EP0932131B1 - Optischer Rauchmelder - Google Patents
Optischer Rauchmelder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0932131B1 EP0932131B1 EP98100932A EP98100932A EP0932131B1 EP 0932131 B1 EP0932131 B1 EP 0932131B1 EP 98100932 A EP98100932 A EP 98100932A EP 98100932 A EP98100932 A EP 98100932A EP 0932131 B1 EP0932131 B1 EP 0932131B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- smoke detector
- detector according
- light
- filter
- photodetector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
- G08B17/113—Constructional details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical smoke detector with an optical module, which a light source, a measuring chamber with a scattering space and a light receiver for has scattered light formed in the scattering space, and with one connected to the light receiver Evaluation.
- the optics module is known for these smoke detectors, known as scattered light detectors trained that disturbing extraneous light and smoke do not penetrate the measuring chamber very easily can.
- the light source and light receiver are arranged so that no light rays can get directly from the light source to the receiver. In the presence of Smoke particles in the measuring chamber become the light emitted by the light source scattered and part of the scattered light falls on the light receiver and causes an electrical Signal.
- the scattered light smoke detector which is widely used today and which has recently taken the place of so-called ionization detectors are extremely sensitive and can Detect fires with a high degree of certainty.
- the high sensitivity can, however, in certain cases lead to false alarms, which is undesirable for several reasons. Because apart from that that false alarms at least get the attention of the security personnel concerned tend to reduce, in most countries the fire department and / or the police require for missions caused by false alarms compensation, which under certain circumstances with the The number of false alarms increases progressively. For this reason, fire detectors enjoy the False alarm security very high priority.
- False alarm security is attempted by suitable design of the optics module to be improved (see, for example, DE-A-44 12 212 or EP-A-0 821 330) or by signal evaluation based on several criteria (so-called multiple or multi-criteria detectors) or by installing another sensor, for example a temperature or gas sensor (see, for example, EP-A-0 803 850). Most of these Measures are associated with additional costs, the most promising of which namely the installation of an additional sensor, the most expensive.
- the invention is now intended to make an optical smoke detector of the type mentioned at the beginning clear improved false alarm security can be specified at minimal additional costs.
- the optical module has at least one has an element exposed to direct light from the light source or stray light, which indicates a fire parameter to be monitored with a change in its optical Properties responds.
- a first preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that the said element in the manner of a filter or reflector with reversible Color and / or transparency or reflection change is formed.
- a third preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that two of the elements mentioned are provided, one of which is a fire gas and the other is a temperature sensitive filter.
- a fourth preferred embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention is thereby characterized in that in the extension of the optical axis of the light source a direct light receiver is provided, and that the filter or filters between the spreading space and the Direct light receiver is or are arranged.
- the two filters can also be arranged one behind the other, whereby they are designed so that their Transparency with increasing fire gas concentration or temperature in the same sense changes.
- the at least one sensitive element be this a filter or a reflector
- the direct light receiver cheaper is as an additional sensor.
- an additional sensor usually needs one special signal processing, which requires a microprocessor or microcontroller.
- the smoke detector according to the invention is one because of the simple nature of the Signals and their linking are not required.
- a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention is particularly cost-effective Smoke detector. This is characterized in that the filter is between the spreading space and the light receiver for the scattered light and is arranged so that its Transparency increases with increasing fire gas concentration or temperature.
- the filter works with increasing combustion gas concentration or temperature an increase in the scattered light reaching the light receiver, so that apart from the Filters no additional effort is required.
- a logic AND or a logical takes place in the evaluation electronics OR combination of the signal of the light receiver for the scattered light with that of the Direct light receiver so that an alarm signal is generated when either both Signal of the light receiver for the scattered light and that of the direct light receiver or only one of these signals exceeds a certain value.
- the optical module 1 of a scattered-light smoke detector shown in cross section with the viewing direction upward in FIG. 1 is part of its detector insert 2, which can be fastened in a base (not shown) which is preferably mounted on the ceiling of the room to be monitored.
- a detector hood also not shown, is fitted over the detector insert 2 and is provided with suitable smoke entry slots.
- the detector insert 2 essentially also includes evaluation electronics (not shown). This detector structure is known and will not be described in detail here. In this context, reference is made to the detectors of the AlgoRex series ( AlgoRex - registered trademark of Cerberus AG) and to EP-A-0 821 330.
- the optics module 1 essentially consists of a light source 3, a light receiver 4, and one that is sealed light-tight by a side wall 5 and a cover (not shown) Measuring chamber 6 with a central aperture 7 and on the inside of the side wall 5 arranged peripheral screens 8.
- the optical axes of the by an infrared light emitting diode (IRED) or a visible light emitting diode (LED) formed light source 3 and light receiver 4 formed by a photodiode do not lie on a common straight line, but are kinked towards each other, close to the intersection of the two optical Axes the central aperture 7 is arranged.
- the side wall 5 and the cover shield the Measuring chamber 6 against external light from the outside, the central diaphragm 7 prevents Light rays can go directly from the light source 3 to the light receiver 4.
- the peripheral screens 8 serve to suppress the so-called background light, the caused by unwanted scatter or reflection. The better this underground light is suppressed, the lower the basic pulse, that is the signal that detects if there is no smoke in the measuring chamber 6.
- the cutting area of the from the Light source 3 emitted beam and the field of view of the light receiver 4th form the actual measuring range referred to below as the scattering space S.
- the light source 3 sends short, intense light pulses into the scattering space S, the light receiver 4 the scattering space, S but not the light source 3 "sees".
- the light from the light source 3 is scattered by smoke penetrating into the scattering space S, and part of this scattered light falls on the light receiver 4.
- the receiver signal generated thereby is processed by the evaluation electronics, for example by using different Threshold values are compared, each of which is assigned to a certain hazard level is. Every exceeding of a threshold value is registered and it becomes the necessary one if necessary Action triggered.
- the optical module 1 formed optical sensor yet another sensor, for example a temperature sensor or a gas sensor (see for example EP-A-0 654 770 and EP-A-0 803 850).
- the stray light detector shown also belongs to the category of these so-called multi or multiple sensor detectors, differs but from the known detectors in this category in that the additional sensor through an element integrated in the optical module 1 is formed.
- said additional sensor is formed by at least one filter F G or F T which is acted upon by the light source 3 or by the scattered light, the transparency of which depends on the value of a fire parameter to be monitored.
- the fire parameter can be, for example, a fire gas or the temperature, so that the filter takes on the function of a gas sensor (filter F G ) or temperature sensor (filter F T ). Since this filter is integrated in the optics module and reacts to a change in the fire parameter to be monitored with a change in its transparency, it directly influences the receiver signal of the light receiver 4 (or any additional light receiver), so that the evaluation of the light transmitted by the respective filter only requires minimal effort.
- the optical module 1 has one arranged in the extension of the optical axis of the light source 3 Direct light receiver 9 (Fig. 1).
- the filter material is checked based on the Brand size selected.
- the filters F G and F T preferably consist of a frame 10 made of light metal or plastic, into which a transparent cell 11 is inserted, which either contains a material sensitive to the relevant fire characteristic or consists of such a material.
- a material which is particularly well suited for a temperature-sensitive filter F T is a mixture of different paraffins with different melting points, as a result of which a broad melting temperature range can be achieved, which results in a varying transparency in a wide temperature range. For example, with a mixture of six different paraffins with six different melting points in a temperature range between 30 ° and 80 ° C, the transparency increases between 40 ° and 50 ° C from just over 0% to about 70% and from 50 ° to 70 ° C from about 70% to 100%.
- the transparency increases with increasing temperature. This means that more light or more direct light falls on the light receiver 4 or 9 connected downstream of the filter F T when the temperature rises (which may indicate a fire).
- the filter F T amplifies the direct light or the scattered light coming from the scattering space.
- the direct light receiver 9 can be dispensed with here and the temperature-sensitive filter F T , as indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, be arranged in front of the light receiver 4, so that with constant scattered light with increasing temperature, more scattered light is transmitted to the light receiver 4 becomes.
- the receiver signal will exceed a predetermined threshold value either at a high particle concentration in the scattering space or at a high temperature in the measuring chamber 6 or even when the particle concentration and temperature which are not so high occur together.
- a direct light receiver 9 is provided and the temperature-sensitive filter F T is arranged in the beam path of the direct light from the light source 3, the situation is similar. In this case, you can add the two receiver signals and compare the sum signal with a threshold value, or you can evaluate the receiver signals separately and combine them with an AND or an OR function, the false alarms noticeably decreasing in the first case. Which of the two variants you choose depends on the specific location and the practical circumstances.
- Materials suitable for the fire gas-sensitive filter F G are those whose optical properties, in particular their transparency, change or change when exposed to fire gases or a specific fire gas, such as CO, CO 2 or NO x .
- Suitable materials for the detection of CO, CO 2 or NO x are, for example, hemoglobin, palladium and molybdenum salts (see for example US-A-4,043,934, US-A-5,063,164 and CH-A-658 911), or generally, transparent, gas-permeable Plastics, such as polyethylene, with embedded molecules sensitive to fire gases of a suitable dye which changes its color under the action of a fire gas, such as phthalocyanine.
- Other materials suitable for the fire gas-sensitive filter F G are, for example, membrane chrominionophores [D. Citterio, S. Rasonyi, UE Spichiger "Development of new dyes for use in integrated optical sensors” in Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. (1996) 354: 836-840; D. Citterio, L. Jenny, S. Rasonyi, UE Spichiger "Dyes for use in integrated optical sensors” in Sensors and Actuators B 38-39 (1997) 202-206], or special porphyrins [T. Hashimoto, RL Dyer, MJ Crossley, JE Baldwin to F.
- the above-mentioned materials sensitive to fire gases generally cause the transparency of the filter T G to become less discolouring of the transparent cell 11 with increasing combustion gas concentration. Filters made of such materials are therefore not suitable for an arrangement in front of the light receiver 4 because they act in the opposite way to the particles in the scattering space and with increasing fire gas concentration reduce the scattered light falling on the light receiver 4 and thus simulate a lower particle concentration in the scattering space. For this reason, the fire gas selective filter F G is always arranged in front of the direct light receiver 9 if its transparency decreases with increasing fire gas concentration, the two receiver signals being able to be evaluated analogously to the temperature-sensitive filter F T.
- the optics module 1 can also have both a temperature-sensitive filter F T and a fire gas-sensitive filter F G , in which case several variants of the filter arrangement are also possible. If one uses a temperature-sensitive filter F T with a transparent cell 11, the transparency of which increases with increasing temperature (for example a transparent body made of a paraffin mixture of the type described) and a fire gas-sensitive filter F G , with a transparent cell 11, the transparency of which increases with the concentration of combustion gas decreases (for example, a transparent cell made of polyethylene with phthalocyanine molecules inserted), then either the temperature-sensitive filter F T in front of the light receiver 4 and the fire gas-sensitive filter F G in front of the direct light receiver 9 can be arranged and the signals of the two light link receiver in the manner already described, or you can arrange both filters in front of the direct light receiver 9.
- a temperature-sensitive filter F T with a transparent cell 11 the transparency of which increases with increasing temperature
- a fire gas-sensitive filter F G with a transparent cell 11
- the filters since the two filters have an opposite course of transparency depending on of the respective fire parameter, the filters must not be in a row but must be arranged side by side, with the direct light receiver as a double or Twin diode 9 'formed with separate evaluation of the receiver signal of the two diodes is.
- a scattered light detector is obtained with additional detection of the temperature and a fire gas, for example of CO or NO x , and the signals from the sensors for the three fire parameters of smoke, temperature and CO or NO x can be linked in a suitable manner to achieve an optimal one To achieve false alarm security and / or to adapt the detector specifically to specific requirements.
- a particularly advantageous possibility of linking the receiver signals of a fire detector having at least two sensors is described in EP-A-0 654 770.
- the evaluation electronics for the receiver signal of each sensor contain a separate processing path, and the processing paths are brought together at the input of a neural network in which the hazard signals are obtained.
- the two filters can, as shown in Fig. 1, one behind the other in front of the direct light -Receiver 9 may be arranged. In this case, too, one could arrange the filters according to FIG. 3 next to one another and use a twin diode 9 'as a direct light receiver, it being possible to evaluate the receiver signals of the two diodes together or separately.
- the design of the sensitive element as a filter shown in the figures must not be in the It should be understood that only one filter can be used for this element. On While filter will usually be the cheapest solution, it is clear to the expert that that the sensitive element can also be designed in such a way that it has a reversible absorption or has a change in reflection.
- the sensitive element could be one Have grid structure in the manner of a Bragg reflector and in transmitted light or in a reflection arrangement operate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Querschnitt durch das Optikmodul eines Streulichtrauchmelders im Niveau von dessen optischer Achse; und
- Fig. 2, 3
- je ein Detail von Fig. 1.
Claims (17)
- Optischer Rauchmelder mit einem Optikmodul (1), welches eine Lichtquelle (3), eine Messkammer (6) mit einem Streuraum (S) und einen Lichtempfänger (4) für im Streuraum (S) gebildetes Streulicht aufweist, und mit einer an den Lichtempfänger (4) angeschlossenen Auswerteelektronik, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Optikmodul (1) mindestens ein vom direkten Licht der Lichtquelle (3) oder vom Streulicht beaufschlagtes Element (FG, FT) aufweist, welches auf eine zu überwachende Brandkenngrösse mit einer Änderung seiner optischen Eigenschaften reagiert.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Element (FG, FT) in der Art eines Filters oder Reflektors mit reversibler Farb- und/oder Transparenzbeziehungsweise Reflexionsänderung ausgebildet ist
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Element ein brandgas- oder ein temperatursensitives Filter (FG bzw. FT) ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei der genannten Elemente vorgesehen sind, von denen das eine ein brandgas- und das andere ein temperatursensitives Filter (FG bzw. FT) ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Verlängerung der optischen Achse der Lichtquelle (3) ein Direktlicht-Empfänger (9) vorgesehen ist, und dass das oder die Filter (FG, FT) zwischen dem Streuraum (S) und dem Direktlicht-Empfänger (9) angeordnet ist beziehungsweise sind.
- Rauchmelder nach den Ansprüchen 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Filter (FG, FT) nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und dass der Direktlicht-Empfänger durch eine Doppel- oder Zwillings-Fotodiode (9') gebildet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach den Ansprüchen 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Filter (FG, FT) hintereinander angeordnet und so beschaffen sind, dass sich ihre Transparenz mit zunehmender Brandgaskonzentration beziehungsweise Temperatur im gleichen Sinn ändert.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filter (FG, FT) zwischen dem Streuraum (S) und dem Lichtempfänger (4) für das Streulicht angeordnet und so beschaffen ist, dass seine Transparenz mit zunehmender Brandgaskonzentration oder Temperatur zunimmt.
- Rauchmelder nach den Ansprüchen 4, 5 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Filter (FG) zwischen dem Streuraum (S) und dem Direktlicht-Empfänger (9) und das andere zwischen dem Streuraum (S) und dem Lichtempfänger (4) für das Streulicht angeordnet ist.
- Rauchmelder nach einem der Ansprüche 5, 6, 7 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Auswerteelektronik eine logische UND- oder eine logische ODER-Verknüpfung des Signals des Lichtempfängers (4) mit demjenigen des Direktlicht-Empfängers (9, 9') erfolgt.
- Rauchmelder nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder die Filter (FG, FT) eine transparente Zelle (11) aufweist beziehungsweise aufweisen, welche entweder ein auf die betreffende Brandkenngrösse empfindliches Material enthält oder aus einem solchen Material besteht.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Material aus einer Mischung verschiedener Paraffine mit verschiedenen Schmelzpunkten besteht.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Material ein sterisch überladenes Ethylen, vorzugsweise Bianthron, ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Material ein gasdurchlässiger Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyethylen oder Polyvenilchlorid, mit eingebetteten, auf Brandgase sensitiven Molekülen eines Farbstoffs ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Farbstoff Phthalocyanin ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Material ein Porphyrin ist.
- Rauchmelder nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Material ein Gemisch aus Verbindungen des Triphenylmethan-Systems mit aciden Verbindungen ist.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE59806812T DE59806812D1 (de) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Optischer Rauchmelder |
| AT98100932T ATE230512T1 (de) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Optischer rauchmelder |
| EP98100932A EP0932131B1 (de) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Optischer Rauchmelder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98100932A EP0932131B1 (de) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Optischer Rauchmelder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0932131A1 EP0932131A1 (de) | 1999-07-28 |
| EP0932131B1 true EP0932131B1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
Family
ID=8231288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98100932A Expired - Lifetime EP0932131B1 (de) | 1998-01-21 | 1998-01-21 | Optischer Rauchmelder |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0932131B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE230512T1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59806812D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020128684A1 (de) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Heinzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Ölnebeldetektor zur Detektion und/oder Analyse von Öl-Luftgemischen mit einer optischen Messanordnung sowie zugehörige Verfahren |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3506686A1 (de) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-08-28 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Chemisch sensitives bauelement |
| DE4028188A1 (de) * | 1990-09-05 | 1992-03-12 | Esser Sicherheitstechnik | Brandmelder mit einem streulicht- und einem ionisationssystem |
-
1998
- 1998-01-21 EP EP98100932A patent/EP0932131B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-21 AT AT98100932T patent/ATE230512T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-21 DE DE59806812T patent/DE59806812D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59806812D1 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
| ATE230512T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
| EP0932131A1 (de) | 1999-07-28 |
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