EP0905470A1 - Igniting component for a pyrotechnic composition or a propulsive charge - Google Patents

Igniting component for a pyrotechnic composition or a propulsive charge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0905470A1
EP0905470A1 EP98117138A EP98117138A EP0905470A1 EP 0905470 A1 EP0905470 A1 EP 0905470A1 EP 98117138 A EP98117138 A EP 98117138A EP 98117138 A EP98117138 A EP 98117138A EP 0905470 A1 EP0905470 A1 EP 0905470A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ignition
component
components
propellant charge
electrodes
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Granted
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EP98117138A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0905470B1 (en
Inventor
Luc Brunet
Frantz Caillau
André Espagnacq
Patrick Guerenne
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Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41B—WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE; WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F41B6/00—Electromagnetic launchers ; Plasma-actuated launchers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of components allowing the ignition of a composition pyrotechnic or a propellant charge of ammunition.
  • Known igniters include a composition pyrotechnic likely to generate a flame whose temperature is sufficient to ignite a propellant charge or a useful pyrotechnic composition (composition smoke, lighting or gas generator for example).
  • the ignition composition is itself initiated by a electrical means which could be a heating wire, a wire exploded or a semiconductor bridge.
  • composition ignition pyrotechnic which has some sensitivity, especially to heating or discharges electrostatic.
  • Handling and manufacturing of these components therefore presents certain risks and ammunition or devices who use these components also have risks of untimely initiation.
  • the known components only work one only once and they release all their energy following the passage of a current in the medium electric initiation.
  • Such a mode of operation is brutal and can generate ignition heterogeneities in the composition which are likely to disturb the combustion regime subsequent and cause pressure waves.
  • Plasma torches are used alone (see par example patent US2899864) or associated with a charge conventional solid or liquid propellant (see par example patent US5231242) in a cannon commonly called "Electro-Thermal-Chemical Canon".
  • the known plasma torches are of dimensions important (of the order of 200 to 300 mm long) and they consume significant energy (of the order of Megajoule), which is released in a way that is difficult to control.
  • the pressure that sets the projectile in motion results in both combustion of the propellant charge and the pressure of the plasma generated by the torch, plasma which also modifies the propellant charge combustion regime.
  • the pressure delivered by the torch is important in order to allow an increase in the projectile speed by maintaining the level longer of the pressure applied to it.
  • the ignition component according to the invention allows ensure reliable and reproducible ignition of pyrotechnic compositions or propellant charges.
  • the component proposed by the invention also makes it possible to provide additional energy to obtain speeds for the projectile.
  • the subject of the invention is an ignition component a pyrotechnic composition or a propellant charge, component characterized in that it comprises at least two electrodes separated by a cylindrical insulating jacket delimiting an internal volume, electrodes connected by a conductive fuse located in the internal volume, the component thus constituting a plasma torch whose dimensions are such that it generates a plasma when receives a starting voltage less than or equal to 600 volts and we provide it with lower electrical energy or equal to 5000 joules.
  • the ignition component according to the invention therefore constitutes a plasma torch, but a very large torch reduced. Indeed, concretely such conditions supply lead to design a torch in which the distance between the non-isolated parts of the electrodes through free space (distance over which occurs the electric arc) is less than or equal to 10 mm (and preferably of the order of 5 mm).
  • the merit of the inventors was to consider that it was still possible to obtain a plasma with a structure of also reduced in size, and that the plasma obtained was sufficient to allow the ignition of a pyrotechnic composition or of a propellant charge.
  • a component ignition to produce a flame can be defined by not comprising any flame-generating composition.
  • the ignition fuse could be constituted by a conductive fibrous structure substantially filling the entire internal volume delimited by the electrodes and the insulating jacket.
  • the fibrous structure will advantageously be formed by carbon filaments, or one or more wires of copper or magnesium.
  • the component includes a seal closing an outlet bore gases generated and ensuring containment of the internal volume.
  • the invention also relates to a device igniting a propellant charge using such a component ignition.
  • such an ignition device may have at least three ignition components according to the invention secured to a support tube.
  • the ignition device according to the invention may include at least three components regularly distributed on the external surface of the support tube and whose axes are substantially perpendicular to the axis of the support tube.
  • the ignition device may be such that the support tube also carries at least one pyrotechnic igniter.
  • the invention finally relates to a propellant charge of ammunition comprising a combustible shell containing a load propellant, charge characterized in that it comprises a ignition device according to the invention.
  • the energy level of the plasma generated by the component increases the pressure developed in the chamber of a small or medium caliber weapon and keep this pressure longer at the back of the projectile.
  • Electro-Thermal-Chemical weapons and ammunition from small caliber (less than 14mm) or medium caliber (less than 50mm), which was impossible with the torches with known plasma whose field of use is limited to large caliber.
  • the ignition component proposed by the invention although small in size, is capable of delivering (with a suitable electronic control device) multiple jets consecutive plasma separated by a few milliseconds.
  • ignition components for weapons of caliber greater than 25mm it is possible to use several ignition components according to the invention to constitute an ignition device which will allow, by the combination of the plasma generated by each component, to provide a global energy plasma sufficient and analogous to that provided by torches known.
  • the ignition device according to the invention allows also to control the pressure rise curve in the gun chamber, so the shooting performance.
  • an ignition component 1 comprises at least two electrodes 2a, 2b separated by a cylindrical insulating jacket 3.
  • the electrodes 2a and 2b are made of metal (by example in brass) and we can make the insulating jacket 3 made of plastic, for example polyethylene.
  • the electrodes and the envelope define a volume internal 4.
  • the electrodes are connected by a fuse conductor 5 which is arranged in the volume internal 4.
  • the ignition fuse could for example be constituted by a copper wire, it will advantageously be fixed to the envelope for example by gluing.
  • the electrode 2a is full and it carries an axial pin 6 pointed which is intended to constitute a foot for the arc of shock.
  • the electrode 2b has an axial bore 7 which is intended to let pass the plasma generated by the component.
  • the bore is closed by a polymer cover 8 (by example in capton) which ensures both the watertightness of the component and initial plasma confinement.
  • the cover 8 is bonded to the electrode 2b, its diameter is slightly lower than this one to leave a non-insulated part of the electrode 2b opposite the electrode 2a.
  • the electrodes are connected by wires 9a, 9b to a voltage generator 10.
  • the total external length of this ignition component is about 20mm, its outer diameter is about 10mm.
  • the internal volume 4 is therefore about 1 cm3.
  • the dimensions of this component are substantially those of known pyrotechnic ignition components (igniters).
  • This ignition component is intended to be placed at the near or in contact with a pyrotechnic composition or of a propellant charge to ignite.
  • the generator 10 supplies the component with a voltage priming of the order of 500 to 600 volts.
  • the fuse 5 has a resistance which is chosen such that the voltage supplied by the generator heats it violently causing its vaporization.
  • a copper or carbon wire of diameter less than 0.1 mm is perfectly suitable.
  • fuse 5 creates inside the cavity 4 a conductive medium of low resistance (less than 500 milliohms), this has the effect of initiating between the electrodes 2a and 2b an electric arc. Priming of the arc is favored by the presence of the axial stud 6.
  • the electric arc causes an increase in pressure and the temperature inside the cavity 4. This has the effect of causing a layer-by-layer vaporization of the material of the insulating jacket 3 (ablating).
  • the seal 8 breaks by releasing out of the component and through the axial bore 7 the gases under high temperature and pressure (plasma).
  • the temperature obtained with such a component is 3000 at 50,000 ° K. Such a temperature is enough to initiate practically any type of pyrotechnic composition or charge propellant.
  • An advantage of the ignition component according to the invention is that the inflammation plasma is obtained from a current generator with a starting voltage of a few hundred volts.
  • Another advantage of the component according to the invention is that it is completely inert, therefore it can be manufactured and handled without any danger. Furthermore, it cannot be accidentally initiated, the plasma only forming following the vaporization of the wire and in the presence of a potential difference between the electrodes which must be maintain for a sufficient time interval at the arc formation (a few microseconds). These two conditions cannot accidentally appear so simultaneous for example following a discharge electrostatic.
  • the ignition component according to the invention can be made with an extremely reduced size. We can him give substantially the overall volume of a grain of powder propellant, about 6mm long and 4mm in diameter. The operating voltages will then be a little more weak.
  • Figure 1a shows an alternative embodiment in which the axial stud 6 is replaced by a crown arc initiation 11.
  • This variant makes it possible to locate the formation of electric arcs in the vicinity of the envelope insulating 3, which promotes the ablation thereof and rapid increase in pressure.
  • Figure 2 shows an ignition component according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • This mode differs from the previous one in that the fuse priming 5 is replaced by a fibrous structure conductive 12 which fills substantially the entire volume internal 4 delimited by the electrodes 2a, 2b and the envelope insulating 3.
  • a ball of yarn may be used as the fibrous structure 12 produced by the entanglement of carbon filaments of a few micrometers in diameter. This embodiment facilitates the fabrication and mounting of the fuse priming. Alternatively it is also possible to use copper or magnesium filaments of about one tenth of a mm in diameter.
  • FIG 3 shows an ignition component according to a third embodiment. This mode differs from that according to Figure 1 in that the insulating jacket 3 is surrounded by a mechanical reinforcement case 13. This case will be produced in a insulating material for example in a filament wound to based on glass fibers or Kevlar.
  • Figure 3a shows such an alternative embodiment.
  • the reinforcement case 13 being conductive, it is then possible to fix the electrical connection wires at the same face of the component, on either side of the insulating envelope 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows ammunition 14 comprising a projectile 15 and a case 16 for a propellant charge 17.
  • the case carries at the rear part a base metal 18.
  • the base has an axial housing in which is arranged an ignition component 1 according to the invention.
  • the ignition component is attached to the base at the by means of a connecting ring 20 integral with the reinforcement mechanical 13.
  • the ignition component ensures the ignition of the propellant charge by applying a voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.
  • the ignition component then supplies several jets of consecutive plasma separated by time intervals of which it is possible to program the width (from a few microseconds a few milliseconds).
  • the pressure supplied by the plasma also comes add to that provided by the propellant powder and it also modifies the combustion regime of the latter, which increases the speed of the projectile.
  • the ignition component according to the invention of defining electro thermal weapon systems almost without modifying the weapon (since the plasma generator is integral with the ammunition case) and for all sizes, in particular sizes below 50mm.
  • FIGS 5a and 5b show an ignition device more particularly suitable for lighting loads large caliber propellants (greater than 50mm). These measures ignition comprises a support tube 21, metallic or plastic and which extends along the axis 26 of the ammunition in the manner of an artillery igniter tube traditional. This tube is made integral with the base 18 of the ammunition by means of a fixing ring 20 and it carries several ignition components 1 according to the invention regularly distributed around its periphery.
  • the different ignition components are shown here schematically.
  • the axis 27 of each component is substantially perpendicular to the axis 26 of the support tube 21 to except for a 1ex component placed at the end of the tube and whose axis coincides with that of the tube.
  • the ignition components are oriented so that the plasma they generate diffuses into the charge propellant 17 surrounding the tube 21. They are therefore fixed to the tube 21 by their non-pierced electrode 2a.
  • the tube 21 receives the various supply wires components. We can only plan one wire per component (connected to electrode 2a) and ensure current return of all components 1 through the tube support 21.
  • the supply wires are united in a strand 22 which is connected to the electric generator 10.
  • This one includes a high voltage source 24 as well as a switchable contactor 23 which connects the source of high voltage to one or more of the ignition components.
  • the switchable contactor will for example include different high voltage static relays.
  • Contactor 23 is controlled by a programmer 25 (such as a microphone processor) in which the ignition sequence of the different components is introduced before firing.
  • This ignition device allows you to control specifies the pressure rise curve in the pressure chamber the weapon therefore the performances of shooting.
  • Figure 6 shows another embodiment which differs from the previous one in that the support tube carries to the times ignition components 1 according to the invention and conventional pyrotechnic igniters 28.
  • the electric generator 10 here again includes a high voltage source 24 and a switchable contactor 23 which connects the high voltage source to one or more ignition components 1.
  • Contactors 23 and 29 are controlled by the programmer 25 in which the ignition sequence of the different components is introduced before firing.
  • This variant allows you to play in a different way on the evolution of the pressure in the chamber of the weapon.
  • the ignition component according to the invention can finally be used for applications other than ignition, for example example for making cuts or welds.

Abstract

The ignition unit (1) has two electrodes (2a,2b) separated by a cylindrical insulating tube (3) defining an internal volume (4). The electrodes are connected by a fuse wire (5) running diagonally through the internal volume to form a plasma torch. The dimensions are chosen to produce a plasma discharge when subject to a potential of 600 Volt or less and requiring less than 5000 joule of energy.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des composants permettant l'allumage d'une composition pyrotechnique ou bien d'une charge propulsive de munition.The technical field of the invention is that of components allowing the ignition of a composition pyrotechnic or a propellant charge of ammunition.

Les allumeurs connus comprennent une composition pyrotechnique susceptible d'engendrer une flamme dont la température est suffisante pour allumer une charge propulsive ou bien une composition pyrotechnique utile (composition fumigène, éclairante ou génératrice de gaz par exemple).Known igniters include a composition pyrotechnic likely to generate a flame whose temperature is sufficient to ignite a propellant charge or a useful pyrotechnic composition (composition smoke, lighting or gas generator for example).

La composition d'allumage est elle même initiée par un moyen électrique qui pourra être un fil chauffant, un fil explosé ou encore un pont semi-conducteur.The ignition composition is itself initiated by a electrical means which could be a heating wire, a wire exploded or a semiconductor bridge.

Ces composants présentent des inconvénients.These components have drawbacks.

Ainsi, ils mettent tous en oeuvre une composition pyrotechnique d'allumage qui présente une certaine sensibilité, notamment à l'échauffement ou aux décharges électrostatiques.So, they all implement a composition ignition pyrotechnic which has some sensitivity, especially to heating or discharges electrostatic.

La manipulation et la fabrication de ces composants présente donc certains risques et les munitions ou artifices qui mettent en oeuvre ces composants présentent également des risques d'initiation intempestive.Handling and manufacturing of these components therefore presents certain risks and ammunition or devices who use these components also have risks of untimely initiation.

De plus, les composants connus ne fonctionnent qu'une seule fois et ils délivrent ainsi toute leur énergie consécutivement au passage d'un courant dans le moyen électrique d'initiation.In addition, the known components only work one only once and they release all their energy following the passage of a current in the medium electric initiation.

Un tel mode de fonctionnement est brutal et peut engendrer des hétérogénéités d'allumage dans la composition qui sont susceptibles de perturber le régime de combustion ultérieur et provoquer des ondes de pression.Such a mode of operation is brutal and can generate ignition heterogeneities in the composition which are likely to disturb the combustion regime subsequent and cause pressure waves.

Il n'est donc pas possible avec les composants connus de répartir dans le temps la distribution de l'énergie pour maítriser le régime d'allumage de la composition pyrotechnique ou de la charge propulsive.It is therefore not possible with the known components of distribute the energy distribution over time to control the ignition regime of the composition pyrotechnic or propellant charge.

Il est connu par ailleurs, dans le domaine de l'artillerie, d'employer une torche à plasma pour engendrer une pression permettant le tir d'un projectile.It is also known in the field of artillery, to employ a plasma torch to generate pressure allowing the firing of a projectile.

Ces torches à plasma sont utilisées seules (voir par exemple le brevet US2899864) ou bien associées à une charge propulsive conventionnelle solide ou liquide (voir par exemple le brevet US5231242) dans un canon communément appelé "Canon Electro-Thermique-Chimique".These plasma torches are used alone (see par example patent US2899864) or associated with a charge conventional solid or liquid propellant (see par example patent US5231242) in a cannon commonly called "Electro-Thermal-Chemical Canon".

Les torches à plasma connues sont de dimensions importantes (de l'ordre de 200 à 300 mm de long) et elles consomment une énergie importante (de l'ordre du Mégajoule), qui est libérée d'une façon difficile à contrôler.The known plasma torches are of dimensions important (of the order of 200 to 300 mm long) and they consume significant energy (of the order of Megajoule), which is released in a way that is difficult to control.

Lorsqu'elles sont utilisées seules, elles sont conçues de façon à fournir une pression permettant le tir du projectile.When used alone, they are designed to so as to provide pressure for firing the projectile.

Lorsqu'elles sont associées à une charge propulsive, la pression qui met en mouvement le projectile résulte à la fois de la combustion de la charge propulsive et de la pression du plasma engendré par la torche, plasma qui modifie également le régime de combustion de la charge propulsive.When combined with a propellant charge, the pressure that sets the projectile in motion results in both combustion of the propellant charge and the pressure of the plasma generated by the torch, plasma which also modifies the propellant charge combustion regime.

Dans tous les cas, la pression délivrée par la torche est importante de façon à permettre un accroissement de la vitesse du projectile en maintenant plus longtemps le niveau de la pression qui lui est appliquée.In all cases, the pressure delivered by the torch is important in order to allow an increase in the projectile speed by maintaining the level longer of the pressure applied to it.

Il est totalement exclu d'employer de telles torches pour initier une composition pyrotechnique, l'énergie développée et la pression engendrée risquant de désorganiser ou détruire la composition pyrotechnique.It is completely excluded to use such torches for initiate a pyrotechnic composition, the energy developed and the pressure generated which could disrupt or destroy the pyrotechnic composition.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer un composant d'allumage pour une composition pyrotechnique ou une charge propulsive qui ne présente pas les inconvénients des composants d'allumage connus.It is the aim of the invention to propose a component for a pyrotechnic composition or a charge propellant which does not have the disadvantages of known ignition components.

Ainsi le composant d'allumage selon l'invention permet d'assurer de façon fiable et reproductible l'allumage de compositions pyrotechniques ou de charges propulsives.Thus the ignition component according to the invention allows ensure reliable and reproducible ignition of pyrotechnic compositions or propellant charges.

Il est inerte, ce qui accroít fortement la sécurité de fabrication et de mise en oeuvre et permet de définir des munitions plus résistantes aux contraintes d'environnement (échauffement, décharges électrostatiques, chocs).It is inert, which greatly increases the safety of manufacturing and implementation and allows to define ammunition more resistant to environmental constraints (heating, electrostatic discharges, shocks).

Il est de conception simple et facile à produire à moindre coût.It is simple in design and easy to produce at lower cost.

C'est également le but de l'invention que de proposer un composant d'allumage qui permette de maítriser le phénomène d'allumage de la composition ou du chargement propulsif.It is also the aim of the invention to propose a ignition component that allows to control the phenomenon ignition of the composition or propellant charge.

Utilisé pour l'allumage d'un chargement propulsif, le composant proposé par l'invention permet également de fournir un supplément d'énergie permettant l'obtention de vitesses supérieures pour le projectile.Used to ignite a propellant charge, the component proposed by the invention also makes it possible to provide additional energy to obtain speeds for the projectile.

C'est également le but de l'invention que de proposer un dispositif d'allumage qui permette d'assurer la maítrise de l'allumage d'un chargement propulsif.It is also the aim of the invention to propose a ignition device which ensures control of ignition of a propellant charge.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un composant d'allumage d'une composition pyrotechnique ou d'une charge propulsive, composant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux électrodes séparées par une enveloppe cylindrique isolante délimitant un volume interne, électrodes reliées par un fusible d'amorçage conducteur disposé dans le volume interne, le composant constituant ainsi une torche à plasma dont les dimensions sont telles qu'elle génère un plasma lorsqu'elle reçoit une tension d'amorçage inférieure ou égale à 600 volts et qu'on lui fournit une énergie électrique inférieure ou égale à 5000 joules.Thus, the subject of the invention is an ignition component a pyrotechnic composition or a propellant charge, component characterized in that it comprises at least two electrodes separated by a cylindrical insulating jacket delimiting an internal volume, electrodes connected by a conductive fuse located in the internal volume, the component thus constituting a plasma torch whose dimensions are such that it generates a plasma when receives a starting voltage less than or equal to 600 volts and we provide it with lower electrical energy or equal to 5000 joules.

Le composant d'allumage selon l'invention constitue donc une torche à plasma, mais une torche de dimensions très réduites. En effet, concrètement de telles conditions d'alimentation conduisent à concevoir une torche dans laquelle la distance qui sépare les parties non isolées des électrodes au travers de l'espace libre (distance sur laquelle se produit l'arc électrique) est inférieure ou égale à 10 mm (et de préférence de l'ordre de 5 mm).The ignition component according to the invention therefore constitutes a plasma torch, but a very large torch reduced. Indeed, concretely such conditions supply lead to design a torch in which the distance between the non-isolated parts of the electrodes through free space (distance over which occurs the electric arc) is less than or equal to 10 mm (and preferably of the order of 5 mm).

Le mérite des inventeurs a été de considérer qu'il était quand même possible d'obtenir un plasma avec une structure de taille aussi réduite, et que le plasma obtenu était suffisant pour permettre l'allumage d'une composition pyrotechnique ou d'une charge propulsive.The merit of the inventors was to consider that it was still possible to obtain a plasma with a structure of also reduced in size, and that the plasma obtained was sufficient to allow the ignition of a pyrotechnic composition or of a propellant charge.

La mise au point de l'invention les a donc conduit à s'écarter délibérément des enseignements habituels du domaine des composants pyrotechniques d'allumage.The development of the invention therefore led them to deliberately deviate from the usual teachings of the field ignition pyrotechnic components.

Ainsi, il pouvait apparaítre surprenant qu'un composant d'allumage destiné à produire une flamme puisse être défini en ne comportant aucune composition génératrice de flamme.Thus, it may appear surprising that a component ignition to produce a flame can be defined by not comprising any flame-generating composition.

Les torches à plasma connues ne pouvaient pas plus les conduire à la définition d'un composant d'allumage. En effet ces torches sont habituellement conçues pour délivrer des niveaux d'énergie très importants nécessaires à la mise en vitesse de projectiles. Un tel domaine d'emploi conduit à la définition de torches de taille relativement importante dans lesquelles la distance entre électrodes est suffisamment grande pour que la puissance de l'arc de décharge électrique entre électrodes soit forte.The known plasma torches could not more lead to the definition of an ignition component. Indeed these torches are usually designed to deliver very high energy levels needed to set projectile speed. Such a field of employment leads to the definition of relatively large torches in which the distance between electrodes is sufficient great for the power of the electric discharge arc between electrodes is strong.

Selon une variante de réalisation, le fusible d'amorçage pourra être constitué par une structure fibreuse conductrice remplissant sensiblement tout le volume interne délimité par les électrodes et l'enveloppe isolante.According to an alternative embodiment, the ignition fuse could be constituted by a conductive fibrous structure substantially filling the entire internal volume delimited by the electrodes and the insulating jacket.

La structure fibreuse sera avantageusement formee par des filaments de carbone, ou un ou plusieurs fils de cuivre ou de magnésium. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le composant comporte un opercule obturant un alésage de sortie des gaz générés et assurant un confinement du volume interne.The fibrous structure will advantageously be formed by carbon filaments, or one or more wires of copper or magnesium. According to another characteristic of the invention, the component includes a seal closing an outlet bore gases generated and ensuring containment of the internal volume.

L'invention à également pour objet un dispositif d'allumage de charge propulsive utilisant un tel composant d'allumage.The invention also relates to a device igniting a propellant charge using such a component ignition.

Selon une variante, un tel dispositif d'allumage pourra comporter au moins trois composants d'allumage selon l'invention solidaires d'un tube support.Alternatively, such an ignition device may have at least three ignition components according to the invention secured to a support tube.

Au moins deux composants d'allumage pourront avoir leurs axes orientés suivant des directions différentes.At least two ignition components may have their axes oriented in different directions.

Selon une autre variante, le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention pourra comporter au moins trois composants d'allumage régulièrement répartis à la surface externe du tube support et dont les axes sont sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe du tube support.According to another variant, the ignition device according to the invention may include at least three components regularly distributed on the external surface of the support tube and whose axes are substantially perpendicular to the axis of the support tube.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif d'allumage pourra être tel que le tube support porte également au moins un allumeur pyrotechnique.According to another embodiment of the invention, the ignition device may be such that the support tube also carries at least one pyrotechnic igniter.

L'invention vise enfin une charge propulsive de munition comportant une enveloppe combustible contenant un chargement propulsif, charge caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention.The invention finally relates to a propellant charge of ammunition comprising a combustible shell containing a load propellant, charge characterized in that it comprises a ignition device according to the invention.

Bien que faible, le niveau d'énergie du plasma engendré par le composant permet d'accroítre la pression développée dans la chambre d'une arme de petit ou moyen calibre et de maintenir cette pression plus longtemps à l'arrière du projectile.Although low, the energy level of the plasma generated by the component increases the pressure developed in the chamber of a small or medium caliber weapon and keep this pressure longer at the back of the projectile.

Il devient donc possible avec un tel composant de définir des armes et des munitions Electro-Thermiques-Chimiques de petit calibre (inférieur à 14mm) ou de moyen calibre (inférieur à 50mm), ce qui était impossible avec les torches à plasma connues dont le domaine d'emploi se limite au gros calibre.It therefore becomes possible with such a component to define Electro-Thermal-Chemical weapons and ammunition from small caliber (less than 14mm) or medium caliber (less than 50mm), which was impossible with the torches with known plasma whose field of use is limited to large caliber.

De plus, le composant d'allumage proposé par l'invention, bien que de taille réduite, est capable de délivrer (avec un dispositif de commande électronique approprié) plusieurs jets de plasma consécutifs séparés de quelques millisecondes.In addition, the ignition component proposed by the invention, although small in size, is capable of delivering (with a suitable electronic control device) multiple jets consecutive plasma separated by a few milliseconds.

En jouant sur le nombre et la fréquence des impulsions délivrées par le composant, on peut moduler l'évolution de la pression dans la composition ou le chargement propulsif et donc maítriser l'évolution de la réaction chimique ou de la combustion.By playing on the number and frequency of pulses delivered by the component, we can modulate the evolution of the pressure in composition or propellant charge and so master the evolution of the chemical reaction or the combustion.

Pour les armes de calibre supérieur à 25mm il est possible de mettre en oeuvre plusieurs composants d'allumage selon l'invention pour constituer un dispositif d'allumage qui permettra, par la combinaison des plasma engendrés par chaque composant, de fournir un plasma global d'énergie suffisante et analogue à celui fourni par les torches connues.For weapons of caliber greater than 25mm it is possible to use several ignition components according to the invention to constitute an ignition device which will allow, by the combination of the plasma generated by each component, to provide a global energy plasma sufficient and analogous to that provided by torches known.

Le dispositif d'allumage selon l'invention permet également de maítriser la courbe de montée en pression dans la chambre de l'arme, donc les performances de tir.The ignition device according to the invention allows also to control the pressure rise curve in the gun chamber, so the shooting performance.

D'autres avantages apparaítront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un composant d'allumage selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 1a est une vue partielle d'une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un composant d'allumage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un composant d'allumage selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 3a est une vue d'une variante de réalisation,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une charge propulsive équipée d'un dispositif d'allumage selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5a est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une charge propulsive équipée d'un dispositif d'allumage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 5b est une coupe transversale du dispositif d'allumage de la figure 5a,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une charge propulsive équipée d'un dispositif d'allumage selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other advantages will appear on reading the description which follows of particular embodiments, description made with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section of an ignition component according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 1a is a partial view of an alternative embodiment,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal section of an ignition component according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of an ignition component according to a third embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 3a is a view of an alternative embodiment,
  • FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section of a propellant charge equipped with an ignition device according to a first embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 5a is a view in longitudinal section of a propellant charge equipped with an ignition device according to a second embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 5b is a cross section of the ignition device of FIG. 5a,
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a propellant charge equipped with an ignition device according to a third embodiment of the invention.

En se reportant à la figure 1, un composant d'allumage 1 selon l'invention comprend au moins deux électrodes 2a, 2b séparées par une enveloppe cylindrique isolante 3.Referring to Figure 1, an ignition component 1 according to the invention comprises at least two electrodes 2a, 2b separated by a cylindrical insulating jacket 3.

Les électrodes 2a et 2b sont réalisées en métal (par exemple en laiton) et on pourra réaliser l'enveloppe isolante 3 en matière plastique, par exemple en polyéthylène.The electrodes 2a and 2b are made of metal (by example in brass) and we can make the insulating jacket 3 made of plastic, for example polyethylene.

Les électrodes et l'enveloppe délimitent un volume interne 4. Les électrodes sont reliées par un fusible d'amorçage conducteur 5 qui est disposé dans le volume interne 4.The electrodes and the envelope define a volume internal 4. The electrodes are connected by a fuse conductor 5 which is arranged in the volume internal 4.

Le fusible d'amorçage pourra par exemple être constitué par un fil de cuivre, il sera avantageusement fixé à l'enveloppe par exemple par collage.The ignition fuse could for example be constituted by a copper wire, it will advantageously be fixed to the envelope for example by gluing.

Les extrémités 5a et 5b du fusible 5 sont pincées entre l'enveloppe et chacune des électrodes 2a, 2b.The ends 5a and 5b of the fuse 5 are pinched between the envelope and each of the electrodes 2a, 2b.

L'électrode 2a est pleine et elle porte un téton axial 6 pointu qui est destiné à constituer un pied pour l'arc de décharge électrique.The electrode 2a is full and it carries an axial pin 6 pointed which is intended to constitute a foot for the arc of shock.

L'électrode 2b comporte un alésage axial 7 qui est destiné à laisser passer le plasma engendré par le composant.The electrode 2b has an axial bore 7 which is intended to let pass the plasma generated by the component.

L'alésage est obturé par un opercule 8 en polymère (par exemple en capton) qui assure à la fois l'étanchéité du composant et un confinement initial du plasma.The bore is closed by a polymer cover 8 (by example in capton) which ensures both the watertightness of the component and initial plasma confinement.

L'opercule 8 est collé à l'électrode 2b, son diamètre est légèrement inférieur à celui de celle-ci afin de laisser une partie non isolée de l'électrode 2b en regard de l'électrode 2a.The cover 8 is bonded to the electrode 2b, its diameter is slightly lower than this one to leave a non-insulated part of the electrode 2b opposite the electrode 2a.

Les électrodes sont reliées par des fils 9a, 9b à un générateur de tension 10.The electrodes are connected by wires 9a, 9b to a voltage generator 10.

La longueur totale externe de ce composant d'allumage est d'environ 20mm, son diamètre externe est d'environ 10mm.The total external length of this ignition component is about 20mm, its outer diameter is about 10mm.

Le volume interne 4 est donc d'environ 1 cm3. Les dimensions de ce composant sont sensiblement celles des composants d' allumages pyrotechniques connus (inflammateurs).The internal volume 4 is therefore about 1 cm3. The dimensions of this component are substantially those of known pyrotechnic ignition components (igniters).

Ce composant d'allumage est destiné à être placé au voisinage ou en contact d'une composition pyrotechnique ou d'une charge propulsive à allumer.This ignition component is intended to be placed at the near or in contact with a pyrotechnic composition or of a propellant charge to ignite.

Son fonctionnement est le suivant.Its operation is as follows.

Le générateur 10 fournit au composant une tension d'amorçage de l'ordre de 500 à 600 volts. Le fusible d'amorçage 5 a une résistance qui est choisie telle que la tension fournie par le générateur l'échauffe violemment provoquant sa vaporisation. Un fil de cuivre ou de carbone de diamètre inférieur à 0,1 mm convient parfaitement.The generator 10 supplies the component with a voltage priming of the order of 500 to 600 volts. The fuse 5 has a resistance which is chosen such that the voltage supplied by the generator heats it violently causing its vaporization. A copper or carbon wire of diameter less than 0.1 mm is perfectly suitable.

La vaporisation du fusible 5 crée à l'intérieur de la cavité 4 un milieu conducteur de faible résistance (inférieure à 500 milliohms), cela a pour effet d'amorcer entre les électrodes 2a et 2b un arc électrique. L'amorçage de l'arc est favorisé par la présence du téton axial 6.The vaporization of fuse 5 creates inside the cavity 4 a conductive medium of low resistance (less than 500 milliohms), this has the effect of initiating between the electrodes 2a and 2b an electric arc. Priming of the arc is favored by the presence of the axial stud 6.

L'arc électrique provoque un accroissement de la pression et de la température à l'intérieur de la cavité 4. Cela a pour effet de provoquer une vaporisation couche par couche du matériau de l'enveloppe isolante 3 (ablatage).The electric arc causes an increase in pressure and the temperature inside the cavity 4. This has the effect of causing a layer-by-layer vaporization of the material of the insulating jacket 3 (ablating).

A partir d'un certain niveau de température et de pression, l'opercule 8 se rompt en libérant hors du composant et au travers de l'alésage axial 7 les gaz sous hautes température et pression (plasma).From a certain temperature level and pressure, the seal 8 breaks by releasing out of the component and through the axial bore 7 the gases under high temperature and pressure (plasma).

On pourra jouer sur les caractéristiques mécaniques de l'opercule pour moduler le niveau de pression souhaité à la sortie du composant d'allumage.We can play on the mechanical characteristics of the cover to modulate the desired pressure level at the ignition component output.

La température obtenue avec un tel composant est de 3000 à 50000 °K. Une telle température suffit pour initier pratiquement tout type de composition pyrotechnique ou charge propulsive.The temperature obtained with such a component is 3000 at 50,000 ° K. Such a temperature is enough to initiate practically any type of pyrotechnic composition or charge propellant.

Un avantage du composant d'allumage selon l'invention est que le plasma d'inflammation est obtenu à partir d'un générateur de courant ayant une tension d'amorçage de quelques centaines de volts.An advantage of the ignition component according to the invention is that the inflammation plasma is obtained from a current generator with a starting voltage of a few hundred volts.

Il en résulte une diminution des problèmes d'isolation et de compatibilité électromagnétique, donc une simplification de la connectique, ce qui autorise l'emploi de ce composant dans tous types de systèmes d'armes ou d'artifices.This results in a reduction in insulation problems and electromagnetic compatibility, therefore a simplification of connectors, which authorizes the use of this component in all types of weapons or fireworks systems.

Un autre avantage du composant selon l'invention est qu'il est totalement inerte, donc qu'il peut être fabriqué et manipulé sans aucun danger. Il ne peut pas en outre être initié de façon accidentelle, le plasma ne se formant que consécutivement à la vaporisation du fil et en présence d'une différence de potentiel entre les électrodes qui doit se maintenir pendant un intervalle de temps suffisant à la formation de l'arc (quelques microsecondes). Ces deux conditions ne peuvent apparaítre accidentellement de façon simultanée par exemple à la suite d'une décharge électrostatique.Another advantage of the component according to the invention is that it is completely inert, therefore it can be manufactured and handled without any danger. Furthermore, it cannot be accidentally initiated, the plasma only forming following the vaporization of the wire and in the presence of a potential difference between the electrodes which must be maintain for a sufficient time interval at the arc formation (a few microseconds). These two conditions cannot accidentally appear so simultaneous for example following a discharge electrostatic.

Le composant d'allumage selon l'invention peut être réalisé avec une taille extrêmement réduite. On pourra lui donner sensiblement le volume global d'un grain de poudre propulsive, soit environ 6mm de long pour 4 mm de diamètre. Les tensions de fonctionnement seront alors un peu plus faibles.The ignition component according to the invention can be made with an extremely reduced size. We can him give substantially the overall volume of a grain of powder propellant, about 6mm long and 4mm in diameter. The operating voltages will then be a little more weak.

La figure 1a montre une variante de réalisation dans laquelle le téton axial 6 est remplacé par une couronne d'amorçage d'arc 11. Cette variante permet de localiser la formation des arcs électriques au voisinage de l'enveloppe isolante 3, ce qui favorise l'ablation de celle-ci et l'accroissement rapide de la pression.Figure 1a shows an alternative embodiment in which the axial stud 6 is replaced by a crown arc initiation 11. This variant makes it possible to locate the formation of electric arcs in the vicinity of the envelope insulating 3, which promotes the ablation thereof and rapid increase in pressure.

La figure 2 montre un composant d'allumage selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figure 2 shows an ignition component according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Ce mode diffère du précédent en ce que le fusible d'amorçage 5 est remplacé par une structure fibreuse conductrice 12 qui remplit sensiblement tout le volume interne 4 délimité par les électrodes 2a,2b et l'enveloppe isolante 3.This mode differs from the previous one in that the fuse priming 5 is replaced by a fibrous structure conductive 12 which fills substantially the entire volume internal 4 delimited by the electrodes 2a, 2b and the envelope insulating 3.

On pourra utiliser comme structure fibreuse 12 une pelote réalisée par l'enchevêtrement de filaments de carbone de quelques micromètres de diamètre. Ce mode de réalisation permet de faciliter la fabrication et le montage du fusible d'amorçage. A titre de variante il est possible également d'utiliser des filaments de cuivre ou de magnésium d'environ un dixième de mm de diamètre.A ball of yarn may be used as the fibrous structure 12 produced by the entanglement of carbon filaments of a few micrometers in diameter. This embodiment facilitates the fabrication and mounting of the fuse priming. Alternatively it is also possible to use copper or magnesium filaments of about one tenth of a mm in diameter.

La figure 3 montre un composant d'allumage selon un troisième mode de réalisation. Ce mode diffère de celui selon la figure 1 en ce que l'enveloppe isolante 3 est entourée par un étui de renfort mécanique 13. Cet étui sera réalisé en un matériau isolant par exemple en un enroulé filamentaire à base de fibres de verre ou de Kevlar.Figure 3 shows an ignition component according to a third embodiment. This mode differs from that according to Figure 1 in that the insulating jacket 3 is surrounded by a mechanical reinforcement case 13. This case will be produced in a insulating material for example in a filament wound to based on glass fibers or Kevlar.

A titre de variante, il est possible d'utiliser un renfort en matériau conducteur (enroulé filamentaire a base de fibres de carbone ou bien tube métallique). Mais dans ce cas on prévoira un isolant électrique entre au moins une électrode et le renfort.Alternatively, it is possible to use a reinforcement in conductive material (filament wound on base carbon fiber or metal tube). But in this case we will provide an electrical insulator between at least one electrode and reinforcement.

La figure 3a montre une telle variante de réalisation. L'étui de renfort 13 étant conducteur, il est possible alors de fixer les fils de liaison électrique au niveau de la même face du composant, de part et d'autre de l'enveloppe isolante 3.Figure 3a shows such an alternative embodiment. The reinforcement case 13 being conductive, it is then possible to fix the electrical connection wires at the same face of the component, on either side of the insulating envelope 3.

La figure 4 montre une munition 14 comprenant un projectile 15 et un étui 16 pour un chargement propulsif 17. L'étui porte au niveau d'une partie arrière un culot métallique 18. Le culot comporte un logement axial dans lequel est disposé un composant d'allumage 1 selon l'invention. Le composant d'allumage est fixé au culot au moyen d'une bague de liaison 20 solidaire du renfort mécanique 13.Figure 4 shows ammunition 14 comprising a projectile 15 and a case 16 for a propellant charge 17. The case carries at the rear part a base metal 18. The base has an axial housing in which is arranged an ignition component 1 according to the invention. The ignition component is attached to the base at the by means of a connecting ring 20 integral with the reinforcement mechanical 13.

Le composant d'allumage permet d'assurer l'allumage du chargement propulsif par l'application d'une tension entre les électrodes 2a et 2b.The ignition component ensures the ignition of the propellant charge by applying a voltage between the electrodes 2a and 2b.

De plus, il est possible, au moyen d'une électronique de commande appropriée et comportant par exemple des relais statiques haute tension, d'appliquer la tension sous forme de créneaux successifs séparés par des interruptions de courant.In addition, it is possible, by means of electronic suitable control, including relays, for example high voltage static, apply voltage as successive slots separated by power interruptions.

Le composant d'allumage fournit alors plusieurs jets de plasma consécutifs séparés d'intervalles de temps dont il est possible de programmer la largeur (de quelques microsecondes à quelques millisecondes).The ignition component then supplies several jets of consecutive plasma separated by time intervals of which it is possible to program the width (from a few microseconds a few milliseconds).

Il est alors possible de fournir l'énergie d'allumage au chargement propulsif d'une façon progressive au fil du temps.It is then possible to supply the ignition energy to the propellant charge gradually over time.

On améliore ainsi la courbe de montée en pression dans la chambre de l'arme donc la balistique interne du projectile et les performances de tir.This improves the pressure rise curve in the weapon chamber so the internal ballistics of the projectile and shooting performance.

La pression fournie par le plasma vient en outre s'ajouter à celle fournie par la poudre propulsive et elle modifie également le régime de combustion de cette dernière, ce qui permet d'accroítre la vitesse du projectile.The pressure supplied by the plasma also comes add to that provided by the propellant powder and it also modifies the combustion regime of the latter, which increases the speed of the projectile.

Il est donc possible avec le composant d'allumage selon l'invention de définir des systèmes d'arme électro thermiques chimiques pratiquement sans modifier l'arme (puisque le générateur de plasma est solidaire de l'étui de la munition) et pour tous calibres, notamment des calibres inférieurs à 50mm.It is therefore possible with the ignition component according to the invention of defining electro thermal weapon systems almost without modifying the weapon (since the plasma generator is integral with the ammunition case) and for all sizes, in particular sizes below 50mm.

Les figures 5a et 5b montrent un dispositif d'allumage plus particulièrement adapté à l'allumage des chargements propulsifs de gros calibre (supérieur à 50mm). Ce dispositif d'allumage comporte un tube support 21, métallique ou en matière plastique et qui s'étend le long de l'axe 26 de la munition à la manière d'un tube allumeur d'artillerie traditionnel. Ce tube est rendu solidaire du culot 18 de la munition au moyen d'une bague de fixation 20 et il porte plusieurs composants d'allumage 1 selon l'invention régulièrement répartis à sa périphérie.Figures 5a and 5b show an ignition device more particularly suitable for lighting loads large caliber propellants (greater than 50mm). These measures ignition comprises a support tube 21, metallic or plastic and which extends along the axis 26 of the ammunition in the manner of an artillery igniter tube traditional. This tube is made integral with the base 18 of the ammunition by means of a fixing ring 20 and it carries several ignition components 1 according to the invention regularly distributed around its periphery.

Les différents composants d'allumage sont représentés ici schématiquement. L'axe 27 de chaque composant est sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe 26 du tube support 21 à l'exception d'un composant 1ex placé à l'extrémité du tube et dont l'axe est confondu avec celui du tube.The different ignition components are shown here schematically. The axis 27 of each component is substantially perpendicular to the axis 26 of the support tube 21 to except for a 1ex component placed at the end of the tube and whose axis coincides with that of the tube.

Les composants d'allumage sont orientés de telle sorte que le plasma qu'ils génèrent se diffuse dans le chargement propulsif 17 entourant le tube 21. Ils sont donc fixés au tube 21 par leur électrode non percée 2a.The ignition components are oriented so that the plasma they generate diffuses into the charge propellant 17 surrounding the tube 21. They are therefore fixed to the tube 21 by their non-pierced electrode 2a.

Le tube 21 reçoit les différents fils d'alimentation électrique des composants. On pourra ne prévoir qu'un seul fil par composant (relié à l'électrode 2a) et assurer le retour du courant de tous les composants 1 par le tube support 21.The tube 21 receives the various supply wires components. We can only plan one wire per component (connected to electrode 2a) and ensure current return of all components 1 through the tube support 21.

Les fils d'alimentation sont réunis dans un toron 22 qui est relié au générateur électrique 10.The supply wires are united in a strand 22 which is connected to the electric generator 10.

Celui ci comporte une source haute tension 24 ainsi qu'un contacteur commutable 23 qui permet de relier la source de haute tension à un ou plusieurs des composants d'allumage.This one includes a high voltage source 24 as well as a switchable contactor 23 which connects the source of high voltage to one or more of the ignition components.

Le contacteur commutable comprendra par exemple différents relais statiques haute tension. Le contacteur 23 est commandé par un programmateur 25 (tel un micro processeur) dans lequel la séquence d'allumage des différents composants est introduite avant le tir.The switchable contactor will for example include different high voltage static relays. Contactor 23 is controlled by a programmer 25 (such as a microphone processor) in which the ignition sequence of the different components is introduced before firing.

Ce dispositif d'allumage permet de maítriser de façon précise la courbe de montée en pression dans la chambre de l'arme donc les performances de tir.This ignition device allows you to control specifies the pressure rise curve in the pressure chamber the weapon therefore the performances of shooting.

En effet il est possible ici d'initier chacun des composants d'allumage 1 de façon individuelle et de lui donner une séquence d'allumage/extinction également individualisée.Indeed it is possible here to initiate each of the ignition components 1 individually and from him also give an on / off sequence individualized.

On pourra par exemple commander les composants d'allumage successivement en commençant par ceux les plus proches du culot 18.We can for example order the ignition components successively starting with those closest to the base 18.

On pourra commander tout d'abord simultanément tous les composants de façon à assurer un allumage quasi instantané de l'ensemble de la charge propulsive 17 puis après interruption d'au moins une partie des composants, ne commander qu'une partie des composants de façon à éviter les pics de pression et à répartir la pression d'une façon régulière au fur et à mesure de l'avance du projectile.First of all, all components so as to ensure an almost instantaneous ignition of the whole propellant charge 17 then after interruption at least some of the components, order only one part of the components so as to avoid pressure peaks and distribute the pressure evenly as you go projectile advance measurement.

On notera que la combinaison de plusieurs composants d'allumage selon l'invention permet de fournir un plasma permettant encore d'accroítre la vitesse du projectile.Note that the combination of several components ignition according to the invention provides a plasma still allowing the speed of the projectile to be increased.

Grâce à l'invention, il est possible d'obtenir un niveau d'énergie maximale du même ordre que celui obtenu avec les torches à plasma connues tout en maítrisant facilement et de façon précise l'évolution de la pression dans la chambre de l'arme.Thanks to the invention, it is possible to obtain a level maximum energy of the same order as that obtained with known plasma torches while easily mastering and precisely the evolution of the pressure in the tear.

La figure 6 montre un autre mode de réalisation qui diffère du précédent en ce que le tube support porte à la fois des composants d'allumage 1 selon l'invention et des inflammateurs pyrotechniques conventionnels 28.Figure 6 shows another embodiment which differs from the previous one in that the support tube carries to the times ignition components 1 according to the invention and conventional pyrotechnic igniters 28.

Le générateur électrique 10 comporte ici encore une source haute tension 24 et un contacteur commutable 23 qui permet de relier la source de haute tension à un ou plusieurs des composants d'allumage 1.The electric generator 10 here again includes a high voltage source 24 and a switchable contactor 23 which connects the high voltage source to one or more ignition components 1.

Il comporte également un deuxième contacteur commutable 29 qui permet de relier une source basse tension 30 à un ou plusieurs des composants pyrotechniques 28.It also has a second switchable contactor 29 which allows a low voltage source 30 to be connected to one or several of the pyrotechnic components 28.

Les contacteurs 23 et 29 sont commandés par le programmateur 25 dans lequel la séquence d' allumage des différents composants est introduite avant le tir.Contactors 23 and 29 are controlled by the programmer 25 in which the ignition sequence of the different components is introduced before firing.

Cette variante permet de jouer d'une façon différente sur l'évolution de la pression dans la chambre de l'arme.This variant allows you to play in a different way on the evolution of the pressure in the chamber of the weapon.

Les composants d'allumage 1 peuvent être utilisés pour échauffer et vaporiser une partie de la charge propulsive 17, les composants pyrotechniques sont initiés ensuite, leur action se trouvant amplifiée par le fait que le chargement propulsif a commencé à réagir. Il est ainsi possible de délivrer avec ce système d'allumage autant d'énergie qu'avec le mode précédent mais en utilisant des composants à plasma moins puissants.The ignition components 1 can be used to heat and vaporize part of the propellant charge 17, the pyrotechnic components are then initiated, their action being amplified by the fact that the loading propellant started to react. It is thus possible to deliver with this ignition system as much energy as with the previous mode but using plasma components less powerful.

Il est bien entendu possible à titre de variante de donner des orientations différentes aux axes des différents composants d'allumage ou bien d'utiliser un nombre différent de composants. Il est également possible de donner aux torches suivant les figures 1 à 3 des formes différentes notamment des formes de pied d'arc différentes (sphérique, cylindrique..). It is of course possible as a variant of give different orientations to the axes of the different ignition components or use a different number of components. It is also possible to give to torches according to Figures 1 to 3 of different shapes including different arch foot shapes (spherical, cylindrical..).

Le composant d'allumage selon l'invention peut enfin être utilisé pour d'autres applications que l'allumage, par exemple pour la réalisation de découpes ou de soudures.The ignition component according to the invention can finally be used for applications other than ignition, for example example for making cuts or welds.

Claims (10)

Composant d'allumage (1) d'une composition pyrotechnique ou d'une charge propulsive, caractérisé en ce qu 'il comprend au moins deux électrodes (2a,2b) séparées par une enveloppe cylindrique isolante (3) délimitant un volume interne (4), électrodes reliées par un fusible d'amorçage conducteur (5) disposé dans le volume interne, le composant constituant ainsi une torche à plasma dont les dimensions sont telles qu'elle génère un plasma lorsqu'elle reçoit une tension d'amorçage inférieure ou égale à 600 volts et qu'on lui fournit une énergie électrique inférieure ou égale à 5000 joules.Ignition component (1) of a pyrotechnic composition or of a propellant charge, characterized in that it comprises at least two electrodes (2a, 2b) separated by a cylindrical insulating envelope (3) delimiting an internal volume (4 ), electrodes connected by a conductive ignition fuse (5) disposed in the internal volume, the component thus constituting a plasma torch whose dimensions are such that it generates a plasma when it receives a lower ignition voltage or equal to 600 volts and that it is supplied with an electrical energy less than or equal to 5000 joules. Composant d'allumage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le fusible d'amorçage (5) est constitué par une structure fibreuse conductrice (12) remplissant sensiblement tout le volume interne (4) délimité par les électrodes et l'enveloppe isolante.Ignition component according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition fuse (5) consists by a conductive fibrous structure (12) filling substantially all of the internal volume (4) delimited by the electrodes and the insulating jacket. Composant d'allumage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la structure fibreuse (12) est formée par des filaments de carbone, ou un ou plusieurs fils de cuivre ou de magnésium.Ignition component according to claim 2, characterized in that the fibrous structure (12) is formed by carbon filaments, or one or more threads of copper or magnesium. Composant d'allumage selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un opercule (8) obturant un alésage de sortie (7) des gaz générés et assurant un confinement du volume interne (4).Ignition component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a sealing cap (8) an outlet bore (7) for the gases generated and ensuring confinement of the internal volume (4). Dispositif d'allumage de la charge propulsive d'une munition, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un composant d'allumage (1) selon une des revendications précédentes.Device for igniting the propellant charge of a ammunition, characterized in that it comprises at least one ignition component (1) according to one of the claims previous. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois composants d'allumage (1) solidaires d'un tube support (21).Ignition device according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least three components ignition (1) integral with a support tube (21). Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux composants d'allumage (1) ont leurs axes orientés suivant des directions différentes.Ignition device according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two ignition components (1) have their axes oriented in different directions. Dispositif d'allumage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois composants d'allumage (1) régulièrement répartis à la surface externe du tube support (21) et dont les axes (27) sont sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe (26) du tube support (21).Ignition device according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises at least three components ignition (1) regularly distributed on the external surface of the support tube (21) and whose axes (27) are substantially perpendicular to the axis (26) of the support tube (21). Dispositif d'allumage selon une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le tube support (21) porte au moins un allumeur pyrotechnique (28).Ignition device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the support tube (21) carries at least a pyrotechnic igniter (28). Charge propulsive de munition comportant une enveloppe combustible contenant un chargement propulsif (17), charge caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un dispositif d'allumage selon une des revendications 5 à 9.Propellant charge of ammunition comprising an envelope fuel containing propellant charge (17), charge characterized in that it includes an ignition device according to one of claims 5 to 9.
EP98117138A 1997-09-24 1998-09-10 Igniting component for a pyrotechnic composition or a propulsive charge Expired - Lifetime EP0905470B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9711836 1997-09-24
FR9711836A FR2768810B1 (en) 1997-09-24 1997-09-24 IGNITION COMPONENT FOR PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION OR PROPULSIVE CHARGE

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EP0905470A1 true EP0905470A1 (en) 1999-03-31
EP0905470B1 EP0905470B1 (en) 2001-11-21

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EP (1) EP0905470B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69803262T2 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69803262D1 (en) 2002-02-21
EP0905470B1 (en) 2001-11-21
FR2768810A1 (en) 1999-03-26
US6237494B1 (en) 2001-05-29
DE69803262T2 (en) 2002-08-08
FR2768810B1 (en) 1999-12-03

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