EP0921234A1 - Method and device for arranging a pile in a ground - Google Patents
Method and device for arranging a pile in a ground Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0921234A1 EP0921234A1 EP98204111A EP98204111A EP0921234A1 EP 0921234 A1 EP0921234 A1 EP 0921234A1 EP 98204111 A EP98204111 A EP 98204111A EP 98204111 A EP98204111 A EP 98204111A EP 0921234 A1 EP0921234 A1 EP 0921234A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- ground
- pile
- ram
- arranging
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for arranging in a ground in substantially vibration-free manner a slender, upright element, in particular a pile with a widened foot.
- a foundation pile in order to support a construction being built on a soft ground is generally known.
- Such a foundation pile is generally carried into the soft ground over a length such that the bottom end thereof comes to rest on a stable ground layer.
- a problem which occurs here is that the permissible load on the pile is generally considerably higher than the bearing capacity of the supporting ground layer on which this pile comes to rest.
- An average foundation pile thus has a maximum permissible load of about 150 to 200 kgf/cm 2 (14.7 to 19.6 Mpa), while the bearing strength of a sandy ground is for instance only in the order of 50 kgf/cm 2 (4.9 Mpa). This has the consequence that such a foundation pile is in fact used extremely inefficiently because it can only be loaded to a quarter or a third of its strength.
- a drawback of the known method of forming the "Franki pile” is that the pile-driving of the widened foot is not in all cases practical or even permitted. This is particularly the case when the pile is placed in a built-up and/or residential area.
- the invention therefore has for its object to provide a method of the above described type wherein this drawback does not occur. This is achieved according to the invention by a method comprising the steps of:
- the pile By thus urging the material as plastic concrete mass in particular laterally into the ground, the pile can be formed practically without any vibration at all.
- material is forced into the ground by means of pile-driving of earth-moist material, i.e. by a dynamic operation.
- the plastically deformable material under the tube is preferably urged laterally into the ground by exerting a constant or gradually changing pressure force thereon in mechanical manner.
- the widened foot is thus formed in a virtually static process, whereby vibrations and the drawbacks associated therewith are avoided.
- For exerting of the pressure force use can be made of a ram gradually displaceable to a position below the tube at low speed or of a pressure pump connected to the tube.
- the invention also relates to a device for performing the above described method.
- a device for performing the above described method is provided according to the invention with:
- the means for lateral displacement of the plastically deformable material are preferably mechanical means which are adapted to exert a constant or gradually changing pressure force on the material. These means can be formed by a ram uniformly displaceable at relatively low speed to a position below the tube or by a closable inner tube functioning as such.
- the means for lateral displacement of the plastically deformable material can however also be formed by a pump placed above ground with which the material is pressed into the tube under pressure.
- a device 1 for arranging in a ground 2 an upright, slender element, in particular a pile 3 with a widened foot 4, comprises an outer tube 5 for arranging in the ground 2, the diameter of which substantially corresponds with the diameter of the pile 3 to be formed.
- Device 1 further comprises means (not shown here) for carrying tube 5 into ground 2, for instance a drilling gear or screw installation.
- ram 7 Lowered into outer tube 5 in the shown example is an inner tube 6 in which a ram 7 is movable up and downward to a position under tubes 5, 6.
- This ram 7 can for instance be formed by a very heavy block suspended from a cable 8, but can also take the form of a pressing element which is pushed downward by one or more hydraulic jacks or by means of hydrostatic pressure. This pressing downward takes place gradually and uniformly at a relatively low speed which may lie between 1 and 100 m/min, preferably between 2 and 50 m/min and more preferably between 5 and 20 m/min. In the shown example ram 7 is pressed downward at a speed of about 10 m/min.
- a seal 9 is arranged between ram 7 and the inner wall of inner tube 6 in order to prevent concrete mass escaping between ram 7 and inner tube 6 when pressure is exerted thereon.
- Formed between outer tube 5 and inner tube 6 is an annular space 10 into which the material 11 from which pile 3 must be formed is cast or pumped as according to arrow S. Into this annular space 10 is also lowered the reinforcement 12 which imparts to the pile 3 part of its final strength.
- the annular space 10 is closable by a closing member 13 or - if the material 11 of the pile is pumped - optionally by a valve on the material pump.
- Outer tube 5 is carried into the ground 2 until it encounters a bearing ground layer 14.
- the material 11 is subsequently cast or pumped into annular space 10 and the space closed by member 13.
- Tube 5 is then raised in its entirety through a determined height, wherein the space left behind is simultaneously filled with the material (fig. 5A).
- ram 7 pressure is then exerted on material 11 while it is still plastically deformable.
- Material 11 is driven laterally outward with force by ram 7 which is pressed gradually downward to a position below outer tube 5.
- the surrounding ground 2 is herein pressed aside so that a foot 4 is formed which protrudes outside outer tube 5.
- Ram 7 is moved reciprocally, wherein the space formed thereby is repeatedly filled with material 11 (fig. 5C, D). Because material 11 is still very soft during the up and downward movement of ram 7, this movement does not result in shocks or vibrations in the ground 2.
- the outer tube 5 is gradually withdrawn from ground 2, while a constant, optionally hydrostatic pressure is exerted on the supplied concrete mass 11, whereby the body of pile 3 is formed.
- the tubes 5 and 6 will therefore stand above the ground 16.
- inner tube 6 is likewise fixed relative to outer tube 5 but the annular space 10 formed therebetween is not used for supplying material 11.
- a second tube 27 which is further located inside inner tube 6 and which functions simultaneously as ram. Reinforcement 12 is also placed in this movable ram tube 27.
- ram tube 27 is closable at the top by means of a closing member 23. It is also possible - if use is made of a material pump - to use a valve on the pump instead. For exerting a pressure force on the plastically deformable material 11 the ram tube 27 is closed by means of member 23 and thereafter pressed downward.
- a ram displaceable in tube 5 use can also be made for exerting a pressure force of a pump 37 placed above ground 16, whereby material 11 is delivered under pressure into outer tube 5 via a conduit 42 (figure 4). Because this embodiment does not require any components movable in tube 5, it is structurally simpler. It should be remembered here that tube 5 will often extend some tens of metres into the ground 2. Pump 37 will on the other hand require a relatively high capacity.
- the slender, upright body does not therefore have to form a pile but can also function for instance as drainage column. Concrete or mortar is then not used here as material but gravel or sand which can be blown or pressed downward under pressure into outer tube 5.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a method for arranging in a ground in substantially vibration-free manner a slender, upright element, in particular a pile with a widened foot.
- The use of a foundation pile in order to support a construction being built on a soft ground is generally known. Such a foundation pile is generally carried into the soft ground over a length such that the bottom end thereof comes to rest on a stable ground layer. A problem which occurs here is that the permissible load on the pile is generally considerably higher than the bearing capacity of the supporting ground layer on which this pile comes to rest. An average foundation pile thus has a maximum permissible load of about 150 to 200 kgf/cm2 (14.7 to 19.6 Mpa), while the bearing strength of a sandy ground is for instance only in the order of 50 kgf/cm2 (4.9 Mpa). This has the consequence that such a foundation pile is in fact used extremely inefficiently because it can only be loaded to a quarter or a third of its strength.
- It has therefore already been proposed to provide such foundation piles with a widened foot, whereby the pressure force from the pile can be distributed over a larger area in the bearing layer and a larger load can thus be taken up. Such a widening will in practice consist of a doubling of the diameter of the pile on its underside, since the bearing surface area is after all quadrupled thereby. Such a foundation pile with widened foot is already known under the name of "Franki pile", which is formed in practice by arranging in the ground a temporarily closed tube which is open on the underside and into which is cast a concrete mass which, when earthmoist, is struck out of the tube by means of a piledriving operation to form the widened foot. The rest of the pile is then formed and the reinforcement arranged, wherein the tube is pulled upward out of the ground.
- A drawback of the known method of forming the "Franki pile" is that the pile-driving of the widened foot is not in all cases practical or even permitted. This is particularly the case when the pile is placed in a built-up and/or residential area.
- The invention therefore has for its object to provide a method of the above described type wherein this drawback does not occur. This is achieved according to the invention by a method comprising the steps of:
- carrying into the ground in substantially vibrationfree manner a tube with a diameter substantially corresponding with that of the element for arranging,
- opening the tube at least on the underside, introducing a material forming the element into the ground through the tube,
- urging the material in its plastically deformable state with force laterally into the ground on the underside of the tube in order to form the widened foot, and
- removing the tube from the ground while forming the body of the element.
-
- By thus urging the material as plastic concrete mass in particular laterally into the ground, the pile can be formed practically without any vibration at all. This in contrast to the known method, wherein material is forced into the ground by means of pile-driving of earth-moist material, i.e. by a dynamic operation.
- The plastically deformable material under the tube is preferably urged laterally into the ground by exerting a constant or gradually changing pressure force thereon in mechanical manner. The widened foot is thus formed in a virtually static process, whereby vibrations and the drawbacks associated therewith are avoided. For exerting of the pressure force use can be made of a ram gradually displaceable to a position below the tube at low speed or of a pressure pump connected to the tube.
- The invention also relates to a device for performing the above described method. Such a device is provided according to the invention with:
- at least one tube with a diameter substantially corresponding with that of the element for arranging,
- means for carrying the tube into a ground in substantially vibration-free manner,
- means for introducing a material forming the element into the tube,
- means for urging the material with force laterally into the ground under the tube, and
- means for removing the tube from the ground.
-
- The means for lateral displacement of the plastically deformable material are preferably mechanical means which are adapted to exert a constant or gradually changing pressure force on the material. These means can be formed by a ram uniformly displaceable at relatively low speed to a position below the tube or by a closable inner tube functioning as such. The means for lateral displacement of the plastically deformable material can however also be formed by a pump placed above ground with which the material is pressed into the tube under pressure.
- The invention will now be elucidated on the basis of a number of embodiments, wherein reference is made to the annexed drawings, in which:
- figure 1 shows a partly cut-away schematic perspective view of a part of a first embodiment of the device for forming a pile with widened foot, which is provided with a separate ram,
- figure 2 shows a view corresponding with figure 1 of an alternative embodiment of the device with a closable inner tube functioning as ram,
- figure 3 shows a view corresponding with figures 1 and 2 of a second alternative embodiment wherein a closable inner tube likewise functions as ram,
- figure 4 is a view corresponding with the foregoing figures of a third alternative embodiment with a pressure pump instead of a ram, and
- figure 5 shows schematically the most important steps of the method according to the invention.
-
- A device 1 for arranging in a
ground 2 an upright, slender element, in particular a pile 3 with a widened foot 4, comprises anouter tube 5 for arranging in theground 2, the diameter of which substantially corresponds with the diameter of the pile 3 to be formed. Device 1 further comprises means (not shown here) for carryingtube 5 intoground 2, for instance a drilling gear or screw installation. - Lowered into
outer tube 5 in the shown example is aninner tube 6 in which aram 7 is movable up and downward to a position undertubes ram 7 can for instance be formed by a very heavy block suspended from a cable 8, but can also take the form of a pressing element which is pushed downward by one or more hydraulic jacks or by means of hydrostatic pressure. This pressing downward takes place gradually and uniformly at a relatively low speed which may lie between 1 and 100 m/min, preferably between 2 and 50 m/min and more preferably between 5 and 20 m/min. In the shownexample ram 7 is pressed downward at a speed of about 10 m/min. - A
seal 9 is arranged betweenram 7 and the inner wall ofinner tube 6 in order to prevent concrete mass escaping betweenram 7 andinner tube 6 when pressure is exerted thereon. Formed betweenouter tube 5 andinner tube 6 is anannular space 10 into which thematerial 11 from which pile 3 must be formed is cast or pumped as according to arrow S. Into thisannular space 10 is also lowered thereinforcement 12 which imparts to the pile 3 part of its final strength. Theannular space 10 is closable by aclosing member 13 or - if thematerial 11 of the pile is pumped - optionally by a valve on the material pump. -
Outer tube 5 is carried into theground 2 until it encounters a bearingground layer 14. Thematerial 11 is subsequently cast or pumped intoannular space 10 and the space closed bymember 13.Tube 5 is then raised in its entirety through a determined height, wherein the space left behind is simultaneously filled with the material (fig. 5A). Usingram 7 pressure is then exerted onmaterial 11 while it is still plastically deformable.Material 11 is driven laterally outward with force byram 7 which is pressed gradually downward to a position belowouter tube 5. The surroundingground 2 is herein pressed aside so that a foot 4 is formed which protrudes outsideouter tube 5. Ram 7 is moved reciprocally, wherein the space formed thereby is repeatedly filled with material 11 (fig. 5C, D). Becausematerial 11 is still very soft during the up and downward movement ofram 7, this movement does not result in shocks or vibrations in theground 2. - Once the foot 4 has been formed the
outer tube 5 is gradually withdrawn fromground 2, while a constant, optionally hydrostatic pressure is exerted on the suppliedconcrete mass 11, whereby the body of pile 3 is formed. When the whole pile 3 is finally formed thetubes ground 16. - In an alternative embodiment of the device 21 (figure 2)
inner tube 6 is likewise fixed relative toouter tube 5 but theannular space 10 formed therebetween is not used for supplyingmaterial 11. Use is made for this purpose of asecond tube 27 which is further located insideinner tube 6 and which functions simultaneously as ram.Reinforcement 12 is also placed in thismovable ram tube 27. In the shownembodiment ram tube 27 is closable at the top by means of aclosing member 23. It is also possible - if use is made of a material pump - to use a valve on the pump instead. For exerting a pressure force on the plasticallydeformable material 11 theram tube 27 is closed by means ofmember 23 and thereafter pressed downward. As a result of closingmember 23 the material present inram tube 27 cannot escape, whereby an increasing pressure is built up asram tube 27 moves downward.Outer tube 5 therefore only serves here to form a cavity of the desired diameter. The speed at which ramtube 27 is pressed downward otherwise corresponds with the above stated speeds ofram 7 of the first embodiment. - In a second variant of device 31 (figure 3) no separate
inner tube 6 is present butram tube 27 is received for direct displacement inouter tube 5. This variant otherwise operates just as the first alternative shown in figure 2. - Instead of a ram displaceable in
tube 5, use can also be made for exerting a pressure force of apump 37 placed aboveground 16, wherebymaterial 11 is delivered under pressure intoouter tube 5 via a conduit 42 (figure 4). Because this embodiment does not require any components movable intube 5, it is structurally simpler. It should be remembered here thattube 5 will often extend some tens of metres into theground 2.Pump 37 will on the other hand require a relatively high capacity. - With the devices as described above and shown in the figures it is possible to arrange a pile 3 with a widened foot 4 in a
soft ground 2 in wholly or practically vibration-free manner. Use is herein made of the insight that thematerial 11 of the pile can be easily placed under pressure in static or practically static manner as long as it is plastically deformable, whereby no striking or pile-driving operations are required. - Although the method and device according to the invention are described above withe reference to a number of embodiments, it will be apparent to the skilled person that it is not limited thereto. The slender, upright body does not therefore have to form a pile but can also function for instance as drainage column. Concrete or mortar is then not used here as material but gravel or sand which can be blown or pressed downward under pressure into
outer tube 5. - The scope of the present invention is therefore defined solely by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
- Method for arranging in a ground in substantially vibration-free manner a slender, upright element, in particular a pile with a widened foot, comprising the steps of:carrying into the ground in substantially vibrationfree manner a tube with a diameter substantially corresponding with that of the element for arranging,opening the tube at least on the underside, introducing a material forming the element into the ground through the tube,urging the material in its plastically deformable state with force laterally into the ground on the underside of the tube in order to form the widened foot, andremoving the tube from the ground while forming the body of the element.
- Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the material under the tube is urged laterally into the ground by exerting a constant pressure force thereon in mechanical manner.
- Method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the pressure force is exerted by displacing at least one ram downward to a position below the tube.
- Method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the ram is formed by a closable inner tube displaceable in the tube.
- Method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the pressure force is exerted by means of a pump with which material is pressed under pressure into the tube.
- Device for arranging in the ground in substantially vibration-free manner a slender, upright element, in particular a pile with a widened foot, provided with:at least one tube with a diameter substantially corresponding with that of the element for arranging,means for carrying the tube into a ground in substantially vibration-free manner,means for introducing a material forming the element into the tube,means for urging the material with force laterally into the ground under the tube, andmeans for removing the tube from the ground.
- Device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the means for lateral displacement of the material are mechanical means which are adapted to exert a constant pressure force on the material.
- Device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the means for lateral displacement of the material comprise at least one ram displaceable to a position below the tube.
- Device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the ram is formed by a closable inner tube displaceable in the tube.
- Device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the means for lateral displacement of the material comprise a material pump connected to the tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1007690A NL1007690C2 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 1997-12-04 | Method and device for installing a pile in a substrate. |
NL1007690 | 1997-12-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0921234A1 true EP0921234A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
Family
ID=19766109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98204111A Withdrawn EP0921234A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 | 1998-12-04 | Method and device for arranging a pile in a ground |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0921234A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1007690C2 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001012906A1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-22 | Graham Hargrave Menz | Apparatus and method for producing cement mix columns |
EP1337717A1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2003-08-27 | Geotechnical Reinforcement Company, Inc | Lateral displacement pier and method of installing the same |
WO2004005626A1 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Matyas Vilmos Bela | Method for increasing load-bearing capacity of soil |
EP1382751A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-21 | Roxbury Limited | Ground improvement |
CN100387789C (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2008-05-14 | 王继忠 | Concrete pile construction method |
CN103132511A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 刘润郊 | Pile-forming method and pile-forming device for static pressure immersed tube expanded-base cast-in-place pile |
CN105369803A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 陕西聚源基础工程有限公司 | Device and method based on static pressure immersed tube hole forming heavy hammer tamping compaction pile |
NL2013774B1 (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-10-06 | Gbr Advies B V | Foundation pile and method for forming a foundation pile. |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR388552A (en) * | 1908-03-27 | 1908-08-17 | Armand Gabriel Considere | Formation, at the base of the piles, of enlarged bases |
CH490578A (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1970-05-15 | Bless Bauunternehmung Ag | Process for the production of a pile from in-situ concrete |
US3842609A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1974-10-22 | Gilberd Hadfield Pile Co Ltd | Piling methods |
US4494613A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1985-01-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Method and apparatus for driving hollow piles into the ground |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1987000163A1 (en) * | 1985-07-03 | 1987-01-15 | Toshiro Suzuki | Process for producing mortar and method for applying the same |
-
1997
- 1997-12-04 NL NL1007690A patent/NL1007690C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-12-04 EP EP98204111A patent/EP0921234A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR388552A (en) * | 1908-03-27 | 1908-08-17 | Armand Gabriel Considere | Formation, at the base of the piles, of enlarged bases |
CH490578A (en) * | 1969-06-17 | 1970-05-15 | Bless Bauunternehmung Ag | Process for the production of a pile from in-situ concrete |
US3842609A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1974-10-22 | Gilberd Hadfield Pile Co Ltd | Piling methods |
US4494613A (en) * | 1982-03-11 | 1985-01-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho | Method and apparatus for driving hollow piles into the ground |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001012906A1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-22 | Graham Hargrave Menz | Apparatus and method for producing cement mix columns |
EP1337717A1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2003-08-27 | Geotechnical Reinforcement Company, Inc | Lateral displacement pier and method of installing the same |
EP1337717A4 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2004-09-22 | Geotechnical Reinforcement Com | Lateral displacement pier and method of installing the same |
WO2004005626A1 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-01-15 | Matyas Vilmos Bela | Method for increasing load-bearing capacity of soil |
EP1382751A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-21 | Roxbury Limited | Ground improvement |
EP1382750A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-21 | Roxbury Limited | Ground improvement |
CN100387789C (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2008-05-14 | 王继忠 | Concrete pile construction method |
CN103132511A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 刘润郊 | Pile-forming method and pile-forming device for static pressure immersed tube expanded-base cast-in-place pile |
NL2013774B1 (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-10-06 | Gbr Advies B V | Foundation pile and method for forming a foundation pile. |
CN105369803A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 陕西聚源基础工程有限公司 | Device and method based on static pressure immersed tube hole forming heavy hammer tamping compaction pile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL1007690C2 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
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