EP0935020B1 - Procédé pour la production de pâte à papier, pâte à papier ainsi obtenue et papier et carton contenant cette pâte - Google Patents
Procédé pour la production de pâte à papier, pâte à papier ainsi obtenue et papier et carton contenant cette pâte Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0935020B1 EP0935020B1 EP99660003A EP99660003A EP0935020B1 EP 0935020 B1 EP0935020 B1 EP 0935020B1 EP 99660003 A EP99660003 A EP 99660003A EP 99660003 A EP99660003 A EP 99660003A EP 0935020 B1 EP0935020 B1 EP 0935020B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- noil
- pulp
- paper pulp
- produced
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 37
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001724 microfibril Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011088 parchment paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing paper pulp as defined in the preamble of claim 1. Moreover, the invention relates to paper pulp and paper and graphic cardboard containing it.
- information paper refers to different kinds of printable paper and cardboard, coated or uncoated, manufactured on paper and cardboard machines, e.g. printing paper and graphic cardboard.
- Specification FI 931584 presents a composite product for use as filler in paper and a method for its manufacture, based on precipitation of calcium carbonate on the surface of cellulose fibres.
- the fibres are mainly whole chemical pulp fibres, individual microfibrils are only present on fibre surfaces.
- a paper filler that consists of porous aggregates formed by calcium carbonate particles precipitated on noil fibrils produced by refining from cellulose fibre and/or mechanical pulp fibre; as to their size distribution, the noil fibrils correspond to wire screen fraction P100.
- the filler gives the paper better optical and strength properties and a lower grammage than earlier calcium carbonate based fillers. For the manufacture of this product, calcium carbonate must be precipitated on the surface of noil fibrils.
- the present invention discloses a noil for use in paper manufacture which is mixed with paper pulp and which meets the requirements specified above and is easier to manufacture than corresponding kinds of noil and/or fillers known before.
- the invention discloses a new use of noil that gives the paper better strength properties, especially a better tensile strength and a better interlaminar strength as well as a lower grammage than commonly known prior-art use of noil and/or filler and that is still easier and cheaper to manufacture than corresponding types of noil and/or filler known in prior art.
- the noil which, when used in paper manufacture, makes it possible to add to the paper an increased amount of pigments to improve the optic properties of the paper being produced, and which is easier to manufacture than prior-art types of noil and/or filler that meet corresponding criteria. Further the type of noil whose production does not require any large additional investments and which can be produced using equipment generally already existing in a paper factory.
- the object of the invention is to disclose a method for producing a paper pulp containing said noil.
- a further object of the invention is to disclose a paper pulp containing said noil, to be used in the manufacture of information paper.
- Yet another object of the invention is to disclose a paper type manufactured using said noil.
- paper having the desired optical, strength and grammage properties can be produced by mixing the paper pulp with noil produced by refining from pulp fibre, preferably chemical pulp fibre, consisting of noil fibrils that, in respect of size distribution, mainly correspond to wire screen fraction P50, the amount of noil forming 0.1 - 15. w-%, more preferably 0.5 - 10 w-%, most preferably 2 - 4.5 w-% of the paper pulp.
- a new feature in the invention is particularly the fact that noil, added to paper pulp, gives the paper the desired, improved strength and/or grammage properties.
- the desired optic properties is achieved by adding required pigments into the paper pulp without impairing the strength properties of the paper.
- noil Before, a corresponding type of noil has been used in the manufacture of transparent paper sorts, such as butter paper and baking paper. However, the amounts of noil used in these cases have been substantially larger than in the present application. Moreover, in the present application, the noil makes it possible to achieve expressly improved optic properties because an improved paper strength allows the use of an increased filler content; in transparent paper sorts, such optic properties have not been aimed at.
- the noil, used in the method and paper pulp of the present invention differs from the filler presented in specification FI 953238 (corresponding to WO-A- 97/01670) in that, according to the present application, the desired strength and grammage properties are achieved by using noil without precipitation of pigment on noil, in other words, the invention makes it possible to add the pigment into the pulp in the conventional manner, whereas in specification FI 953238 the pigment, i.e. calcium carbonate, is precipitated onto noil fibrils.
- the noil can be mixed as such in the paper pulp; the pigment can be added into the paper pulp before the noil is mixed or after it has been mixed, or it may be added in conjunction with the mixing of the noil.
- the mixing can be performed e.g. in a machine tank or in some other suitable, e.g. separate mixer or container.
- the noil, used in the method or in the paper pulp consists of noil fibrils mainly corresponding to wire screen fraction P100.
- the amount of noil in the paper pulp is 0.1-15 w-%, preferably 0.5 - 10 w-%, most preferably 2-4.5 w-% of the pulp, calculated in terms of dry matter.
- the mass ratio of pigment to noil is e.g. 0.1 - 20, preferably 0.2 - 10, most preferably 2 - 6. In this description, all mass ratio values have been calculated in terms of dry matter.
- the noil is preferably produced by refining cellulose fibre to a Schopper number > 80, preferably to a Schopper number between 80 - 90, or even to a higher Schopper number value.
- pigments e.g. kaolin, talcum, titan dioxide, ground calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), chalk, synthetic silicate (such as aluminium silicate, aluminium magnesium silicate), barium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide or in general any pigment
- PCC precipitated calcium carbonate
- chalk synthetic silicate (such as aluminium silicate, aluminium magnesium silicate), barium sulphate, aluminium hydroxide or in general any pigment
- mixed and/or composite pigments can also be used.
- Different calcium carbonates and kaolin are especially well suited for this purpose. Particularly good results have been achieved using precipitated and ground calcium carbonates, e.g. calcium carbonates having a scalenohedral crystal structure.
- the consistency of the noil is preferably of the order of 0.4 - 10 w-%.
- the noil can be advantageously produced from cellulose fibres by refining so that the edge load is of the order of 0.1 - 8 Ws/m.
- the refining can be effected using any known type of refiner, e.g. a conical refiner or a disk refiner.
- the specific energy consumption in the refining process is of the order of 10 - 1000 kWh/t, preferably 100 - 700 kWh/t, most preferably 10 - 300 kWh/t.
- the noil can be used in the manufacture of any kind of paper or cardboard produced on a paper or cardboard machine.
- the noil is especially well suited for use in the manufacture of information paper or cardboard, e.g. in the manufacture of printing paper and copying paper sorts having a grammage of the order of 25 - 350 g/m, or in the manufacture of graphic cardboard sorts in which the surface layer has a grammage of the order of 25 - 350 g/m 2 and the backing or inner layer is any kind of base layer known in the art.
- the paper pulp to be used may contain any pulp components, pigments, additives or other substances in known proportions of weight, as is generally known in paper manufacturing industry or in relevant literature.
- Figures 1 - 6 represent the light-scattering coefficient of the paper as a function of its tensile index, and the air permeability, interlaminar strength, CaCO 3 retention, light-scattering coefficient and density as functions of the CaCO 3 content of the pigment used, for certain test paper sorts when the noil of the invention is used together with precipitated calcium carbonate, ground calcium carbonate and without them.
- printing paper was produced using a fibrous mixture containing 50 % bleached chemical softwood pulp refined to the value CSF 420 and 50 % groundwood.
- the noil was produced by refining chemical birch pulp in a Valley laboratory hollander in accordance with the SCAN-C 25:76 standard for 2.5 hours. The refined pulp was screened using a Bauer-McNett screen, and the P200 fraction was saved. The amount of noil added to the pulp was 4.5 w-%. The amounts of filler used were 10 w-% and 20 w-%. The noil and the filler were added into the pulp simultaneously before sheet formation.
- cationic starch in an amount of 0.65 w-% and silica in an amount of 0.15 w-% were used. From the pulps thus obtained, test sheets were produced and for each sheet the light-scattering coefficient was determined as a function of tensile index and the air permeability, interlaminar strength, CaCO 3 retention, light-scattering coefficient and density were determined as functions of CaCO 3 content.
Claims (10)
- Procédé de production d'une pâte à papier destinée à être utilisée dans la fabrication de papier cartonné pour représentation graphique et de papier pour impression, caractérisé en ce que la pâte à papier contenant la fibre de cellulose et/ou la fibre de pâte mécanique et la charge de remplissage est mélangée avec de la blousse produite par raffinage de fibre de cellulose et consistant en fibrilles de blousse qui, en fonction de la répartition par grosseur, correspondent à un tamis métallique Bauer-McNett de fraction P50, et la quantité de blousse formant de 0,1 à 15 % en poids de la pâte à papier.
- Procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fibrilles de blousse correspondent à un tamis métallique Bauer-McNett de fraction P100.
- Procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la blousse est produite par raffinage de fibre de cellulose jusqu'à un indice d'égouttage de Schopper > 80.
- Procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la fibre de cellulose et/ou la fibre de pâte mécanique est/sont raffinée(s) jusqu'à un indice d'égouttage de Schopper compris entre 85 et 90.
- Pâte à papier destinée à être utilisée dans la fabrication de papier pour impression et de papier cartonné pour représentation graphique, contenant de la fibre de cellulose et/ou des fibres de pâte mécanique et une charge de remplissage, caractérisée en ce que la pâte à papier contient de la blousse produite à partir de fibre de cellulose, par raffinage, et consiste en fibrilles de blousse correspondant, en matière de répartition par grosseur, à un tamis métallique Bauer-McNett de fraction P50 et en ce que la blousse constitue entre 0,1 et 15 % en poids de la pâte à papier.
- Pâte à papier telle que définie dans la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les fibrilles de blousse correspondent à un tamis métallique Bauer-McNett de fraction P100.
- Pâte à papier telle que définie dans la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que la pâte à papier contient un pigment, le rapport de masse du pigment sur la blousse étant compris entre 0,1 et 20.
- Pâte à papier telle que définie dans l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7 , caractérisée en ce que la blousse a été produite par raffinage de fibre de cellulose jusqu'à un indice d'égouttage de Schopper > 80.
- Pâte à papier telle que définie dans la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la fibre de cellulose a été raffinée jusqu'à un indice d'égouttage de schopper compris entre 85 et 90.
- Papier pour impression et papier cartonné pour représentation graphique utilisant de la pâte à papier tel que défini dans l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI980296A FI108238B (fi) | 1998-02-09 | 1998-02-09 | Paperin valmistuksessa käytettävä hienoaine, menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi sekä hienoainetta sisältävä paperimassa ja paperi |
FI980296 | 1998-02-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0935020A1 EP0935020A1 (fr) | 1999-08-11 |
EP0935020B1 true EP0935020B1 (fr) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=8550780
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99660003A Expired - Lifetime EP0935020B1 (fr) | 1998-02-09 | 1999-01-11 | Procédé pour la production de pâte à papier, pâte à papier ainsi obtenue et papier et carton contenant cette pâte |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030051837A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0935020B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11269796A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE246285T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU741861B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2260537C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69909857T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2205747T3 (fr) |
FI (1) | FI108238B (fr) |
NZ (1) | NZ333865A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4413410B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-12 | 2010-02-10 | フジクリーン工業株式会社 | 排水処理装置および排水処理方法 |
US20040168781A1 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-09-02 | Petri Silenius | Noil for use in paper manufacture, method for its production, and paper pulp and paper containing such noil |
FI115475B (fi) | 2002-10-24 | 2005-05-13 | M Real Oyj | Menetelmä paperin ja kartongin valmistamiseksi |
DE102007059736A1 (de) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Omya Development Ag | Oberflächenmineralisierte organische Fasern |
FI3617400T3 (fi) * | 2009-03-30 | 2022-11-30 | Fiberlean Technologies Limited | Nanofibrilloituneen selluloosan suspensioiden käyttö |
DK2236545T3 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2014-12-01 | Omya Int Ag | A process for the preparation of nano-fibrillar cellulose gels |
CA2780478C (fr) * | 2009-11-16 | 2017-07-04 | Kth Holding Ab | Nanopapier resistant |
SI2386683T1 (sl) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-07-31 | Omya International Ag | Postopek za proizvodnjo kompozitnih materialov na osnovi gela |
SI2386682T1 (sl) | 2010-04-27 | 2014-07-31 | Omya International Ag | Postopek za izdelavo strukturiranih materialov z uporabo nanofibriliranih celuloznih gelov |
SE538250C2 (sv) | 2012-11-09 | 2016-04-12 | In-lineproduktionsmetod för papperstillverkning | |
SE538246C2 (sv) | 2012-11-09 | 2016-04-12 | Skikt för papp i en in-lineproduktionsprocess | |
EP2947203B2 (fr) * | 2015-09-15 | 2022-07-13 | Smurfit Kappa Paper Holdings France | Utilisation de pâte de fibres cellulosiques |
BR112018007115B1 (pt) | 2015-10-14 | 2022-06-14 | Fiberlean Technologies Limited | Materail em chapa conformável em 3d, processos de preparação de um artigo conformado em 3d, seus usos e artigo conformado em 3d |
SE543552C2 (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-03-23 | Stora Enso Oyj | Refined cellulose fiber composition |
US20230228036A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 | 2023-07-20 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Surface mineralized organic fibers and methods of making the same |
WO2023192172A1 (fr) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | Specialty Minerals (Michigan) Inc. | Fibres composites et procédés de fabrication associés |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE835255C (de) * | 1948-10-17 | 1952-03-31 | Karl Heinz Klemm Dipl Ing | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserstoffganzzeug bestimmter initialer Nassfestigkeit aus Faserstoffmischungen |
US4692211A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1987-09-08 | Eucatex S.A. Industria E Comercio Of Sao Paulo | High strength, cellulosic-gel-containing kraft paper and process for making the same |
FR2647128B1 (fr) * | 1989-05-18 | 1991-12-27 | Aussedat Rey | Procede de fabrication d'un substrat plan, fibreux, souple, difficilement dechirable et substrat obtenu |
US5228954A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1993-07-20 | The Procter & Gamble Cellulose Company | Cellulose pulps of selected morphology for improved paper strength potential |
FI100729B (fi) * | 1995-06-29 | 1998-02-13 | Metsae Serla Oy | Paperinvalmistuksessa käytettävä täyteaine ja menetelmä täyteaineen va lmistamiseksi |
-
1998
- 1998-02-09 FI FI980296A patent/FI108238B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-01-11 DE DE69909857T patent/DE69909857T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-11 EP EP99660003A patent/EP0935020B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-11 ES ES99660003T patent/ES2205747T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-11 AT AT99660003T patent/ATE246285T1/de active
- 1999-01-22 NZ NZ333865A patent/NZ333865A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-28 CA CA002260537A patent/CA2260537C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-08 AU AU16352/99A patent/AU741861B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-09 JP JP11030874A patent/JPH11269796A/ja active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-08-05 US US10/042,739 patent/US20030051837A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI980296A (fi) | 1999-08-10 |
ATE246285T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
AU741861B2 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
AU1635299A (en) | 1999-08-26 |
ES2205747T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
DE69909857D1 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
CA2260537C (fr) | 2009-04-21 |
US20030051837A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
DE69909857T2 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
FI980296A0 (fi) | 1998-02-09 |
CA2260537A1 (fr) | 1999-08-09 |
NZ333865A (en) | 1999-08-30 |
EP0935020A1 (fr) | 1999-08-11 |
JPH11269796A (ja) | 1999-10-05 |
FI108238B (fi) | 2001-12-14 |
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