Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
  • D21F11/06—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
  • D21H27/38—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets having a fibrous composition differing from that of other sheets
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
  • D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
  • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
  • D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H13/16—Polyalkenylalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
  • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
  • D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H13/18—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylonitriles

Definitions

• the present invention concerns an arrangement and a method for the production of paper, in particular paper for bank notes and other valuable documents.
• the arrangement and a method make it possible to produce single or multi-layered sheet compositions with several fields running in the direction of the paper web.
• the present invention also includes paper produced according to the method as well as valuable documents produced with the paper.
• Visible strings or fields of differing transparency can be achieved by means of a method according to SE 500 384.
• Multi-layered paper for example, filter paper, as well as the production of this, are described in WO 92/01112 and 92/01113.
• the arrangement of optically differing paper-making stock or pigment on or in a paper web is also known, for example, via EP Al 580 363 and GB 696 673. Nevertheless, the problem of producing paper with a good and uniform durability that at the same time is simple to demonstrate optical or tactile variations in three dimensions, i.e. the paper web's x, y and z directions, still remains.
• y relates to width, z to thickness or height and x to the longitudinal direction of the paper web.
• the present invention provides a solution to this problem and makes possible the production of paper with a good and even durability and with easy-to-demonstrate security measures.
• the present invention concerns a paper, an arrangement and a method according to the invention that are distinguished by the characteristics of the enclosed claims.
• FIG. 1 A shows schematically one embodiment of the invention where the paper comprises two layers 1 and 2, each including two fields, 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 respectively, each one with different optical properties, for example, one field has a lower (4 and 5) and one a higher (3 and 6) light transmission.
• Fig. 1 B shows an embodiment very similar to the previous one, but where fields 3 and 6 do not overlap one another.
• the numerical designations are the same as in fig. A.
• Fig. 2 shows schematically one embodiment of the invention where the upper layer 1 and the lower layer 3 are produced of a uniform paper-making stock 4, while one or more inner layers 2 include one or more fields 5 and 6.
• the extent of the fields 5 and 6 is visible when looking through it, but when glancing down at it, the paper displays a uniform appearance.
• Fig. 3 shows schematically one further embodiment of the invention with two fields 5 and 6 arranged in the upper and lower layers of the paper (1 and 2 respectively) and which differ in optical properties from the surrounding paper 4.
• the paper displays differing appearances on its upper and lower sides when glancing down on it and, when looking through it, a third, hidden pattern that is formed by the interaction of the fields is seen.
• Fig. 4 shows schematically one embodiment of the invention where a multi- layered paper includes two uniform outer layers 1 and 2 plus two inner layers 2a and 2b.
• the inner layers contain two or more fields with different optical properties 5 and 6.
• the inner layers' fields are hidden when viewed from above but, when looking through them, together form a tactile pattern of lighter and darker areas (7 and 8).
• Fig. 5 shows schematically a side view of a flow chamber connected to a roll screen paper-making machine where the flow chamber includes sections for the simultaneous input of several stock mixtures.
• Fig. 6 shows schematically a side view of a system with several flow chambers, 11, 14 and 15, where the flow chamber 14 is sectioned into two levels so that two layers can be applied simultaneously.
• Fig. 7 shows schematically as a perspective view how a flow chamber can be divided into several levels with rows of diffusers arranged in the form of a matrix.
• Fig. 8 shows schematically a cut-away view of a flow chamber divided into three levels, A, B, and C, separated by a divider.
• Fig. 9 shows schematically a cut-away view from above of one embodiment where a diffuser, displaceable in a sideways direction, is arranged with one or more sections for the input of one or more stock mixtures whereby the displaceable diffuser is supplied with stock mixture B, whose properties differ from the surrounding stock mixture A.
• Fig. 10 shows a sketch illustrating the principle of a device that can be used for the input of a stock that differs from surrounding stock mixtures. Description of the invention
• the paper according to the invention includes at least two layers, which in turn are divided into longitudinal continuous or discontinuous fields of paper with properties that differ from the surrounding paper. Continuous fields are well suitable.
• the properties that can be allowed to vary according to the invention are suitably those that can easily be demonstrated without further auxiliary assistance, e.g. optical or tactile properties.
• optical properties include transparency or the transmission of visible light, reflection or colours that can be demonstrated in visible light or with the help of ultraviolet light.
• tactile properties include a glossy or rough finish, stiffness and thickness, which can easily be demonstrated by manually handing the paper or the printed document of value, e.g. a bank note.
• layer is used for the distinct layers in the paper, each with an area weight of about 3 g/m 2 or more.
• Bank note paper with an area weight of about 80 g/m 2 and a thickness of 120 ⁇ can, in theory, contain up to 25 distinct layers.
• the paper according to the invention includes a number of layers so that the sought-after effects are achieved with, in practice, 2 to 10 layers, preferably 3 to 5 layers.
• FIG. 1A and IB An embodiment with two layers is illustrated in fig. 1A and IB and in fig. 3, while embodiments with three or four layers are illustrated in fig. 2 and fig. 4.
• fig. 1A and IB designate the different layers in the paper, which in turn are divided into longitudinal fields with different optical properties.
• fields 4 and 5 have a lower transmission of light or transparency
• fields 3 and 6 have a higher transmission of light.
• the lanes between the fields in the upper and lower layers consist of lines with a regular pattern, e.g. sinusoidal curves, whereby the fields are arranged so that they partially overlap one another.
• the paper When looked upon, the paper has a uniform surface but, when looked through, a pattern with a lower transmission of light becomes visible.
• the fields can naturally be given reversed properties, whereby, when looking through the paper, the hidden pattern is seen as a lighter element in the paper.
• fields 3 and 6 do not overlap.
• Figs. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate further embodiments of the invention where the paper has different appearances when looked down upon and when looked through.
• An interesting combination of effects can be achieved by producing the patterned paper with a high degree of precision in the pattern and then printing and cutting out documents of value, such as bank notes, that 100% fit in with the pattern.
• suitable fibres include material of both natural and synthetic origin, e.g. cotton fibres, cellulose fibres or fibres of polymers or thermoplastics such as viscose fibres and polyethane fibres. Such fibres are particularly suitable since they give the paper noticeable optical or tactile properties without reducing the robustness of the paper.
• suitable pigments are conventionally used pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide.
• suitable filling and binding agents are those that are used conventionally during the making of paper and which can be considered to be well known for a skilled person in the area.
• the device according to the invention includes means for building up a three dimensional structure, including layers arranged on top of one another, and, within these layers, fields running in a longitudinal direction. See, for example, fig. 2, where the layers are designated 1, 2 and 3, and the fields running in a longitudinal direction, 5 and 6.
• the device is arranged as in fig. 5, where a sectioned flow pipe 11 is shown in cross-section.
• the flow pipe 11 includes a number of feed pipes, here exemplified as pipes for feeding in paper-making stock A and B that open into diffuser 12.
• Flow pipe 11 is arranged adjacent to a cylinder or roll screen paper- making machine 9 equipped with sectioned vacuum suction chambers.
• the divider 13 the different stocks are fed onto the roll screen paper-making machine and are prevented from being mixed together prior to the water being removed.
• Fig. 6 shows one embodiment of the invention where three separate flow pipes 11 , 14 and 15 are arranged around a cylinder with sectioned vacuum suction chambers.
• An initial layer of paper is applied with the use of the flow pipe 11, while the following flow pipe 14 is separated by a dividing element 13 and can thus feed two separate paper-making stocks to the zone where water is removed.
• Flow pipe 15 is used to apply the final layer of paper.
• the term "flow pipe” means a general means of feeding the stock to the water removal zone.
• a flow pipe can include several feed pipes that suitably open into diffusers, ideally into what is known as step diffusers intended to achieve a flow with a uniform rate of flow profile.
• the feed pipe can be made up of branches from a common feed channel but can also be supplied individually with special stocks.
• the flow pipe is sectioned in longitudinal groups of feed pipes that are equivalent to the horizontal layer intended to be achieved on the paper.
• This embodiment is exemplified in fig. 7.
• one or more feed pipes can be supplied with a stock that differs from that supplied to the surrounding feed pipes. From fig. 7, it is evident how the "planes" are separated by the dividing elements, which prevents the different stocks mixing prior to the removal of water and the forming of the distinct layers.
• Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention.
• flow pipes 11, 14 and 15 are arranged beside a cylinder 9 equipped with a sectioned vacuum suction chamber. Each one of these flow pipes is able to achieve a layer of paper on the cylinder and the flow pipes are so arranged that the layer is formed before the following layer is applied. At least on of the flow pipes is sectioned, i.e. it includes several feed pipes. In fig. 6, the centre flow pipe 14 is sectioned by dividing element 13.
• the flow pipes intended to provide a field in the layer with differing properties are equipped with one or more feed pipes that have their own feed input for stock that differs from the stock that makes up the main constituent component of the current layer or paper.
• one or more of the flow pipes can be divided into levels, whereby two or more layers can be applied by the same flow pipe.
• the flow pipe is equipped with flexible dividers in the z-direction, which essentially runs forward to the surface of the cylinder or the roll screen.
• One essential characteristic of these flow pipes is that they are not in direct contact with the surface of the cylinder, but are separated by a gap of about 2-3 mm between the upper edge of the flow pipe and the surface of the cylinder or roll screen. This means that the flow of stock cannot be under pressure and that the formation of the layer in the sheet is essentially controlled wholly by the removal of water.
• one or more of the feed pipes in a flow pipe is equipped with moveable dividers in the x-direction, which essentially runs forward to the surface of the cylinder or the roll screen.
• moveable dividers By controlling these dividing elements and, for example, giving them an oscillating movement, a pattern can be reproduced on the surface.
• This principle is illustrated in fig. 9, where a flow chamber 11 is shown in cut-away view as seen from above.
• a feed pipe or diffuser 12 has been equipped with a separate feed input B and with the moveable divider 16.
• These dividing elements are preferably flexible elements that extend essentially all the way forward to the surface of the cylinder or the roll screen.
• a field of the desired design can be formed in a layer, preferably a layer located in the middle of the finished paper.
• the flow of stock B is regulated in relation to the flow of surrounding stock A so that the dividing elements 16 alternately approach and retreat form each other.
• the dividing elements 16 alternately approach and retreat form each other.
• the dividing elements are pushed further apart from one another and the resulting field becomes broader.
• the dividing elements are brought closer to one another and the resulting field becomes narrower.
• a plane can even be divided into two fields so that one dividing element 16 is arranged between a number of diffusers 12 that are provided with a stock with certain properties and other diffusers in the same plane that are supplied with a stock with properties that differ from those of the adjacent stock.
• the dividing elements can even be arranged in a connected manner as exemplified in fig. 10, whereby they can be connected to a means that brings about their movement, e.g. an oscillating movement.
• a means that brings about their movement e.g. an oscillating movement.
• the arrangement can include several flow chambers, whereby at least one is sectioned with permanently fixed or moveable dividing elements for feeding in the special stocks, and the associated absorbent screen. Following formation, the layers from all the flow chambers are combined on one paper web, which continues running for dying in the conventional manner.
• Example of an embodiment Stocks with different optical properties, e. g. two stocks with high and low transparency respectively, are prepared in separate containers. Examples of the composition and treatment of the stocks are given below.
• Stock A 60-80 % combed cotton, 20-40 % cotton loops, approx. 6 % titanium dioxide, pigments for toning the shade of the paper, chemicals for increasing the strength.
• Stock Bl 60 % polyvinyl alcohol fibres, e.g. Kurarai VPB101 plus 40 % combed cotton or 40 % acrylic fibre, softeners, e.g. glycerol, glycerine.
• Stock B2 100 % acrylic fibre, e.g. Asahi A104.
• Stock B3 100 % combed cotton plus impregnation as in stock B2.
• the finished paper is coated with a surface glue, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol.
• Fields produced with stock B2 can, in addition, be impregnated or coated with binding agents, e.g. UN-hardened acrylics, water-based acrylate latex, polyvinyl alcohol or viscose.
• binding agents e.g. UN-hardened acrylics, water-based acrylate latex, polyvinyl alcohol or viscose.
• the finished paper displays a uniform surface when glanced upon while a lighter pattern appears when examined by looking through the paper, i.e. a field with a greater transparency.

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• Paper (AREA)
• Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 1997
  • 1997-04-30 SE SE9701638A patent/SE9701638L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1998
  • 1998-04-29 KR KR1019980711005A patent/KR20000022557A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-04-29 CZ CZ99301A patent/CZ30199A3/cs unknown
  • 1998-04-29 JP JP10547506A patent/JP2000513771A/ja active Pending
  • 1998-04-29 BR BR9804899-6A patent/BR9804899A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-04-29 SI SI9820004A patent/SI9820004A/sl unknown
  • 1998-04-29 CA CA002258719A patent/CA2258719A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-04-29 PL PL98330826A patent/PL330826A1/xx unknown
  • 1998-04-29 CN CN98800887A patent/CN1231009A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-04-29 EP EP98921952A patent/EP0929718A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-04-29 HU HU0003216A patent/HUP0003216A3/hu unknown
  • 1998-04-29 WO PCT/SE1998/000791 patent/WO1998051861A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-04-29 ID IDW980146D patent/ID21934A/id unknown
  • 1998-04-29 AU AU74599/98A patent/AU7459998A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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