EP0931862A1 - Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres - Google Patents
Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0931862A1 EP0931862A1 EP98200195A EP98200195A EP0931862A1 EP 0931862 A1 EP0931862 A1 EP 0931862A1 EP 98200195 A EP98200195 A EP 98200195A EP 98200195 A EP98200195 A EP 98200195A EP 0931862 A1 EP0931862 A1 EP 0931862A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- elementary
- weight
- fibre
- oven
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
- D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
- D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/006—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with compounds not otherwise provided for
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres.
- Vegetable fibres are used more and more as a substitute for synthetic fibres in the non-food industry because of their advantageous technical properties, price and performance, but also for environmental and agricultural considerations.
- Non-wood vegetable fibres are generally used in pulp production. Examples of such fibres are hemp and flax. These crops consist of two major, very distinct lignocellulosic fractions.
- the woody core is a lignin rich, hardwood resembling material. These cores can be delignified to produce a pulp for such paper grades as printing and copying paper.
- JP-A-63-264991 relating to the production of bast fibre pulp by cooking bast fibres with a mixture of oxalic acid or its salt, H 2 O 2 or H 2 O 2 -generating agents, alkali metal carbonates, chelating agents, and anthraquinone compounds at 60 to 130 °C.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres comprising the steps of
- Fibre materials which may be used are vegetable bast fibres of lignocellulosic nature which have a lignin content between 0.3 and 10% by weight and which contain elementary fibres with a fibre length of at least 10 mm.
- Examples of such fibres are flax, oil seed flax, hemp, ramie, milkweed and hop bast fibres. These are the principal commercial vegetable fibres.
- flax and hemp are used because of their high cellulose content and their long ultimate fibre length. Especially preferred is flax because flax can be dew-retted more easily than hemp.
- the raw vegetable bast fibres are subjected to a retting process before being cut.
- Retting controlled rotting
- the retting can be carried out in the field after harvesting (so called dew-retting for flax) or in warm water (so called warm water retting) or with enzymes.
- step a) of the process of the invention consists of cutting the fibres to a length of 8 to 400 mm, preferably between 10 and 100 mm, depending on the intended use.
- the purpose is to produce fibres of uniform length.
- An example of a cutting device is a "Rotary Cutter", type 231, available from Laroche Machines Textiles, 69470 Cours, France. Any machine of similar construction may also be used.
- Step b) of the process of the invention consists of a chemical treatment of the, optionally, retted and cut vegetable bast fibres to remove pectin and lignin compounds.
- Step b) advantageously comprises:
- Such a treatment is known for making pulps for paper and has been optimised for the specific objects of the present invention.
- step i) it is also possible to eliminate step i) and to add the chelating agent to the fibres together with the oxidising agent.
- step b) of the process of the present invention comprises:
- Suitable chelating agents include polyamine-polycarboxylic acids, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, piperazinediacetic acid and especially DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid).
- the oxidising agent is preferably H 2 O 2 , or a stabilised form thereof, but may also be a peracid, hydroperoxide, perborate etc.
- Suitable stabilisers for H 2 O 2 include alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal silicates, phosphates and sulphates and mixtures thereof, such as a mixture of sodium silicate and magnesium sulphate. These substances can be added e.g.
- the oven-dry weight of the fibres after cutting is measured after drying the fibres e.g. for 12 hours at 105 °C.
- Step c) of the present process drying the cooked fibres, may be carried out in any conventional oven.
- the fibres are left in the oven until 60-95% dryness, preferably at a temperature of 20 to 90 °C.
- Step d) of the process consists of mechanically opening the fibres obtained in step c).
- the device used for this may be any carding or opening device known in the art. These devices are used for cleaning cotton fibres from trashes. The aim of the use of such a mechanical opening device is to loosen the fibres obtained in the cooking step so as to form elementary fibres which have a fluffy, cotton-like appearance.
- a mechanical opening device is a "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, available from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK. Any machine of similar construction may also be used.
- the fibres are analysed by light and electron microscopy.
- the present application also relates to the elementary vegetable bast fibres which can be obtained by the process described above. These fibres have the following chemical properties:
- the present invention also relates to the use of these elementary vegetable bast fibres for the production of wet or dry-laid non-woven materials as a substitute for synthetic fibres which are normally used in such materials.
- the elementary vegetable bast fibres of the invention may also be combined with synthetic fibres in any ratio, e.g. a weight ratio of 20:80 up to 100:0
- these vegetable fibres serve as excellent candidates for replacing synthetic fibres in non-wovens.
- the key factors in using vegetable bast fibres are good fibre length control and high degree of fibre separation. Such properties can be obtained with the process according to the invention and therefore the elementary fibres obtained are very suitable for non-wovens.
- the fibres of the invention also show good non-woven sheet formation and comparable sheet properties as those made with synthetic fibres.
- the non-woven materials may be prepared by any available technique.
- the percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres.
- Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated up to 90-95°C for 1 hour. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 50°C. The dried fibres were then fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, obtainable from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
- Acid insoluble lignin 1.07% Acid soluble lignin: 0.05%
- Uronic acid 1.1%
- Rhamnose 0%
- Ethanol extractives 1.36%
- Cellulose content 87.3%
- the percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres.
- Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated to 85°C for 0.5 hour. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 40 °C. The dried fibres were fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, available from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
- Acid insoluble lignin 1.3% Acid soluble lignin: 0.1%
- Uronic acid 1.7%
- Rhamnose 0.2%
- Ethanol extractives 1.4%
- Cellulose content 71.9% Hemicellulose content: 10.1%
- the percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres.
- Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated up to 100 °C for 75 minutes. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 40 °C. The dried fibres were fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, obtainable from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
- Acid insoluble lignin 0.5% Acid soluble lignin: 0.1% Uronic acid: 1.1% Rhamnose: 0.3% Ethanol extractives: 0.9% Cellulose content: 72.7% Hemicellulose content: 9.9%
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
A process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres is
provided, which process comprises the steps of
The process allows the production of elementary, largely cellulosic vegetable
bast fibres having the following chemical properties:
and the following physical properties:
Description
- The present invention relates to a process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres.
- Vegetable fibres are used more and more as a substitute for synthetic fibres in the non-food industry because of their advantageous technical properties, price and performance, but also for environmental and agricultural considerations.
- Non-wood vegetable fibres are generally used in pulp production. Examples of such fibres are hemp and flax. These crops consist of two major, very distinct lignocellulosic fractions. The woody core is a lignin rich, hardwood resembling material. These cores can be delignified to produce a pulp for such paper grades as printing and copying paper.
- A process for the production of pulp is described in JP-A-63-264991 relating to the production of bast fibre pulp by cooking bast fibres with a mixture of oxalic acid or its salt, H2O2 or H2O2-generating agents, alkali metal carbonates, chelating agents, and anthraquinone compounds at 60 to 130 °C.
- Although these pulps can be used as such for the production of paper, they do not result in elementary fibres which are suitable for other applications.
- It has now been found that elementary fibres which are particularly suitable for the production of non-woven materials, can be obtained from a specific pulp of bast fibres by a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments.
- The present invention relates to a process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres comprising the steps of
- a) cutting raw vegetable bast fibres to a fibre length of 8 to 400 mm,
- b) chemically treating the cut fibres to remove lignin and pectin compounds,
- c) drying the fibres obtained in step b), e.g. at a temperature of 20 to 90°C, and
- d) mechanically opening the dried fibres using a mechanical opening device. This process makes it possible to obtain elementary fibres which have a fluffy, cotton-like appearance and are also suitable to replace synthetic fibres in non-wovens.
-
- Fibre materials which may be used are vegetable bast fibres of lignocellulosic nature which have a lignin content between 0.3 and 10% by weight and which contain elementary fibres with a fibre length of at least 10 mm. Examples of such fibres are flax, oil seed flax, hemp, ramie, milkweed and hop bast fibres. These are the principal commercial vegetable fibres. Preferably flax and hemp are used because of their high cellulose content and their long ultimate fibre length. Especially preferred is flax because flax can be dew-retted more easily than hemp.
- Preferably the raw vegetable bast fibres are subjected to a retting process before being cut. Retting (controlled rotting) is a process which promotes the removal of the bast fibres from bark and woody stem parts. It is an enzymatic or bacterial action on the pectinous matter of the stem. The retting can be carried out in the field after harvesting (so called dew-retting for flax) or in warm water (so called warm water retting) or with enzymes.
- As mentioned above step a) of the process of the invention consists of cutting the fibres to a length of 8 to 400 mm, preferably between 10 and 100 mm, depending on the intended use. The purpose is to produce fibres of uniform length. An example of a cutting device is a "Rotary Cutter", type 231, available from Laroche Machines Textiles, 69470 Cours, France. Any machine of similar construction may also be used.
- Step b) of the process of the invention consists of a chemical treatment of the, optionally, retted and cut vegetable bast fibres to remove pectin and lignin compounds. Step b) advantageously comprises:
- i) impregnating the fibres with a chelating agent followed by draining the mixture,
- ii) cooking the fibres obtained in step i) with an oxidising agent and
- iii) washing the fibres obtained in step ii) with water.
-
- Such a treatment is known for making pulps for paper and has been optimised for the specific objects of the present invention.
- It is also possible to eliminate step i) and to add the chelating agent to the fibres together with the oxidising agent.
- Preferably step b) of the process of the present invention comprises:
- i) mixing the fibres with water in a fibre to liquor weight ratio of 1:5 to 1:99, adding a chelating agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres, allowing the mixture to stand for 1 to 12 hours and then draining the mixture,
- ii) mixing the impregnated fibres with an chemical mixture containing 2 to 8% by weight H2O2, 0.5 to 12% by weight NaOH, and 1 to 8% by weight of a stabiliser for H2O2, based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres, and a suitable amount of water to reach a fibre to liquor ratio of 1:5 to 1:20 in this fibre-chemical mixture, heating to a temperature of 30 to 130°C and allowing the mixture to stand at said temperature for 0.1 to 10 hours and
- iii) washing the fibres obtained in step ii) with water.
-
- Suitable chelating agents include polyamine-polycarboxylic acids, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), N-(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, piperazinediacetic acid and especially DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). The oxidising agent is preferably H2O2, or a stabilised form thereof, but may also be a peracid, hydroperoxide, perborate etc. Suitable stabilisers for H2O2 include alkaline metal and alkaline earth metal silicates, phosphates and sulphates and mixtures thereof, such as a mixture of sodium silicate and magnesium sulphate. These substances can be added e.g. in an amount of 1 to 8% by weight of sodium silicate and 0 to 2% by weight of MgSO4 based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres. The oven-dry weight of the fibres after cutting is measured after drying the fibres e.g. for 12 hours at 105 °C.
- Step c) of the present process, drying the cooked fibres, may be carried out in any conventional oven. The fibres are left in the oven until 60-95% dryness, preferably at a temperature of 20 to 90 °C.
- Step d) of the process consists of mechanically opening the fibres obtained in step c). The device used for this may be any carding or opening device known in the art. These devices are used for cleaning cotton fibres from trashes. The aim of the use of such a mechanical opening device is to loosen the fibres obtained in the cooking step so as to form elementary fibres which have a fluffy, cotton-like appearance.
- An example of a mechanical opening device is a "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, available from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK. Any machine of similar construction may also be used.
- To ascertain whether elementary fibres are obtained, the fibres are analysed by light and electron microscopy.
- The present application also relates to the elementary vegetable bast fibres which can be obtained by the process described above. These fibres have the following chemical properties:
- a lignin content of 0 to 5.0%, especially 1 to 4%,
- an uronic acid content of 0 to 2.5%, especially 0.1-1.5%, the uronic acid content being calculated on the basis of hexuronic acid,
- a rhamnose content of 0 to 0.5%;
- a cellulose content of 75 to 95% and
- a hemicellulose content 5 to 15%,
- based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres,
and the following physical properties: - a single elementary fibre tensile strength of 200 to 500 MPa and
- an elasticity modulus of 35 to 100 GPa.
-
- The present invention also relates to the use of these elementary vegetable bast fibres for the production of wet or dry-laid non-woven materials as a substitute for synthetic fibres which are normally used in such materials. The elementary vegetable bast fibres of the invention may also be combined with synthetic fibres in any ratio, e.g. a weight ratio of 20:80 up to 100:0
- Industrial, hygiene or clinical non-wovens are all produced with different kinds of synthetic fibres such as polypropylene ad polyester. These non-woven products are often used as disposables and therefore their biodegradability is important. Thus there is a strong interest, especially in Europe, to replace the synthetic fibres with vegetable fibres. Besides the advantage of being biodegradable, these fibres can also bring unique properties, e.g. better water absorbency, to the final non-woven product.
- Due to the long elementary fibre length and high cellulose content in the fibres according to the invention, these vegetable fibres serve as excellent candidates for replacing synthetic fibres in non-wovens. The key factors in using vegetable bast fibres are good fibre length control and high degree of fibre separation. Such properties can be obtained with the process according to the invention and therefore the elementary fibres obtained are very suitable for non-wovens.
- The fibres of the invention also show good non-woven sheet formation and comparable sheet properties as those made with synthetic fibres. The non-woven materials may be prepared by any available technique.
- Dew-retted flax, which had gone through a regular breaking and scutching process, was cut to 9.5 mm. These fibres were first impregnated with 0.5% DTPA in hot water in a fibre to water ratio of 1:20 overnight and then drained out to about 20% consistency. The impregnated fibres were treated with a mixture containing the following compounds:
Hydrogen peroxide: 4% MgSO4.7H2O: 0.1% Sodium silicate: 4% NaOH: 7.8% - The percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres. Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated up to 90-95°C for 1 hour. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 50°C. The dried fibres were then fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, obtainable from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
-
Acid insoluble lignin: 1.07% Acid soluble lignin: 0.05% Uronic acid: 1.1% Rhamnose: 0% Ethanol extractives: 1.36% Cellulose content: 87.3% Hemicellulose content: 6.1% -
Tensile strength: 250 MPa Elasticity modulus: 56 GPa - Dew-retted flax, which had gone through a regular breaking and scutching process, was cut to 15.8 mm. These fibres were first impregnated with 0.5% DTPA in hot water in a fibre to water ratio of 1:20 overnight and then drained out to about 20% consistency. The impregnated fibres were treated with a mixture of the following compounds:
Hydrogen peroxide: 2% MgSO4.7H2O: 0.1% Sodium silicate: 4% NaOH: 1.22% - The percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres. Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated to 85°C for 0.5 hour. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 40 °C. The dried fibres were fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, available from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
-
Acid insoluble lignin: 1.3% Acid soluble lignin: 0.1% Uronic acid: 1.7% Rhamnose: 0.2% Ethanol extractives: 1.4% Cellulose content: 71.9% Hemicellulose content: 10.1% -
Tensile strength: 330 MPa Elasticity modulus: 68 GPa - Dew-retted flax, which had gone through a regular breaking and scutching process, was cut to 15.8 mm. These fibres were first impregnated with 0.5% DTPA in hot water in a fibre to water ratio of 1:20 overnight and then drained out to about 20% consistency. The impregnated fibres were treated with a mixture of the following compounds:
Hydrogen peroxide: 2.5% MgSO4.7H2O: 0.1% Sodium silicate: 4% NaOH: 1.8% - The percentages are weight to weight percentages based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres. Water was added to adjust the fibre to liquor ratio to 1:5.67. These fibres were heated up to 100 °C for 75 minutes. Then the residual liquor was drained out and the cooked fibres were washed with a sufficient amount of water. These fibres were dried with hot air of 40 °C. The dried fibres were fed into a mechanical opening device, "Shirley Analyser", type SOL 102, obtainable from Shirley International Development Ltd., Stockport, UK, where the fibres were opened up. This resulted in well-separated, fluffy elementary fibres.
-
Acid insoluble lignin: 0.5% Acid soluble lignin: 0.1% Uronic acid: 1.1% Rhamnose: 0.3% Ethanol extractives: 0.9% Cellulose content: 72.7% Hemicellulose content: 9.9% -
Tensile strength: 280 MPa Elasticity modulus: 60 GPa
Claims (10)
- A process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres comprising the steps ofa) cutting raw vegetable bast fibres to a fibre length of 8 to 400 mm,b) chemically treating the cut fibres to remove lignin and pectin compounds,c) drying the fibres obtained in step b),d) mechanically opening the dried fibres using a mechanical opening device.
- A process according to claim 1, wherein the raw vegetable bast fibres are flax, oil seed flax, hemp, ramie, milkweed or hop bast fibres.
- A process according to claim 2, wherein the raw vegetable bast fibres are flax fibres.
- A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein step b) comprisesi) impregnating of the fibres with a chelating agent followed by draining the mixture,ii) cooking the fibres obtained in step i) with an oxidising agent andiii) washing the fibres obtained in step ii) with water.
- A process according to claim 4, wherein step b) comprises:i) mixing the fibres with water of 20-90°C in a fibre to liquor weight ratio of 1:5 to 1:99, adding DTPA as a chelating agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres, leaving the mixture to stand for 1 to 12 hours and thereafter draining the mixture,ii) mixing the impregnated fibres with a chemical mixture containing 2 to 8% by weight H2O2, 0.5 to 12% by weight NaOH, and 1 to 8% by weight of a stabiliser for H2O2, based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres, and a suitable amount of water which is added to reach a fibre to liquor ratio of 1:5 to 1:20 in this fibre-chemical mixture, heating to a temperature of 30 to 130 °C and leaving the mixture to stand at said temperature for 0.1 to 10 hours andiii) washing the fibres obtained in step ii) with water.
- A process according to claim 5, wherein in step ii) 1 to 8% by weight of sodium silicate and 0 to 2% by weight of magnesium sulphate based on oven-dry weight of fibres are added as a stabiliser for H2O2.
- A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mechanical opening of the fibres in step d) is accomplished by means of a carding or opening device.
- Elementary vegetable bast fibres, obtainable by the process of any one of claims 1 to 7, having the following chemical properties:a lignin content of 0 to 5%, a uronic acid content of 0 to 2.5%, a rhamnose content of 0 to 0.5%, based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres,
and the following physical properties:a single elementary fibre tensile strength of 100 to 600 MPa and an elasticity modulus of 35 to 100 GPa - Elementary vegetable bast fibres according to claim 8, having a cellulose content of 75 to 95% and a hemicellulose content of 5 to 15%, based on the oven-dry weight of the fibres.
- Use of elementary vegetable bast fibres according to claim 8 or 9 for the production of wet or dry-laid non-woven materials.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98200195A EP0931862A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres |
PCT/NL1999/000041 WO1999037834A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-25 | Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres |
AU24413/99A AU2441399A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-01-25 | Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP98200195A EP0931862A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0931862A1 true EP0931862A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98200195A Withdrawn EP0931862A1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1998-01-23 | Process for the production of elementary vegetable bast fibres |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP0931862A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2441399A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999037834A1 (en) |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005087467A1 (en) * | 2004-03-14 | 2005-09-22 | Horst Korger | Three-dimensional structure consisting of natural fibers in the form of matting, panels, hollow bodies, molded parts or the like. |
WO2007140578A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | National Research Council Of Canada | Extraction of hemp fibers |
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EP2971313A4 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-09-14 | Georgia Pacific Consumer Prod | Nonwoven fabrics of short individualized bast fibers and products made therefrom |
JP2017516923A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2017-06-22 | ジョージア パシフィック コンスーマー プロダクツ エルピー | Non-wood fiber bleaching and shive reduction |
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DE102004012458B4 (en) * | 2004-03-14 | 2007-09-06 | Korger, Horst, Dipl.-Ing. | Three-dimensional structure of natural fibers, in the form of mats, plates, hollow bodies, moldings or the like. |
DE112005001792B4 (en) * | 2004-07-24 | 2009-08-06 | Fh Kaiserslautern | Process for breaking up bast fibers |
WO2007140578A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | National Research Council Of Canada | Extraction of hemp fibers |
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KR20150127727A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-17 | 조지아-퍼시픽 컨수머 프로덕츠 엘피 | Water dispersible wipe substrate |
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AU2441399A (en) | 1999-08-09 |
WO1999037834A1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
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