EP0924400A1 - Exhaust apparatus for low NOx emission internal combustion engines and process for reducing NOx emitted in the exhaust gas - Google Patents

Exhaust apparatus for low NOx emission internal combustion engines and process for reducing NOx emitted in the exhaust gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0924400A1
EP0924400A1 EP98403126A EP98403126A EP0924400A1 EP 0924400 A1 EP0924400 A1 EP 0924400A1 EP 98403126 A EP98403126 A EP 98403126A EP 98403126 A EP98403126 A EP 98403126A EP 0924400 A1 EP0924400 A1 EP 0924400A1
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Prior art keywords
post
hydrocarbons
exhaust
injection
catalytic
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EP98403126A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0924400B1 (en
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Nathalie Davias
Rémi Noirot
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Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
Renault SAS
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Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
Renault SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2053—By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a exhaust device for internal combustion engine, in particular a lean-mix engine (diesel or petrol), reducing the rate of nitrogen oxides present in exhaust gases and released into the atmosphere and a process for reducing the rate of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere.
  • a lean-mix engine diesel or petrol
  • DeNOx catalyst The chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in an oxidizing medium by means of a catalyst generally called DeNOx catalyst, or by means of a NOx trap, currently requires a high content of hydrocarbon or CO reducers.
  • a catalyst generally called DeNOx catalyst
  • NOx trap The reaction mechanism of the DeNOx catalysts is not yet very well known, the most recent work shows that the first step of the reaction scheme involves the oxidation of the oxide NO to NO 2 in an oxidizing medium.
  • the second step in the reaction scheme of the DeNOx catalysts would be the action of NO 2 on the hydrocarbons to give a reaction intermediate whatever the type of catalyst used.
  • Such an annex injection system is difficult to implement because it requires a control according to the emission of oxides NOx nitrogen, and unreliable due to fouling of the injector and its response time, and additionally generates additional system costs negligible.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a system exhaust remedying the above drawbacks.
  • the subject of the present invention is a exhaust system into which hydrocarbons are injected into upstream of a conventional catalytic oxidation block which allows to route these post-injected hydrocarbons downstream of this block oxidation catalytic and upstream of a main catalytic block, DeNOx or NOx trap.
  • the invention also relates to a method for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust internal combustion released into the atmosphere, allowing optimal reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • an internal combustion engine exhaust system comprising a catalytic system for the elimination of gases exhaust formed by a first upstream oxidation catalytic block a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides with or without prior adsorption of NOx, characterized in that it comprises a means post-injection of hydrocarbons upstream of the catalytic system and a means for direct delivery of post-injected hydrocarbons and a part of the exhaust gases downstream of the first catalytic block oxidation and upstream of the second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides.
  • the post-injection of hydrocarbons is preferably carried out directly in a cylinder or downstream of an engine cylinder, such so that the means of transporting post-injected hydrocarbons collects post-injected hydrocarbons and exhaust gases from said cylinder independently of the exhaust gases of other cylinders.
  • Post-injection of hydrocarbons can be carried out using an additional injector or, for example in the case of engines with Direct petrol or Diesel injection, using the injection rail which can be set to provide independent injection for each engine cylinders. So we can do post-injection only in a single cylinder or directly downstream of a single cylinder.
  • the means of transporting post-injected hydrocarbons is as it routes these post-injected hydrocarbons downstream of the first block oxidation catalytic, but upstream of the second catalytic block of reduction of nitrogen oxides constituted by the DeNOx catalyst or the NOx trap.
  • the post-injected hydrocarbons are post-injected into a single cylinder or downstream of a single cylinder
  • the post-injected hydrocarbons and the exhaust gases of this single cylinder are thus routed directly upstream of the catalyst main for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • the rest of the exhaust gases (approximately 3/4 of the total flow) pass through the oxidation catalytic block and consequently 3/4 of the NO oxide are oxidized to NO 2 upstream of the DeNOx catalyst or NOx trap.
  • post-injection of hydrocarbons takes place directly in a single cylinder and the post-injected hydrocarbons are transported directly from this cylinder.
  • an exhaust device which comprises an exhaust gas collector 1 an internal combustion engine, for example a mixture engine poor petrol or diesel.
  • a system catalytic reduction of exhaust gas pollutants comprising a first oxidation catalytic block 2 disposed upstream a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides 3.
  • a device (not shown), such as an injector or an injection manifold in the case of a direct petrol or diesel injection engine, is also provided for post-injection of hydrocarbons during the phase engine exhaust.
  • the post-injection device of hydrocarbons is ordered to inject hydrocarbons during the exhaust phase only in one engine cylinder.

Abstract

The new system suppresses the emission of nitrogen oxides, the presence of which is significant in exhausts from lean burn petrol and diesel engines. The process for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides uses a catalytic system comprising a primary oxidation section (2) upstream from a second catalytic reduction section (3) for the reduction of nitrogen oxides with or without entrapment of NOx. The system also comprises :- a post-injection of hydrocarbons at a site upstream from the oxidation section ; and -conveyance of the injected hydrocarbons beyond the oxidation section to a position upstream from the second section. The post-injection is effected in one of the cylinders of the engine or downstream of the cylinder. The injected hydrocarbons and exhaust gases are both directed to the reduction section. The injector is mechanical or by a ramp.

Description

D'une manière générale, la présente invention concerne un dispositif d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne, en particulier un moteur à mélange pauvre (diesel ou essence), réduisant le taux des oxydes d'azote présents dans les gaz d'échappement et relâchés dans l'atmosphère ainsi qu'un procédé de réduction du taux des oxydes d'azote dans les gaz d'échappement émis dans l'atmosphère.In general, the present invention relates to a exhaust device for internal combustion engine, in particular a lean-mix engine (diesel or petrol), reducing the rate of nitrogen oxides present in exhaust gases and released into the atmosphere and a process for reducing the rate of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere.

Les normes actuelles et futures concernant la pollution des moteurs à combustion interne et en particulier des moteurs à mélange pauvre, imposent et imposeront une réduction de plus en plus importante des émissions d'oxyde d'azote.Current and future standards for pollution of internal combustion engines and in particular mixing engines poor, impose and will impose an ever greater reduction nitrogen oxide emissions.

La réduction chimique des oxydes d'azote en azote en milieu oxydant au moyen d'un catalyseur généralement appelé catalyseur DeNOx, ou au moyen d'un piège à NOx, nécessite actuellement une forte teneur en réducteurs hydrocarbures ou CO. Bien que le mécanisme réactionnel des catalyseurs DeNOx ne soit pas encore très bien connu, les travaux les plus récents montrent que la première étape du schéma réactionnel comprend l'oxydation de l'oxyde NO en NO2 en milieu oxydant.The chemical reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in an oxidizing medium by means of a catalyst generally called DeNOx catalyst, or by means of a NOx trap, currently requires a high content of hydrocarbon or CO reducers. Although the reaction mechanism of the DeNOx catalysts is not yet very well known, the most recent work shows that the first step of the reaction scheme involves the oxidation of the oxide NO to NO 2 in an oxidizing medium.

La seconde étape du schéma réactionnel des catalyseurs DeNOx serait l'action de NO2 sur les hydrocarbures pour donner un intermédiaire réactionnel quel que soit le type de catalyseur utilisé.The second step in the reaction scheme of the DeNOx catalysts would be the action of NO 2 on the hydrocarbons to give a reaction intermediate whatever the type of catalyst used.

Le bilan des études montre que la présence d'oxyde d'azote sous forme oxydée NO2 est favorable à la réduction en azote N2. Par conséquent, il est souhaitable d'oxyder NO en NO2 au moyen d'un catalyseur d'oxydation classique avant l'action du catalyseur DeNOx, mais sans oxyder des hydrocarbures ajoutés volontairement puisque ceux-ci sont nécessaires dans la phase de réduction du catalyseur DeNOx principal.The results of the studies show that the presence of nitrogen oxide in oxidized form NO 2 is favorable for the reduction of nitrogen N 2 . Consequently, it is desirable to oxidize NO to NO 2 by means of a conventional oxidation catalyst before the action of the catalyst DeNOx, but without oxidizing hydrocarbons added voluntarily since these are necessary in the phase of reduction of the main DeNOx catalyst.

Malheureusement, aucun catalyseur à ce jour n'est connu pour oxyder sélectivement NO par rapport aux hydrocarbures. Pour le piège à NOx, un catalyseur d'oxydation est nécessaire pour la phase d'amorçage, mais ensuite il est néfaste lors des incursions à richesse ≥ 1 pour régénérer le piège et traiter les NOx. Pour satisfaire ces exigences, on a déjà envisagé d'injecter les hydrocarbures au moyen d'un système d'injection annexe entre un bloc catalytique d'oxydation classique et un bloc catalytique DeNOx.Unfortunately, no catalyst to date is known for selectively oxidize NO to hydrocarbons. For the trap NOx, an oxidation catalyst is necessary for the priming phase, but then it is harmful during incursions with wealth ≥ 1 to regenerate trap and treat NOx. To meet these requirements, we already have contemplated injecting the oil using an injection system Annex between a conventional oxidation catalytic block and a block DeNOx catalytic.

Un tel système annexe d'injection est difficile à mettre en oeuvre car il nécessite un asservissement en fonction des émission des oxydes d'azote NOx, et peu fiable du fait de l'encrassement de l'injecteur et de son temps de réponse, et, en outre, engendre un surcoût du système non négligeable.Such an annex injection system is difficult to implement because it requires a control according to the emission of oxides NOx nitrogen, and unreliable due to fouling of the injector and its response time, and additionally generates additional system costs negligible.

Pour éviter l'utilisation d'un système annexe complexe d'injection d'hydrocarbures dans le système d'échappement, on pourrait envisager d'effectuer une post-injection d'hydrocarbures en phase d'échappement du moteur. Mais, dans ce cas, la présence d'un bloc catalytique d'oxydation en aval du point de post-injection d'hydrocarbures et en amont du bloc catalytique principal va immanquablement jouer son rôle et oxyder également les hydrocarbures post-injectés.To avoid the use of a complex annex system injecting hydrocarbons into the exhaust system, we could consider performing a post-injection of hydrocarbons in phase engine exhaust. But, in this case, the presence of a block oxidation catalytic downstream of the post-injection point of hydrocarbons and upstream of the main catalytic block will inevitably play its role and also oxidize the hydrocarbons post-injected.

La présente invention a donc pour objet un système d'échappement remédiant aux inconvénients précédents.The present invention therefore relates to a system exhaust remedying the above drawbacks.

Plus particulièrement, la présente invention a pour objet un système d'échappement dans lequel des hydrocarbures sont injectés en amont d'un bloc catalytique classique d'oxydation et qui permet d'acheminer ces hydrocarbures post-injectés en aval de ce bloc catalytique d'oxydation et en amont d'un bloc catalytique principal, DeNOx ou piège à NOx.More particularly, the subject of the present invention is a exhaust system into which hydrocarbons are injected into upstream of a conventional catalytic oxidation block which allows to route these post-injected hydrocarbons downstream of this block oxidation catalytic and upstream of a main catalytic block, DeNOx or NOx trap.

L'invention a également pour objet un procédé pour réduire le taux des oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne relâchés dans l'atmosphère, permettant une réduction optimale des oxydes d'azote.The invention also relates to a method for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in engine exhaust internal combustion released into the atmosphere, allowing optimal reduction of nitrogen oxides.

On atteint les objectifs ci-dessus selon l'invention au moyen d'un dispositif d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne comprenant un système catalytique pour l'élimination des gaz d'échappement formé d'un premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation en amont d'un second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote avec ou sans adsorption préalable des NOx, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen de post-injection d'hydrocarbures en amont du système catalytique et un moyen pour acheminer directement les hydrocarbures post-injectés et une partie des gaz d'échappement en aval du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation et en amont du second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote.The above objectives are achieved according to the invention by means an internal combustion engine exhaust system comprising a catalytic system for the elimination of gases exhaust formed by a first upstream oxidation catalytic block a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides with or without prior adsorption of NOx, characterized in that it comprises a means post-injection of hydrocarbons upstream of the catalytic system and a means for direct delivery of post-injected hydrocarbons and a part of the exhaust gases downstream of the first catalytic block oxidation and upstream of the second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides.

La post-injection des hydrocarbures s'effectue de préférence directement dans un cylindre ou en aval d'un cylindre du moteur, de telle sorte que le moyen d'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés collecte les hydrocarbures post-injectés et les gaz d'échappement dudit cylindre indépendamment des gaz d'échappement des autres cylindres.The post-injection of hydrocarbons is preferably carried out directly in a cylinder or downstream of an engine cylinder, such so that the means of transporting post-injected hydrocarbons collects post-injected hydrocarbons and exhaust gases from said cylinder independently of the exhaust gases of other cylinders.

La post-injection des hydrocarbures peut être réalisée au moyen d'un injecteur supplémentaire ou, par exemple dans le cas de moteurs à injection Directe essence ou Diesel, au moyen de la rampe d'injection qui peut être réglée pour assurer une injection indépendante pour chacun des cylindres du moteur. Ainsi, on peut réaliser la post-injection d'hydrocarbures uniquement dans un seul cylindre ou directement en aval d'un seul cylindre.Post-injection of hydrocarbons can be carried out using an additional injector or, for example in the case of engines with Direct petrol or Diesel injection, using the injection rail which can be set to provide independent injection for each engine cylinders. So we can do post-injection only in a single cylinder or directly downstream of a single cylinder.

Le moyen d'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés est tel qu'il achemine ces hydrocarbures post-injectés en aval du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation, mais en amont du second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote constitué par le catalyseur DeNOx ou le piège à NOx.The means of transporting post-injected hydrocarbons is as it routes these post-injected hydrocarbons downstream of the first block oxidation catalytic, but upstream of the second catalytic block of reduction of nitrogen oxides constituted by the DeNOx catalyst or the NOx trap.

Dans la réalisation préférée où les hydrocarbures post-injectés sont post-injectés dans un seul cylindre ou en aval d'un seul cylindre, les hydrocarbures post-injectés et les gaz d'échappement de ce seul cylindre sont ainsi acheminés directement en amont du catalyseur principal pour la réduction des oxydes d'azote. Toutefois, le reste des gaz d'échappement (environ 3/4 du débit total) passe à travers le bloc catalytique d'oxydation et par conséquent 3/4 de l'oxyde NO se trouvent oxydés en NO2 en amont du catalyseur DeNOx ou piège à NOx.In the preferred embodiment where the post-injected hydrocarbons are post-injected into a single cylinder or downstream of a single cylinder, the post-injected hydrocarbons and the exhaust gases of this single cylinder are thus routed directly upstream of the catalyst main for the reduction of nitrogen oxides. However, the rest of the exhaust gases (approximately 3/4 of the total flow) pass through the oxidation catalytic block and consequently 3/4 of the NO oxide are oxidized to NO 2 upstream of the DeNOx catalyst or NOx trap.

L'invention concerne également un procédé pour réduire le taux des oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne destinés à être relâchés dans l'atmosphère, ledit moteur comprenant un dispositif d'échappement comportant un système catalytique formé d'un premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation en amont d'un second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote, qui comprend :

  • une post-injection d'hydrocarbures pendant la phase d'échappement du moteur, en un endroit situé en amont du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation; et
  • l'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés directement depuis l'endroit de la post-injection jusqu'à un endroit dans le dispositif d'échappement situé en aval du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation et en amont du second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxyes d'azote.
The invention also relates to a method for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine intended to be released into the atmosphere, said engine comprising an exhaust device comprising a system catalytic formed of a first catalytic block of oxidation upstream of a second catalytic block of reduction of nitrogen oxides, which comprises:
  • post-injection of hydrocarbons during the engine exhaust phase, at a location upstream of the first oxidation catalytic block; and
  • the delivery of post-injected hydrocarbons directly from the place of post-injection to a place in the exhaust system located downstream of the first oxidation catalytic block and upstream of the second oxy reduction catalytic block nitrogen.

De préférence, dans le procédé, la post-injection d'hydrocarbures s'effectue directement dans un seul cylindre et l'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés s'effectue directement depuis ce cylindre.Preferably, in the process, post-injection of hydrocarbons takes place directly in a single cylinder and the post-injected hydrocarbons are transported directly from this cylinder.

La suite de la description se réfère aux figures 1 à 4 annexées qui représentent différents modes de réalisations possibles d'un dispositif d'échappement selon l'invention.The remainder of the description refers to Figures 1 to 4 attached which represent different possible embodiments of a device exhaust according to the invention.

Sur les figures, on a représenté un dispositif d'échappement selon l'invention, qui comprend un collecteur 1 des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, par exemple un moteur à mélange pauvre essence ou diesel. Dans ce collecteur est disposé un système catalytique de réduction des polluants des gaz d'échappement, comprenant un premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation 2 disposé en amont d'un second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote 3. Un dispositif (non représenté), tel qu'un injecteur ou une rampe d'injection dans le cas d'un moteur à injection Directe essence ou Diesel, est également prévu pour la post-injection d'hydrocarbures lors de la phase d'échappement du moteur. De préférence, le dispositif de post-injection d'hydrocarbures est commandé pour injecter des hydrocarbures lors de la phase d'échappement uniquement dans un seul cylindre du moteur.The figures show an exhaust device according to the invention, which comprises an exhaust gas collector 1 an internal combustion engine, for example a mixture engine poor petrol or diesel. In this collector is arranged a system catalytic reduction of exhaust gas pollutants, comprising a first oxidation catalytic block 2 disposed upstream a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides 3. A device (not shown), such as an injector or an injection manifold in the case of a direct petrol or diesel injection engine, is also provided for post-injection of hydrocarbons during the phase engine exhaust. Preferably, the post-injection device of hydrocarbons is ordered to inject hydrocarbons during the exhaust phase only in one engine cylinder.

Comme le montrent les figures, un dispositif d'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés 4 est prévu dans le dispositif d'échappement,

  • soit (figure 1) sous la forme d'une simple tubulure, reliée à l'échappement du cylindre dans lequel les hydrocarbures sont post-injectés et qui achemine en traversant le bloc catalytique d'oxydation les hydrocarbures et les gaz d'échappement du cylindre en aval du bloc catalytique d'oxydation et en amont du bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote 3,
  • soit (figures 2 et 4) avec un by-pass du bloc catalytique d'oxydation des hydrocarbures 2, à l'aide d'une simple tubulure reliée à l'échappement du cylindre dans lequel sont post-injectés les hydrocarbures,
  • soit (figure 3) avec un dispositif où le catalyseur d'oxydation est placé en sortie du collecteur d'échappement 1 sur uniquement trois cylindres, laissant libre l'échappement du cylindre dans lequel sont post-injectés les hydrocarbures.
As the figures show, a device for conveying post-injected hydrocarbons 4 is provided in the exhaust device,
  • either (Figure 1) in the form of a simple tube, connected to the exhaust of the cylinder in which the hydrocarbons are post-injected and which routes the hydrocarbons and exhaust gases from the cylinder through the oxidation catalytic block downstream of the oxidation catalytic block and upstream of the nitrogen oxide reduction catalytic block 3,
  • either (Figures 2 and 4) with a bypass of the hydrocarbon oxidation catalytic block 2, using a simple tube connected to the exhaust of the cylinder in which the hydrocarbons are post-injected,
  • or (Figure 3) with a device where the oxidation catalyst is placed at the outlet of the exhaust manifold 1 on only three cylinders, leaving free the exhaust from the cylinder in which the hydrocarbons are post-injected.

Claims (10)

Dispositif d'échappement de moteur à combustion interne comprenant un système catalytique pour l'élimination des polluants des gaz d'échappement du moteur formé d'un premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation (2) en amont d'un second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote avec ou sans piégeage des oxydes d'azote (NOx) (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen de post-injection d'hydrocarbures lors de la phase d'échappement du moteur en amont du système catalytique, et un moyen (4) pour acheminer directement les hydrocarbures post-injectés en aval du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation et en amont du second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote.Internal combustion engine exhaust device comprising a catalytic system for the removal of pollutants from engine exhaust gas formed by a first catalytic block oxidation (2) upstream of a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides with or without nitrogen oxide (NOx) trapping (3), characterized in that it comprises a post-injection means of hydrocarbons during the engine exhaust phase upstream of the catalytic system, and a means (4) for directly conveying the post-injected hydrocarbons downstream of the first catalytic block oxidation and upstream of the second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides. Système d'échappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de post-injection d'hydrocarbures effectue la post-injection dans un des cylindres du moteur ou directement en aval d'un cylindre du moteur.Exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrocarbon post-injection means performs the post-injection in one of the engine cylinders or directly downstream of a engine cylinder. Système d'échappement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'acheminement achemine uniquement les gaz d'échappement et les hydrocarbures injectés dudit cylindre.Exhaust system according to claim 2, characterized in that the conveying means routes only the gases exhaust and the hydrocarbons injected from said cylinder. Système d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de post-injection d'hydrocarbures est un injecteur mécanique.Exhaust system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the post-injection means of hydrocarbons is a mechanical injector. Système d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de post-injection d'hydrocarbures est une rampe d'injection.Exhaust system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the post-injection means of hydrocarbons is an injection ramp. Système d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moteur est un moteur à mélange pauvre diesel ou essence.Exhaust system according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the engine is a lean diesel or petrol mixture. Système d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le moteur est à injection Directe.Exhaust system according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the engine is injection Direct. Procédé pour réduire le taux des oxydes d'azote contenus dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, ledit moteur comprenant un dispositif d'échappement comportant un système catalytique formé d'un premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation (2) en amont d'un second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote avec ou sans piégeage des NOx (3), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : une post-injection d'hydrocarbures pendant la phase d'échappement en un endroit situé en amont du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation (2); et l'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés directement depuis l'endroit de la post-injection jusqu'à un endroit dans le dispositif d'échappement situé en aval du premier bloc catalytique d'oxydation (2) et en amont du second bloc catalytique de réduction des oxydes d'azote avec ou sans piégeage des NOx (3). Method for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, said engine comprising an exhaust device comprising a catalytic system formed by a first oxidation catalytic block (2) upstream of a second catalytic block for reducing nitrogen oxides with or without trapping NOx (3), characterized in that it comprises: post-injection of hydrocarbons during the exhaust phase at a location upstream of the first oxidation catalytic block (2); and the delivery of post-injected hydrocarbons directly from the place of post-injection to a place in the exhaust system located downstream of the first oxidation catalytic block (2) and upstream of the second catalytic block of reduction of nitrogen oxides with or without NOx trapping (3). Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la post-injection d'hydrocarbures s'effectue directement dans un cylindre.Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the post-injection of hydrocarbons takes place directly in a cylinder. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés comprend uniquement l'acheminement des hydrocarbures post-injectés et des gaz d'échappement dudit cylindre.Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the step of transporting the post-injected hydrocarbons comprises only the transport of post-injected hydrocarbons and gases exhaust of said cylinder.
EP98403126A 1997-12-17 1998-12-11 Exhaust apparatus for low NOx emission internal combustion engines and process for reducing NOx emitted in the exhaust gas Expired - Lifetime EP0924400B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9715993A FR2772425B1 (en) 1997-12-17 1997-12-17 EXHAUST DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH LOW NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION RATES AND METHOD FOR REDUCING NITROGEN OXIDES EMITTED IN EXHAUST GASES
FR9715993 1997-12-17

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WO2001096717A1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2001-12-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Reactor for treating exhaust gas
WO2004110597A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2004-12-23 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Catalyst system for generating carbon monoxide for use with automotive nox adsorber catalysts
WO2009146786A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Deutz Aktiengesellschaft High-efficiency scr catalytic converter
CN111219231A (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-02 天纳克汽车经营有限公司 Exhaust aftertreatment system with oxidation component bypass for low temperature SCR

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Cited By (6)

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WO2001096717A1 (en) * 2000-06-16 2001-12-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Reactor for treating exhaust gas
WO2004110597A1 (en) * 2003-06-16 2004-12-23 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Catalyst system for generating carbon monoxide for use with automotive nox adsorber catalysts
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WO2009146786A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Deutz Aktiengesellschaft High-efficiency scr catalytic converter
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CN111219231A (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-02 天纳克汽车经营有限公司 Exhaust aftertreatment system with oxidation component bypass for low temperature SCR

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DE69803827T2 (en) 2002-08-29
FR2772425A1 (en) 1999-06-18
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ES2168732T3 (en) 2002-06-16
EP0924400B1 (en) 2002-02-13
DE69803827D1 (en) 2002-03-21

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