EP0903435B1 - Membrane d'étanchéité et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents

Membrane d'étanchéité et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0903435B1
EP0903435B1 EP19980117400 EP98117400A EP0903435B1 EP 0903435 B1 EP0903435 B1 EP 0903435B1 EP 19980117400 EP19980117400 EP 19980117400 EP 98117400 A EP98117400 A EP 98117400A EP 0903435 B1 EP0903435 B1 EP 0903435B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
waterproofing
core
compatibility
enhancing
layer
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980117400
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0903435A2 (fr
EP0903435A3 (fr
Inventor
Giorgio Pasetto
Giuseppe Modena
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Pluvitec SpA
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Pluvitec SpA
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Publication of EP0903435A3 publication Critical patent/EP0903435A3/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a bitumen-polymer-based waterproofing membrane which is particularly suitable for the protection of buildings and civil engineering works in general from rainwater or groundwater, as well as for the containment of water, e.g. in water catchment tanks for irrigation, and a new process for the manufacture of that membrane.
  • Bitumen-polymer-based waterproofing membranes have been produced for many years and can be found on the market e.g. in the form of rolls ready for application to the surfaces of structures which require waterproofing.
  • these membranes comprise:
  • cores glass fleece, non-woven materials and synthetic fibre, plastics films, metal sheets, glass nets and fabrics, cardboard, paper and many others.
  • Surface finishing materials are also used on one or both sides of the membrane, and these may have various functions, e.g. an aesthetic function as in the case of the "self-protected" membranes, i.e. coated on the top side or on the surface intended to remain visible, e.g. with slate chippings or metal sheeting, or a functional function, as in the case of membranes lined with films of a textile nature in order to improve their paintability or the application of adhesives or also membranes coated with anti-adherent materials which make them easier and more convenient to lay, preventing sticking between the various turns of the membrane when it is wound in a roll.
  • various functions e.g. an aesthetic function as in the case of the "self-protected" membranes, i.e. coated on the top side or on the surface intended to remain visible, e.g. with slate chippings or metal sheeting, or a functional function, as in the case of membranes lined with films of a textile nature in order to improve their paintability or the application of adhesives or also
  • thermoplastic polymers used to modify the bitumen to obtain waterproofing membranes are those of the polyolefin series and the styrene-butadiene series.
  • Bituminous membranes containing modifying agents of the polyolefin series are described as BPP membranes (bitumen - polymer plastomer) or also in some cases “bitumen-APP membranes", as the first modifying agent historically introduced for modifying bitumen for obtaining plastomer waterproofing materials was in fact APP (atactic polypropylene). These membranes are more resistant to high temperatures and are plastomers, i.e.they have a plastic behaviour, that is under the effect of an induced deformation the waterproofing material follows the deformation without offering any constant resilient elasticity.
  • bituminous membranes containing modifying agents of the styrene-butadiene copolymer series are described as BPE membranes (bitumen-polymer-elastomer) or bitumen-SBS membranes, in that the main modifying agent is in fact styrene-butadiene-styrene.
  • BPE membranes bitumen-polymer-elastomer
  • bitumen-SBS membranes bitumen-SBS membranes
  • the advantages and the corresponding limitations of waterproofing materials of the BPP type and the BPE type are, in the case of the former, greater resistance to heat and solar radiation, and in particular UV radiation, and plasticity, while in the case of the latter, better resistance to low temperatures, better bonding to the substrate and elasticity.
  • waterproofing membranes are manufactured by impregnating the core with the waterproofing material.
  • the core or mechanical support is coated on one or both sides with a waterproofing material previously prepared in suitable heated mixers in which the bitumen has suitable polymers and other additives added to it.
  • the bituminous material is then cooled, surface treated and finally rolled into rolls of predetermined length.
  • impregnation both by immersion and by spreading, is a difficult operation in that the desired thickness has to be imparted to the membrane and reinforcing material, especially when porous products, such as for example polyester non-wovens, have to be perfectly impregnated to ensure absolute uniformity in the finished product.
  • the impregnating operation tends to set up tension in the membrane as it is being formed, which is subjected to a variable amount of elongation.
  • This elongation is "frozen” by the immediately subsequent cooling of the membrane and constitutes an important parameter for the quality of the finished product.
  • An assessment of the magnitude of this effect may be made by measuring "dimensional stability" on the finished product, that is the free shrinkage which the membrane exhibits when after heating it is left free to recover the elongation imparted at the time of its manufacture. The greater the shrinkage the less will be the stability of the membrane.
  • US-A-2 893 889 discloses a membrane used as building-covering which comprises a base sheet of cellulosic fibers saturated with asphalt or bitumen on which three layers are applied, namely a first layer of thermoplastic bituminous composition containing glass filaments or inorganic filler, a second layer of asphalt and a third layer of roofing granules.
  • the main object of this known prior art is to provide a bituminous composition having enhanced fire-resistant qualities with respect to the other prior art of the same general character, with no provision of dimensional stability and long lasting protection.
  • US-A-4 055 453 relates to a process for manufacturing a laminated bituminous composition
  • a laminated bituminous composition comprising a base sheet of ordinary bituminous membrane including a fibre fabric or similar material impregnated with a first layer molten bitumen, coated on all part of both or one face with a second layer of bitumen in turn laminated with a third layer of denaturated bitumen compound including natural or synthetic rubber blended with synthetic resin.
  • the composition is particularly suitable to impart high tackiness at ambient temperature while avoiding pouring of molten bitumen common to conventional process.
  • the membrane may be covered with a release sheet laid over the whole surface of the compound bitumen layer.
  • US-A-4 755 409 teaches a waterproof laminate comprising a reinforcing core sheet with three superposed layers secured to the core on opposite side thereof, including a first layer of bitumen, a second compound bitumen containing a material selected from the group of synthetic or natural rubber, and natural or synthetic resin secured to the first one, a third layer consisting of an elastomeric sheet, and a release sheet secured to the second compound bitumen.
  • Such known waterproof laminate is mainly directed to resist penetration of water and vapour therethrough and to facilitate installation thereof but has no provision for enhancing dimensional stability of the overall membrane.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide waterproofing membranes with enhanced dimensional stability which are therefore suitable for providing lasting and effective protection over a long period of time.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of bituminous waterproofing membranes which in addition to yielding membranes with a high degree of dimensional stability is easy to implement and does not require any major investment in plant.
  • a waterproofing membrane which, in accordance with claim 1, comprises a core and three different layers of waterproofing material secured to said core, in which one of the layers is impregnating the core, characterised in that the first layer saturating said core comprises a waterproofing material based on bitumen modified with polymers of low molecular weight of a partly polar nature having stabilising and compatibility-enhancing properties, the second layer at one side or both sides of the first layer comprises a waterproofing material different from that of the first layer and based on both elastomer and plastomer, the third layer at one side of said second layer comprises a waterproofing material including compatibility-enhancing polymers of low molecular weight.
  • a process for the manufacture of waterproofing membranes which, in accordance with claim 4, comprises three successive steps, namely a first step of application to the core of a first layer of waterproofing material based on bitumen modified with thermoplastic polymers of low molecular weight having a partly polar nature and having stabilising and compatibility-enhancing properties until the core becomes saturated, a second step of application to at least one of the surfaces of the core saturated with the waterproofing material of a second layer of elastomer or plastomer-based waterproofing material which is different from that applied in the first step, a third step of application to one side of the membrane treated in the second step of a third layer of a waterproofing material modified with compatibility-enhancing polymers of low molecular weight.
  • a plant for the production of waterproofing membrane in three layers characterised in that it comprises a first station in which a core is immersed in a bath of waterproofing mass or material having stabilising and compatibility-enhancing characteristics with respect to the two materials subsequently applied to the core, until saturation, a second station in which the core saturated with waterproofing material has a layer of waterproofing material based on both elastomer and plastomer applied to at least one side, and a third station in which a layer of waterproofing material including compatibility-enhancing materials is spread onto the core from the said second station.
  • the sole Figure shows a diagrammatical lateral elevation view of a three station plant according to the invention.
  • the waterproofing material applied to the core is based on bitumen modified with low molecular weight polymers of a partly polar nature, e.g. EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), low molecular weight acrylic copolymers and others capable of performing the same bonding function between waterproofing materials.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • This modification is effective from the chemical point of view in that it confers stability and compatibility with the materials subsequently applied to the core.
  • the quantity of waterproofing material applied must in practice be limited to saturation of the core, and the latter may be of any suitable type.
  • Example 1 Type 180/200 distilled bitumen 85% EVA 10% Polyethylene wax 5%
  • Example 2 Type 180/200 distilled bitumen 80% Isotactic polypropylene copolymer 300,000 cps 10% EVA 10%
  • Example 3 Type 85/25 oxidised bitumen 80% Radial SBS type elastomer 5% Polypropylene homopolymer 10% Filler with a "10,000 mesh" particle size 5%
  • the operation of applying this compatibility-enhancing material can be performed by immersing core 1 through use of a suitable immersion roll 2, which can be adjustably set at various levels with respect to a trough 3 containing the bath of waterproofing/compatibility-enhancing material in a first treatment station 4.
  • the immersion operation is performed in combination with a rolling operation performed by a squeezing roller diagrammatically represented by a pair of cylinders 5 and 6 controlled by a balance lever mechanism to exert a maximum pressure of 60 kg/cm 2 on core 1.
  • Core 1 is therefore saturated at station 4, and the limitation on the quantity of waterproofing material must in practice be limited to saturation of the core otherwise the compatibility-enhancing effect may be compromised.
  • core 1 is not subjected to any kind of tension, and as a result the operation of applying the waterproofing/compatibility-enhancing material and that of rolling must be controlled electronically so that they take place under closely controlled conditions. Core 1 is therefore carefully “monitored” to avoid stretching during application.
  • the passage through second treatment station 7 should take place at a predetermined distance from first station 4 so the saturated core can cool in ambient air with a temperature drop of approximately 30°C.
  • the second type of waterproofing material for example one with a plastomer or elastomer base, respectively, and therefore of the BPP or BPE type, is applied.
  • the type of waterproofing material is different from that present at station 4 and is therefore prepared and delivered independently by separate pipes (not shown).
  • the waterproofing material can be applied to the upper or lower side or both sides according to the nature of the final membrane which it is desired to obtain.
  • the cooling of core 1 which would have an adverse effect on the bonding of subsequent layers when the compatibility-enhancing material was not present, provides the additional benefit of improving the dimensional stability of the membrane because it confers sufficient rigidity upon the core, even if weakly impregnated or, better, saturated with waterproofing material, to withstand the tensions subsequently induced during the manufacturing process.
  • an immersion roller 8 which is preferably interfaced electronically with a drive motor which is capable of controlling the tension on the core between station 4 and station 7 and an inking roller 9 as well as two pairs of calendering rollers 10, 11 and 12, 13.
  • a third station 14 there is provided an inking roller 15 and a spreading roller 16, which apply a further layer of waterproofing material which is different from the previous materials and is therefore likewise produced and delivered in a totally independent way to one side of the membrane being formed.
  • the waterproofing material in this third station comprises bitumen suitably modified with appropriate compatibility-enhancing agents similar to those used at station 4, that is with polymers of the EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) and low molecular weight acrylic type.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Membrane d'étanchéité comprenant un coeur et trois couches différentes de matière d'étanchéité fixées audit coeur, dans laquelle une des couches imprègne le coeur, caractérisée en ce que la première couche saturant ledit coeur comprend une matière d'étanchéité basée sur du bitume modifié avec des polymères de masse moléculaire faible d'une nature partiellement polaire possédant des propriétés de stabilisation et d'amélioration de compatibilité, la deuxième couche au niveau d'un côté ou des deux côtés de la première couche comprend une matière d'étanchéité différente de celle de la première couche et basée à la fois sur un élastomère et un plastomère, la troisième couche au niveau d'un côté de ladite deuxième couche comprend une matière d'étanchéité incluant des polymères améliorant la compatibilité de masse moléculaire faible.
  2. Membrane selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que lesdits polymères de masse moléculaire faible d'une nature partiellement polaire comprennent de l'EVA (éthylène acétate de vinyle) et des copolymères acryliques de masse moléculaire faible.
  3. Membrane selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que ladite matière d'étanchéité incluant des produits améliorant la compatibilité basés sur des polymères de masse moléculaire faible comprend du bitume modifié avec des polymères tels que l'EVA (éthylène acétate de vinyle) et des polymères acryliques de masse moléculaire faible.
  4. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane d'étanchéité, ladite membrane possédant un coeur et trois couches, le procédé comprenant trois étapes, à savoir :
    une première étape d'application au coeur d'une première couche de matière d'étanchéité basée sur du bitume modifié avec des polymères thermoplastiques de masse moléculaire faible possédant une nature partiellement polaire et possédant des propriétés de stabilisation et d'amélioration de compatibilité, jusqu'à ce que le coeur devienne saturé ;
    une deuxième étape d'application à au moins une des surfaces du coeur saturé avec la matière d'étanchéité d'une seconde couche de matière d'étanchéité à base d'élastomère ou de plastomère qui est différente de celle appliquée dans la première étape ;
    une troisième étape d'application à un côté de la membrane traitée dans la deuxième étape d'une troisième couche d'une matière d'étanchéité modifiée avec des polymères améliorant la compatibilité de masse moléculaire faible.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on laisse refroidir ledit coeur saturé avec une matière d'étanchéité entre la première et la deuxième étapes de sorte qu'il acquiert une rigidité suffisante, pour résister à des tensions induites ultérieures, et par conséquent une stabilité dimensionnelle améliorée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite opération d'application de ladite matière améliorant la compatibilité a lieu en immergeant le coeur dans un bain de matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité en vue de saturer ledit coeur.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on effectue ladite opération d'immersion en combinaison avec une opération de calandrage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdites opérations d'application de la matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité et de calandrage sont commandées électroniquement de sorte qu'on les réalise dans des conditions rigoureusement maítrisées.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit une étape consistant à refroidir le coeur après l'opération d'application de la matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on applique une matière d'étanchéité à base d'élastomère ou de plastomère à au moins un côté dudit coeur saturé avec une matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on n'applique qu'à un côté de la membrane devant être formée, une couche supplémentaire de matière d'étanchéité qui est différente de la précédente, comprenant du bitume modifié avec des agents améliorant la compatibilité choisis parmi des polymères de l'EVA (éthylène acétate d'éthyle) et du type acrylique de masse moléculaire faible.
  12. Installation pour la production d'une membrane d'étanchéité en trois couches selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une première station (4) dans laquelle un coeur est immergé dans un bain de masse ou matière d'étanchéité possédant des caractéristiques de stabilisation et d'amélioration de compatibilité par rapport aux deux matières ultérieurement appliquées au coeur, jusqu'à saturation, une deuxième station (7) dans laquelle le coeur saturé avec la matière d'étanchéité possède une couche de matière d'étanchéité basée à la fois sur un élastomère et un plastomère appliquée à au moins un côté, et une troisième station (14) dans laquelle une couche de matière d'étanchéité incluant des matières améliorant la compatibilité est étalée sur le coeur provenant de ladite deuxième station.
  13. Installation selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que ladite première station (4) comprend un bain de matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité, au moins un cylindre ou rouleau d'immersion (2) que l'on peut régler de façon à être ajusté à des niveaux différents par rapport au bain, et au moins une paire de rouleaux de calandrage (5, 6).
  14. Installation selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisée en ce que ladite deuxième station (7) comprend un bain de matière d'étanchéité, au moins un cylindre ou rouleau d'immersion (8) que l'on peut régler de façon à être ajusté à des niveaux différents par rapport audit bain, un rouleau d'encrage (9) et au moins une paire de rouleaux presseurs (10, 11 et 12, 13).
  15. Installation selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que ladite troisième station (14) comprend un bain de matière d'étanchéité, un rouleau d'encrage (15) et un rouleau d'étalement (16), qui appliquent une couche supplémentaire de matière d'étanchéité qui est différente de la précédente à un côté de la membrane devant être formée.
  16. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de commande électronique à la fois pour l'opération d'application de la matière d'étanchéité/améliorant la compatibilité et l'opération de calandrage.
EP19980117400 1997-09-17 1998-09-14 Membrane d'étanchéité et procédé pour sa fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0903435B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITVR970085 IT1296530B1 (it) 1997-09-17 1997-09-17 Membrana di impermeabilizzazione e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione
ITVR970085 1997-09-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0903435A2 EP0903435A2 (fr) 1999-03-24
EP0903435A3 EP0903435A3 (fr) 2001-05-02
EP0903435B1 true EP0903435B1 (fr) 2004-02-25

Family

ID=11428429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980117400 Expired - Lifetime EP0903435B1 (fr) 1997-09-17 1998-09-14 Membrane d'étanchéité et procédé pour sa fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0903435B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69821847D1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1296530B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6696125B2 (en) 2002-04-25 2004-02-24 Polyglass, U.S.A. Self-adhered modified bitumen roofing material

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2893889A (en) * 1956-04-02 1959-07-07 United States Gypsum Co Intumescent fire-retarding bituminous coating composition and roofing made therefrom
US4055453A (en) * 1972-02-19 1977-10-25 Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd. Process for producing laminated bituminous roofing membrane
US4871605A (en) * 1983-08-05 1989-10-03 Genstar Building Materials Company Inorganic fiber mat based bituminous sheet materials
US4755409A (en) * 1986-01-24 1988-07-05 Hyload Corporation Waterproofing laminate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0903435A2 (fr) 1999-03-24
ITVR970085A1 (it) 1999-03-17
IT1296530B1 (it) 1999-07-02
EP0903435A3 (fr) 2001-05-02
DE69821847D1 (de) 2004-04-01

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