EP0908691B1 - Kreuzstromwärmetauscher - Google Patents

Kreuzstromwärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0908691B1
EP0908691B1 EP98401974A EP98401974A EP0908691B1 EP 0908691 B1 EP0908691 B1 EP 0908691B1 EP 98401974 A EP98401974 A EP 98401974A EP 98401974 A EP98401974 A EP 98401974A EP 0908691 B1 EP0908691 B1 EP 0908691B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
carcass
tubes
exchanger according
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401974A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0908691A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Carpentier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D'ETUDES ET DE CONSTRUCTIONS AERO-NAVALES Ste
Original Assignee
D'ETUDES ET DE CONSTRUCTIONS AERO-NAVALES Ste
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Publication of EP0908691A1 publication Critical patent/EP0908691A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0908691B1 publication Critical patent/EP0908691B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0081—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by a single plate-like element ; the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being integrated in one single plate-like element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0236—Header boxes; End plates floating elements
    • F28F9/0241—Header boxes; End plates floating elements floating end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/102—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with change of flow direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger of the type comprising a first series of flow paths of a first temperature fluid high, made of a thermally conductive material, and a second series of flow paths of a second lower temperature fluid, made of a thermally conductive material, which are intercepted perpendicularly to ensure a heat exchange between the first and second fluids, each channel being oblong and divided, by intermediate means of a thermally conductive material fixed to the faces long internal channels, in a plurality of internal channels.
  • Heat exchangers of this type which are known, are produced under form of a compact block in which the different flow paths of fluid are formed by blades constituting the long walls and connecting bars of these blades. The assembly of the blades and bars is made by brazing. Due to the heat exchange effect between the two fluids, in the fluid flow paths at high temperature, a large temperature gradient between the inlet and outlet of the fluid in the exchanger.
  • This gradient causes mechanical stresses in the compact block of the exchanger, in particular at the level of the blade and bar attachments, resulting in cracks and breaks.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger which overcomes the drawbacks which have just been stated, of known exchangers.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention is characterized in that the tracks of the first series are formed by flat tubes, parallel, juxtaposed in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of symmetry of their cross section, at predetermined distances, between two outer side plates parallel to the tubes that form the cheeks a carcass open to the other side faces, and held at the top and bottom by inlet and outlet header plates of inlet manifolds and outlet into which these tubes open, and in that the channels of the second series are formed by the spaces between the flat tubes on the one hand, and the outer tubes and the cheek plates, on the other hand.
  • one of the collector plates is fixed rise in the carcass while the other is free therein.
  • the plate collector which is fixedly mounted in the carcass is the collector plate of the heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 shows, by way of example, the use of a heat exchanger according to the invention in an airplane, in which it is mounted in the flow of hot gases F1, of the order of for example 600 ° C., to ensure the cooling of these by the fluid F2 of for example 250 ° C.
  • the fluid F1 is brought through a conduit 1, passes through exchanger A passing through the inlet and outlet manifolds respectively 2 and 3 to reach the outlet conduit 4 connected to the manifold 3 by a flexible connection element 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the indicated heat exchanger at A in FIG. 1.
  • This exchanger comprises a plurality of flat tubes 7 parallel and separated from each other by a predetermined distance in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the cross section of the tubes, between two side plates 8 parallel to the tubes 7 of an indicated carcass generally at 9 and of substantially rectangular cross section and which is open to the two other opposite lateral faces 10.
  • the tubes are made of a thermally conductive material.
  • the two side plates 8 which constitute the cheeks of the exchanger are connected at their four angles by angles 11.
  • the tubes are held at the top and bottom at the level of the frame formed by the upper and lower edges of the plates 8 and the angles 11 by plates upper and lower manifolds 14 and 13 respectively which are part of heat exchangers respectively outlet 3 and inlet 2 according to the figure 1.
  • each tube 7 is divided by an intermediate strip 16 bent into a serpentine in a plurality of channels 17 parallel to the axis of the tube.
  • the interlayer is made of a thermally conductive material and fixed by brazing on the internal faces of the tube along its crest lines.
  • a strip 19 made of a thermally conductive material, folded into a serpentine.
  • This interlayer is fixed, by brazing, to the external walls of the tubes so as to dividing the space between the tubes into a plurality of channels 20 extending perpendicular to the axes of the tubes between the open faces 10 of the carcass.
  • the space between each outer tube 7 and the cheek plate 8 adjacent is also occupied by a serpentine intermediate element 19. But, the latter is only fixed to the external face of the tube and free at the level from plate 8.
  • the fluid F1 crosses the channels 16 of the tubes 7 while the fluid 2 flows through the channels 20 of the interlayer 19 arranged outside the tubes.
  • one of the two plates manifolds 13, 14 preferably the plate 13 of the inlet manifold 2 in due to the higher temperature of the fluid F1 in it, is integral in 21 of the carcass 9, that is to say of the lower edges of the plates 8 and of the lower angles 11, while the other collector plate, that is to say the plate 14 of the outlet manifold 3, remains free inside the frame formed by the upper end of the plates 8 and of the upper angles 11 in leaving an interval 22.
  • the conductive plate superior 14 this freedom of movement within this framework, we have, in the version of embodiment shown in Figure 4, given to this plate of dimensions smaller than those of the input conductive plate 13, while that in the version according to FIG. 5, the two header plates 13 and 14 and thus the two collectors 2 and 3 have the same dimensions and only the side plates 8 are at their upper end deported to the outside.
  • the interval 22 thus formed between the collecting plate 13 and the walls 8 and the angles 11 can be closed by a non-sealing gasket shown to prevent leakage of fluid F2 through gap 22.
  • the gap is preferably on the side of the exchanger in which the temperature of the fluid is lower.
  • FIGs 6 to 10 show several embodiments of the heat exchanger heat proposed by the invention.
  • the heat exchanger is two-pass type against the current. Input and output collectors with their collector plates indicated respectively in 25 and 26 are juxtaposed at the upper end of the exchanger.
  • the internal space of the carcass is divided into two compartments 29, 30 by a central partition axial 27. Each compartment 29, 30 houses a heat exchanger unit.
  • the two compartments are connected at the bottom by a common collector 31 of which the collecting plates for holding the tubes 7 are integral with the carcass while the inlet and outlet header plates 25 and 26 are free. The interval between these plates and the carcass is indicated in 34.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a three-pass counter-current heat exchanger.
  • This exchanger has three compartments 36, 37, 38 crossed successively by the fluid F1.
  • compartments 36 and 37 and the compartments 37 and 38 are connected by a common collector respectively 39, 40.
  • the inlet manifold 41 is disconnected from the carcass, the common collector 39 is integral and the common exchanger 40 is separated at the level of the compartments 37 and 38.
  • FIGs 8 and 9 show an exchanger of the same type as that shown in Figures 2 to 5, but provided with an intermediate manifold 42 for allow the fluid F1 ′ to be withdrawn at a temperature higher than that of the fluid in the upper manifold 3, for example for defrosting the wings of an airplane.
  • the collector plates 13 and 14 of the inlet exchanger are separated from the carcass 8, while the collector 42 is fixed to the two outer carcass plates 8. But it is also possible to leave the collector 42 and the plate 14 free, while the plate 13 is fixed to the plates 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a version of a heat exchanger in which, for relative to the embodiment in FIG. 1, each flow path of the fluid F1 is formed by two tubes 7a and 7b juxtaposed in the direction of the major axis of the cross section.
  • the tubes could have other shapes and be curved in their cross section. It is also not necessary that, in the same bundle, all the tubes have the same length or be straight.
  • the interlayer instead of being trained by a serpentine band fixed by brazing on the faces of the tube, the interlayer, could come from material and the tubes produced with the fins, for example by extrusion.
  • each channel flow could be formed by more than two tubes.
  • the design of the exchanger is valid for any metallic or composite material.
  • FIGs 11 and 12 show an embodiment of the exchanger according to the invention, which is particularly suitable in the case where high pressure reigns in the space 18 between adjacent tubes 7.
  • the cheeks 8 of the carcass 9 are advantageously divided at their midline in two parts 45, 46 respectively integral with the inlet 2 and outlet 3 collectors.
  • the two cheek parts 45, 46 are connected at their adjacent edges 47, 48 by a connecting member flexible seal 50, for example in the form of a band or a bellows.
  • the intermediate strips 19 arranged in the space between the outer flat tubes 7 and the cheek portions 45, 46 are fixed at their top to these parts.
  • the flexible connecting member 50 could be reinforced by an element of reinforcement 51 for example made of metal for better pressure resistance.
  • the connecting member 50 is mounted on the outer face of the cheek pieces 45 and 46, but could also be placed on the sides interior.
  • cheeks could also be divided into a larger number than in the version shown. It is only important that this division into at least two parts, with tight overlap of the areas of separation by tight and flexible connecting members give the carcass freedom of movement which in the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 5, is provided by the gap 22 between the cheeks and the manifold exit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Wärmetauscher des Typs mit einer ersten Reihe von Strömungswegen für ein erstes Fluid einer erhöhten Temperatur, ausgebildet aus einem wärmeleitenden Werkstoff, und einer zweiten Reihe von Strömungswegen für ein zweites Fluid mit einer geringeren Temperatur, ausgebildet aus einem wärmeleitendem Werkstoff, wobei die Wege rechtwinklig zueinander verlaufen, um einen Wärmetausch zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Fluid zu erreichen, und jeder Weg eine längliche Form hat und durch Zwischenelemente aus einem wärmeleitendem Material, die an Längs-Innenseiten der Wege fixiert sind, in mehrere Innenkanäle unterteilt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wege der ersten Reihe gebildet werden durch parallele Flachrohre (7), die in Richtung rechtwinklig zu der Hauptsymmetrieachse ihres Querschnitts mit vorbestimmten Abständen nebeneinander angeordnet sind zwischen zwei äußeren Seitenplatten (8) parallel zu den Rohren (7) eines an den anderen Seiten offenen Gehäuses (10), und oben und unten gehalten von Sammeleintrittsplatten (13) und -austrittsplatten (14) eines Eingangssammlers (2) und eines Ausgangssammlers (3), in die die Rohre (7) münden, und daß die Wege der zweiten Reihe gebildet sind durch die Zwischenräume (17) zwischen den Flachrohren (7) und den Außenrohren sowie den Platten des Gehäuses (8).
  2. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Sammelplatten (13, 14) in dem Gehäuse (9) fest montiert ist, während die andere (14, 13) innerhalb des Gehäuses frei ist.
  3. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelplatte (13) des Eingangssammlers (2) fest in dem Gehäuse (9) montiert ist.
  4. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede äußere Seitenplatte (8) sich aus mindestens zwei Teilen (45, 46) zusammensetzt, die entlang Linien getrennt sind, die etwa rechtwinklig zu der Längsachse der Flachrohre (7) verlaufen, und die voneinander bei relativ kleinem Abstand im Kaltzustand voneinander getrennt sind, und daß die getrennten Teile untereinander durch dichte und elastische Verbindungsorgane (50) verbunden sind, wobei die Platten einstückig mit den Eingangssammlern (2) und Ausgangssammlern (3) ausgebildet sind.
  5. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einem elastischen Verbindungsorgan (50) ein Verstärkungselement (51) zugeordnet ist.
  6. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zwischenelement (16) in Form von Stegen oder eines serpentinenartig gefalteten Bands sich innerhalb jedes Flachrohrs (7) befindet.
  7. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zwischenelement (19) in Form von Stegen oder in Form eines serpentinenartig gebogenen Bands sich in dem Raum (18) zwischen zwei benachbarten Flachrohren (7) befindet und an den Außenseiten von diesen fixiert ist, und daß sich ein Zwischenelement zwischen jedem äußeren Rohr (7) und der entsprechenden Außenplatte (8) des Gehäuses befindet, wobei dieses Zwischenelement ausschließlich an der Außenseite des Rohrs (7) befestigt ist.
  8. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1, 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zwischenelement (19) in Form von Stegen oder in Form eines serpentinenartig gefalteten Bandes sich in dem Raum (18) zwischen benachbarten Flachrohren (7) befindet und an den Außenseiten von diesen fixiert ist, und daß das Zwischenelement welches sich zwischen jedem Außenrohr (7) und der entsprechenden Außenplatte (8) des Gehäuses befindet, an der Außenseite des Rohrs (7) und an der Innenseite der Platte (8) befestigt ist.
  9. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (9) zwei der vorgenannten Seitenplatten (8) und im Bereich der Ecken dieser Platten Elemente, beispielsweise Winkelstücke (11), aufweist, welche die Ecken verbinden.
  10. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3, 6, 7 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelptatte (14), die nicht einstückig mit dem Gehäuse (9) verbunden ist, Abmessungen besitzt, die geringer sind als jene der Sammelplatte (13) des Gehäuses.
  11. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3, 6, 7 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sammelplatte (13), die nicht einstückig mit dem Gehäuse (9) ausgebildet ist, die gleichen Abmessungen wie die einstückig mit dem Gehäuse ausgebildete Sammelplatte (14) aufweist, und das Gehäuse im Bereich der nicht einstückigen leitenden Platte vergrößert ist.
  12. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Zwischenraum (22) zwischen der nicht einstückigen leitenden Platte des Gehäuses (9) und letzterem eine Dichtungsverbindung angeordnet ist.
  13. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer Tauscherkonfiguration mit mehreren Kreuzstrom-Durchgängen das Gehäuse des Wärmetauschers in eine geeignete Anzahl von Abteilen (29, 30; 37 bis 38) unterteilt ist, die jeweils eine Wärmetauschereinheit aufnehmen, und daß die Tauschereinheiten im Bereich einer Sammelplatte von dem Gehäuse getrennt sind.
  14. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Zwischensammler (42) zwischen zwei Gruppen von in Reihe angeordneten Flachrohren (7) aufweist, um das heiße Fluid (F1) auf eine Zwischentemperatur zwischen Eintritts- und Austrittstemperatur des Fluids zu bringen, und daß der Zwischensammler (42) oder einer der Sammler (13, 14) einstückig mit dem Gehäuse ausgebildet ist.
  15. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strömungsweg (7) des ersten Fluids (F1) durch zwei Flachröhren (7a, 7b) gebildet ist, die in der Richtung der Hauptquerschnittachse der Rohre nebeneinander angeordnet sind.
  16. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre (7) einen Querschnitt beliebiger Form haben, insbesondere aber einen länglichen und geradlinigen Querschnitt haben.
  17. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre einen kurvenförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
  18. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohre in axialer Richtung geradlinig oder bogenförmig sind.
  19. Wärmetauscher nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus metallischem Werkstoff besteht.
EP98401974A 1997-10-10 1998-08-03 Kreuzstromwärmetauscher Expired - Lifetime EP0908691B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9712712 1997-10-10
FR9712712A FR2769697B1 (fr) 1997-10-10 1997-10-10 Echangeur de chaleur du type a croisement orthogonal de deux fluides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0908691A1 EP0908691A1 (de) 1999-04-14
EP0908691B1 true EP0908691B1 (de) 2003-02-19

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98401974A Expired - Lifetime EP0908691B1 (de) 1997-10-10 1998-08-03 Kreuzstromwärmetauscher

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EP (1) EP0908691B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE232961T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69811452T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2769697B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2779812B1 (fr) * 1998-06-12 2000-10-06 Soc Et Et De Const Aero Navale Echangeur de chaleur du type a carter creux renfermant notamment un grand nombre de premieres voies d'ecoulement d'un premier fluide et parcouru par un second fluide en contact d'echange thermique avec ces voies
FR2846406B1 (fr) * 2002-10-29 2005-12-30 Const Aero Navales Dispositif tel qu'un echangeur de chaleur du type comprenant un corps central dont deux cotes d'extremite opposes sont coiffes par une boite de forme generale convexe et echangeur de chaleur approprie
DE102004031567A1 (de) * 2004-06-29 2006-02-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
DE102006005106A1 (de) * 2006-02-04 2007-08-09 Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine Wärmetauscher mit einer Anschlussplatte, insbesondere Ladeluftkühler

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1115988A (en) * 1965-11-03 1968-06-06 Herbert Fernyhough Maddocks Improvements in heat exchangers
FR1544973A (fr) * 1966-11-18 1968-11-08 Marston Excelsior Ltd échangeur de chaleur du type à plaques
FR2214094B1 (de) * 1973-01-16 1976-05-14 Marston Excelsior Ltd
FR2224727B1 (de) * 1973-04-04 1975-08-22 Chausson Usines Sa
FR2415790A1 (fr) * 1978-01-27 1979-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Perfectionnements aux echangeurs de chaleur a calandre et tubes
US4453592A (en) * 1981-08-03 1984-06-12 The Air Preheater Company, Inc. Expansion guide
DE3260735D1 (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-10-18 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heat exchanger with several pipe bundles
FR2542438B1 (fr) * 1983-03-08 1988-02-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur entre deux gaz a surface d'echange en matiere plastique
DE4142375A1 (de) * 1991-12-20 1993-07-08 Siemens Ag Kuehlluftkuehler fuer gasturbinen
US5186239A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-02-16 Ford Motor Company Heat exchanger with thermal stress relieving zone
SE469912C (sv) * 1992-09-30 1996-03-28 Valeo Engine Cooling Ab Fordonskylare med platta rör i rader där rören har vidgade ändpartier och däremellan närliggande rad vidrörande partier

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Publication number Publication date
ATE232961T1 (de) 2003-03-15
EP0908691A1 (de) 1999-04-14
DE69811452T2 (de) 2003-12-24
DE69811452D1 (de) 2003-03-27
FR2769697B1 (fr) 1999-12-31
FR2769697A1 (fr) 1999-04-16

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