EP0930099B1 - Centrifuge, in particular sliding seal free continuous flow centrifuge for the centrifugation of biological fluids - Google Patents

Centrifuge, in particular sliding seal free continuous flow centrifuge for the centrifugation of biological fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0930099B1
EP0930099B1 EP99101002A EP99101002A EP0930099B1 EP 0930099 B1 EP0930099 B1 EP 0930099B1 EP 99101002 A EP99101002 A EP 99101002A EP 99101002 A EP99101002 A EP 99101002A EP 0930099 B1 EP0930099 B1 EP 0930099B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separation unit
rotary frame
coupling element
magnets
centrifuge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99101002A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0930099A2 (en
EP0930099A3 (en
Inventor
Artur Meisberger
Wolfram Weber
Carlo Lay
Friedrich Witthaus
Stefan Kreber
Henning Brass
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fresenius SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Fresenius SE and Co KGaA
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Application filed by Fresenius SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Fresenius SE and Co KGaA
Publication of EP0930099A2 publication Critical patent/EP0930099A2/en
Publication of EP0930099A3 publication Critical patent/EP0930099A3/en
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Publication of EP0930099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0930099B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/08—Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing ; Couplings; Brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0442—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03002—Combustion apparatus adapted for incorporating a fuel reforming device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifuge, in particular a sliding seal-free one Flow centrifuge for centrifuging biological fluids, for example Blood.
  • gears require a very precise and therefore complex and expensive manufacture of the centrifuge.
  • the gears also need to lubricated, which not only increases the maintenance effort for the centrifuge, but also leads to the accumulation of dust and pollution. Therefore, that should Gearbox must be completely closed.
  • the arrangement of the transmission in one closed housing in turn leads to problems in deriving the resulting heat loss.
  • the gears are steady Subject to wear.
  • US-A-4,226,669 describes a centrifuge with only one drive train.
  • the drive train comprises two coupling elements which are arranged at a distance from one another and which are magnetically engaged.
  • the coupling elements are circular disk-shaped bodies same diameter, distributed circumferentially on their top and bottom wear arranged magnets of alternating polarity.
  • WO 96/04996 describes a centrifuge, the centrifuge chamber of which is a rotor Electric motor is formed.
  • the known centrifuge is not a flow centrifuge, where the problem of twisting or twisting the Line provides.
  • DE-A-40 08 945 a centrifuge is known, the drive of which Stator with four fixed magnet coils and an annular element with magnets having. This centrifuge also does not pose the problem of cable routing.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a centrifuge free of mechanical seals to create low running noise, the drive is largely maintenance-free and be operated at high speeds and relatively low drive power can.
  • the centrifuge according to the invention comprises two drive trains, the first Drive train for transmitting the torque to the centrifuge chamber and the second drive train is used to transmit the torque to the rotating frame.
  • the drive of the centrifuge chamber and the rotating frame can be via a common engine or separate engines.
  • the first and / or second drive train has to transmit the Torque spaced coupling elements on the are such that the torque by means of magnetic forces is transferable.
  • the power transmission is contactless and wear-free. Lubrication is not required, which also causes the accumulation of Dust and dirt is reduced. In addition, the noise level low. It is also advantageous that the line for feeding and / or discharging of the fluid are passed through the gap between the coupling elements can, so that the spatial arrangement of the drive elements is simplified.
  • the Coupling elements can be connected to the centrifuge chamber or the rotating frame be in one piece.
  • the Magnets can be attached to the top or bottom of the clutch discs his. However, they can also be integrated into the clutch discs or be an integral part of the centrifuge chamber. For example, the Gap between the magnets to achieve smooth surfaces with a Potting compound must be filled out.
  • the coupling elements have magnets, which are arranged on a circular line such that the magnetic poles are adjacent Magnets of a coupling element are opposite to each other.
  • the magnets are preferably permanent magnets.
  • electromagnets can also be used.
  • the coupling elements can be designed in the manner of a clutch disc his.
  • the centrifuge are in the first and / or second drive train two rotatable about a common axis mounted and designed in the manner of a clutch disc coupling elements provided with the magnets on the top or bottom of the Coupling elements arranged along the circular line opposite one another are. Such an arrangement serves for the transmission of torques aligned driveline shafts.
  • the coupling elements can also be designed in the manner of a gearwheel his.
  • the first and / or second drive train of the centrifuge provided two coupling elements are rotatably mounted about mutually perpendicular axes.
  • the Coupling elements can be designed as a truncated cone-shaped body whose conical surfaces are arranged the magnets, or the coupling elements can be designed as a disc-shaped body, with the magnets on whose top or bottom are arranged.
  • the magnets have one rectangular cross section with a narrow side and a long side.
  • the magnets are preferred in the form of circular coupling elements arranged such that their longitudinal axes run in the radial direction. This The arrangement allows the transmission of a particularly large torque low angular misalignment.
  • the lateral distance between the magnets of one Coupling element is optimal if this is essentially the distance between the magnet of the one coupling element and the opposite magnets of the other coupling element corresponds to that is magnetically engaged with the one coupling element.
  • the centrifuge comprises a stator with a coil arrangement for generation a first and a second magnetic field and means for magnetic Coupling of the rotating frame so that the centrifuge chamber through the first Magnetic field of the stator can be driven and means for magnetic coupling of the Centrifuge chamber such that the centrifuge chamber through the second Magnetic field of the stator can be driven.
  • the magnetic fields of the stator are like this trained that the centrifuge chamber at twice the speed in the same direction of rotation as the rotating frame is driven.
  • the decisive advantage of the alternative embodiment is that particularly compact design. It continues to be characterized by low Running noise and extensive freedom from maintenance and can with high Speeds and relatively low drive power are operated.
  • the rotating frame of the centrifuge preferably has an upper and a lower one Support plate on, wherein the centrifuge chamber is rotatable on the upper support plate stored and the stator between the centrifuge chamber and the lower one Support plate is arranged. Through the air gap between the centrifuge chamber and the stator can connect the line connected to the centrifuge chamber to the be fixed junction.
  • the means for magnetic coupling of the rotating frame or Centrifuge chambers are preferably on the rotating frame or Centrifugal chamber arranged permanent magnets, which are on the underside of the Centrifuge chamber or the lower support plate of the rotating frame are arranged circumferentially distributed, the magnetic poles in each case neighboring magnets are directed opposite to each other.
  • the drive of the The centrifuge chamber or the rotating frame is magnetic Fields of rotation generated by the coil elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a centrifuge free of mechanical seals for centrifuging biological fluids, especially blood, in a schematic Presentation.
  • the centrifuge has a rotating frame 1 with a lower and upper support plate 1a, 1b and two side parts 1c, 1d.
  • the rotating frame 1 is driven by an electric motor 2, the output shaft 2a with the lower support plate 1a of the rotating frame is connected.
  • a centrifuge chamber 3 arranged around the vertical axis of rotation of the Frame 1 is rotatable.
  • the centrifuge chamber 3 has a top Shaft 4, which in a bearing 5 on the upper support plate 1b of the rotating frame 1 is stored. But it can also be arranged above the upper support plate his.
  • a flexible line 7 in which one or several tubes for feeding and draining the blood or Blood components in the centrifuge chamber 3 or from the centrifuge chamber can be summarized, led around the centrifuge chamber and connected to the bottom of the chamber.
  • the line 7 extends through a central recess 8 of the rotating frame 1.
  • a line support 9 is attached, which ends in an eyelet 10, in which the line 7 is fixed.
  • the line can also be loosely routed without being connected to the rotating frame.
  • Carrier disks 13, 14 in the form of a flat truncated cone around a common horizontal axles rotatably mounted on their conical surfaces 13a, 14a fixed magnets 15, 16 at constant intervals are.
  • the carrier disks 13, 14 themselves preferably consist of ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnets 15, 16 are on the peripheral surfaces 13a, 14a of the carrier disks 13, 14 arranged such that the magnetic poles each adjacent magnet of a carrier disc opposite each other are directed.
  • the carrier disks 13, 14 with the magnets 15, 16 adjust kind of a gear trained coupling elements 17, 18, the further coupling elements to form a gear in the magnetic Are intervention.
  • Coupling elements 17, 18 are in magnetic engagement with one hand third coupling element 19, which on the underside of the centrifuge chamber 3rd is attached, and on the other hand with a fourth coupling element 20 which with a stationary frame 52 is connected. While the carrier disks 13, 14 of the vertical coupling elements 17, 18 each an even number of Magnets are on the tapered surfaces 21a and 22a of the ferromagnetic Carrier disks 21 and 22 of the horizontal coupling elements 19 and 20 each have the same even number of magnets 23 and 24 in fixed distances distributed circumferentially attached.
  • the drive of the centrifuge chamber 3 and the rotating frame 1 works as follows.
  • the electric motor 2 drives the rotating frame 1 at the speed n.
  • the vertical coupling elements 17, 18 with the non-rotatable horizontal Coupling element 20 are magnetically engaged by the rotation of the rotating frame 1 driven in the opposite direction of rotation.
  • the vertical coupling elements 17, 18 in turn drive the Centrifuge chamber 3 connected horizontal coupling element 19 in the same direction of rotation, but at double speed. Since the rotating frame 1 the line 7 at half the speed as the centrifuge chamber 3 around Moving the chamber prevents the cable from twisting.
  • FIG 2 shows a second embodiment of the centrifuge in a schematic Presentation.
  • This embodiment differs from that below Reference to the embodiment described in Figure 1 in that the Carrier disks of the coupling elements are cylindrical and only a vertical one Coupling element is mounted on the side part of the rotating frame, the Rotating frame on the side opposite the vertical coupling element is open. The laterally opened rotating frame makes it easier to monitor the Phase boundary in the centrifuge chamber.
  • the rotating frame 25 in this embodiment consists of a lower one Frame half 26 and an upper frame half 27, the upper Frame half 27 pivotable about an axis on the lower frame half 26 is attached so that the rotating frame can be opened.
  • the shaft 29 is the Centrifuge chamber 30 rotatably mounted with the horizontal support plate 31 is connected, on the circumferential surface of the magnets 32 in constant Spaces are distributed circumferentially attached.
  • the carrier disk 33 of the vertical coupling element 34 which in the bearing 35 on the lower Frame half 26 is rotatably supported, carries the magnets 36 on its top along the circumference at constant intervals.
  • the vertical Coupling element 34 is on the one hand magnetic with that on the Centrifuge chamber 30 attached coupling element 37 and on the fixed frame 38 attached coupling member 39 in engagement, which like that Coupling element 37 of the centrifuge chamber 30 is formed.
  • the centrifuge chamber 30 and the rotating frame 25 are also driven the same electric motor 40, the output shaft 41 on the lower Frame half 26 of the rotating frame 25 is attached.
  • the electric motor 40 drives the rotating frame 25 at the speed n, the rotates Centrifuge chamber 30 with twice the speed 2n in the same direction of rotation.
  • the line for supplying and discharging the liquids into and out of the Centrifuge chamber is not shown in Figure 2.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic diagram of a centrifuge drive, in which the Coupling elements are designed as clutch disks.
  • the rotating frame 42 is rotatable about a vertical axis on a frame, not shown stored.
  • a hollow shaft is on the lower support plate 42a of the rotating frame 42 43 attached, which is a pulley 44, from which a drive belt 45 to a pulley attached to the output shaft 46 of an electric motor 47 48 leads.
  • the centrifuge chamber 49 is like that with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 described embodiments with a bearing 78 on the top Support plate 42b of the rotating frame 42 is rotatably mounted.
  • a circular disk-shaped carrier plate 50 is attached, on the circumferentially distributed magnets 51 in such a manner are attached that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets each other are directed in opposite directions.
  • the first clutch disc 53 is one second clutch disc 54 of the same structure with the magnets 54a magnetic in engagement. This is attached to a drive shaft 55, which is through the Hollow shaft 43 of the rotating frame 42 extends and in a bearing 56 which in the Hollow shaft 43 is inserted, rotatably mounted about the axis of the rotating frame 42 is.
  • the drive shaft 55 carries a pulley 79, of which a drive belt 57 leads to a pulley 58 which on the output shaft 46 of the Electric motor 47 is attached.
  • the pulley 44 of the hollow shaft 43 has the twice the diameter as the pulley 56 of the drive shaft 55, while those attached to the output shaft 46 of the electric motor 47 Pulleys 48, 58 have the same diameter, so that the Rotating frame 42 at half the speed of the drive shaft 55 Clutch disc 54 is driven in the same direction of rotation.
  • the on the Drive shaft 55 attached clutch plate 54 which with the on the Centrifuge chamber 49 attached clutch disc 53 magnetically in Intervention, the centrifuge chamber then also drives at double speed like the rotating frame in the same direction of rotation.
  • Line 59 to Feeding and removing the blood or blood components into and out of Centrifuge chamber is through the air gap between the clutch discs 53, 54 to the fixed connection point 59a.
  • FIG. 4b shows one of the clutch plates 61 in the Top view.
  • the magnets 62a, 62b are circumferential at constant intervals distributed arranged, the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets are directed in opposite directions.
  • the carrier plate 63 of the lower Coupling element 61 carries the magnets 63a, 63b on their upper side.
  • the Magnetic poles are designated North N and South S in FIG. If the Clutch discs 60, 61 are in magnetic engagement, are the magnets both clutch discs aligned so that each magnet opposite polarity.
  • the magnets have a right angle Have cross-section with the long side 63c and the narrow side 63d.
  • the magnets are arranged on the carrier disks along the circumference in such a way that whose longitudinal axes 63e intersect at the center 61a of the carrier disks 63.
  • the torque transmission is optimal if the distance a between the magnets of the opposing clutch discs 60, 61 in substantially equal to the distance b between the adjacent magnets Clutch disc is.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show a further embodiment of the blood centrifuge in a schematic representation.
  • the blood centrifuge has a fixed frame 65 and a frame 66 formed from a cylindrical lower frame half 66a and a cylindrical upper frame half 66b which is smaller Has diameter than the lower half of the frame.
  • the lower half of the frame 66a is rotatable about a vertical axis on the ball bearing 72 fixed frame 65 stored.
  • the upper frame half 66b takes the Centrifuge chamber 68, the shaft 68a with a ball bearing 70 on the upper plate of the rotating frame 66 rotatably mounted about the axis of the frame is.
  • On the underside of the centrifuge chamber 68 is a coupling element 69 attached that is designed in the manner of a clutch disc.
  • the Clutch disc 69 has a cylindrical ferromagnetic carrier plate 64 on the underside of which, at constant intervals, an even number, for example, circular disk-shaped magnets 64a alternating polarity N, S are arranged distributed ( Figure 5b).
  • Line 71 for supplying or removing the blood or the blood components is by a lateral opening of the frame led to the fixed connection point.
  • a drive shaft 73 is mounted, the is driven by an electric motor of a drive, not shown.
  • the Drive shaft 73 arranged laterally offset to the axis of rotation of frame 66 is designed with a second in the manner of a clutch disc Coupling element 74 connected in the lower frame half 66a is arranged.
  • the second clutch disc 74 has a ferromagnetic Carrier disk 75 with a larger diameter than the carrier disk 64 first clutch plate 69. At the top there is one even number of magnets 76, the number of which is 50% larger than that Number of magnets 64.
  • the second clutch disk 74 is on the one hand with the first clutch disk 69 magnetically in part over its circumference Intervention. On the other hand, the second clutch plate 74 is over part of it Circumferentially magnetically engaged with the rotating frame 66, on the circumference in constant distances, the magnets 77 in twice the number Magnets 64a are attached such that the magnetic poles N, S are adjacent Magnets are opposite to each other.
  • the centrifuge is operated as follows.
  • the second clutch disc 74 which is driven at a speed of 1.5 n drives the one with the Centrifuge chamber 68 connected first clutch disc 69 with the speed 2n and on the other hand the rotating frame 66 with the speed n in the same Direction of rotation as the centrifuge chamber 68.
  • FIGS 6a and 6b show a further embodiment of the blood centrifuge.
  • the blood centrifuge has a fixed frame 80 and a frame 81.
  • The is under frame half 81a with a ball bearing 82 about a vertical axis rotatably mounted on the stationary frame 80.
  • the upper frame half 81b, the pivotally attached to the lower frame half 81a or with the lower Half of the frame is in one piece, the centrifuge chamber 83 receives the shaft 84a on the upper plate of the frame 81 rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation is.
  • a first coupling element 84 attached that as a clutch disc with an even number of Magnet 85 is formed.
  • the line 86 for feeding or discharging the Blood or the blood components is through a side opening of the Swivel frame led to the fixed connection point.
  • second clutch plate 87 of the same diameter as the first Clutch disc 84 is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation of the frame.
  • the second clutch plate 87 is with two coupling rods 88a, 88b with one third coupling element 89 connected, also as a clutch disc is trained.
  • the coupling rods 88a, 88b are on the one hand on two opposite points of a circular line articulated with the second Clutch disc 87 and on the other hand at two opposite points a circular line of the same diameter on the third clutch disk 89 articulated (Fig. 6b).
  • the third clutch plate 89 has on its underside an even number of magnets 90 and is over part of their Scope magnetically engaged with the rotating frame 81, at the lower Plate arranged circumferentially distributed at constant intervals Magnets 91 in double the number of magnets 90 are attached.
  • the third Clutch disc 89 is connected to a drive shaft 92, which by a Electric motor of a drive, not shown, is driven.
  • the blood centrifuge operates as follows.
  • the third one Clutch disc 89 connected drive shaft 92 is at the speed 2n driven.
  • the third clutch disk 89 drives the frame 81 on the one hand the speed n and on the other hand via the coupling rods 88a, 88b the second Clutch plate 87 with the speed 2n, which in turn with the Centrifuge chamber 83 connected first clutch plate 84 with double Speed 2n as the frame 81 drives in the same direction of rotation.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the blood centrifuge in FIG schematic representation.
  • the blood centrifuge has a frame 130 on which a rotating frame 131 is rotatably supported.
  • the rotating frame 131 consists of a lower frame half 131a with a lower support plate 131b and two Sidewalls 131c, 131d and an upper frame half 131e with an upper one Support plate 131f and two side walls 131g, 131h.
  • On two the rotating frame is open on opposite sides.
  • the under support plate 131b of the rotating frame 131 is on a vertical axis 132 with a roller bearing 133 rotatably supported, which extends from the frame 130 into the frame 131 extends.
  • centrifuge chamber 135 On the upper support plate 131f of the rotating frame 131 is with a Roller bearing 134 a centrifuge chamber 135 around the axis of the rotating frame rotatably mounted. At the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 135 are Permanent magnets 136 on a circular line at constant intervals attached circumferentially distributed, the magnetic poles each adjacent Magnets are directed in opposite directions. In this respect corresponds to Centrifuge chamber in its construction that described above Centrifuge chambers.
  • a flexible line 138 in which a or several tubes for supplying and removing the blood or the Blood components into the centrifuge chamber 135 or out of the centrifuge chamber can be summarized, led around the centrifuge chamber and connected to the bottom of the chamber.
  • the line 138 extends through the laterally open rotating frame 131.
  • a line support 139 is attached, which in an eyelet 140th ends in which the line is fixed.
  • the line 138 can also be carried loosely be without being connected to the rotating frame 131.
  • a plate 141 is fastened to the vertical shaft 132 of the frame 130 carries a coil assembly 142. At the top of plate 141 is a first one Coil 142a attached while a second coil on the underside of the plate 142b is attached.
  • the two coils 142a, 142b are electrical Connection lines 143 to a control unit 144 in the frame 130 of the Blood centrifuge connected.
  • the blood centrifuge works as follows.
  • the first coil 142a creates a first magnetic rotating field, so that the centrifuge chamber 135 is driven, while the second coil 142b generates a second rotating magnetic field that drives the rotating frame 131.
  • the first and second coils 142a, 142b controlled by the control unit 144 such that the centrifuge chamber 135 at twice the speed 2n in the same direction as the Rotating frame 131 is driven. Because the side of the rotating frame lead out line 138 only at half the speed as that Centrifuge chamber rotates around it, twisting the line prevented.

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  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zentrifuge, insbesondere eine gleitdichtungsfreie Durchflußzentrifuge zum Zentrifugieren biologischer Fluide, beispielsweise Blut.The invention relates to a centrifuge, in particular a sliding seal-free one Flow centrifuge for centrifuging biological fluids, for example Blood.

Bei einer derartigen Zentrifuge wird das biologische Fluid im Durchfluß zentrifugiert, wobei das Fluid über eine Leitung in die bzw. aus der rotierenden Zentrifugenkammer strömt. Wegen der Relativbewegung von Zentrifugenkammer und ortsfester Anschlußstelle der Leitung erweist sich die Leitungsführung als problematisch. Herkömmliche Durchflußzentrifugen machen von Drehkupplungen Gebrauch, um ein Verzwirnen oder Verdrillen der Leitung zu vermeiden. Die DE-A-32 42 541 beschreibt eine gleitdichtungsfreie Blutzentrifuge, bei der die Leitung in einer Schleife mit der halben Drehzahl der Zentrifugenkammer um diese herumgeführt wird. Hierzu ist die Leitung mit einem Drehrahmen verbunden, der gegenüber der Zentrifugenkammer mit halber Drehzahl rotiert. Zum Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer und des Drehrahmens wird vorgeschlagen, den Drehrahmen mit einer Hohlwelle zu verbinden und den Antrieb für die Zentrifugenkammer mit einer sich durch die Hohlwelle erstreckenden Antriebswelle vorzunehmen. Zur Übertragung des Drehmoments von der Antriebswelle auf die Zentrifugenkammer findet bei der bekannten Zentrifuge ein Riemenantrieb Verwendung. Eine Blutzentrifuge mit einem Riemenantrieb ist auch aus der US-A-4 425 112 bekannt. Die WO 96/40322 beschreibt eine Blutzentrifuge, die sich durch einen sehr kompakten Aufbau auszeichnet. Der Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer und des Leitungsmitnehmers mit halber Drehzahl im gleichen Drehsinn wie die Kammer erfolgt über ein Zahnradgetriebe. Nachteilig sind die relativ großen Laufgeräusche der Zahnräder, die sowohl vom Spender als auch vom Personal als unangenehm empfunden werden. Zudem erfordert die Verwendung von Zahnrädern eine sehr genaue und damit aufwendige und teure Herstellung der Zentrifuge. Auch müssen die Zahnräder geschmiert werden, was nicht nur den Wartungsaufwand für die Zentrifuge erhöht, sondern auch zur Ansammlung von Staub und Verschmutzung führt. Daher sollte das Getriebe vollständig geschlossen sein. Die Anordnung des Getriebes in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse führt aber wiederum zu Problemen bei der Ableitung der entstehenden Verlustwärme. Darüber hinaus sind die Zahnräder einem stetigen Verschleiß unterworfen.With such a centrifuge, the biological fluid flows through centrifuged, the fluid via a line in or out of the rotating Centrifuge chamber flows. Because of the relative movement of The centrifuge chamber and fixed connection point of the line proves to be the Cable routing as problematic. Conventional flow centrifuges make use of rotary couplings to twist or twist the Avoid line. DE-A-32 42 541 describes a sliding seal-free Blood centrifuge, with the line in a loop at half the speed the centrifuge chamber is guided around it. For this, the line is with connected to a rotating frame opposite the centrifuge chamber half speed rotates. To drive the centrifuge chamber and the Rotating frame is proposed to the rotating frame with a hollow shaft connect and drive the centrifuge chamber with one through the Make hollow shaft extending drive shaft. To transfer the Torque from the drive shaft to the centrifuge chamber takes place at the known centrifuge use a belt drive. A blood centrifuge with a belt drive is also known from US-A-4 425 112. The WHERE 96/40322 describes a blood centrifuge that is characterized by a very compact Structure distinguished. The drive of the centrifuge chamber and the Line driver at half speed in the same direction as the chamber takes place via a gear transmission. The relatively large running noises are a disadvantage Gears that both donors and staff find uncomfortable become. In addition, the use of gears requires a very precise and therefore complex and expensive manufacture of the centrifuge. The gears also need to lubricated, which not only increases the maintenance effort for the centrifuge, but also leads to the accumulation of dust and pollution. Therefore, that should Gearbox must be completely closed. The arrangement of the transmission in one closed housing in turn leads to problems in deriving the resulting heat loss. In addition, the gears are steady Subject to wear.

Die US-A-4,226,669 beschreibt eine Zentrifuge mit nur einem Antriebsstrang. Der Antriebsstrang umfaßt zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Kopplungselemente, die magnetisch im Eingriff sind. Die Kopplungselemente sind kreisscheibenförmige Körper gleichen Durchmessers, die an ihrer Ober- und Unterseite umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnete Magnete wechselnder Polarität tragen.US-A-4,226,669 describes a centrifuge with only one drive train. The The drive train comprises two coupling elements which are arranged at a distance from one another and which are magnetically engaged. The coupling elements are circular disk-shaped bodies same diameter, distributed circumferentially on their top and bottom wear arranged magnets of alternating polarity.

Die WO 96/04996 beschreibt eine Zentrifuge, deren Zentrifugenkammer als Rotor eines Elekromotors ausgebildet ist. Es handelt sich bei der bekannten Zentrifuge aber nicht um eine Durchflußzentrifuge, bei der sich das Problem des Verzwirnens oder Verdrillens der Leitung stellt. Aus der DE-A-40 08 945 ist eine Zentrifuge bekannt, deren Antrieb einen Stator mit vier ortsfesten Magnetspulen und einem ringförmigen Element mit Magneten aufweist. Auch bei dieser Zentrifuge stellt sich nicht das Problem der Leitungsführung.WO 96/04996 describes a centrifuge, the centrifuge chamber of which is a rotor Electric motor is formed. However, the known centrifuge is not a flow centrifuge, where the problem of twisting or twisting the Line provides. From DE-A-40 08 945 a centrifuge is known, the drive of which Stator with four fixed magnet coils and an annular element with magnets having. This centrifuge also does not pose the problem of cable routing.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gleitdichtungsfreie Zentrifuge mit geringen Laufgeräuschen zu schaffen, deren Antrieb weitgehend wartungsfrei ist und die mit hohen Drehzahlen und verhältnismäßig geringer Antriebsleistung betrieben werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a centrifuge free of mechanical seals to create low running noise, the drive is largely maintenance-free and be operated at high speeds and relatively low drive power can.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfmdungsgemäß mit den im Patentanspruch 1, 12, 13, 14 bzw. 16 angegebenen Merkmalen. This object is achieved, according to the invention, with those in patent claims 1, 12, 13, 14 and 16 specified features.

Die erfindungsgemäße Zentrifuge umfaßt zwei Antriebsstränge, wobei der erste Antriebsstrang zur Übertragung des Drehmoments auf die Zentrifugenkammer und der zweite Antriebsstrang zur Übertragung des Drehmoments auf den Drehrahmen dient. Der Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer und des Drehrahmens kann dabei über einen gemeinsamen Motor oder getrennte Motoren erfolgen. The centrifuge according to the invention comprises two drive trains, the first Drive train for transmitting the torque to the centrifuge chamber and the second drive train is used to transmit the torque to the rotating frame. The drive of the centrifuge chamber and the rotating frame can be via a common engine or separate engines.

Der erste und/oder zweite Antriebsstrang weist zur Übertragung des Drehmoments im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Kopplungselemente auf, die derart beschaffen sind, daß das Drehmoment mittels magnetischer Kräfte übertragbar ist. Die Kraftübertragung erfolgt berührungslos und verschleißfrei. Eine Schmierung ist nicht erforderlich, wodurch auch die Ansammlung von Staub und Schmutz verringert wird. Darüber hinaus ist die Geräuschentwicklung gering. Von Vorteil ist auch, daß die Leitung zum Zuführen und/oder Abführen des Fluids durch den Spalt zwischen den Kopplungselementen geführt werden kann, so daß die räumliche Anordnung der Antriebselemente vereinfacht ist. Die Kopplungselemente können mit der Zentrifugenkammer bzw. dem Drehrahmen einstückig sein. Sie können aber auch räumlich von der Zentrifugenkammer und dem Drehrahmen getrennt sein, wobei die Übertragung des Drehmomentes von dem jeweiligen Kopplungselement auf die Zentrifugenkammer bzw. den Drehrahmen über weitere Kopplungselemente, die magnetisch im Eingriff sind, oder weitere Getriebeglieder unterschiedlichster Ausbildung erfolgen kann. Die Magnete können an der Ober- oder Unterseite der Kupplungsscheiben befestigt sein. Sie können aber auch in die Kupplungsscheiben integriert bzw. einstückiger Bestandteil der Zentrifugenkammer sein. Beispielsweise können die Spalte zwischen den Magneten zur Erzielung glatter Oberflächen mit einer Vergußmasse ausgefüllt sein.The first and / or second drive train has to transmit the Torque spaced coupling elements on the are such that the torque by means of magnetic forces is transferable. The power transmission is contactless and wear-free. Lubrication is not required, which also causes the accumulation of Dust and dirt is reduced. In addition, the noise level low. It is also advantageous that the line for feeding and / or discharging of the fluid are passed through the gap between the coupling elements can, so that the spatial arrangement of the drive elements is simplified. The Coupling elements can be connected to the centrifuge chamber or the rotating frame be in one piece. But you can also spatially from the centrifuge chamber and be separated from the rotating frame, the transmission of the torque of the respective coupling element on the centrifuge chamber or Rotating frame via further coupling elements that are magnetically engaged, or other gear members of various training can be done. The Magnets can be attached to the top or bottom of the clutch discs his. However, they can also be integrated into the clutch discs or be an integral part of the centrifuge chamber. For example, the Gap between the magnets to achieve smooth surfaces with a Potting compound must be filled out.

In Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, daß ein relativ großes Drehmoment insbesondere dann übertragen werden kann, wenn die Kopplungselemente Magnete aufweisen, die auf einer Kreislinie derart angeordnet sind, daß die Magnetpole benachbarter Magnete eines Kopplungselementes einander entgegengesetzt sind. Vorzugsweise sind die Magnete Permanentmagnete. Zur Übertragung des Drehmonentes können prinzipiell aber auch Elektromagnete Verwendung finden.Experiments have shown that a relatively large torque in particular can be transmitted if the coupling elements have magnets, which are arranged on a circular line such that the magnetic poles are adjacent Magnets of a coupling element are opposite to each other. The magnets are preferably permanent magnets. To transfer the In principle, however, electromagnets can also be used.

Die Kopplungselemente können nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet sein. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Zentrifuge sind in dem ersten und/oder zweiten Antriebsstrang zwei um eine gemeinsame Achse drehbar gelagerte und nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildete Kopplungselemente vorgesehen, wobei die Magnete auf der Ober- oder Unterseite der Kopplungselemente entlang der Kreislinie einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Eine derartige Anordnung dient zur Übertragung von Drehmomenten bei fluchtenden Wellen des Antriebsstrangs.The coupling elements can be designed in the manner of a clutch disc his. In a preferred embodiment the centrifuge are in the first and / or second drive train two rotatable about a common axis mounted and designed in the manner of a clutch disc coupling elements provided with the magnets on the top or bottom of the Coupling elements arranged along the circular line opposite one another are. Such an arrangement serves for the transmission of torques aligned driveline shafts.

Es hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, daß eine Übertragung eines relativ großen Drehmomentes selbst dann möglich ist, wenn die Kupplungsscheiben um zwei parallele Achsen drehbar gelagert sind, wobei die Magnete auf der Oberoder Unterseite der Kopplungselemente nur entlang eines Teils der Kreislinie einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Eine derartige Anordnung dient zur Übertragung von Drehmomenten bei nicht fluchtenden Wellen.Surprisingly, it has been shown that a transfer of a relative large torque is possible even when the clutch plates around two parallel axes are rotatably supported, the magnets on the upper or Bottom of the coupling elements only along part of the circular line are arranged opposite each other. Such an arrangement is used for Torque transmission for non-aligned shafts.

Die Kopplungselemente können aber auch nach Art eines Zahnrades ausgebildet sein. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind in dem ersten und/oder zweiten Antriebsstrang der Zentrifuge zwei Kopplungselemente vorgesehen, die um rechtwinklig zueinander verlaufende Achsen drehbar gelagert sind. Die Kopplungselemente können als kegelstumpfförmige Körper ausgebildet sein, an deren Kegelflächen die Magnete angeordnet sind, oder die Kopplungselemente können als scheibenförmige Körper ausgebildet sein, wobei die Magnete an deren Oberseite- oder Unterseite angeordnet sind.However, the coupling elements can also be designed in the manner of a gearwheel his. In a preferred embodiment, the first and / or second drive train of the centrifuge provided two coupling elements are rotatably mounted about mutually perpendicular axes. The Coupling elements can be designed as a truncated cone-shaped body whose conical surfaces are arranged the magnets, or the coupling elements can be designed as a disc-shaped body, with the magnets on whose top or bottom are arranged.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform haben die Magnete einen rechteckförmigen Querschnitt mit einer Schmalseite und einer Längsseite. An den kreisscheibenförmigen Kopplungselementen sind die Magnete vorzugsweise derart angeordnet, daß deren Längsachsen in radialer Richtung verlaufen. Diese Anordnung erlaubt die Übertragung eines besonders großen Drehmomentes bei geringem Winkelversatz. Der seitliche Abstand zwischen den Magneten eines Kopplungselements ist dann optimal, wenn dieser im wesentlichen dem Abstand zwischen dem Magneten des einen Kopplungselements und dem gegenüberliegenden Magneten des anderen Kopplungselements entspricht, das mit dem einen Kopplungselement magnetisch im Eingriff ist.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the magnets have one rectangular cross section with a narrow side and a long side. On The magnets are preferred in the form of circular coupling elements arranged such that their longitudinal axes run in the radial direction. This The arrangement allows the transmission of a particularly large torque low angular misalignment. The lateral distance between the magnets of one Coupling element is optimal if this is essentially the distance between the magnet of the one coupling element and the opposite magnets of the other coupling element corresponds to that is magnetically engaged with the one coupling element.

Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Blutzentrifuge, die aber auf dem gleichen Prinzip beruht, nämlich dem Prinzip der magnetischen Kopplung, umfaßt die Zentrifuge einen Stator mit einer Spulenanordnung zur Erzeugung eines ersten und eines zweiten Magnetfeldes sowie Mittel zur magnetischen Kopplung des Drehrahmens derart, daß die Zentrifugenkammer durch das erste Magnetfeld des Stators antreibbar ist und Mittel zur magnetischen Kopplung der Zentrifugenkammer derart, daß die Zentrifugenkammer durch das zweite Magnetfeld des Stators antreibbar ist. Die Magnetfelder des Stators sind derart ausgebildet, daß die Zentrifugenkammer mit der doppelten Drehzahl in der gleichen Drehrichtung wie der Drehrahmen angetrieben wird.In an alternative embodiment of the blood centrifuge, but on the is based on the same principle, namely the principle of magnetic coupling, the centrifuge comprises a stator with a coil arrangement for generation a first and a second magnetic field and means for magnetic Coupling of the rotating frame so that the centrifuge chamber through the first Magnetic field of the stator can be driven and means for magnetic coupling of the Centrifuge chamber such that the centrifuge chamber through the second Magnetic field of the stator can be driven. The magnetic fields of the stator are like this trained that the centrifuge chamber at twice the speed in the same direction of rotation as the rotating frame is driven.

Der entscheidende Vorteil der alternativen Ausführungsform liegt in dem besonders kompakten Aufbau. Sie zeichnet sich weiterhin durch geringe Laufgeräusche sowie weitgehende Wartungsfreiheit aus und kann mit hohen Drehzahlen und verhältnismäßig geringer Antriebleistung betrieben werden.The decisive advantage of the alternative embodiment is that particularly compact design. It continues to be characterized by low Running noise and extensive freedom from maintenance and can with high Speeds and relatively low drive power are operated.

Der Drehrahmen der Zentrifuge weist vorzugsweise eine obere und eine untere Tragplatte auf, wobei die Zentrifugenkammer an der oberen Tragplatte drehbar gelagert und der Stator zwischen der Zentrifugenkammer und der unteren Tragplatte angeordnet ist. Durch den Luftspalt zwischen Zentrifugenkammer und Stator kann die an die Zentrifugenkammer angeschlossene Leitung zu der ortsfesten Anschlußstelle geführt werden.The rotating frame of the centrifuge preferably has an upper and a lower one Support plate on, wherein the centrifuge chamber is rotatable on the upper support plate stored and the stator between the centrifuge chamber and the lower one Support plate is arranged. Through the air gap between the centrifuge chamber and the stator can connect the line connected to the centrifuge chamber to the be fixed junction.

Die Mittel zur magnetischen Kopplung des Drehrahmens bzw. der Zentrifugenkammer sind vorzugsweise an dem Drehrahmen bzw. der Zentrifugenkammer angeordnete Permanentmagnete, die an der Unterseite der Zentrifugenkammer bzw. der unteren Tragplatte des Drehrahmens umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind, wobei die Magnetpole jeweils benachbarter Magnete einander entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Der Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer bzw. des Drehrahmens erfolgt mittels magnetischer Drehfelder, die von den Spulenelementen erzeugt werden.The means for magnetic coupling of the rotating frame or Centrifuge chambers are preferably on the rotating frame or Centrifugal chamber arranged permanent magnets, which are on the underside of the Centrifuge chamber or the lower support plate of the rotating frame are arranged circumferentially distributed, the magnetic poles in each case neighboring magnets are directed opposite to each other. The drive of the The centrifuge chamber or the rotating frame is magnetic Fields of rotation generated by the coil elements.

Im folgenden werden mehrere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The following are several embodiments of the invention Reference to the drawings explained in more detail.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine erste Ausführungsform einer Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung, wobei die Kopplungselemente nach Art eines Zahnrades ausgebildet sind,
Figur 2
eine zweite Ausführungsform der Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung, wobei die Kopplungselemente nach Art eines Zahnrades ausgebildet sind,
Figur 3
eine dritte Ausführungsform der Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung, wobei die Kopplungselemente nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet sind,
Figur 4
die Anordnung der Magnete auf den Kupplungsscheiben,
Figur 5a
eine vierte Ausführungsform einer Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung, wobei die Kopplungselemente nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet sind,
Figur 5b
eine Prinzipskizze zur Veranschaulichung der Anordnung der Magnete auf den Kupplungsscheiben der Zentrifuge von Figur 5a,
Figur 6a
eine fünfte Ausführungsform der Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung, wobei die Kopplungselemente nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet sind,
Figur 6b
eine Prinzipskizze zur Veranschaulichung der Anordnung der Magnete auf den Kupplungsscheiben der Zentrifuge von Figur 6a und
Figur 7
eine alternative Ausführungsform der Blutzentrifuge, bei der die Zentrifugenkammer und der Drehrahmen mittels magnetischer Drehfelder angetrieben werden.
Show it:
Figure 1
A first embodiment of a centrifuge in a schematic representation, wherein the coupling elements are designed in the manner of a gear,
Figure 2
a second embodiment of the centrifuge in a schematic representation, wherein the coupling elements are designed in the manner of a gear,
Figure 3
A third embodiment of the centrifuge in a schematic representation, wherein the coupling elements are designed in the manner of a clutch disc,
Figure 4
the arrangement of the magnets on the clutch discs,
Figure 5a
a fourth embodiment of a centrifuge in a schematic representation, wherein the coupling elements are designed in the manner of a clutch disc,
Figure 5b
4 shows a schematic diagram to illustrate the arrangement of the magnets on the clutch discs of the centrifuge from FIG. 5a,
Figure 6a
a fifth embodiment of the centrifuge in a schematic representation, the coupling elements being designed in the manner of a clutch disc,
Figure 6b
a schematic diagram to illustrate the arrangement of the magnets on the clutch discs of the centrifuge of Figure 6a and
Figure 7
an alternative embodiment of the blood centrifuge, in which the centrifuge chamber and the rotating frame are driven by means of rotating magnetic fields.

Figur 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform einer gleitdichtungsfreien Zentrifuge zum Zentrifugieren biologischer Fluide, insbesondere Blut, in schematischer Darstellung. Die Zentrifuge weist einen Drehrahmen 1 mit einer unteren und oberen Tragplatte 1a, 1b sowie zwei Seitenteilen 1c, 1d, auf. Der Drehrahmen 1 wird von einem Elektromotor 2 angetrieben, dessen Abtriebswelle 2a mit der unteren Tragplatte 1a des Drehrahmens verbunden ist. In dem Drehrahmen ist eine Zentrifugenkammer 3 angeordnet, die um die vertikale Drehachse des Rahmens 1 drehbar ist. Die Zentrifugenkammer 3 weist an ihrer Oberseite eine Welle 4 auf, die in einem Lager 5 an der oberen Tragplatte 1b des Drehrahmens 1 gelagert ist. Sie kann aber auch oberhalb der oberen Tragplatte angeordnet sein.Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a centrifuge free of mechanical seals for centrifuging biological fluids, especially blood, in a schematic Presentation. The centrifuge has a rotating frame 1 with a lower and upper support plate 1a, 1b and two side parts 1c, 1d. The rotating frame 1 is driven by an electric motor 2, the output shaft 2a with the lower support plate 1a of the rotating frame is connected. Is in the rotating frame a centrifuge chamber 3 arranged around the vertical axis of rotation of the Frame 1 is rotatable. The centrifuge chamber 3 has a top Shaft 4, which in a bearing 5 on the upper support plate 1b of the rotating frame 1 is stored. But it can also be arranged above the upper support plate his.

Von einer ortsfesten Anschlußstelle 6 ist eine flexible Leitung 7, in der ein oder mehrere Schläuche zum Zuführen und Abführen des Blutes bzw. der Blutbestandteile in die Zentrifugenkammer 3 bzw. aus der Zentrifugenkammer zusammengefaßt sein können, um die Zentrifugenkammer herumgeführt und an der Unterseite der Kammer angeschlossen. Die Leitung 7 erstreckt sich durch eine mittlere Ausnehmung 8 des Drehrahmens 1. An einem Seitenteil 1d des Drehrahmens 1 ist eine Leitungsstütze 9 angebracht, die in einer Öse 10 endet, in der die Leitung 7 fixiert ist. Die Leitung kann aber auch lose geführt sein, ohne daß sie mit dem Drehrahmen verbunden ist.From a fixed connection point 6 is a flexible line 7 in which one or several tubes for feeding and draining the blood or Blood components in the centrifuge chamber 3 or from the centrifuge chamber can be summarized, led around the centrifuge chamber and connected to the bottom of the chamber. The line 7 extends through a central recess 8 of the rotating frame 1. On a side part 1d of the Rotating frame 1, a line support 9 is attached, which ends in an eyelet 10, in which the line 7 is fixed. The line can also be loosely routed without being connected to the rotating frame.

An den Seitenteilen 1c, 1d des Drehrahmens 1 sind in den Lagern 11, 12 zwei Trägerscheiben 13, 14 in Form eines flachen Kegelstumpfes um eine gemeinsame horizontale Aches drehbar gelagert, an deren Kegelflächen 13a, 14a in gleichbleibenden Abständen Permanentmagnete 15, 16 befestigt sind. Die Trägerscheiben 13, 14 selbst bestehen vorzugsweise aus ferromagnetischen Material. Die Magnete 15, 16 sind an den Umfangsflächen 13a, 14a der Trägerscheiben 13, 14 derart angeordnet, daß die Magnetpole jeweils benachbarter Magnete einer Trägerscheibe einander entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Die Trägerscheiben 13, 14 mit den Magneten 15, 16 stellen nach Art eines Zahnrades ausgebildete Kopplungselemente 17, 18 dar, die mit weiteren Kopplungselementen unter Bildung eines Getriebes im magnetischen Eingriff sind.On the side parts 1c, 1d of the rotating frame 1 there are two in the bearings 11, 12 Carrier disks 13, 14 in the form of a flat truncated cone around a common horizontal axles rotatably mounted on their conical surfaces 13a, 14a fixed magnets 15, 16 at constant intervals are. The carrier disks 13, 14 themselves preferably consist of ferromagnetic material. The magnets 15, 16 are on the peripheral surfaces 13a, 14a of the carrier disks 13, 14 arranged such that the magnetic poles each adjacent magnet of a carrier disc opposite each other are directed. The carrier disks 13, 14 with the magnets 15, 16 adjust Kind of a gear trained coupling elements 17, 18, the further coupling elements to form a gear in the magnetic Are intervention.

Die an den Seitenteilen 1c, 1d des Drehrahmens 1 drehbar gelagerten Kopplungselemente 17, 18 sind einerseits im magnetischen Eingriff mit einem dritten Kopplungselement 19, das an der Unterseite der Zentrifugenkammer 3 befestigt ist, und andererseits mit einem vierten Kopplungselement 20, das mit einem ortsfesten Gestell 52 verbunden ist. Während die Trägerscheiben 13, 14 der vertikalen Kopplungselemente 17, 18 jeweils eine gradzahlige Anzahl von Magneten tragen, sind an den Kegelflächen 21a und 22a der ferromagnetischen Trägerscheiben 21 und 22 der horizontalen Kopplungselemente 19 und 20 jeweils gleiche ebenfalls gradzahlige Anzahl von Magneten 23 und 24 in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt befestigt.The rotatably mounted on the side parts 1c, 1d of the rotating frame 1 Coupling elements 17, 18 are in magnetic engagement with one hand third coupling element 19, which on the underside of the centrifuge chamber 3rd is attached, and on the other hand with a fourth coupling element 20 which with a stationary frame 52 is connected. While the carrier disks 13, 14 of the vertical coupling elements 17, 18 each an even number of Magnets are on the tapered surfaces 21a and 22a of the ferromagnetic Carrier disks 21 and 22 of the horizontal coupling elements 19 and 20 each have the same even number of magnets 23 and 24 in fixed distances distributed circumferentially attached.

Der Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer 3 und des Drehrahmens 1 arbeitet wie folgt. Der Elektromotor 2 treibt den Drehrahmen 1 mit der Drehzahl n an. Die vertikalen Kopplungselemente 17, 18, die mit dem drehfesten horizontalen Kopplungselement 20 magnetisch im Eingriff sind, werden durch die Rotation des Drehrahmens 1 in entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung angetrieben. Die vertikalen Kopplungselemente 17, 18 treiben wiederum das mit der Zentrifugenkammer 3 verbundene horizontale Kopplungselement 19 in der gleichen Drehrichtung, aber mit doppelter Drehzahl an. Da der Drehrahmen 1 die Leitung 7 mit der halben Drehzahl wie die Zentrifugenkammer 3 um die Kammer bewegt, wird ein Verdrillen der Leitung vermieden.The drive of the centrifuge chamber 3 and the rotating frame 1 works as follows. The electric motor 2 drives the rotating frame 1 at the speed n. The vertical coupling elements 17, 18 with the non-rotatable horizontal Coupling element 20 are magnetically engaged by the rotation of the rotating frame 1 driven in the opposite direction of rotation. The vertical coupling elements 17, 18 in turn drive the Centrifuge chamber 3 connected horizontal coupling element 19 in the same direction of rotation, but at double speed. Since the rotating frame 1 the line 7 at half the speed as the centrifuge chamber 3 around Moving the chamber prevents the cable from twisting.

Figur 2 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform der Zentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung. Dieses Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von der unter Bezugnahme auf die Figur 1 beschriebenen Ausführungsform dadurch, daß die Trägerscheiben der Kopplungselemente zylindrisch sind und nur ein vertikales Kopplungselement an dem Seitenteil des Drehrahmens gelagert ist, wobei der Drehrahmen an der dem vertikalen Kopplungselement gegenüberliegenden Seite geöffnet ist. Der seitlich geöffnete Drehrahmen erleichtert die Überwachung der Phasengrenze in der Zentrifugenkammer.Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the centrifuge in a schematic Presentation. This embodiment differs from that below Reference to the embodiment described in Figure 1 in that the Carrier disks of the coupling elements are cylindrical and only a vertical one Coupling element is mounted on the side part of the rotating frame, the Rotating frame on the side opposite the vertical coupling element is open. The laterally opened rotating frame makes it easier to monitor the Phase boundary in the centrifuge chamber.

Der Drehrahmen 25 besteht bei dieser Ausführungsform aus einer unteren Rahmenhälfte 26 und einer oberen Rahmenhälfte 27, wobei die obere Rahmenhälfte 27 um eine Achse schwenkbar an der unteren Rahmenhälfte 26 befestigt ist, so daß der Drehrahmen aufklappbar ist.The rotating frame 25 in this embodiment consists of a lower one Frame half 26 and an upper frame half 27, the upper Frame half 27 pivotable about an axis on the lower frame half 26 is attached so that the rotating frame can be opened.

In dem Lager 28 der oberen Rahmenhälfte 27 ist die Welle 29 der Zentrifugenkammer 30 drehbar gelagert, die mit der horizontalen Trägerscheibe 31 verbunden ist, an deren Umfangsfläche die Magnete 32 in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt befestigt sind. Die Trägerscheibe 33 des vertikalen Kopplungselements 34, das in dem Lager 35 an der unteren Rahmenhälfte 26 drehbar gelagert ist, trägt die Magnete 36 an seiner Oberseite entlang des Umfangs in gleichbleibenden Abständen. Das vertikale Kopplungselement 34 ist einerseits magnetisch mit dem an der Zentrifugenkammer 30 angebrachten Kopplungselement 37 und dem an dem ortsfesten Gestell 38 befestigten Kopplungselement 39 im Eingriff, das wie das Kopplungselement 37 der Zentrifugenkammer 30 ausgebildet ist. In the bearing 28 of the upper frame half 27, the shaft 29 is the Centrifuge chamber 30 rotatably mounted with the horizontal support plate 31 is connected, on the circumferential surface of the magnets 32 in constant Spaces are distributed circumferentially attached. The carrier disk 33 of the vertical coupling element 34, which in the bearing 35 on the lower Frame half 26 is rotatably supported, carries the magnets 36 on its top along the circumference at constant intervals. The vertical Coupling element 34 is on the one hand magnetic with that on the Centrifuge chamber 30 attached coupling element 37 and on the fixed frame 38 attached coupling member 39 in engagement, which like that Coupling element 37 of the centrifuge chamber 30 is formed.

Der Antrieb der Zentrifugenkammer 30 und des Drehrahmens 25 erfolgt mit dem gleichen Elektromotor 40, dessen Abtriebswelle 41 an der unteren Rahmenhälfte 26 des Drehrahmens 25 befestigt ist. Wenn der Elektromotor 40 den Drehrahmen 25 mit der Drehzahl n antreibt, dreht sich die Zentrifugenkammer 30 mit der doppelten Drehzahl 2n in gleicher Drehrichtung. Die Leitung zum Zuführen und Abführen der Flüssigkeiten in bzw. aus der Zentrifugenkammer ist in Figur 2 nicht dargestellt.The centrifuge chamber 30 and the rotating frame 25 are also driven the same electric motor 40, the output shaft 41 on the lower Frame half 26 of the rotating frame 25 is attached. When the electric motor 40 drives the rotating frame 25 at the speed n, the rotates Centrifuge chamber 30 with twice the speed 2n in the same direction of rotation. The line for supplying and discharging the liquids into and out of the Centrifuge chamber is not shown in Figure 2.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze eines Zentrifugenantriebs, bei der die Kopplungselemente als Kupplungsscheiben ausgebildet sind. Der Drehrahmen 42 ist um eine vertikale Achse an einem nicht dargestellten Gestell drehbar gelagert. An der unteren Tragplatte 42a des Drehrahmens 42 ist eine Hohlwelle 43 befestigt, die eine Riemenscheibe 44 beträgt, von der ein Treibriemen 45 zu einer an der Abtriebswelle 46 eines Elektromotors 47 befestigten Riemenscheibe 48 führt.Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a centrifuge drive, in which the Coupling elements are designed as clutch disks. The rotating frame 42 is rotatable about a vertical axis on a frame, not shown stored. A hollow shaft is on the lower support plate 42a of the rotating frame 42 43 attached, which is a pulley 44, from which a drive belt 45 to a pulley attached to the output shaft 46 of an electric motor 47 48 leads.

Die Zentrifugenkammer 49 ist wie bei den unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren 1 und 2 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen mit einem Lager 78 an der oberen Tragplatte 42b des Drehrahmens 42 drehbar gelagert. An der Unterseite der Zentrifugenkammer 49 ist eine kreisscheibenförmige Trägerplatte 50 befestigt, an der in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt Magnete 51 derart angebracht sind, daß die Magnetpole jeweils benachbarter Magnete einander entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Mit der ersten Kupplungsscheibe 53 ist eine zweite Kupplungsscheibe 54 gleichen Aufbaus mit den Magneten 54a magnetisch im Eingriff. Diese ist an einer Antriebswelle 55 befestigt, die sich durch die Hohlwelle 43 des Drehrahmens 42 erstreckt und in einem Lager 56, das in die Hohlwelle 43 eingesetzt ist, um die Achse des Drehrahmens 42 drehbar gelagert ist. Die Antriebswelle 55 trägt eine Riemenscheibe 79, von der ein Treibriemen 57 zu einer Riemenscheibe 58 führt, die an der Abtriebswelle 46 des Elektromotors 47 befestigt ist. Die Riemenscheibe 44 der Hohlwelle 43 hat den doppelten Durchmesser wie die Riemenscheibe 56 der Antriebswelle 55, während die an der Abtriebswelle 46 des Elektromotors 47 befestigten Riemenscheiben 48, 58 den gleichen Durchmesser haben, so daß der Drehrahmen 42 mit der halben Drehzahl wie die Antriebswelle 55 der Kupplungsscheibe 54 in der gleichen Drehrichtung angetrieben wird. Die an der Antriebswelle 55 befestigte Kupplungsscheibe 54, die mit der an der Zentrifugenkammer 49 angebrachten Kupplungsscheibe 53 magnetisch im Eingriff ist, treibt dann die Zentrifugenkammer ebenfalls mit doppelter Drehzahl wie der Drehrahmen in der gleichen Drehrichtung an. Die Leitung 59 zum Zuführen und Abführen des Blutes bzw. der Blutbestandteile in die bzw. aus der Zentrifugenkammer ist durch den Luftspalt zwischen den Kupplungsscheiben 53, 54 zu der ortsfesten Anschlußstelle 59a geführt.The centrifuge chamber 49 is like that with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 described embodiments with a bearing 78 on the top Support plate 42b of the rotating frame 42 is rotatably mounted. At the bottom of the Centrifuge chamber 49 a circular disk-shaped carrier plate 50 is attached, on the circumferentially distributed magnets 51 in such a manner are attached that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets each other are directed in opposite directions. With the first clutch disc 53 is one second clutch disc 54 of the same structure with the magnets 54a magnetic in engagement. This is attached to a drive shaft 55, which is through the Hollow shaft 43 of the rotating frame 42 extends and in a bearing 56 which in the Hollow shaft 43 is inserted, rotatably mounted about the axis of the rotating frame 42 is. The drive shaft 55 carries a pulley 79, of which a drive belt 57 leads to a pulley 58 which on the output shaft 46 of the Electric motor 47 is attached. The pulley 44 of the hollow shaft 43 has the twice the diameter as the pulley 56 of the drive shaft 55, while those attached to the output shaft 46 of the electric motor 47 Pulleys 48, 58 have the same diameter, so that the Rotating frame 42 at half the speed of the drive shaft 55 Clutch disc 54 is driven in the same direction of rotation. The on the Drive shaft 55 attached clutch plate 54, which with the on the Centrifuge chamber 49 attached clutch disc 53 magnetically in Intervention, the centrifuge chamber then also drives at double speed like the rotating frame in the same direction of rotation. Line 59 to Feeding and removing the blood or blood components into and out of Centrifuge chamber is through the air gap between the clutch discs 53, 54 to the fixed connection point 59a.

Ein Schnitt durch zwei Kupplungsscheiben 60, 61, die magnetisch im Eingriff sind, zeigt Figur 4a. Figur 4b zeigt eine der Kupplungsscheiben 61 in der Draufsicht. An der Unterseite der Trägerplatte 62 der oberen Kupplungsscheibe 60 sind die Magnete 62a, 62b in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnet, wobei die Magnetpole einander benachbarter Magnete entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Die Trägerscheibe 63 des unteren Kupplungselements 61 trägt die Magnete 63a, 63b an ihrer Oberseite. Die Magnetpole sind in Figur 1 mit Nord N und Süd S bezeichnet. Wenn die Kupplungsscheiben 60, 61 im magnetischen Eingriff sind, sind die Magnete beider Kupplungsscheiben derart ausgerichtet, daß jeweils Magnete entgegengesetzter Polarität sich gegenüberliegen. Es hat sich in Versuchen gezeigt, daß ein besonders großes Drehmoment bei geringem Winkelversatz dann übertragen werden kann, wenn die Magnete einen rechtwinkligen Querschnitt mit der Längsseite 63c und der Schmalseite 63d haben. Die Magnete sind auf den Trägerscheiben entlang des Umfangs derart angeordnet, daß sich deren Längsachsen 63e im Mittelpunkt 61a der Trägerscheiben 63 schneiden. Die Drehmomentübertragung ist dann optimal, wenn der Abstand a zwischen den Magneten der sich gegenüberliegenden Kupplungsscheiben 60, 61 im wesentlichen gleich dem Abstand b zwischen den benachbarten Magneten einer Kupplungscheibe ist.A section through two clutch plates 60, 61, which are magnetically engaged 4a shows. Figure 4b shows one of the clutch plates 61 in the Top view. On the underside of the carrier plate 62 of the upper clutch disc 60, the magnets 62a, 62b are circumferential at constant intervals distributed arranged, the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets are directed in opposite directions. The carrier plate 63 of the lower Coupling element 61 carries the magnets 63a, 63b on their upper side. The Magnetic poles are designated North N and South S in FIG. If the Clutch discs 60, 61 are in magnetic engagement, are the magnets both clutch discs aligned so that each magnet opposite polarity. It has been tried shown that a particularly large torque with little angular misalignment can then be transmitted if the magnets have a right angle Have cross-section with the long side 63c and the narrow side 63d. The magnets are arranged on the carrier disks along the circumference in such a way that whose longitudinal axes 63e intersect at the center 61a of the carrier disks 63. The torque transmission is optimal if the distance a between the magnets of the opposing clutch discs 60, 61 in substantially equal to the distance b between the adjacent magnets Clutch disc is.

Die Figuren 5a und 5b zeigen eine weitere Ausführungsform der Blutzentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung. Die Blutzentrifuge weist ein ortsfestes Gestell 65 und einen Rahmen 66 auf, der aus einer zylindrischen unteren Rahmenhälfte 66a und einer zylindrischen, oberen Rahmenhälfte 66b besteht, die einen kleineren Durchmesser als die untere Rahmenhälfte aufweist. Die untere Rahmenhälfte 66a ist mit einem Kugellager 72 um eine vertikale Achse drehbar an dem ortsfesten Gestell 65 gelagert. Die obere Rahmenhälfte 66b nimmt die Zentrifugenkammer 68 auf, deren Welle 68a mit einem Kugellager 70 an der oberen Platte des Drehrahmens 66 um die Achse des Rahmens drehbar gelagert ist. An der Unterseite der Zentrifugenkammer 68 ist ein Kopplungselement 69 befestigt, daß nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet ist. Die Kupplungsscheibe 69 weist eine zylindrische ferromagnetische Trägerplatte 64 auf, an deren Unterseite in gleichbleibenden Abständen eine gradzahlige Anzahl, beispielsweise kreisscheibenförmiger Magnete 64a umfangsmäßig mit wechselnder Polarität N, S verteilt angeordnet sind (Figur 5b). Die Leitung 71 zum Zuführen bzw. Abführen des Blutes bzw. der Blutbestandteile ist durch eine seitliche Öffnung des Rahmens zu der ortsfesten Anschlußstelle geführt. In einem Lager 67 des ortsfesten Gestells 65 ist eine Antriebswelle 73 gelagert, die von einem Elektromotor eines nicht dargestellten Antriebs angetrieben wird. Die seitlich zu der Drehachse des Rahmens 66 versetzt angeordnete Antriebswelle 73 ist mit einem zweiten nach Art einer Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildeten Kopplungselement 74 verbunden, das in der unteren Rahmenhälfte 66a angeordnet ist. Die zweite Kupplungsscheibe 74 weist eine ferromagnetische Trägerscheibe 75 mit einem größeren Durchmesser als die Trägerscheibe 64 der ersten Kupplungscheibe 69 auf. An deren Oberseite befindet sich eine gradzahlige Menge von Magneten 76, deren Anzahl um 50% größer ist, als die Anzahl der Magnete 64. Die zweite Kupplungscheibe 74 ist einerseits mit der ersten Kupplungscheibe 69 über einen Teil ihres Umfangs magnetisch im Eingriff. Andererseits ist die zweite Kupplungsscheibe 74 über einen Teil ihres Umfangs mit dem Drehrahmen 66 magnetisch im Eingriff, an dessen Umfang in gleichbleibenden Abständen die Magnete 77 in doppelter Anzahl wie die Magnete 64a derart befestigt sind, daß die Magnetpole N, S jeweils benachbarte Magnete einander entgegengesetzt sind.FIGS. 5a and 5b show a further embodiment of the blood centrifuge in a schematic representation. The blood centrifuge has a fixed frame 65 and a frame 66 formed from a cylindrical lower frame half 66a and a cylindrical upper frame half 66b which is smaller Has diameter than the lower half of the frame. The lower half of the frame 66a is rotatable about a vertical axis on the ball bearing 72 fixed frame 65 stored. The upper frame half 66b takes the Centrifuge chamber 68, the shaft 68a with a ball bearing 70 on the upper plate of the rotating frame 66 rotatably mounted about the axis of the frame is. On the underside of the centrifuge chamber 68 is a coupling element 69 attached that is designed in the manner of a clutch disc. The Clutch disc 69 has a cylindrical ferromagnetic carrier plate 64 on the underside of which, at constant intervals, an even number, for example, circular disk-shaped magnets 64a alternating polarity N, S are arranged distributed (Figure 5b). Line 71 for supplying or removing the blood or the blood components is by a lateral opening of the frame led to the fixed connection point. In a bearing 67 of the fixed frame 65, a drive shaft 73 is mounted, the is driven by an electric motor of a drive, not shown. The Drive shaft 73 arranged laterally offset to the axis of rotation of frame 66 is designed with a second in the manner of a clutch disc Coupling element 74 connected in the lower frame half 66a is arranged. The second clutch disc 74 has a ferromagnetic Carrier disk 75 with a larger diameter than the carrier disk 64 first clutch plate 69. At the top there is one even number of magnets 76, the number of which is 50% larger than that Number of magnets 64. The second clutch disk 74 is on the one hand with the first clutch disk 69 magnetically in part over its circumference Intervention. On the other hand, the second clutch plate 74 is over part of it Circumferentially magnetically engaged with the rotating frame 66, on the circumference in constant distances, the magnets 77 in twice the number Magnets 64a are attached such that the magnetic poles N, S are adjacent Magnets are opposite to each other.

Der Antrieb der Zentrifuge arbeitet wie folgt. Die zweite Kupplungsscheibe 74, die mit der Drehzahl 1,5 n angetrieben wird, treibt einerseits die mit der Zentrifugenkammer 68 verbundene erste Kupplungsscheibe 69 mit der Drehzahl 2n und andererseits den Drehrahmen 66 mit der Drehzahl n in der gleichen Drehrichtung wie die Zentrifugenkammer 68 an.The centrifuge is operated as follows. The second clutch disc 74, which is driven at a speed of 1.5 n drives the one with the Centrifuge chamber 68 connected first clutch disc 69 with the speed 2n and on the other hand the rotating frame 66 with the speed n in the same Direction of rotation as the centrifuge chamber 68.

Die Figuren 6a und 6b zeigen eine weitere Ausführungsform der Blutzentrifuge. Die Blutzentrifuge weist ein ortsfestes Gestell 80 und einen Rahmen 81 auf. Die unter Rahmenhälfte 81a ist mit einem Kugellager 82 um eine vertikale Achse drehbar an dem orstfesten Gestell 80 gelagert. Die obere Rahmenhälfte 81b, die schwenkbar an der unteren Rahmenhälfte 81a befestigt oder mit der unteren Rahmenhälfte einstückig ist, nimmt die Zentrifugenkammer 83 auf, deren Welle 84a an der oberen Platte des Rahmens 81 um dessen Drehachse drehbar gelagert ist. An der Unterseite der Zentrifugenkammer ist ein erstes Kopplungselement 84 befestigt, das als Kupplungsscheibe mit einer gradzahligen Anzahl von Magneten 85 ausgebildet ist. Die Leitung 86 zum Zuführen bzw. Abführen des Blutes bzw. der Blutbestandteile ist durch eine seitliche Öffnung des Drehrahmens zu der ortsfesten Anschlußstelle geführt. Im Abstand zu der ersten Kupplungsscheibe 84 ist an einer Zwischenwand 81c des Rahmens 81 eine zweite Kupplungsscheibe 87 gleichen Durchmessers wie die erste Kupplungsscheibe 84 um die Drehachse des Rahmens drehbar gelagert. Die zweite Kupplungsscheibe 87 ist mit zwei Koppelstangen 88a, 88b mit einem dritten Kopplungselement 89 verbunden, das ebenfalls als Kupplungsscheibe ausgebildet ist. Die Koppelstangen 88a, 88b sind einerseits an zwei gegenüberliegenden Punkten einer Kreislinie gelenkig mit der zweiten Kupplungsscheibe 87 und andererseits an zwei gegenüberliegenden Punkten einer Kreislinie gleichen Durchmessers an der dritten Kupplungsscheibe 89 angelenkt (Fig. 6b). Die dritte Kupplungscheibe 89 weist an ihrer Unterseite eine gradzahlige Anzahl von Magneten 90 auf und ist über einen Teil ihres Umfangs mit dem Drehrahmen 81 magnetisch im Eingriff, an dessen unterer Platte in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnete Magnete 91 in doppelter Anzahl wie die Magnete 90 befestigt sind. Die dritte Kupplungsscheibe 89 ist mit einer Antriebswelle 92 verbunden, die von einem Elektromotor eines nicht dargestellten Antriebs angetrieben wird.Figures 6a and 6b show a further embodiment of the blood centrifuge. The blood centrifuge has a fixed frame 80 and a frame 81. The is under frame half 81a with a ball bearing 82 about a vertical axis rotatably mounted on the stationary frame 80. The upper frame half 81b, the pivotally attached to the lower frame half 81a or with the lower Half of the frame is in one piece, the centrifuge chamber 83 receives the shaft 84a on the upper plate of the frame 81 rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation is. At the bottom of the centrifuge chamber is a first coupling element 84 attached that as a clutch disc with an even number of Magnet 85 is formed. The line 86 for feeding or discharging the Blood or the blood components is through a side opening of the Swivel frame led to the fixed connection point. At a distance from the first Clutch disc 84 is on an intermediate wall 81c of frame 81 second clutch plate 87 of the same diameter as the first Clutch disc 84 is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation of the frame. The second clutch plate 87 is with two coupling rods 88a, 88b with one third coupling element 89 connected, also as a clutch disc is trained. The coupling rods 88a, 88b are on the one hand on two opposite points of a circular line articulated with the second Clutch disc 87 and on the other hand at two opposite points a circular line of the same diameter on the third clutch disk 89 articulated (Fig. 6b). The third clutch plate 89 has on its underside an even number of magnets 90 and is over part of their Scope magnetically engaged with the rotating frame 81, at the lower Plate arranged circumferentially distributed at constant intervals Magnets 91 in double the number of magnets 90 are attached. The third Clutch disc 89 is connected to a drive shaft 92, which by a Electric motor of a drive, not shown, is driven.

Der Antrieb der Blutzentrifuge arbeitet wie folgt. Die mit der dritten Kupplungsscheibe 89 verbundene Antriebswelle 92 wird mit der Drehzahl 2n angetrieben. Die dritte Kupplungsscheibe 89 treibt einerseits den Rahmen 81 mit der Drehzahl n und andererseits über die Koppelstangen 88a, 88b die zweite Kupplungsscheibe 87 mit der Drehzahl 2n an, die wiederum die mit der Zentrifugenkammer 83 verbundene erste Kupplungsscheibe 84 mit der doppelten Drehzahl 2n wie der Rahmen 81 in der gleichen Drehrichtung antreibt.The blood centrifuge operates as follows. The third one Clutch disc 89 connected drive shaft 92 is at the speed 2n driven. The third clutch disk 89 drives the frame 81 on the one hand the speed n and on the other hand via the coupling rods 88a, 88b the second Clutch plate 87 with the speed 2n, which in turn with the Centrifuge chamber 83 connected first clutch plate 84 with double Speed 2n as the frame 81 drives in the same direction of rotation.

Figur 7 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform der Blutzentrifuge in schematischer Darstellung. Die Blutzentrifuge weist ein Gestell 130 auf, an dem ein Drehrahmen 131 drehbar gelagert ist. Der Drehrahmen 131 besteht aus einer unteren Rahmenhälfte 131a mit einer unteren Tragplatte 131b und zwei Seitenwänden 131c, 131d und einer oberen Rahmenhälfte 131e mit einer oberen Tragplatte 131f und zwei Seitenwänden 131g, 131h. An zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten ist der Drehrahmen offen. Die unter Tragplatte 131b des Drehrahmens 131 ist an einer vertikalen Achse 132 mit einem Rollenlager 133 drehbar gelagert, die sich von dem Gestell 130 in den Rahmen 131 erstreckt. An der oberen Tragplatte 131f des Drehrahmens 131 ist mit einem Rollenlager 134 eine Zentrifugenkammer 135 um die Achse des Drehrahmens drehbar gelagert. An der Unterseite des Zentrifugenkammer 135 sind Permanentmagnete 136 auf einer Kreislinie in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt befestigt, wobei die Magnetpole jeweils benachbarter Magnete einander entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind. Insofern entspricht die Zentrifugenkammer in ihrem Aufbau den oben beschriebenen Zentrifugenkammern.FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the blood centrifuge in FIG schematic representation. The blood centrifuge has a frame 130 on which a rotating frame 131 is rotatably supported. The rotating frame 131 consists of a lower frame half 131a with a lower support plate 131b and two Sidewalls 131c, 131d and an upper frame half 131e with an upper one Support plate 131f and two side walls 131g, 131h. On two the rotating frame is open on opposite sides. The under support plate 131b of the rotating frame 131 is on a vertical axis 132 with a roller bearing 133 rotatably supported, which extends from the frame 130 into the frame 131 extends. On the upper support plate 131f of the rotating frame 131 is with a Roller bearing 134 a centrifuge chamber 135 around the axis of the rotating frame rotatably mounted. At the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 135 are Permanent magnets 136 on a circular line at constant intervals attached circumferentially distributed, the magnetic poles each adjacent Magnets are directed in opposite directions. In this respect corresponds to Centrifuge chamber in its construction that described above Centrifuge chambers.

Von einer orstfesten Anschlußstelle 137 ist eine flexible Leitung 138, in der ein oder mehrere Schläuche zum Zuführen und Abführen des Blutes bzw. der Blutbestandteile in die Zentrifugenkammer 135 bzw. aus der Zentrifugenkammer zusammengefaßt sein können, um die Zentrifugenkammer herumgeführt und an der Unterseite der Kammer angeschlossen. Die Leitung 138 erstreckt sich durch den seitlich geöffneten Drehrahmen 131. An einem Seitenteil 131h des Drehrahmens 131 ist eine Leitungsstütze 139 angebracht, die in einer Öse 140 endet, in der die Leitung fixiert ist. Die Leitung 138 kann aber auch lose geführt sein, ohne daß sie mit dem Drehrahmen 131 verbunden ist.From a fixed connection point 137 is a flexible line 138 in which a or several tubes for supplying and removing the blood or the Blood components into the centrifuge chamber 135 or out of the centrifuge chamber can be summarized, led around the centrifuge chamber and connected to the bottom of the chamber. The line 138 extends through the laterally open rotating frame 131. On a side part 131h of the Rotating frame 131, a line support 139 is attached, which in an eyelet 140th ends in which the line is fixed. The line 138 can also be carried loosely be without being connected to the rotating frame 131.

An der vertikalen Welle 132 des Gestells 130 ist eine Platte 141 befestigt, die eine Spulenanordnung 142 trägt. An der Oberseite der Platte 141 ist eine erste Spule 142a befestigt, während an der Unterseite der Platte eine zweite Spule 142b befestigt ist. Die beiden Spulen 142a, 142b sind über elektrischen Verbindlungsleitungen 143 an einer Steuereinheit 144 im Gestell 130 der Blutzentrifuge angeschlossen.A plate 141 is fastened to the vertical shaft 132 of the frame 130 carries a coil assembly 142. At the top of plate 141 is a first one Coil 142a attached while a second coil on the underside of the plate 142b is attached. The two coils 142a, 142b are electrical Connection lines 143 to a control unit 144 in the frame 130 of the Blood centrifuge connected.

An der unteren Tragplatte 131b des Drehrahmens 131 sind im Abstand zu der zweiten Spule 142b weitere Permanentmagnete 145 auf einer Kreislinie in gleichbleibenden Abständen umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnet, wobei die Magnetpole jeweils benachbarter Magnete einander entgegengesetzt gerichtet sind.On the lower support plate 131b of the rotating frame 131 are at a distance from the second coil 142b further permanent magnets 145 on a circular line in uniformly spaced circumferentially arranged, the Magnetic poles of neighboring magnets are directed opposite each other are.

Die Blutzentrifuge arbeitet wie folgt. Die erste Spule 142a erzeugt eine erstes magnetisches Drehfeld, so daß die Zentrifugenkammer 135 angetrieben wird, während die zweite Spule 142b ein zweites magnetisches Drehfeld erzeugt, das den Drehrahmen 131 antreibt. Die erste und zweite Spule 142a, 142b werden von der Steuereinheit 144 derart angesteuert, daß die Zentrifugenkammer 135 mit der doppelten Drehzahl 2n in der gleichen Drehrichtung wie der Drehrahmen 131 angetrieben wird. Da sich die seitlich aus dem Drehrahmen herausgeführte Leitung 138 nur mit der halben Drehzahl wie die Zentrifugenkammer um dieselbe dreht, wird ein Verdrillen der Leitung verhindert.The blood centrifuge works as follows. The first coil 142a creates a first magnetic rotating field, so that the centrifuge chamber 135 is driven, while the second coil 142b generates a second rotating magnetic field that drives the rotating frame 131. The first and second coils 142a, 142b controlled by the control unit 144 such that the centrifuge chamber 135 at twice the speed 2n in the same direction as the Rotating frame 131 is driven. Because the side of the rotating frame lead out line 138 only at half the speed as that Centrifuge chamber rotates around it, twisting the line prevented.

Claims (22)

  1. Centrifuge with
    a frame (52) on which is pivoted a rotary frame (1),
    a separation unit (3) which is pivoted on a rotary frame (1),
    a first drive line for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (3),
    a pipe (7) for supplying and/or discharging at least one fluid, which pipe is guided from a fixed connection point (6) around the separation unit (3) and is connected on one side of the separation unit (3) facing away from the fixed connection point (6) to the separation unit (3), and
    a second drive line for transmitting a second torque to the rotary frame (1), the separation unit (3) and the rotary frame (1) being driven so that the separation unit (3) rotates at double speed in the same direction as the rotary frame (1),
    characterised in that the first and/or second drive line exhibit coupling elements (19, 20) space at a certain distance from each other, these spaced coupling elements (19, 20) being magnetically engaged by means of a coupling element (17, 18) which rotates in a different plane of rotation than that of the spaced coupling elements so that the torques can be transmitted by means of magnetic forces.
  2. Centrifuge according to claim 1, characterised in that the coupling elements (17 to 20) exhibit magnets (15, 16; 23, 24) which are arranged on a circumference so that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets of a coupling element are directed so that they oppose one another.
  3. Centrifuge according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the coupling elements (17 to 20) are designed as segment-shaped bodies.
  4. Centrifuge according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the magnets (36) are arranged on the top or bottom of the coupling elements (34) along a circumference.
  5. Centrifuge according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the magnets (32) are arranged on the circumferential surfaces of the coupling elements (37) along a circumference.
  6. Centrifuge according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that coupling elements (34, 37) arranged about two axes running perpendicular to each other are provided in the first and/or second drive line, the magnets (32) of one of the coupling elements (37) being arranged on its peripheral surface and the magnets (36) of the other coupling element (34) being arranged on its upper or lower side along a circumference.
  7. Centrifuge according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the magnets (76) have a circular cross-section.
  8. Centrifuge according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the magnets (63a) have a rectangular cross-section with a narrow side (63d) and a longitudinal side (63c), the magnets being arranged on the coupling elements to that their longitudinal axes (63e) run in the radial direction (Fig. 4b).
  9. Centrifuge according to claim 8, characterised in that lateral distance (b) between the magnets (62a), (62b) of a coupling element (60) is essentially equal to the distance (a) between the magnet (62a) of one of the coupling elements (60) and the opposing magnet (63a) of the other coupling element (61) in which a coupling element (60) is magnetically engaged (Fig. 4a).
  10. Centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the separation unit (3) is connected to a first coupling element (19) which magnetically engages with a second coupling element (17), which is pivoted on the rotary frame (1) about an axis running transversely to the axis of the rotary frame (1), the second coupling element (17) being engaged magnetically with a third coupling element (20) secured to the frame (52) concentrically to the first coupling element (19) (Fig. 1).
  11. Centrifuge according to claim 10, characterised in that a fourth coupling element (18) is pivoted on the rotary frame (1) about an axis running transversely to the axis of the rotary frame (1) on the side opposite the second coupling element (17), which element engages magnetically with the first coupling element (19) and with the third coupling element (20) (Fig. 1).
  12. Centrifuge with
    a frame (52) on which a rotary frame (1) is pivoted,
    a separation unit (3) which is pivoted on the rotary frame (1),
    a first drive line for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (3),
    a pipe (7) for supplying and/or discharging at least one fluid, which pipe is guided from a fixed connection point (6) around the separation unit (3) and is connected to the separation unit (3) on one side of the separation unit (3) facing away from the fixed connection point (6), and
    a second drive line for transmitting a second torque to the rotary frame (1), the separation unit (3) and the rotary frame (1) being driven so that the separation unit (3) rotates at double speed in the same direction as the rotary frame (1),
    characterised in that the rotary frame (42) can be driven by a hollow shaft (43) in which is pivoted coaxially a drive shaft (55) which is connected to a first coupling element (54), and in that a second coupling element (53) is connected to the separation unit (49), which is magnetically engaged with the first coupling element, the coupling elements (19, 20) exhibiting magnets (15, 16) which are arranged on a circumference so that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets (15, 16) of a coupling element are directed so that they oppose each other (Fig. 3).
  13. Centrifuge with
    a frame (52) on which a rotary frame (1) is pivoted,
    a separation unit (3) which is pivoted on a rotary frame (1),
    a first drive line for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (3),
    a pipe (7) for supplying and/or discharging at least one fluid, which pipe is guided from a foxed connection point (6) around the separation unit (3) and is connected to the separation unit (3) on one side of the separation unit (3) facing away from the fixed connection point (6), and
    a second drive line for transmitting a second torque to the rotary frame (1), the separation unit (3) and the rotary frame (1) being driven so that the separation unit (3) rotates at double speed in the same direction as the rotary frame (1),
    characterised in that the separation unit (68) is connected to a first coupling element (69) and in that a second coupling element (74) is arranged in the rotary frame (66) about an axis parallel with the axis of the rotary frame (66), which element is magnetically engaged with the first coupling element (69),
    that the diameter of the second coupling element (74) is greater than the diameter of the first coupling element (69), and in that the rotary frame (66) is designed as a third coupling element with which the second coupling element magnetically engages,.
    in which the coupling elements exhibit magnets (76, 77) which are arranged on a circumference so that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets of a coupling element are directed so that they oppose each other (Fig. 5a, 5b).
  14. Centrifuge with
    a frame (52) on which a rotary frame (1) is pivoted,
    a separation unit (3) which is pivoted on a rotary frame (1),
    a first drive line for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (3),
    a pipe (7) for supplying and/or discharging at least one fluid, which pipe is guided from a fixed connection point (6) around the separation unit (3) and is connected to the separation unit (3) on one side of the separation unit (3) facing away from the fixed connection point (6), and
    a second drive line for transmitting a second torque to the rotary frame (1), the separation unit (3) and the rotary frame (1) being driven so that the separation unit (3) rotates at double speed in the same direction as the rotary frame (1),
    characterised in that the separation unit (83) is connected to a first coupling element (84) and in that a second coupling element (87) is arranged in the rotary frame (81) about an axis parallel with the axis of the rotary frame (81), which element is magnetically engaged with the first coupling element (84), in that a third coupling element (89) is pivoted in the rotary frame (81) about an axis parallel with the axis of the rotary frame, which element is connected by gear elements (88a, 88b) to the second coupling element (87), and in that the rotary frame (81) is designed as a fourth coupling element which mechanically engages with the third coupling element (89),
    in which the coupling elements exhibit magnets (90, 91) which are arranged on a circumference so that the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets of a coupling element are directed so that they oppose one another (Figs. 6a, 6b).
  15. Centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the separation unit (3) is arranged in the rotary frame (1),
  16. Centrifuge with
    a frame (21) on which a rotary frame (1) is pivoted,
    a separation unit (3) which is pivoted on a rotary frame (1),
    a first drive line for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (3),
    a pipe (7) for supplying and/or discharging at least one fluid, which pipe is guided from a fixed connection point (6) around the separation unit (3) and is connected to the separation unit (3) on one side of the separation unit (3) facing away from the fixed connection point (6), and
    a second drive line for transmitting a second torque to the rotary frame (1), the separation unit (3) and the rotary frame (1) being driven so that the separation unit (3) rotates at double speed in the same direction as the rotary frame (1),
    characterised in that the first and second drive lines exhibit at least one stator (141) with a first and second coil device (142) for generating a first and second magnetic field, and means (136, 145) for the magnetic coupling which are designed so that the torques can be transmitted by means of magnetic forces.
  17. Centrifuge according to claim 16, characterised in that the rotary frame (131) comprises an upper and a lower support plate (131b), 131f), the separation unit (135) being pivoted on the upper support plate and the stator (141) being arranged with the first and/or second coil device (142) between the upper and lower support plate (131b, 131f).
  18. Centrifuge according to claim 17, characterised in that the means provided for magnetic coupling on the separation unit (135) are permanent magnets (136), the first coil device (142a) for transmitting the torque to the separation unit (135) generating a first rotary field.
  19. Centrifuge according to claim 18, characterised in that the permanent magnets (136) are arranged at constant intervals on the lower side of the separation unit (135) so that they are equally distributed around the circumference, the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets being directed so that they oppose one another.
  20. Centrifuge according to claim 17, characterised in that the means provided for magnetic coupling on the rotary frame (131) are permanent magnets (145), the second coil device (142b) for transmitting the torque to the rotary frame (131) generating a second rotary field.
  21. Centrifuge according to claim 20, characterised in that the permanent magnets (145) are arranged at constant intervals on the lower support plate (131b) ofthe rotary frame 131) so that they are uniformly distributed around the circumference, the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets being directed so that they oppose each other.
  22. Centrifuge according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterised in that the lower support plate (131b) of the rotary frame (131) being pivoted on a support element (132) extending into the rotary frame (131), to which element the stator (141) is secured.
EP99101002A 1998-01-19 1999-01-18 Centrifuge, in particular sliding seal free continuous flow centrifuge for the centrifugation of biological fluids Expired - Lifetime EP0930099B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19801767A DE19801767C1 (en) 1998-01-19 1998-01-19 centrifuge
DE19801767 1998-01-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0930099A2 EP0930099A2 (en) 1999-07-21
EP0930099A3 EP0930099A3 (en) 2000-07-19
EP0930099B1 true EP0930099B1 (en) 2002-05-08

Family

ID=7855003

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99101002A Expired - Lifetime EP0930099B1 (en) 1998-01-19 1999-01-18 Centrifuge, in particular sliding seal free continuous flow centrifuge for the centrifugation of biological fluids

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6280375B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0930099B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4388154B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19801767C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2177143T3 (en)

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JP3711277B2 (en) * 2002-12-17 2005-11-02 核燃料サイクル開発機構 Centrifugal extractor with non-contact shaft structure
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US20080200859A1 (en) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-21 Mehdi Hatamian Apheresis systems & methods
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11262681A (en) 1999-09-28
ES2177143T3 (en) 2002-12-01
EP0930099A2 (en) 1999-07-21
EP0930099A3 (en) 2000-07-19
US6280375B1 (en) 2001-08-28
JP4388154B2 (en) 2009-12-24
DE59901370D1 (en) 2002-06-13
DE19801767C1 (en) 1999-10-07

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