EP0925472B1 - Method for the suppression of combustion oscillations and device for combustion of fuel with air - Google Patents

Method for the suppression of combustion oscillations and device for combustion of fuel with air Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0925472B1
EP0925472B1 EP97941847A EP97941847A EP0925472B1 EP 0925472 B1 EP0925472 B1 EP 0925472B1 EP 97941847 A EP97941847 A EP 97941847A EP 97941847 A EP97941847 A EP 97941847A EP 0925472 B1 EP0925472 B1 EP 0925472B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
air
burners
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97941847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0925472A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Hoffmann
Peter Berenbrink
Hans Judith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0925472A1 publication Critical patent/EP0925472A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0925472B1 publication Critical patent/EP0925472B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for suppressing combustion vibrations during a combustion of Fuel with air in a combustion chamber, which by at least an air intake through the air and through several burners the fuel are supplied, each burner having an associated one Delay time, which corresponds to a period of time, after which an acoustic pulse in the combustion chamber thermal impulse in the combustion of this burner fuel supplied.
  • the invention relates also a corresponding device for combustion of fuel with air.
  • the invention relates in particular to a method and a device of the type mentioned for use in a gas turbine, a gas turbine being a composite of a Compressor for air, comprising a combustion device at least one combustion chamber for burning a fuel in the air with the formation of a flue gas and a turbine in the true sense to relax the flue gas is.
  • the turbine can be made up of several parts, i.e. several series connected Partial turbines include; the same applies to the compressor.
  • the compressor is in particular a turbo compressor.
  • the turbine drives as part of common practice the compressor.
  • the invention relates to the task of damping or avoiding acoustic vibrations in a combustion chamber, which Vibrations induced by the combustion and as "Burning vibrations" are known.
  • thermodynamic operating parameters such as air ratio and thermal power
  • unstable operating conditions are due to correlated fluctuations in heat production with the combustion and the static pressure in the combustion chamber and / or in this upstream and downstream parts of the system. These fluctuations are expressed in that in the Combustion chamber self-excited acoustic vibrations occur. These acoustic vibrations cause an increased one Noise pollution in the vicinity of the affected plant increased mechanical and thermal stresses on the combustion chamber and other parts of the system which are quite short Time can lead to complete or partial failure.
  • a combustion vibration is generally based on one Interaction between the flow of the used Burner escaping reactants and energy turnover when burning, the interaction being related with one in the combustion chamber and connected system parts occurring acoustic resonance a stable acoustic Vibration generates and maintains.
  • the training and maintenance of acoustic The energy required for vibration comes from the combustion process delivered itself.
  • Derivable from the Rayleigh criterion is also a criterion which is the period of an acoustic vibration, for which discusses the possibility of their occurrence in a relationship relies on a burner and its operation essential characterizing "delay time".
  • This delay time is a time period after which an acoustic pulse in the Combustion chamber to which the burner is connected, one thermal impulse during the combustion of the burner fuel supplied. Relating to one in the Combustion chamber stable vibration and one of these thermal vibration caused by the burner, ie a periodic fluctuation in energy turnover at combustion caused by the burner corresponds to the delay time a phase difference between the acoustic and thermal vibration. It is important to point this out to Büchner's thesis, pp.
  • the delay time of a burner in a combustion chamber sets composed of different summands, each based on individual components of the system from burner, combustion chamber and Flame are traceable.
  • the on the burner and the combustion chamber Available summands are mainly determined due to the geometry of the burner and combustion chamber; one on the Flame itself is a summand that is essentially recyclable determines the properties of the combustion itself.
  • the summand itself can be further broken down into a "convective Delay Time ", which is a transportation time for the transportation of the Reaction partner to the flame front, where the combustion begins, characterized a "heating time” which the Time for the reactants to heat up for ignition indicates the required temperature, and a “reaction kinetic delay time", which is due to the expiry the combustion itself is determined.
  • the convective delay time clearly shows the other two summands.
  • the conventional passive measures to suppress Combustion vibrations aim to operate the System by shifting the acoustic properties of Stabilize subsystems so that the entire desired Operating area no more combustion vibrations occur. These measures require funds in individual cases have to be adapted to the respective system and continuously involve the risk that known unstable operating points stabilized, however new instabilities under other operating conditions.
  • DE 43 36 096 A1 describes a device for reducing Vibrations in combustion chambers specified.
  • several burners arranged in front of the combustion chamber, with adjacent burners each in the direction of flow predetermined distance from each other are. This predetermined distance is chosen so that when the burner is in operation in the direction of flow spreading temperature fluctuations of neighboring burners straight are opposite.
  • This predetermined distance is chosen so that when the burner is in operation in the direction of flow spreading temperature fluctuations of neighboring burners straight are opposite.
  • This is said to be a combustion vibration induced by temperature fluctuations and thus prevent pressure fluctuations due to different densities.
  • the object of the invention to create new passive ones Specify measures on a combustion chamber with several burners, which reliably suppresses combustion vibrations are suitable.
  • the measures should both independent for liquid as well as for gaseous fuels of apparatus and functional details of the Combustion chamber applicable. There should be no moving parts or other active components are used.
  • the invention should be both a corresponding procedure as well specify an appropriate facility.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that it is in a Combustion chamber, as is usually used in a gas turbine is and usually several similar burners has, by interaction of the burner to a reinforced Excitation of combustion vibrations can come.
  • Form thermal vibrations occur with only one burner in interaction with acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber off, this one burner excites every other burner also starts to vibrate in the combustion chamber.
  • This effect is expressed, for example, in the fact that it is in a combustion chamber with several, similar burners each with sharp transitions between operating states with or without combustion vibrations gives. Since combustion vibrations occur always start from several burners, such combustion vibrations very high amplitudes were also observed.
  • the invention provides burners with different acoustic properties, d. H. especially different Delay times to be provided. This allows the Do not excite burners among themselves and it can also Always a damping effect based on a stable working burner.
  • the method is used in a case where everyone Burner is assigned an associated air inlet through which associated air inlet the air in an associated Current is supplied to the combustion chamber, designed so that the associated currents of the burners differ considerably from one another are. This ensures that the respective Operation of the burner characterizing thermodynamic Relationships are certainly different from each other and the difference in the delay times between the burners is guaranteed.
  • each Burner is assigned an associated air inlet through which the air is supplied to the combustion chamber in an associated stream is characterized in that the burner in are designed essentially the same among each other, and on each apart from an associated air inlet, the associated stream is throttled so that all associated currents are essential are different from each other.
  • the associated flow throttled may be associated with each Air inlet the associated flow throttled; this may be desirable to give the stream certain desirable properties to give, e.g. to homogenize him.
  • each burner is assigned an associated air inlet is through which the air flows into an associated stream Combustion chamber is guided, and the associated streams are geometrically similar to each other, is characterized by that the burners are geometrically similar to one another, however are different sizes.
  • This configuration is also in With regard to an appropriate facility of interest, since this configuration at least allows one for the burners to provide only shape and this for the production of the different Simply scale the burner differently. The difference in the delay times remains guaranteed because the delay time of a burner is not by itself determines its geometry and is therefore not scale-invariant.
  • each burner's fuel is supplied in such a way that a mixing ratio specified for all burners between a rate of fuel supplied and a rate of through the associated air intake supplied air is observed.
  • This configuration is of particular interest because it allows everyone Burner in terms of total combustion desired thermal performance optimal with regard to a always operate undesirable production of nitrogen oxides.
  • the design requires an appropriately upgraded one Fuel supply.
  • each burner Fuel is supplied at a rate specified for all burners becomes. While this means that individual burners are under Maybe not optimal with regard to the production of Nitrogen oxides are operated, but what with regard to simple fuel supply may be acceptable.
  • the method for use in is of particular importance Relation to a combustion chamber that is resonant for one acoustic vibration with a certain period, whereby the associated delay time of each burner between one integer multiples minus a quarter and the integer Multiples plus a quarter of the period. This corresponds to the adherence to that of Herrmann et al as well Büchner criterion derived from the Rayleigh criterion between the delay time and the period in question taken acoustic vibration.
  • the term "Integer multiple" also includes zero. It it goes without saying that the delay time is by definition not negative Can assume values.
  • combustion chamber should be resonant for a certain acoustic vibration should not be construed as a limitation that for this resonance can only determine the combustion chamber alone may; it goes without saying that the combustion chamber as a rule Part of a more or less complex overall acoustic system is, the resonance with all essential parameters is defined by the overall acoustic system.
  • An embodiment of the process is also of particular interest in that the fuel with in each burner the air is mixed before being burned in the combustion chamber becomes.
  • the Premix combustion is of particular interest, because they are at lower temperatures than those with simpler ones Diffusion combustion to be effected expires and therefore significantly less than diffusion combustion for production of nitrogen oxides.
  • the invention also compensates for the thermodynamic-acoustic problems mentioned at the beginning premix combustion.
  • the process of any configuration is particularly excellent for use on a gas turbine, the air is provided from a compressor and flue gas, which in the combustion chamber is created by the fuel in the Air is burned and fed to a turbine.
  • a preferred further development of the facility is emerging characterized in that the burners differ geometrically from one another are.
  • the burners in the device are geometric right next to each other, and the fuel supply is set up to supply the fuel to the burners with respective Guess which rates are significantly different from each other are.
  • Another alternative is characterized in that everyone Burner is assigned an associated air inlet, and on a throttle for everyone except one, or on each burner Throttling a flowing through the associated air inlet Current of the air is provided.
  • a choke can for example, an aperture upstream of the burner.
  • a further development of the device is particularly preferred in that the combustion chamber is resonant for an acoustic Vibration with a certain period, and that the associated delay time between one for each burner integer multiples minus a quarter and the integer Multiples plus a quarter of the period lies.
  • the device is particularly preferred for use on a Gas turbine, the combustion chamber between a compressor and a turbine of the gas turbine is arranged.
  • an asymmetrical arrangement if possible the burner is preferred. Like the asymmetrical arrangement can look in individual cases, and according to which criterion a "Sufficient asymmetry" can be determined, remains for everyone In individual cases, at the discretion of those who are relevant and active Leave person.
  • the main one to be observed Principle boils down to an acoustic vibration is usually characterized by a more or less symmetrical arrangement of standing acoustic waves in the vibrating overall system.
  • a combustion oscillation observed on an annular combustion chamber which was characterized by acoustic Waves that closed around the annular combustion chamber.
  • the wavelength of the acoustic vibrations corresponded to this half an average circumference of the annular combustion chamber. To suppress such a vibration, it would be advantageous in the arrangement of the burners two-fold or four-fold To avoid symmetries.
  • the invention does not require that there be none in the combustion chamber may give two burners with identical properties; the Purpose of the invention can be served with a Combustion chamber to which of several types of burners each several burners are connected.
  • a gas turbine with two silo combustion chambers conventional type, each of which is the same as six Burner for the combustion of heating oil exhibited when operating under 80% of the nominal load relevant for the design acoustic Vibrations with amplitudes of 100 mbar observed.
  • These acoustic vibrations could be eliminated by against each of the six burners in each silo combustion chamber slightly modified burners were replaced.
  • the modified Burners were designed so that they operate at nominal load Received 8% less fuel than the unchanged burners.
  • the modified burners were used so that they each included an unchanged burner between them.
  • the modified configuration of the burners allowed operate the gas turbine up to 100% of its nominal load, without acoustic vibrations occurring at a noticeable height.
  • FIG. 1 shows a gas turbine with a compressor 1 and one Turbine 2, which drives the compressor 1 via a shaft 3.
  • Compressed air passes from the compressor 1 an air line 4 to the combustion chamber 5 and enters it through air inlets 6, each of which is assigned to a burner 7 is, each burner 7 in a rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber 5 is arranged in the combustion chamber 5.
  • the burners 7 are from a tank 9 via a pump 10 and a fuel line 11, which branches in front of the burners 7, fueled. This fuel burns in the Combustion chamber 5 with the one supplied via the air line 4 Air.
  • the combustion chamber 5 is capable of acoustic vibrations Form and can, if necessary as part of a overall system capable of acoustic vibrations, which, for example combustion chamber 5, one of them to turbine 2 leading flue gas line 13 and possibly the air line 4 and the fuel line 11 are considered.
  • Acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber 5, which alone or vibrates as part of such an overall system, can be caused by fluctuations in the combustion of the fuel be stimulated and maintained; in such a Fall one speaks of combustion vibrations.
  • Such combustion vibrations can become so strong that the combustion chamber 5 and other parts of the gas turbine may be damaged can.
  • Burner 7 designed differently from one another. This leads to to the fact that not all burners 7 have the same relevant properties have, and in particular that the respective Delay times characterizing the combustion process differ are from each other. That way it is with the Configuration according to FIG 1 in any case excluded that the Burner 7 collectively stimulate combustion oscillation.
  • the burners 7 in FIG. 1 are shown as so-called diffusion burners, since they put the fuel directly into the combustion chamber 5 inject.
  • the fuel can only in the combustion chamber 5 mix with the supplied air what experience has shown that diffusion takes place.
  • Diffusion burner are simple and can be operated relatively easily, but they are the most concerned with the production of nitrogen oxides complicated premix burners, which are still based on FIG be explained, inferior.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the rear wall 8 of a combustion chamber 5, seen in the direction in which the air flows to the combustion chamber 5.
  • five burners 7, all of which are essentially identical to one another are designed.
  • Each burner 7 has a number of Swirl blades 14, which one of the air that passes through it Imprint swirl. Such a twist is beneficial for that Combustion itself and for the intimate mixing of the fuel with the air.
  • the swirl blades 14 Provided in the swirl blades 14 are the nozzles 12 from which the fuel gets into the air, before it flows into the combustion chamber 5 and the Fuel can ignite. Accordingly, those in FIG. 2 illustrated burner 7 so-called "premix burner".
  • a premix burner brings a mixture of fuel and air with defined Composition for combustion, so that a much more sensitive Control of the combustion than with a diffusion burner, where the process of mixing fuel and air is practically not controllable, is possible. It also runs Combustion in a premix burner at significantly less Maximum temperatures than with a diffusion burner, which is advantageous for avoiding the production of nitrogen oxides is.
  • the blades 14 surround a hub 15; this hub 15 can serve to supply fuel to the nozzles 12 to lead.
  • FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion chamber 5 together with their rear wall 8 and two burners 7.
  • the burners 7 are again designed as a premix burner.
  • Each burner 7 shows three nozzles 12 for supplying fuel, all of which the hub 15 are arranged. Arrived from two of these nozzles the fuel between the swirl blades 14 so that it with the air flowing through it is mixed.
  • a nozzle 12 is immediate facing the interior of the combustion chamber 5.
  • This nozzle 12 forms a so-called "pilot flame” in which one Combustion takes place in the manner of a diffusion burner; this pilot flame is used to burn the between generated the swirl blades 14 and usually a clear one Excess of oxygen-containing mixture Stabilize air and fuel. This allows the Production of heat by the burner 7 within wide limits regulate.
  • the two premix burners are geometrically similar to each other, d. H. that they are only in their size, but not in theirs Differentiate proportions. This also results in a difference the relevant operating parameters, which for Exclusion of interaction of these burners 7 in the excitation a combustion vibration in the combustion chamber 5 is used becomes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for the combustion of fuel with air in a combustion chamber (5). Air is fed via at least one air inlet (6) and fuel is supplied by a plurality of burners (7). Each burner (7) presents an appropriate delay time corresponding to a period of time after which an acoustic impulse in the combustion chamber (5) causes a thermal impulse upon combustion of the fuel supplied via the burner (7). Fuel supply is controlled by the burners (7) so that burner delay times vary considerably. The invention can be used in a gas turbine combustion chamber (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen bei einer Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit Luft in einer Brennkammer, welcher durch zumindest einen Lufteinlaß die Luft und durch mehrere Brenner der Brennstoff zugeführt werden, wobei jeder Brenner eine zugehörige Verzugszeit hat, welche einer Zeitdauer entspricht, nach welcher ein akustischer Impuls in der Brennkammer einen thermischen Impuls bei der Verbrennung des über diesen Brenner zugeführten Brennstoffes hervorruft. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine entsprechende Einrichtung zur Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit Luft.The invention relates to a method for suppressing combustion vibrations during a combustion of Fuel with air in a combustion chamber, which by at least an air intake through the air and through several burners the fuel are supplied, each burner having an associated one Delay time, which corresponds to a period of time, after which an acoustic pulse in the combustion chamber thermal impulse in the combustion of this burner fuel supplied. The invention relates also a corresponding device for combustion of fuel with air.

Ein solches Verfahren und eine solche Einrichtung gehen hervor aus der WO 93/10401 A1.Such a method and such an arrangement emerge from WO 93/10401 A1.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zum Einsatz in einer Gasturbine, wobei eine Gasturbine ein Verbund aus einem Verdichter für Luft, einer Verbrennungseinrichtung umfassend zumindest eine Brennkammer zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes in der Luft unter Bildung eines Rauchgases sowie einer Turbine im eigentlichen Sinne zur Entspannung des Rauchgases ist. Die Turbine kann mehrteilig sein, also mehrere hintereinandergeschaltete Teilturbinen umfassen; gleiches gilt für den Verdichter. Der Verdichter ist insbesondere ein Turboverdichter. Im Rahmen der geläufigen Praxis treibt die Turbine den Verdichter an.The invention relates in particular to a method and a device of the type mentioned for use in a gas turbine, a gas turbine being a composite of a Compressor for air, comprising a combustion device at least one combustion chamber for burning a fuel in the air with the formation of a flue gas and a turbine in the true sense to relax the flue gas is. The turbine can be made up of several parts, i.e. several series connected Partial turbines include; the same applies to the compressor. The compressor is in particular a turbo compressor. The turbine drives as part of common practice the compressor.

Die Erfindung knüpft an an die Aufgabe der Dämpfung oder Vermeidung akustischer Schwingungen in einer Brennkammer, welche Schwingungen von der Verbrennung induziert werden und als ,,Verbrennungsschwingungen" bekannt sind. The invention relates to the task of damping or avoiding acoustic vibrations in a combustion chamber, which Vibrations induced by the combustion and as "Burning vibrations" are known.

In vielen Brennkammern, und zwar sowohl in Brennkammern in Gasturbinen, als auch in Brennkammern von Kesselfeuerungen, Industrieöfen oder anderen Anlagen, treten unter bestimmten, durch die einschlägigen thermodynamischen Betriebsparameter, wie Luftzahl und thermische Leistung, eindeutig definierten Bedingungen instabile Betriebszustände auf, die gekennzeichnet sind durch korrelierte Fluktuationen der Wärmeproduktion bei der Verbrennung und des statischen Druckes in der Brennkammer und/oder in dieser vor- und nachgeschalteten Anlagenteilen. Diese Fluktuationen äußern sich dadurch, daß in der Brennkammer selbsterregte akustische Schwingungen auftreten. Diese akustischen Schwingungen verursachen neben einer erhöhten Lärmbelastung der Umgebung der betroffenen Anlage verstärkte mechanische und thermische Beanspruchungen der Brennkammer und anderer Teile der Anlage die durchaus in kurzer Zeit zum vollständigen oder teilweisen Versagen führen können.In many combustion chambers, both in combustion chambers in Gas turbines, as well as in combustion chambers of boiler furnaces, Industrial furnaces or other plants, occur under certain, through the relevant thermodynamic operating parameters, such as air ratio and thermal power, clearly defined Conditions unstable operating conditions that are marked are due to correlated fluctuations in heat production with the combustion and the static pressure in the combustion chamber and / or in this upstream and downstream parts of the system. These fluctuations are expressed in that in the Combustion chamber self-excited acoustic vibrations occur. These acoustic vibrations cause an increased one Noise pollution in the vicinity of the affected plant increased mechanical and thermal stresses on the combustion chamber and other parts of the system which are quite short Time can lead to complete or partial failure.

Der mit steigenden Forderungen im Hinblick auf eine möglichst schadstoffarme Verbrennung einhergehende verstärkte Einsatz von Vormischbrennern in entsprechenden Brennkammern führt aufgrund der mit einem Vormischbrenner erreichten höheren Reaktionsdichte, der von der chemischen Zusammensetzung des zur Verbrennung anstehenden Gemisches stärker als in einem Diffusionsbrenner abhängigen Zündung sowie der gegenüber einem Diffusionsbrenner verringerten konvektiven Verzugszeit innerhalb der gebildeten Flamme zu einer erhöhten Neigung zum Ausbilden von Verbrennungsschwingungen.The one with increasing demands with regard to a possible Low-emission combustion associated increased use of premix burners in appropriate combustion chambers due to the higher reaction density achieved with a premix burner, of the chemical composition of the Combustion mixture is stronger than in a diffusion burner dependent ignition as well as the opposite one Diffusion burners reduced convective lag time within the flame formed to an increased tendency to form of combustion vibrations.

Eine Verbrennungsschwingung beruht im allgemeinen auf einer Wechselwirkung zwischen der Strömung der aus dem eingesetzten Brenner austretenden Reaktionspartner und dem Energieumsatz bei der Verbrennung, wobei die Wechselwirkung in Verbindung mit einer in der Brennkammer und daran angeschlossenen Anlagenteilen auftretenden akustischen Resonanz eine stabile akustische Schwingung erzeugt und unterhält. Dabei liegt ein geschlossener Wirkungskreis in einem aus dem Brenner nebst Zuleitungen, der Flamme selbst und der Brennkammer bzw. einem mit dieser gebildeten, akustisch schwingungsfähigen System vor. Die zur Ausbildung und Aufrechterhaltung der akustischen Schwingung erforderliche Energie wird dabei aus dem Verbrennungsprozeß selbst geliefert.A combustion vibration is generally based on one Interaction between the flow of the used Burner escaping reactants and energy turnover when burning, the interaction being related with one in the combustion chamber and connected system parts occurring acoustic resonance a stable acoustic Vibration generates and maintains. There is a closed one Efficacy in a burner with supply lines, the flame itself and the combustion chamber or one with this educated, acoustically vibrating system in front. The training and maintenance of acoustic The energy required for vibration comes from the combustion process delivered itself.

Die akustischen Verhältnisse in einer Brennkammer nebst angeschlossenen Systemen sind eingehend erläutert in dem Buch "Combustion-Driven-Oscillations in Industry" von A.A. Putnam, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York 1971, Seite 2. Auch ist hinzuweisen auf die Dissertation "Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen der Entstehungsmechanismen selbsterregter Druckschwingungen in technischen Vormisch-Verbrennungssystemen" von H. Büchner, Universität Karlsruhe 1992, Seiten 4 u. 5. Vorgestellt und erläutert wird jeweils eine als "Rayleigh-Kriterium" bekannte Bedingung, welche erfüllt sein muß, damit eine stabile Verbrennungsschwingung auftreten kann.The acoustic conditions in a combustion chamber and connected Systems are explained in detail in the book "Combustion-Driven-Oscillations in Industry" by A.A. Putnam, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York 1971, Page 2. Please also note the dissertation "Experimental and theoretical studies of the mechanisms of origin self-excited pressure vibrations in technical Premixed Combustion Systems "by H. Büchner, University Karlsruhe 1992, pages 4 u. 5. Presented and explained a condition known as the "Rayleigh criterion" which must be fulfilled for a stable combustion oscillation can occur.

Aus dem Rayleigh-Kriterium ableitbar ist auch ein Kriterium, welches die Periodendauer einer akustischen Schwingung, für die die Möglichkeit ihres Auftretens erörtert wird, in Beziehung setzt zu einer einen Brenner und seinen Betrieb wesentlich charakterisierenden "Verzugszeit". Diese Verzugszeit ist eine Zeitdauer, nach welcher ein akustischer Impuls in der Brennkammer, an die der Brenner angeschlossen ist, einen thermischen Impuls bei der Verbrennung des über den Brenner zugeführten Brennstoffs hervorruft. Bezogen auf eine in der Brennkammer vorliegende stabile Schwingung und eine von dieser über den Brenner bewirkten thermischen Schwingung, also einer periodischen Schwankung des Energieumsatzes bei der durch den Brenner bewirkten Verbrennung, entspricht die Verzugszeit einer Phasendifferenz zwischen der akustischen und der thermischen Schwingung. Hierzu ist besonders hinzuweisen auf die Dissertation von Büchner, S. 26-29, sowie den Bericht "Untersuchung der Anregungsmechanismen selbsterregter Verbrennungsschwingungen an einem Verbrennungssystem für Flüssigkraftstoff" von J. Herrmann, P. Zangl, S. Gleis und D. Vortmeyer, VDI-Berichte Nr. 1193 (1995), S. 251-260.Derivable from the Rayleigh criterion is also a criterion which is the period of an acoustic vibration, for which discusses the possibility of their occurrence in a relationship relies on a burner and its operation essential characterizing "delay time". This delay time is a time period after which an acoustic pulse in the Combustion chamber to which the burner is connected, one thermal impulse during the combustion of the burner fuel supplied. Relating to one in the Combustion chamber stable vibration and one of these thermal vibration caused by the burner, ie a periodic fluctuation in energy turnover at combustion caused by the burner corresponds to the delay time a phase difference between the acoustic and thermal vibration. It is important to point this out to Büchner's dissertation, pp. 26-29, and the report "Investigation of the excitation mechanisms of self-excited combustion vibrations on a combustion system for liquid fuel " by J. Herrmann, P. Zangl, S. Gleis and D. Vortmeyer, VDI Reports No. 1193 (1995), pp. 251-260.

Die Verzugszeit eines Brenners in einer Brennkammer setzt sich zusammen aus verschiedenen Summanden, die jeweils auf einzelne Komponenten des Systems aus Brenner, Brennkammer und Flamme zurückführbar sind. Die auf den Brenner und die Brennkammer beziehbaren Summanden bestimmen sich hauptsächlich durch die Geometrie von Brenner und Brennkammer; ein auf die Flamme selbst zurückführbarer Summand ist wesentlich durch die Eigenschaften der Verbrennung selbst bestimmt. Der Summand selbst läßt sich weiter zerlegen in eine "konvektive Verzugszeit", die eine Transportzeit für den Transport der Reaktionspartner zur Flammenfront, wo die Verbrennung einsetzt, charakterisiert, eine "Aufheizungszeit", welche die Zeit für die Aufheizung der Reaktionspartner auf die zur Zündung erforderliche Temperatur angibt, sowie eine "reaktionskinetische Verzugszeit", welche durch den Ablauf der Verbrennung selbst bestimmt ist. In der Regel überwiegt die konvektive Verzugszeit die beiden anderen Summanden deutlich.The delay time of a burner in a combustion chamber sets composed of different summands, each based on individual components of the system from burner, combustion chamber and Flame are traceable. The on the burner and the combustion chamber Available summands are mainly determined due to the geometry of the burner and combustion chamber; one on the Flame itself is a summand that is essentially recyclable determines the properties of the combustion itself. The summand itself can be further broken down into a "convective Delay Time ", which is a transportation time for the transportation of the Reaction partner to the flame front, where the combustion begins, characterized a "heating time" which the Time for the reactants to heat up for ignition indicates the required temperature, and a "reaction kinetic delay time", which is due to the expiry the combustion itself is determined. Usually prevails the convective delay time clearly shows the other two summands.

Herkömmliche Mittel zur Unterdrückung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in einer Brennkammer beruhen entweder darauf, daß mehr oder weniger empirisch passive akustische Mittel wie Drosselstellen, Resonatoren und/oder Schalldämpfer zum Einsatz kommen, siehe das erwähnte Buch von Putnam, S. 156-175, oder daß die Zuführung des Brennstoffes einer aktiven Modulation mit dem Ziel der Entkopplung der Energiefreisetzung von akustischen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer vorgenommen wird. Eine solche Maßnahme wird als "aktive Instabilitätskontrolle" bezeichnet; zur Erläuterung siehe den Aufsatz "Die 'aktive Instabilitätskontrolle' als Untersuchungsmethode für selbsterregte Verbrennungsinstabilitäten" von S. Gleis und D. Vortmeyer, VDI-Berichte Nr. 765 (1989), S. 645-656. In der DE 42 41 729 A1 ist ein Aktuator beschrieben, durch den einem unter Druck stehenden Flüssigkeitsstrom eine Massenstrom- oder Druckschwankung aufprägbar ist. Der Aktuator wird für eine Verwendung zur aktiven Regelung von Verbrennungsinstabilitäten bei Flüssigtreibstoff-Brennern sowie bei Geräten zur Zerstäubung von Flüssigkeiten vorgeschlagen.Conventional means for suppressing combustion vibration in a combustion chamber are based either on the fact that more or less empirically passive acoustic means like Throttling points, resonators and / or silencers are used come, see the mentioned book by Putnam, pp. 156-175, or that the supply of fuel to an active modulation with the aim of decoupling the energy release from acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber. Such a measure is called "active instability control" designated; for an explanation see the essay "Die 'aktiv Instability control 'as an investigation method for Self-excited Burning Instabilities "by S. Gleis and D. Vortmeyer, VDI Reports No. 765 (1989), pp. 645-656. In the DE 42 41 729 A1 describes an actuator through which one pressurized liquid flow a mass flow or pressure fluctuation can be impressed. The actuator is used for a use for the active control of combustion instabilities with liquid fuel burners and devices for Atomization of liquids suggested.

Die herkömmlichen passiven Maßnahmen zur Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen zielen darauf ab, den Betrieb der Anlage durch Verschiebung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Teilsystemen so zu stabilisieren, daß über den gesamten gewünschten Betriebsbereich keine Verbrennungsschwingungen mehr auftreten. Diese Maßnahmen erfordern Mittel, die im Einzelfall an die jeweilige Anlage angepaßt werden müssen und stet die Gefahr in sich bergen, daß zwar bekannte instabile Betriebspunkte stabilisiert, jedoch neue Instabilitäten unter anderen Betriebsbedingungen hervorgerufen werden.The conventional passive measures to suppress Combustion vibrations aim to operate the System by shifting the acoustic properties of Stabilize subsystems so that the entire desired Operating area no more combustion vibrations occur. These measures require funds in individual cases have to be adapted to the respective system and continuously involve the risk that known unstable operating points stabilized, however new instabilities under other operating conditions.

In der DE 43 36 096 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Reduktion von Schwingungen in Brennkammern angegeben. Hierin sind in Strömungsrichtung vor der Brennkammer mehrere Brenner angeordnet, wobei benachbarte Brenner jeweils in Strömungsrichtung um einen vorgegebenen Abstand verschoben zueinander angeordnet sind. Dieser vorgegebene Abstand ist hierbei so gewählt, daß bei einem Betrieb der Brenner die sich in Strömungsrichtung ausbreitenden Temperaturschwankungen benachbarter Brenner gerade entgegengesetzt sind. In einem Querschnitt zur Strömungsrichtung liegen somit Verbrennungszonen mit einer positiven und einer negativen Abweichung von einer mittleren Temperatur nebeneinander, wobei eine Vermischung dieser Bereiche in Strömungsrichtung stattfindet und somit eine Vergleichmäßigung der Temperatur auftritt. Dies soll eine Verbrennungsschwingung induziert durch Temperaturschwankungen und damit aufgrund unterschiedlicher Dichten auch Druckschwankungen unterbinden.DE 43 36 096 A1 describes a device for reducing Vibrations in combustion chambers specified. Here are in the direction of flow several burners arranged in front of the combustion chamber, with adjacent burners each in the direction of flow predetermined distance from each other are. This predetermined distance is chosen so that when the burner is in operation in the direction of flow spreading temperature fluctuations of neighboring burners straight are opposite. In a cross section to the direction of flow thus there are combustion zones with a positive and a negative deviation from an average temperature side by side, mixing these areas takes place in the direction of flow and thus an equalization the temperature occurs. This is said to be a combustion vibration induced by temperature fluctuations and thus prevent pressure fluctuations due to different densities.

Aktive Maßnahmen zur Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen sind in industriellen Anlagen nur mit hohem Aufwand zu realisieren, insbesondere dann, wenn ein gasförmiger Brennstoff eingesetzt werden soll, und außerdem störanfällig und wartungsbedürftig. Sie führen darüber hinaus lediglich zu einer Dämpfung der jeweils vorliegenden Instabilitäten und sind in ihrer Wirksamkeit stark von den im jeweiligen Einzelfall maßgeblichen baulichen Gegebenheiten der Anlage eingeschränkt.Active measures to suppress combustion vibrations are only too expensive in industrial plants realize, especially if a gaseous fuel to be used, and also prone to failure and in need of maintenance. They only lead to one Attenuation of the existing instabilities and are in its effectiveness strongly from that in the respective individual case relevant structural conditions of the system.

Dementsprechend ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, neue passive Maßnahmen an einer Brennkammer mit mehreren Brennern anzugeben, welche zu einer zuverlässigen Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen geeignet sind. Die Maßnahmen sollen sowohl für flüssige als auch für gasförmige Brennstoffe unabhängig von apparativen und funktionellen Einzelheiten der Brennkammer anwendbar sein. Es sollen keine bewegten Teile oder anderweitig aktive Komponenten verwendet werden. Die Erfindung soll sowohl ein entsprechendes Verfahren als auch eine entsprechende Einrichtung angeben.Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to create new passive ones Specify measures on a combustion chamber with several burners, which reliably suppresses combustion vibrations are suitable. The measures should both independent for liquid as well as for gaseous fuels of apparatus and functional details of the Combustion chamber applicable. There should be no moving parts or other active components are used. The invention should be both a corresponding procedure as well specify an appropriate facility.

Im Hinblick auf ein Verfahren wird zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß angegeben ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1.With regard to a method, a method according to the invention is specified for achieving this object.

Die Erfindung geht aus von der Erkenntnis, daß es in einer Brennkammer, wie sie üblicherweise in einer Gasturbine eingesetzt wird und die in der Regel mehrere gleichartige Brenner aufweist, durch Zusammenwirken der Brenner zu einer verstärkten Anregung von Verbrennungsschwingungen kommen kann. Bilden sich zunächst bei nur einem Brenner thermische Schwingungen in Wechselwirkung mit akustischen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer aus, so regt dieser eine Brenner jeden anderen Brenner in der Brennkammer ebenfalls zum Schwingen an. Dieser Effekt äußert sich beispielsweise darin, daß es in einer Brennkammer mit mehreren, gleichartigen Brennern jeweils scharfe Übergänge zwischen Betriebszuständen mit bzw. ohne Verbrennungsschwingungen gibt. Da auftretende Verbrennungsschwingungen stets von mehreren Brennern ausgehen, werden bei solchen Verbrennungsschwingungen auch sehr hohe Amplituden beobachtet.The invention is based on the knowledge that it is in a Combustion chamber, as is usually used in a gas turbine is and usually several similar burners has, by interaction of the burner to a reinforced Excitation of combustion vibrations can come. Form thermal vibrations occur with only one burner in interaction with acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber off, this one burner excites every other burner also starts to vibrate in the combustion chamber. This effect is expressed, for example, in the fact that it is in a combustion chamber with several, similar burners each with sharp transitions between operating states with or without combustion vibrations gives. Since combustion vibrations occur always start from several burners, such combustion vibrations very high amplitudes were also observed.

Dagegen sieht die Erfindung vor, Brenner mit unterschiedlichen akustischen Eigenschaften, d. h. vor allem unterschiedlichen Verzugszeiten, vorzusehen. Dadurch können sich die Brenner nicht untereinander anregen, und es kann außerdem stets ein Dämpfungseffekt ausgehend jeweils von einem stabil arbeitenden Brenner, ausgenutzt werden.In contrast, the invention provides burners with different acoustic properties, d. H. especially different Delay times to be provided. This allows the Do not excite burners among themselves and it can also Always a damping effect based on a stable working burner.

Vorzugsweise wird das Verfahren in einem Fall, in dem jedem Brenner ein zugehöriger Lufteinlaß zugeordnet ist, durch welchen zugehörigen Lufteinlaß die Luft in einem zugehörigen Strom der Brennkammer zugeführt wird, so ausgestaltet, daß die zugehörigen Ströme der Brenner wesentlich verschieden untereinander sind. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß die den jeweiligen Betrieb der Brenner charakterisierenden thermodynamischen Verhältnisse sicher verschieden voneinander sind und die Verschiedenheit der Verzugszeiten der Brenner untereinander gewährleistet ist.Preferably the method is used in a case where everyone Burner is assigned an associated air inlet through which associated air inlet the air in an associated Current is supplied to the combustion chamber, designed so that the associated currents of the burners differ considerably from one another are. This ensures that the respective Operation of the burner characterizing thermodynamic Relationships are certainly different from each other and the difference in the delay times between the burners is guaranteed.

Eine alternative Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens, wobei jedem Brenner ein zugehöriger Lufteinlaß zugeordnet ist, durch welchen die Luft in einem zugehörigen Strom der Brennkammer zugeführt wird, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brenner im wesentlichen gleich untereinander gestaltet sind, und an jedem außer einem zugehörigen Lufteinlaß der zugehörige Strom gedrosselt wird, so daß alle zugehörigen Ströme wesentlich verschieden untereinander sind. Alternativ wird an jedem zugehörigen Lufteinlaß der zugehörige Strom gedrosselt; dies kann erwünscht sein, um dem Strom gewisse erwünschte Eigenschaften zu geben, z.B. ihn zu homogenisieren. Diese Ausgestaltungen erlauben die Verwendung von Brennern, die im wesentlichen gleich untereinander sind, und stellt die notwendige Verschiedenheit der Verzugszeiten sicher durch eine einfache und billige zusätzliche Maßnahme.An alternative embodiment of the method, each Burner is assigned an associated air inlet through which the air is supplied to the combustion chamber in an associated stream is characterized in that the burner in are designed essentially the same among each other, and on each apart from an associated air inlet, the associated stream is throttled so that all associated currents are essential are different from each other. Alternatively, be associated with each Air inlet the associated flow throttled; this may be desirable to give the stream certain desirable properties to give, e.g. to homogenize him. These configurations allow the use of burners that are essentially are equal to each other, and provides the necessary Difference of delay times safely due to a simple and cheap additional measure.

Eine weitere zusätzliche Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens für den Fall, daß jedem Brenner ein zugehöriger Lufteinlaß zugeordnet ist, durch welchen die Luft in einen zugehörigen Strom in die Brennkammer geführt wird, und wobei die zugehörigen Ströme untereinander geometrisch ähnlich sind, ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß die Brenner untereinander geometrisch ähnlich, jedoch verschieden groß sind. Diese Ausgestaltung ist auch im Hinblick auf eine entsprechende Einrichtung von Interesse, da diese Ausgestaltung es immerhin erlaubt, für die Brenner eine einzige Form vorzusehen und diese für die Herstellung der unterschiedlichen Brenner lediglich unterschiedlich zu skalieren. Die Verschiedenheit der Verzugszeiten bleibt gewährleistet, da die Verzugszeit eines Brenners nicht allein durch seine Geometrie bestimmt und somit nicht skaleninvariant ist.Another additional embodiment of the method for the Case that each burner is assigned an associated air inlet is through which the air flows into an associated stream Combustion chamber is guided, and the associated streams are geometrically similar to each other, is characterized by that the burners are geometrically similar to one another, however are different sizes. This configuration is also in With regard to an appropriate facility of interest, since this configuration at least allows one for the burners to provide only shape and this for the production of the different Simply scale the burner differently. The difference in the delay times remains guaranteed because the delay time of a burner is not by itself determines its geometry and is therefore not scale-invariant.

Alle beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens können derart weitergebildet werden, daß jedem Brenner der Brennstoff so zugeführt wird, daß ein für alle Brenner vorgegebenes Mischungsverhältnis zwischen einer Rate des zugeführten Brennstoffs und einer Rate der durch den zugehörigen Lufteinlaß zugeführten Luft eingehalten wird. Diese Ausgestaltung ist von besonderem Interesse deshalb, weil sie es gestattet, jeden Brenner im Hinblick auf die von der Verbrennung insgesamt gewünschten thermischen Leistung optimal hinsichtlich einer stets unerwünschten Produktion von Stickoxiden zu betreiben. Die Ausgestaltung erfordert allerdings eine entsprechend ertüchtigte Brennstoffzufuhr. All described embodiments of the method can be done in this way be further developed that each burner's fuel is supplied in such a way that a mixing ratio specified for all burners between a rate of fuel supplied and a rate of through the associated air intake supplied air is observed. This configuration is of particular interest because it allows everyone Burner in terms of total combustion desired thermal performance optimal with regard to a always operate undesirable production of nitrogen oxides. The design, however, requires an appropriately upgraded one Fuel supply.

Alternativ kann auch vorgesehen sein, daß jedem Brenner der Brennstoff mit einer für alle Brenner vorgegebenen Rate zugeführt wird. Dies bedeutet zwar, daß einzelne Brenner unter Umständen nicht optimal hinsichtlich der Produktion von Stickoxiden betrieben werden, was aber im Hinblick auf die einfache Brennstoffzufuhr unter Umständen annehmbar ist.Alternatively, it can also be provided that each burner Fuel is supplied at a rate specified for all burners becomes. While this means that individual burners are under Maybe not optimal with regard to the production of Nitrogen oxides are operated, but what with regard to simple fuel supply may be acceptable.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist das Verfahren zur Anwendung in Zusammenhang mit einer Brennkammer, die resonant ist für eine akustische Schwingung mit einer bestimmten Periodendauer, wobei die zugehörige Verzugszeit jedes Brenners zwischen einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen minus einem Viertel und dem ganzzahligen Vielfachen plus einem Viertel der Periodendauer liegt. Dies entspricht der Einhaltung des von Herrmann et al sowie Büchner aus dem Rayleigh-Kriterium abgeleiteten Kriterium zwischen der Verzugszeit und der Periodendauer der in Betracht genommenen akustischen Schwingung. Der Begriff "ganzzahliges Vielfaches" schließt dabei auch Null ein. Es versteht sich, daß die Verzugszeit definitionsgemäß keine negativen Werte annehmen kann. Das Merkmal, daß die Brennkammer für eine bestimmte akustische Schwingung resonant sei, soll nicht als Einschränkung dahingehend aufgefaßt werden, daß für diese Resonanz nur die Brennkammer allein bestimmend sein dürfe; es versteht sich, daß die Brennkammer im Regelfall Teil eines mehr oder weniger komplexen akustischen Gesamtsystems ist, wobei die Resonanz mit allen wesentlichen Parametern durch das akustische Gesamtsystem definiert wird.The method for use in is of particular importance Relation to a combustion chamber that is resonant for one acoustic vibration with a certain period, whereby the associated delay time of each burner between one integer multiples minus a quarter and the integer Multiples plus a quarter of the period. This corresponds to the adherence to that of Herrmann et al as well Büchner criterion derived from the Rayleigh criterion between the delay time and the period in question taken acoustic vibration. The term "Integer multiple" also includes zero. It it goes without saying that the delay time is by definition not negative Can assume values. The feature that the combustion chamber should be resonant for a certain acoustic vibration should not be construed as a limitation that for this resonance can only determine the combustion chamber alone may; it goes without saying that the combustion chamber as a rule Part of a more or less complex overall acoustic system is, the resonance with all essential parameters is defined by the overall acoustic system.

Von besonderem Interesse ist auch eine Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens dahingehend, daß in jedem Brenner der Brennstoff mit der Luft vermischt wird, bevor er in der Brennkammer verbrannt wird. Im Rahmen dieser Ausgestaltung kommt somit die einschlägig bekannte "Vormischverbrennung" zum Einsatz. Die Vormischverbrennung ist von besonderem Interesse deshalb, weil sie bei niedrigeren Temperaturen als die mit einfacheren Mitteln zu bewirkende Diffusionsverbrennung abläuft und daher bedeutend weniger als die Diffusionsverbrennung zur Produktion von Stickoxiden neigt. Von Bedeutung in diesem Zusammenhang ist, daß die Erfindung auch einen Ausgleich schafft für die eingangs erwähnten thermodynamisch-akustischen Probleme der Vormischverbrennung.An embodiment of the process is also of particular interest in that the fuel with in each burner the air is mixed before being burned in the combustion chamber becomes. Within the scope of this configuration, the well-known "premix combustion". The Premix combustion is of particular interest, because they are at lower temperatures than those with simpler ones Diffusion combustion to be effected expires and therefore significantly less than diffusion combustion for production of nitrogen oxides. Of importance in this context is that the invention also compensates for the thermodynamic-acoustic problems mentioned at the beginning premix combustion.

Das Verfahren jedweder Ausgestaltung ist besonders ausgezeichnet zur Anwendung an einer Gasturbine, wobei die Luft aus einem Verdichter bereitgestellt wird und Rauchgas, welches in der Brennkammer entsteht, indem der Brennstoff in der Luft verbrannt wird, einer Turbine zugeführt wird.The process of any configuration is particularly excellent for use on a gas turbine, the air is provided from a compressor and flue gas, which in the combustion chamber is created by the fuel in the Air is burned and fed to a turbine.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe, soweit diese sich auf eine Einrichtung bezieht, angegeben wird erfindungsgemäß eine Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11.To solve the task, insofar as this relates to a facility a device according to claim 11 is specified.

Wesentliche Vorzüge dieser Einrichtung erschließen sich aus den Vorzügen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und seiner Ausgestaltungen, worauf hiermit verwiesen wird. Das Verfahren und seine Ausgestaltungen erfordern unter Umständen bestimmte einrichtungsmäßige Merkmale, welche als Merkmale von Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ansehbar sind. Gleiches gilt für verfahrensmäßige Merkmale, die sich aus der Einrichtung und ihren Ausgestaltungen erschließen und analog als Merkmale von Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens aufzufassen sind.The main advantages of this facility are obvious the advantages of the method according to the invention and its configurations, which is hereby referred to. The procedure and its designs may require certain furnishing features, which are features of configurations the device according to the invention can be viewed. The same applies to procedural characteristics that result from the Open up institution and its designs and analog to be understood as features of embodiments of the method are.

Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Einrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Brenner untereinander geometrisch verschieden sind.A preferred further development of the facility is emerging characterized in that the burners differ geometrically from one another are.

Alternativ sind die Brenner in der Einrichtung geometrisch gleich untereinander, und die Brennstoffzufuhr ist eingerichtet zur Zuführung des Brennstoffes zu den Brennern mit jeweiligen Raten, welche Raten wesentlich verschieden untereinander sind.Alternatively, the burners in the device are geometric right next to each other, and the fuel supply is set up to supply the fuel to the burners with respective Guess which rates are significantly different from each other are.

Eine andere Alternative ist dadurch charakterisiert, daß jedem Brenner ein zugehöriger Lufteinlaß zugeordnet ist, und an jedem außer einem, oder an jedem, Brenner eine Drossel zur Drosselung eines den zugehörigen Lufteinlaß durchströmenden Stromes der Luft vorgesehen ist. Eine solche Drossel kann beispielsweise eine dem Brenner vorgeschaltete Blende sein.Another alternative is characterized in that everyone Burner is assigned an associated air inlet, and on a throttle for everyone except one, or on each burner Throttling a flowing through the associated air inlet Current of the air is provided. Such a choke can for example, an aperture upstream of the burner.

Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Weiterbildung der Einrichtung dahingehend, daß die Brennkammer resonant ist für eine akustische Schwingung mit einer bestimmten Periodendauer, und daß für jeden Brenner die zugehörige Verzugszeit zwischen einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen minus einem Viertel und dem ganzzahligen Vielfachen plus einem Viertel der Periodendauer liegt. Diese Ausgestaltung korrespondiert zu einer bereits erläuterten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und alle dazu gemachten Ausführungen gelten analog für die Ausgestaltung der Einrichtung.A further development of the device is particularly preferred in that the combustion chamber is resonant for an acoustic Vibration with a certain period, and that the associated delay time between one for each burner integer multiples minus a quarter and the integer Multiples plus a quarter of the period lies. This configuration already corresponds to one explained embodiment of the method according to the invention, and all statements made apply analogously to the Organization of the facility.

Besonders bevorzugt ist die Einrichtung zur Verwendung an einer Gasturbine, wobei die Brennkammer zwischen einem Verdichter und einer Turbine der Gasturbine angeordnet ist.The device is particularly preferred for use on a Gas turbine, the combustion chamber between a compressor and a turbine of the gas turbine is arranged.

Zur Anordnung der mehreren Brenner in der Brennkammer sei angemerkt, daß eine nach Möglichkeit unsymmetrische Anordnung der Brenner bevorzugt wird. Wie die unsymmetrische Anordnung im Einzelfall aussehen kann, und nach welchem Kriterium eine "ausreichende Unsymmetrie" feststellbar ist, bleibt für jeden Einzelfall dem Ermessen der einschlägig bewanderten und tätigen Person überlassen. Der dabei hauptsächlich zu beachtende Grundsatz läuft darauf hinaus, daß eine akustische Schwingung im Regelfall gekennzeichnet ist durch eine mehr oder weniger symmetrische Anordnung stehender akustischer Wellen in dem schwingenden Gesamtsystem. Als Beispiel sei hingewiesen auf eine an einer ringförmigen Brennkammer beobachtete Verbrennungsschwingung, welche gekennzeichnet war durch akustische Wellen, die die ringförmige Brennkammer geschlossen umliefen. Die Wellenlänge der akustischen Schwingungen entsprach dabei einem halben mittleren Umfang der ringförmigen Brennkammer. Zur Unterdrückung einer solchen Schwingung wäre es von Vorteil, bei der Anordnung der Brenner zweizählige oder vierzählige Symmetrien zu vermeiden.Regarding the arrangement of the several burners in the combustion chamber, it should be noted that an asymmetrical arrangement if possible the burner is preferred. Like the asymmetrical arrangement can look in individual cases, and according to which criterion a "Sufficient asymmetry" can be determined, remains for everyone In individual cases, at the discretion of those who are relevant and active Leave person. The main one to be observed Principle boils down to an acoustic vibration is usually characterized by a more or less symmetrical arrangement of standing acoustic waves in the vibrating overall system. As an example, reference is made to a combustion oscillation observed on an annular combustion chamber, which was characterized by acoustic Waves that closed around the annular combustion chamber. The wavelength of the acoustic vibrations corresponded to this half an average circumference of the annular combustion chamber. To suppress such a vibration, it would be advantageous in the arrangement of the burners two-fold or four-fold To avoid symmetries.

Die Erfindung fordert nicht, daß es in der Brennkammer keine zwei Brenner mit identischen Eigenschaften geben dürfe; dem Zweck der Erfindung kann durchaus gedient werden mit einer Brennkammer, an welche von mehreren Typen von Brennern jeweils mehrere Brenner angeschlossen sind. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde an einer Gasturbinen mit zwei Silobrennkammern herkömmlichen Typs, deren jede sechs untereinander gleiche Brenner zur Verbrennung von Heizöl aufwies, beim Betrieb unter 80 % der für die Auslegung maßgeblichen Nennlast akustische Schwingungen mit Amplituden von 100 mbar beobachtet. Diese akustischen Schwingungen konnten beseitigt werden, indem in jeder Silobrennkammer zwei der sechs Brenner gegen leicht modifizierte Brenner ausgetauscht wurden. Die modifizierten Brenner waren so ausgelegt, daß sie bei Nennlast etwa 8 % weniger Brennstoff erhielten als die unveränderten Brenner. Die modifizierten Brenner wurden so eingesetzt, daß sie jeweils einen unveränderten Brenner zwischen sich einschlossen. Die modifizierte Konfiguration der Brenner erlaubte es, die Gasturbine bis zu 100 % ihrer Nennlast zu betreiben, ohne daß akustische Schwingungen in merklicher Höhe auftraten.The invention does not require that there be none in the combustion chamber may give two burners with identical properties; the Purpose of the invention can be served with a Combustion chamber to which of several types of burners each several burners are connected. In this context was on a gas turbine with two silo combustion chambers conventional type, each of which is the same as six Burner for the combustion of heating oil exhibited when operating under 80% of the nominal load relevant for the design acoustic Vibrations with amplitudes of 100 mbar observed. These acoustic vibrations could be eliminated by against each of the six burners in each silo combustion chamber slightly modified burners were replaced. The modified Burners were designed so that they operate at nominal load Received 8% less fuel than the unchanged burners. The modified burners were used so that they each included an unchanged burner between them. The modified configuration of the burners allowed operate the gas turbine up to 100% of its nominal load, without acoustic vibrations occurring at a noticeable height.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Die Zeichnung ist teilweise schematisiert ausgeführt und nicht als Wiedergabe konkret ausgeführter Anlagen oder Anlagenkomponenten aufzufassen.

FIG 1
eine Gasturbine und eine Einrichtung zur Verbrennung
eines Brennstoffes mit Luft;
FIG 2
eine Draufsicht auf eine Brennkammer mit mehreren Brennern;
FIG 3
einen schematisierten Querschnitt durch eine Brennkammer mit mehreren Brennern.
Embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the drawing. The drawing is partially schematic and is not to be understood as a reproduction of specific systems or system components.
FIG. 1
a gas turbine and a device for combustion
a fuel with air;
FIG 2
a plan view of a combustion chamber with several burners;
FIG 3
a schematic cross section through a combustion chamber with several burners.

In der Zeichnung tragen einander entsprechende Komponenten jeweils dasselbe Bezugszeichen.Corresponding components are shown in the drawing the same reference number in each case.

FIG 1 zeigt eine Gasturbine mit einem Verdichter 1 und einer Turbine 2, welche über eine Welle 3 den Verdichter 1 antreibt. Aus dem Verdichter 1 gelangt verdichtete Luft über eine Luftleitung 4 zu der Brennkammer 5 und tritt in diese durch Lufteinlässe 6, deren jeder einem Brenner 7 zugeordnet ist, wobei jeder Brenner 7 in einer Rückwand 8 der Brennkammer 5 angeordnet ist, in die Brennkammer 5 ein. Die Brenner 7 werden aus einem Tank 9 über eine Pumpe 10 und eine Brennstoffleitung 11, welche sich vor den Brennern 7 verzweigt, mit Brennstoff versorgt. Dieser Brennstoff verbrennt in der Brennkammer 5 mit der über die Luftleitung 4 zugeführten Luft. 1 shows a gas turbine with a compressor 1 and one Turbine 2, which drives the compressor 1 via a shaft 3. Compressed air passes from the compressor 1 an air line 4 to the combustion chamber 5 and enters it through air inlets 6, each of which is assigned to a burner 7 is, each burner 7 in a rear wall 8 of the combustion chamber 5 is arranged in the combustion chamber 5. The burners 7 are from a tank 9 via a pump 10 and a fuel line 11, which branches in front of the burners 7, fueled. This fuel burns in the Combustion chamber 5 with the one supplied via the air line 4 Air.

Die Brennkammer 5 ist ein zu akustischen Schwingungen fähiges Gebilde und kann, gegebenenfalls als Bestandteil eines zu akustischen Schwingungen fähigen Gesamtsystems, welches beispielsweise die Brennkammer 5, eine von dieser zur Turbine 2 führende Rauchgasleitung 13 sowie gegebenenfalls die Luftleitung 4 und die Brennstoffleitung 11 umfaßt angesehen werden. Akustische Schwingungen in der Brennkammer 5, welche allein oder als Bestandteil eines solchen Gesamtsystems schwingt, können durch Fluktuationen bei der Verbrennung des Brennstoffes angeregt und aufrechterhalten werden; in einem solchen Fall spricht man von Verbrennungsschwingungen. Solche Verbrennungsschwingungen können so stark werden, daß die Brennkammer 5 und andere Teile der Gasturbine beschädigt werden können.The combustion chamber 5 is capable of acoustic vibrations Form and can, if necessary as part of a overall system capable of acoustic vibrations, which, for example combustion chamber 5, one of them to turbine 2 leading flue gas line 13 and possibly the air line 4 and the fuel line 11 are considered. Acoustic vibrations in the combustion chamber 5, which alone or vibrates as part of such an overall system, can be caused by fluctuations in the combustion of the fuel be stimulated and maintained; in such a Fall one speaks of combustion vibrations. Such combustion vibrations can become so strong that the combustion chamber 5 and other parts of the gas turbine may be damaged can.

Um solchen Verbrennungsschwingungen vorzubeugen und insbesondere auszuschließen, daß mehrere der Brenner 7 zur Anregung einer solchen Verbrennungsschwingung zusammenwirken, sind die Brenner 7 untereinander verschieden gestaltet. Dies führt dazu, daß nicht alle Brenner 7 dieselben relevanten Eigenschaften aufweisen, und daß insbesondere die den jeweiligen Verbrennungsprozeß charakterisierenden Verzugszeiten verschieden voneinander sind. Auf diese Weise ist es bei der Konfiguration gemäß FIG 1 jedenfalls ausgeschlossen, daß die Brenner 7 kollektiv eine Verbrennungsschwingung anregen.To prevent such combustion vibrations and in particular rule out that several of the burners 7 for excitation of such a combustion oscillation are the Burner 7 designed differently from one another. this leads to to the fact that not all burners 7 have the same relevant properties have, and in particular that the respective Delay times characterizing the combustion process differ are from each other. That way it is with the Configuration according to FIG 1 in any case excluded that the Burner 7 collectively stimulate combustion oscillation.

Hinweise zu bevorzugten Betriebsweisen der Brenner 7 sind bereits gegeben worden; alle diese Hinweise sind für das anhand der FIG 1 skizzierte Ausführungsbeispiel von Interesse. Insbesondere ist es möglich, den Brennstoff nach gewissen bevorzugten Vorgaben auf die Brenner 7 zu verteilen; dabei kann insbesondere darauf hingewirkt werden, daß jeder Brenner 7 so arbeitet, daß eine Rate der durch seinen zugehörigen Lufteinlaß 6 zugeführten Luft zur Rate des durch seine zugehörige Düse 12 geführten Brennstoffs in einem für alle Brenner 7 vorgegebenen Verhältnis steht. Eine solche Betriebsweise wird bevorzugt, um die Produktion von Stickoxiden in der Brennkammer 5 so gering wie möglich zu halten.There are already indications of preferred modes of operation of the burners 7 been given; all of these pointers are based on that 1 outlined embodiment of interest. In particular it is possible to prefer the fuel according to certain Distribute specifications to the burner 7; can be worked in particular that each burner 7 so that works a rate of through its associated air intake 6 supplied air at the rate of through its associated Nozzle 12 guided fuel in one for all burners 7th given ratio. Such an operation will preferred to the production of nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber 5 as low as possible.

Die Brenner 7 in FIG 1 sind dargestellt als sogenannte Diffusionsbrenner, da sie den Brennstoff unmittelbar in die Brennkammer 5 einspritzen. Dabei kann sich der Brennstoff erst in der Brennkammer 5 mit der zugeführten Luft vermischen, was erfahrungsgemäß durch Diffusion erfolgt. Diffusionsbrenner sind einfach aufgebaut und relativ unkompliziert betreibbar, aber sie sind hinsichtlich der Produktion von Stickoxiden den komplizierteren Vormischbrennern, die noch anhand der FIG 2 erläutert werden, unterlegen.The burners 7 in FIG. 1 are shown as so-called diffusion burners, since they put the fuel directly into the combustion chamber 5 inject. The fuel can only in the combustion chamber 5 mix with the supplied air what experience has shown that diffusion takes place. Diffusion burner are simple and can be operated relatively easily, but they are the most concerned with the production of nitrogen oxides complicated premix burners, which are still based on FIG be explained, inferior.

FIG 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Rückwand 8 einer Brennkammer 5, gesehen in derjenigen Richtung, in welcher die Luft zur Brennkammer 5 strömt. In die Rückwand 8 eingefügt sind fünf Brenner 7, welche alle im wesentlichen gleich untereinander gestaltet sind. Jeder Brenner 7 hat eine Anzahl von Drallschaufeln 14, welche der Luft, die ihn durchsetzt, einen Drall aufprägen. Ein solcher Drall ist von Vorteil für die Verbrennung selbst und für die innige Vermischung des Brennstoffes mit der Luft. In den Drallschaufeln 14 vorgesehen sind die Düsen 12, aus denen der Brennstoff in die Luft gelangt, bevor diese in die Brennkammer 5 einströmt und der Brennstoff sich entzünden kann. Demgemäß sind die in FIG 2 dargestellten Brenner 7 sogenannte "Vormischbrenner". Diese sind naturgemäß komplizierter aufgebaut als Diffusionsbrenner und auch hinsichtlich ihres Betriebs deutlich aufwendiger als jene, haben aber im Hinblick auf die Stickoxidproduktion im Vergleich zu jenen wesentliche Vorteile. Ein Vormischbrenner bringt ein Gemisch aus Brennstoff und Luft mit definierter Zusammensetzung zur Verbrennung, so daß eine wesentlich feinfühligere Steuerung der Verbrennung als bei einem Diffusionsbrenner, wo der Vorgang der Mischung von Brennstoff und Luft praktisch nicht steuerbar ist, möglich ist. Auch läuft die Verbrennung bei einem Vormischbrenner bei bedeutend geringeren Maximaltemperaturen als bei einem Diffusionsbrenner ab, was zur Vermeidung der Produktion von Stickoxiden vorteilhaft ist. Bei jedem Brenner 7 umringen die Schaufeln 14 eine Nabe 15; diese Nabe 15 kann dazu dienen, Brennstoff zu den Düsen 12 zu führen.2 shows a plan view of the rear wall 8 of a combustion chamber 5, seen in the direction in which the air flows to the combustion chamber 5. Are inserted into the rear wall 8 five burners 7, all of which are essentially identical to one another are designed. Each burner 7 has a number of Swirl blades 14, which one of the air that passes through it Imprint swirl. Such a twist is beneficial for that Combustion itself and for the intimate mixing of the fuel with the air. Provided in the swirl blades 14 are the nozzles 12 from which the fuel gets into the air, before it flows into the combustion chamber 5 and the Fuel can ignite. Accordingly, those in FIG. 2 illustrated burner 7 so-called "premix burner". This are naturally more complicated than diffusion burners and also significantly more complex than their operation those, however, with regard to nitrogen oxide production in Compared to those essential advantages. A premix burner brings a mixture of fuel and air with defined Composition for combustion, so that a much more sensitive Control of the combustion than with a diffusion burner, where the process of mixing fuel and air is practically not controllable, is possible. It also runs Combustion in a premix burner at significantly less Maximum temperatures than with a diffusion burner, which is advantageous for avoiding the production of nitrogen oxides is. In each burner 7, the blades 14 surround a hub 15; this hub 15 can serve to supply fuel to the nozzles 12 to lead.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß FIG 2 sind vor vier der fünf Brenner 7 Blenden 16 angebracht, deren jede die entsprechenden Drallschaufeln 14 teilweise abdeckt und somit als Drossel für den in den Brenner 7 eintretenden Luftstrom wirkt. Dies bewirkt, daß die maßgeblichen Betriebsparameter aller Brenner 7 verschieden voneinander sind, so daß ein Zusammenwirken der Brenner 7 zur Anregung von Verbrennungsschwingungen in der Brennkammer 5 ausgeschlossen ist. Auch für das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß FIG 2 gelten die zu bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gemachten Ausführungen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, four of the five are in front Burner 7 panels 16 attached, each of which the corresponding Swirl blades 14 partially covers and thus as a throttle acts for the air flow entering the burner 7. This causes the relevant operating parameters of all burners 7 are different from each other, so that an interaction of the Burner 7 for excitation of combustion vibrations in the Combustion chamber 5 is excluded. Also for the embodiment 2 applies to the preferred configurations embodiments of the invention.

FIG 3 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Brennkammer 5 nebst ihrer Rückwand 8 sowie zwei Brennern 7. Die Brenner 7 sind wiederum als Vormischbrenner ausgestaltet. Jeder Brenner 7 zeigt drei Düsen 12 zur Zuführung von Brennstoff, die alle an der Nabe 15 angeordnet sind. Aus zweien dieser Düsen gelangt der Brennstoff zwischen die Drallschaufeln 14, so daß er mit der durchströmenden Luft vermischt wird. Eine Düse 12 ist unmittelbar dem Inneren der Brennkammer 5 zugewandt. Diese Düse 12 bildet eine sogenannte "Pilotflamme" aus, in welcher eine Verbrennung nach Art eines Diffusionsbrenners stattfindet; diese Pilotflamme dient dazu, die Verbrennung des zwischen den Drallschaufeln 14 erzeugten und üblicherweise einen deutlichen Überschuß von Sauerstoff aufweisenden Gemisches aus Luft und Brennstoff zu stabilisieren. Dies erlaubt es, die Produktion von Wärme durch den Brenner 7 in weiten Grenzen zu regeln.3 shows a longitudinal section through a combustion chamber 5 together with their rear wall 8 and two burners 7. The burners 7 are again designed as a premix burner. Each burner 7 shows three nozzles 12 for supplying fuel, all of which the hub 15 are arranged. Arrived from two of these nozzles the fuel between the swirl blades 14 so that it with the air flowing through it is mixed. A nozzle 12 is immediate facing the interior of the combustion chamber 5. This nozzle 12 forms a so-called "pilot flame" in which one Combustion takes place in the manner of a diffusion burner; this pilot flame is used to burn the between generated the swirl blades 14 and usually a clear one Excess of oxygen-containing mixture Stabilize air and fuel. This allows the Production of heat by the burner 7 within wide limits regulate.

Die beiden Vormischbrenner sind einander geometrisch ähnlich, d. h. daß sie sich nur in ihrer Größe, nicht aber in ihren Proportionen unterscheiden. Auch daraus resultiert eine Verschiedenheit der einschlägigen Betriebsparameter, die zum Ausschluß eines Zusammenwirkens dieser Brenner 7 bei der Anregung einer Verbrennungsschwingung in der Brennkammer 5 ausgenutzt wird.The two premix burners are geometrically similar to each other, d. H. that they are only in their size, but not in theirs Differentiate proportions. This also results in a difference the relevant operating parameters, which for Exclusion of interaction of these burners 7 in the excitation a combustion vibration in the combustion chamber 5 is used becomes.

Claims (17)

  1. Method of suppressing combustion oscillations when burning fuel with air in a combustion chamber (5), to which the air is fed through at least one air inlet (6) and to which the fuel is fed through a plurality of burners (7), each burner (7) having an associated delay time which corresponds to a period of time after which an acoustic impulse in the combustion chamber (5) causes a thermal impulse during the combustion of the fuel fed via this burner (7), characterized in that the feeding of the fuel via the burners (7) and the feeding of the air via the air inlet (6) are set in such a way that the delay times of the burners (7) are substantially different from one another.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, in which
    a) an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), through which air inlet (6) the air is fed in an associated flow to the combustion chamber (5); and
    b) the associated flows of the burners (7) are substantially different from one another.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, in which
    a) the burners (7) are designed to be essentially identical to one another;
    b) an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), through which air inlet (6) the air is fed in an associated flow to the combustion chamber (5); and
    c) the associated flow is choked at each associated air inlet (6) except for one, so that all associated flows are substantially different from one another.
  4. Method according to Claim 1, in which
    a) the burners (7) are designed to be essentially identical to one another;
    b) an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), through which air inlet (6) the air is fed in an associated flow to the combustion chamber (5); and
    c) the associated flow is choked at each associated air inlet (6), the associated flows being different from one another.
  5. Method according to Claim 1, in which
    a) the burners (7) are geometrically similar to one another but are of different sizes;
    b) an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), through which air inlet (6) the air is directed in an associated flow into the combustion chamber (5), the associated flows being geometrically similar to one another.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the fuel is fed to each burner (7) in such a way that a mixing ratio preset for all the burners (7), between a rate at which the fuel is fed and a stoichiometric rate corresponding to the air fed through the associated air inlet (6), is maintained.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which the fuel is fed to each burner (7) at a preset rate for all burners (7).
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the combustion chamber (5) is resonant for an acoustic oscillation having a certain period, and in which, for each burner (7), the associated delay time lies between an integral multiple minus a quarter and the integral multiple plus a quarter of the period.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fuel is mixed with the air in each burner (7) before it is burned in the combustion chamber (5).
  10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the air is provided from a compressor (1), and in which flue gas, which develops in the combustion chamber (5) by the fuel being burned in the air, is fed to a turbine (2).
  11. Device for burning fuel with air, comprising
    a) a combustion chamber (5) in which the fuel is burned with the air;
    b) at least one air inlet (6) for feeding the air into the combustion chamber (5);
    c) a plurality of burners (7) for feeding the fuel into the combustion chamber (5), each burner (7) having an associated delay time which corresponds to a period of time after which an acoustic impulse in the combustion chamber (5) causes a thermal impulse during the combustion of the fuel fed via this burner (7); and
    d) a fuel feed (9, 10, 11) for feeding the fuel to the burners (7);
    characterized in that the delay times of the burners (7) are substantially different from one another.
  12. Device according to Claim 11, in which the burners (7) are geometrically different from one another.
  13. Device according to Claim 11, in which the burners (7) are geometrically identical to one another, and in which the fuel feed (9, 10, 11) is set up for feeding the fuel to the burners (7) at respective rates which are substantially different from one another.
  14. Device according to one of Claims 11 to 13, in which an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), and a choke (16) for choking a flow of the air through the associated air inlet (6) is provided at each burner (7) except for one.
  15. Device according to one of Claims 11 to 13, in which an associated air inlet (6) is allocated to each burner (7), and a choke (16) for choking a flow of the air through the associated air inlet (6) is provided at each burner (7).
  16. Device according to one of Claims 11 to 15, in which the combustion chamber (5) is resonant for an acoustic oscillation having a certain period, and in which, for each burner (7), the associated delay time lies between an integral multiple minus a quarter and the integral multiple plus a quarter of the period.
  17. Device according to one of Claims 11 to 16, in which the combustion chamber (5) is arranged in a gas turbine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13) between a compressor (1) and a turbine (2).
EP97941847A 1996-09-16 1997-08-28 Method for the suppression of combustion oscillations and device for combustion of fuel with air Expired - Lifetime EP0925472B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19637725 1996-09-16
DE19637725 1996-09-16
PCT/DE1997/001881 WO1998012478A1 (en) 1996-09-16 1997-08-28 Method and device for fuel combustion with air

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0925472A1 EP0925472A1 (en) 1999-06-30
EP0925472B1 true EP0925472B1 (en) 2001-04-04

Family

ID=7805797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97941847A Expired - Lifetime EP0925472B1 (en) 1996-09-16 1997-08-28 Method for the suppression of combustion oscillations and device for combustion of fuel with air

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6052986A (en)
EP (1) EP0925472B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4249263B2 (en)
DE (1) DE59703302D1 (en)
RU (1) RU2186298C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998012478A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19948674B4 (en) * 1999-10-08 2012-04-12 Alstom Combustion device, in particular for the drive of gas turbines

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0952392B1 (en) * 1998-04-15 2003-08-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Combustor
SE9802707L (en) 1998-08-11 2000-02-12 Abb Ab Burner chamber device and method for reducing the influence of acoustic pressure fluctuations in a burner chamber device
DE19939235B4 (en) 1999-08-18 2012-03-29 Alstom Method for producing hot gases in a combustion device and combustion device for carrying out the method
GB0019533D0 (en) 2000-08-10 2000-09-27 Rolls Royce Plc A combustion chamber
DE10164099A1 (en) 2001-12-24 2003-07-03 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Burner with staged fuel injection
US6931853B2 (en) * 2002-11-19 2005-08-23 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Gas turbine combustor having staged burners with dissimilar mixing passage geometries
EP1493972A1 (en) * 2003-07-04 2005-01-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Burner unit for a gas turbine and gas turbine
US7703288B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2010-04-27 Solar Turbines Inc. Fuel nozzle having swirler-integrated radial fuel jet
US20070074518A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Solar Turbines Incorporated Turbine engine having acoustically tuned fuel nozzle
US20070089427A1 (en) 2005-10-24 2007-04-26 Thomas Scarinci Two-branch mixing passage and method to control combustor pulsations
US8037688B2 (en) * 2006-09-26 2011-10-18 United Technologies Corporation Method for control of thermoacoustic instabilities in a combustor
US8028512B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2011-10-04 Solar Turbines Inc. Active combustion control for a turbine engine
EP2119964B1 (en) 2008-05-15 2018-10-31 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Method for reducing emissons from a combustor
EP2119966A1 (en) 2008-05-15 2009-11-18 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Combustor with reduced carbon monoxide emissions
US20110048022A1 (en) * 2009-08-29 2011-03-03 General Electric Company System and method for combustion dynamics control of gas turbine
EP2423589A1 (en) * 2010-08-27 2012-02-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Burner assembly
EP2796789B1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2017-03-01 General Electric Technology GmbH Can combustor for a can-annular combustor arrangement in a gas turbine
EP2848865A1 (en) * 2013-09-12 2015-03-18 Alstom Technology Ltd Thermoacoustic stabilization method
RU2739877C1 (en) * 2020-07-22 2020-12-29 Гришин Кирилл Вячеславович Furnace burners unit for fire tests

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2275738B (en) * 1987-01-24 1995-01-25 Topexpress Ltd Reducing reheat buzz in a gas turbine aeroengine
GB2239961A (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-07-17 Gen Electric Control of combustion-induced instabilities
JPH0579629A (en) * 1991-09-19 1993-03-30 Hitachi Ltd Combustion device and operation thereof
WO1993010401A1 (en) 1991-11-15 1993-05-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for suppressing combustion-caused vibrations in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine system
DE4202588C1 (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-07-15 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar, De Multi-bar atmospheric gas burner - has adjacent bars with different outlets giving different combustion characteristics
DE4336096B4 (en) 1992-11-13 2004-07-08 Alstom Device for reducing vibrations in combustion chambers
DE4241729A1 (en) 1992-12-10 1994-06-16 Stephan Dipl Ing Gleis Actuator for impressing mass flow or pressure fluctuations on pressurized liquid flows
DE4339094A1 (en) * 1993-11-16 1995-05-18 Abb Management Ag Damping of thermal-acoustic vibrations resulting from combustion of fuel
DE4411623A1 (en) * 1994-04-02 1995-10-05 Abb Management Ag Premix burner
US5943866A (en) * 1994-10-03 1999-08-31 General Electric Company Dynamically uncoupled low NOx combustor having multiple premixers with axial staging
US5644918A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-07-08 General Electric Company Dynamics free low emissions gas turbine combustor
US5809769A (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Combustor oscillation attenuation via the control of fuel-supply line dynamics

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19948674B4 (en) * 1999-10-08 2012-04-12 Alstom Combustion device, in particular for the drive of gas turbines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59703302D1 (en) 2001-05-10
WO1998012478A1 (en) 1998-03-26
JP4249263B2 (en) 2009-04-02
RU2186298C2 (en) 2002-07-27
JP2001503843A (en) 2001-03-21
EP0925472A1 (en) 1999-06-30
US6052986A (en) 2000-04-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0925472B1 (en) Method for the suppression of combustion oscillations and device for combustion of fuel with air
DE19839085C2 (en) Burner arrangement with primary and secondary pilot burner
DE69917655T2 (en) SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING ACOUSTIC VIBRATIONS IN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER
DE60007946T2 (en) A combustion chamber
DE69308383T2 (en) Method and device for preventing the concentration vibrations of air-fuel in a combustion chamber
EP0925473B1 (en) Method and device for acoustic modulation of a flame produced by a hybrid burner
DE69719688T2 (en) Gas turbine burners and operating methods therefor
DE69506142T2 (en) Improved combustion plant with low pollutant emissions for gas turbines
EP0576697B1 (en) Combustor chamber for a gas turbine
EP0571782B1 (en) Gasturbine combustor and operating method
DE602005001611T2 (en) Damping of thermoacoustic oscillations in a gas turbine combustor with annular chamber
EP2641022B1 (en) Combustion method and membrane with cool flame root
WO1999037951A1 (en) Device for suppressing flame/pressure oscillations in a furnace, especially of a gas turbine
WO2005095863A1 (en) Burner
EP1336800A1 (en) Method for reducing the oscillations induced by the combustion in combustion systems and premix burner for carrying out the method
DE10050248A1 (en) Pre-mixing burner comprises swirl burner with inner chamber, with widening passage, injector with adjustable elements.
DE102015005224A1 (en) Method and device for adjusting the vibration amplitudes of vibrating fireplaces
EP1840465A2 (en) Burner system with staged fuel injection
CH698565A2 (en) Gas turbine combustor with a flame stabilizer.
DE102015102904A1 (en) System and method for controlling the combustion dynamics in a burner system
DE19948674B4 (en) Combustion device, in particular for the drive of gas turbines
DE4241729A1 (en) Actuator for impressing mass flow or pressure fluctuations on pressurized liquid flows
WO1999006767A1 (en) Burner
WO2007113130A1 (en) Burner arrangement, preferably in a combustion chamber for a gas turbine
DE4040745A1 (en) ACTIVE CONTROL OF COMBUSTION-BASED INSTABILITIES

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19990305

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19990827

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: METHOD FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF COMBUSTION OSCILLATIONS AND DEVICE FOR COMBUSTION OF FUEL WITH AIR

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB IT LI

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59703302

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20010510

ET Fr: translation filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 20010626

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PCAR

Free format text: SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY FREILAGERSTRASSE 40;8047 ZUERICH (CH)

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20160830

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20160811

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20160823

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20161020

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20161109

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59703302

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

Expiry date: 20170827

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20170827