value is determined by means of a camera and then a coefficient is applied as a function of the average area occupied by a single point.
Pour cela, dans une première étape, on numérise au scanner le calque d'empreinte en niveaux de gris à 300 points par pouce.For this purpose, in a first step, the grayscale print layer is scanned at 300 dots per inch.
Dans une deuxième étape, on détermine le seuil de gris foncé des zones de contact effectif entre protubérances, les zones de l'image à ce seuil ou plus foncées sont colorées en noir, le reste est coloré en blanc.In a second step, the dark gray threshold of the effective contact zones between protuberances is determined, the zones of the image at this threshold or darker are colored in black, the rest is colored in white.
L'image peut alors être transformée en image binaire (noir et blanc) plus contrastée que l'image de départ en niveau de gris. Cette opération se fait à l'aide de logiciels graphiques tels que Photoscop (ADOBE) ou Picture Publisher (MICOGRAFX). A ce stade, il est possible de mesurer le pourcentage de la surface noire représentant les zones de liaison à l'aide de ces mêmes logiciels.The image can then be transformed into a binary (black-and-white) image that is more contrasted than the gray-scale start image. This operation is done using graphical software such as Photoscop (ADOBE) or Picture Publisher (MICOGRAFX). At this point, it is possible to measure the percentage of the black area representing the link areas using these same softwares.
Si l'on désire plus d'informations sur cette image, il est possible dans une troisième étape de reprendre l'image par un analyseur d'image tel que le Quantiniet 600 (LECA) qui en plus du pourcentage de surface liée peut calculer le nombre de points par cm2, la surface de ces points ainsi que leur répartition sur un histogramme.If more information on this image is desired, it is possible in a third step to take back the image by an image analyzer such as Quantiniet 600 (LECA) which in addition to the percentage of bound surface can calculate the number of points per cm 2 , the area of these points as well as their distribution on a histogram.
Les figures 2a à 2d montrent les répartitions des points de liaison pour des feuilles complexes comportant de plis gaufrés avec des motifs identiques et décalés correspondant respectivement aux motifs représentés sur les figures 1a à 2d.Figures 2a to 2d show the distributions of the bonding points for complex sheets having embossed folds with identical and staggered patterns respectively corresponding to the patterns shown in Figures 1a to 2d.
La figure 2e montre la répartition des points de liaison d'une feuille complexe dont l'un des plis comporte le motif montré sur la figure 1b et l'autre pli comporte le motif représenté sur la figure 1c.Figure 2e shows the distribution of the binding points of a complex sheet, one of the folds comprises the pattern shown in Figure 1b and the other fold comprises the pattern shown in Figure 1c.
Le tableau suivant montre les valeurs comparatives de cinq échantillons référencés A et E, les références A à C correspondent à des feuilles complexes ayant des motifs identiques correspondant respectivement aux figures 1a à 1c, et la référence D correspondant à un échantillon dont l'un des plis comporte le motif de la figure 1b et l'autre pli le motif de la figure 1c.
- la colonne C1 indique le nombre de protubérances par cm2,
- la colonne C2 indique le nombre de liaisons effectives par cm2,
- la colonne C3 est le rapport en % entre les valeurs des colonnes C2 et C1,
- la colonne C4 indique le pourcentage de la surface des sommets des protubérances par rapport à la surface totale. Elle correspond à la surface associée en véritables pointes pointes,
- la colonne C5 représente le pourcentage de la surface liée des sommets par rapport à la surface totale, et
- la colonne C6 est le rapport en % entre les valeurs des colonnes C5 et C4.
column C1 indicates the number of protuberances per cm 2 ,
column C2 indicates the number of effective connections per cm 2 ,
column C3 is the ratio in% between the values of columns C2 and C1,
Column C4 indicates the percentage of the area of the peaks of the protuberances relative to the total area. It corresponds to the associated surface in true pointed ends,
column C5 represents the percentage of the area bound from the vertices with respect to the total area, and
column C6 is the ratio in% between the values of columns C5 and C4.
Avec un autre échantillon référencé A, mais un décalage différent, on a obtenu une surface liée correspondant à 3,3 % de la surface totale de la feuille soit 7.8 liaisons effectives par cm2.With another sample referenced A, but a different offset, there was obtained a bonded area corresponding to 3.3% of the total surface of the sheet or 7.8 effective bonds per cm 2 .
Les mesures des surfaces et des points de liaison, c'est-à-dire les surfaces de contact collées entre les protubérances coïncidentes ont donné les valeurs suivantes :
Il a été constaté que la surface de contact maximale (soit 1, 18 mm2) est supérieure à la surface au sommet des picots qui est de 0,8 mm2, car il y a sans doute un certain écrasement lors de l'application de la colle sur les sommets des protubérances d'un pli, ou lors de l'application du premier pli sur le deuxième pli dans l'intervalle des deux cylindres gaufreurs, ou même lors de la création de rouleaux de feuille complexe à la sortie de l'installation permettant de réaliser cette feuille complexe.It has been found that the maximum contact area (ie 1.18 mm 2 ) is greater than the top surface of the pins which is 0.8 mm 2 , because there is undoubtedly a certain crushing during the application glue on the vertices of the protuberances of a fold, or when applying the first fold on the second fold in the gap between the two embossing rolls, or even when creating rolls of complex sheet at the exit of the installation to make this complex sheet.
L'installation pour réaliser la feuille complexe selon l'invention est connue en soi et du type de celle utilisée pour faire de liaisons de deux plis pointes contre pointes.The installation for producing the complex sheet according to the invention is known per se and of the type used to make two point-to-point folds.
Le décalage des motifs entre les deux plis peut être réalisé selon une direction préférentielle, en général le sens d'avancement de la feuille, en décalant angulairement l'un des cylindres gaufreurs par rapport à l'autre. Le décalage peut être également obtenu par pivotement d'un motif par rapport à l'autre. Ceci peut être obtenu lors de l'usinage des deux cylindres gaufreurs.The offset of the patterns between the two folds can be achieved in a preferred direction, in general the direction of travel of the sheet, angularly shifting one of the embossing cylinders relative to the other. The offset can also be obtained by pivoting one pattern relative to the other. This can be obtained during the machining of the two embossing rolls.
A partir d'un même papier tissue crêpé, 100% kraft de résineux, on a réalisé des échantillons de produits selon les motifs représentés sur les figures la à 1d pour différentes pressions de gaufrage. En effet, en augmentant la pression de gaufrage pour un même motif, on améliore la capacité d'absorption mais on réduit corrélativement la résistance à la rupture. Afin de pouvoir comparer les propriétés des échantillons il est donc nécessaire de tenir compte de la perte de résistance induite, en particulier de la résistance humide sens travers qui est un paramètre important pour caractériser les essuie-toutFrom the same creped tissue paper, 100% softwood kraft, product samples were made according to the patterns shown in Figs. 1a to 1d for different embossing pressures. In fact, by increasing the embossing pressure for the same pattern, the absorption capacity is improved but the breaking strength is correspondingly reduced. In order to be able to compare the properties of the samples, it is therefore necessary to take into account the loss of resistance induced, in particular the wet resistance meaning that is an important parameter to characterize paper towels
Afin de montrer l'amélioration apportée par la solution de l'invention, on a réalisé les échantillons A à E et des échantillons A', B', C', D'. Ces derniers correspondent aux mêmes motifs la à 1d mais assemblés en position parfaitement pointes contre pointes.In order to show the improvement provided by the solution of the invention, samples A to E and samples A ', B', C ', D' were made. The latter correspond to the same patterns at 1d but assembled perfectly in point position against spikes.
On a mesuré l'absorption selon la méthode AFNOR NF Q03-068. Cette méthode consiste à immerger une éprouvette dans l'eau puis à déterminer la masse d'eau absorbée après un temps d'égouttage dans des conditions spécifiées. On a tracé les graphes représentés sur les figures 3 et 4 en reportant en ordonnées les valeurs mesurées de l'absorption, exprimées en cm3 par gramme d'échantillon et en abscisses les valeurs mesurées de résistances humides sens travers pour différentes pressions de gaufrage. Ces valeurs sont exprimées en N/m.
Les graphes montrent que les performances des produits A à E sont supérieures à celles des produits A', D' respectivement pour les mêmes valeurs de résistance humide sens travers.The absorption was measured according to the AFNOR NF Q03-068 method. This method involves immersing a specimen in water and then determining the mass of water absorbed after a dewatering time under specified conditions. The graphs shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 have been plotted by plotting the measured values of the absorption, expressed in cm 3 per gram of sample, and the measured values of wet cross-resistance values for different embossing pressures on the abscissa. These values are expressed in N / m.
The graphs show that the performances of the products A to E are greater than those of the products A ', D' respectively for the same values of wet resistance crosswise.
A titre de contre-exemple, on a réalisé à partir du même papier tissue CWP des échantillons gaufrés selon un motif dont le motif élémentaire comprend trois losanges imbriqués entre eux et dont la densité des protubérances est de 6 protubérances par cm2. La première série d'échantillons Lp est du type pointes contre pointes, la seconde série Ld est à décalage des motifs avec 20% de densité de liaison. On constate que le décalage n'apporte aucune amélioration de l'absorption.As a counter-example, samples were made from the same CWP tissue paper embossed samples in a pattern whose basic pattern comprises three lozenges interlocked with each other and whose density of the protuberances is 6 protuberances per cm 2 . The first series of samples Lp is of the tip-to-tip type, the second series Ld is pattern-shifted with 20% bond density. It is found that the shift provides no improvement in absorption.
Claims (11)
- Complex sheet composed of at least two plies of absorbent paper made of cellulose wadding of the conventional type pressed at the wet end section, of which the grammage lies between 10 and 40 g/m2, that are embossed by calendering with fine patterns comprising protuberances, and which are bonded together, in particular by gluing, in the region of the surfaces of the tops of the coincident protuberances of the said two plies, characterized in that:a) the density of the protuberances of each ply is greater than 10 protuberance per cm2 and the surface area of the tops of the protuberances of each ply is greater than 5% of the total surface area of the said ply;b) at least one of the plies is embossed with an artistic pattern in which the distances and directions of any protuberance with respect to adjacent protuberances are varied, the said pattern being chosen so that at least 25% of the protuberances of the said ply participate in effective bonds with the coincident protuberances of the other ply and in that the total surface area of the tops of the protuberances of the said plies which participate in bonds represents at least 15% of the total surface area of the tops of the protuberances of the said ply, whatever the relative position of the patterns of the two plies.
- Complex sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 30% of the protuberances of one ply participate in effective bonds with the coincident protuberances of the other ply.
- Complex sheet according to claim 2, characterized in that at least 40% of the protuberances of one ply participate in effective bonds with the coincident protuberances of the other ply.
- Complex absorbent sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the total bonded surface area of the tops of the protuberances of one ply is at least equal to 20% of the surface areas of the tops of the protuberances of the said ply.
- Complex sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface area of the tops of the protuberances of each ply is less than 30% of the total surface area of the said ply.
- Complex sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5,characterized in that the surface area of the tops of the protuberances of each ply is greater than 7.5% of the total surface area of the said ply.
- Complex sheet according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface area of the tops of the protuberances of each ply is less than 15% of the total surface area of the said ply.
- Complex sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the density of the protuberances of each ply is less than 20 protuberances per cm2.
- Complex sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two plies are embossed with artistic patterns.
- Complex sheet according to claim 9, characterized in that the two artistic patterns are identical and shifted.
- Complex sheet according to claim 9, characterized in that the two artistic patterns are different.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9801431A FR2774707B1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1998-02-06 | ABSORBENT PAPER FOR DOMESTIC USE |
| FR9801431 | 2001-02-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0935021A1 EP0935021A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| EP0935021B1 true EP0935021B1 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
Family
ID=9522691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99400269A Expired - Lifetime EP0935021B1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-02-05 | Absorbent household paper |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6235373B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0935021B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE316168T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2262020C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69929506T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0935021T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2257014T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2774707B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO324478B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT935021E (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199900240A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1331308A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-30 | Georgia-Pacific France | A creped sheet of absorbent paper, a roll for the embossing and a process incorporating the same |
| FR2846275B1 (en) * | 2002-10-25 | 2004-12-10 | Cebal Sas | IMPROVEMENT OF A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE PLASTIC OR METALLOPLASTIC TUBES |
| US8034215B2 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2011-10-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Patterned fibrous structures |
| EP1712667B1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2011-01-05 | Pantex International S.p.A. | Method for producing a nonwoven fabric and a product obtained with said method |
| US7829177B2 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2010-11-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Web materials having offset emboss patterns disposed thereon |
| FR2914221B1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2009-10-02 | Georgia Pacific France Soc Par | ABSORBENT SHEET WITH SINGLE EMBOSSING PATTERN |
| FR2918598B1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2011-07-15 | Georgia Pacific France | ABSORBENT PAPER SHEET CREPE, EMBOSSING CYLINDER OF SUCH SHEET AND EMBOSSING METHOD |
| US20100028621A1 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-04 | Thomas Timothy Byrne | Embossed fibrous structures and methods for making same |
| US20100030174A1 (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2010-02-04 | Buschur Patrick J | Multi-ply fibrous structures and processes for making same |
| RU2484969C2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2013-06-20 | Ска Хайджин Продактс Аб | Fibrous article with screen embossing and method of its fabrication |
| AU2008365143A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-17 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Embossing roll for producing fibrous products with a rastered embossing, device employing such embossing roll and arranging embossing protrusions on such embossing roll |
| US20100297378A1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Andre Mellin | Patterned fibrous structures and methods for making same |
| US9243368B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2016-01-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Embossed fibrous structures and methods for making same |
| US8753737B2 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2014-06-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-ply fibrous structures and methods for making same |
| US20100297395A1 (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-25 | Andre Mellin | Fibrous structures comprising design elements and methods for making same |
| US9915034B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2018-03-13 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | High bulk tissue product |
| CA164869S (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-05-17 | Cascades Canada Ulc | Embossed tissue sheet |
| US10654244B2 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2020-05-19 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Laminated multi-ply tissue products with improved softness and ply bonding |
| JP7255978B2 (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2023-04-11 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Kitchen paper roll and kitchen paper |
| USD899101S1 (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-10-20 | Productos Familia S.A. | Paper towel with embossing pattern |
| US11702797B2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2023-07-18 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Tissue products formed from multi-apex emboss elements and methods for producing the same |
| US11441274B2 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2022-09-13 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Tissue products having emboss elements with reduced bunching and methods for producing the same |
| USD944542S1 (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2022-03-01 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Paper product with an embossing pattern |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3414459A (en) * | 1965-02-01 | 1968-12-03 | Procter & Gamble | Compressible laminated paper structure |
| US3961119A (en) * | 1973-03-15 | 1976-06-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Embossed paper toweling and method of production |
| US4320162A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1982-03-16 | American Can Company | Multi-ply fibrous sheet structure and its manufacture |
| FR2604734B1 (en) * | 1986-10-02 | 1989-01-06 | Beghin Say Sa | ABSORBENT LAMINATE SHEET |
| FR2653793B1 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1992-01-03 | Kaysersberg Sa | |
| EP0738588A1 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-23 | Scott Paper Company | Improved absorbent paper product and method of making |
-
1998
- 1998-02-06 FR FR9801431A patent/FR2774707B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-02-04 US US09/244,014 patent/US6235373B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-05 DE DE69929506T patent/DE69929506T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-05 AT AT99400269T patent/ATE316168T1/en active
- 1999-02-05 PT PT99400269T patent/PT935021E/en unknown
- 1999-02-05 NO NO19990549A patent/NO324478B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-02-05 TR TR1999/00240A patent/TR199900240A2/en unknown
- 1999-02-05 EP EP99400269A patent/EP0935021B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-05 DK DK99400269T patent/DK0935021T3/en active
- 1999-02-05 ES ES99400269T patent/ES2257014T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-02-08 CA CA002262020A patent/CA2262020C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE316168T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
| ES2257014T3 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
| NO990549L (en) | 1999-08-09 |
| NO990549D0 (en) | 1999-02-05 |
| DK0935021T3 (en) | 2006-05-22 |
| PT935021E (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| FR2774707A1 (en) | 1999-08-13 |
| CA2262020C (en) | 2007-05-01 |
| TR199900240A3 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
| TR199900240A2 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
| CA2262020A1 (en) | 1999-08-06 |
| NO324478B1 (en) | 2007-10-29 |
| EP0935021A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
| FR2774707B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 |
| DE69929506T2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| DE69929506D1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
| US6235373B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
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