EP0901411A1 - Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof - Google Patents
Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP0901411A1 EP0901411A1 EP97925856A EP97925856A EP0901411A1 EP 0901411 A1 EP0901411 A1 EP 0901411A1 EP 97925856 A EP97925856 A EP 97925856A EP 97925856 A EP97925856 A EP 97925856A EP 0901411 A1 EP0901411 A1 EP 0901411A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composite body
- layer
- inductively
- layers
- body according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
- B22D41/54—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/013—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/482—Refractories from grain sized mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5042—Zirconium oxides or zirconates; Hafnium oxides or hafnates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/34—Oxidic
- C04B2237/345—Refractory metal oxides
- C04B2237/348—Zirconia, hafnia, zirconates or hafnates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/38—Fiber or whisker reinforced
- C04B2237/385—Carbon or carbon composite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/62—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising holes, channels or other types of openings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a one-piece, refractory ceramic composite body made from at least two layers lying next to one another and to a method for its production.
- Such a composite body is known from DE 41 08 153 AI. There it is referred to as a "fire-resistant molded part" and has at least two, at least partially enveloping, non-metallic shells.
- Shaped parts or composite bodies of the type mentioned are used, for example, as wearing parts when pouring out metallurgical vessels (so-called nozzles, pouring tubes, dip tubes, but also slide plates or the like).
- the known refractory molded part essentially consists of an inner and an outer shell, which are prefabricated in tubular form. While according to one embodiment the outer shell is to consist essentially of aluminum oxide bonded with carbon, zirconium dioxide is chosen as the material for the inner shell.
- the material of the outer shell was selected from the point of view that the outer shell should be able to be inductively heated in an electromagnetic field. This ensures that the inner shell can be slowly and evenly preheated to the temperature of its beta temperature. As a result, the risk of crack formation is reduced. Due to the inductive heating of the inner shell, it takes over the heat conduction to the outer scales
- a refractory casting sleeve for a metallurgical vessel which consists, for example, of zirconium carbide and has an inner carbon coating.
- the casting sleeve is surrounded by an induction coil, by means of which the casting sleeve is heated.
- the induction coil is part of the inner wall of a multi-layer refractory ceramic tubular body.
- DE 43 01 330 AI describes a method for inductively heating a molded body made of ceramic material which does not couple inductively at room temperature, but can be coupled inductively to the field of the inductor at elevated temperature.
- the tubular shaped body consists of zirconium dioxide, which is practically electrically nonconductive at room temperature, but develops electrical conductivity at elevated temperature, for example from 800 ° C., on the inside there is a shaped body with an electrical temperature already at room temperature.
- conductive coating is practically electrically nonconductive at room temperature, but develops electrical conductivity at elevated temperature, for example from 800 ° C., on the inside there is a shaped body with an electrical temperature already at room temperature.
- the refractory nozzle according to DE 44 28 297 AI consists of a wear-resistant core made of Z ⁇ r ⁇ on ⁇ umd ⁇ ox ⁇ , which is provided with a pouring opening and a surrounding jacket made of a Konlenstoffoffe ceramic material, which can be inductively heated from room temperature.
- the jacket is formed and compacted around the prefabricated core
- the inductive heating of the refractory ceramic wear parts mentioned represents a major technological advance compared to conventional methods of preheating (for example by direct application by means of burner flames) because a uniform, "gentle” heating of the component is achieved, so that Flaking or cracking due to different heat zones in the component can be practically excluded.
- This increases the essential safety of such parts, for example in the pouring area of a metallurgical melting pot
- the invention is based on the object of offering a refractory ceramic body which can be heated directly or indirectly in the electromagnetic field of an induction coil and which, compared to the known shaped bodies, enables simplified production Wall thicknesses - such as immersion spouts - can be recorded
- the invention is therefore based on the consideration that the manufacture of such a component is then carried out when the entire body is at least initially made from one and the same refractory, factory-made material or at least the predominant mass portions of individual parts of the body from a refractory refractory ceramic material exist for the formation of individual "inductively connectable layers" and other, inductively non-connectable layers Such measures should then be taken by other bodies, which can be implemented in various forms
- the mass fraction of the layers consists of an identifiable refractory ceramic material and the remaining mass fraction with respect to each layer is selected so that at least one layer is inductively coupled under the action of an electromagnetic field, while at least one further field under the influence of this electromagnetic field couples, but all layers have the same thermal expansion coefficient
- thermal expansion coefficients of the inductively coupling and inductively non-coupling layers are coordinated with one another in such a way that no thermal contractions or expansions occur between the individual layers.
- the term "same" thermal expansion coefficients means an approximation of the expansion coefficients in the sense of preventing crack formation or preventing spalling. This goal is significantly influenced by the selection, at least with regard to their predominant mass proportions of identical materials, for the individual sections
- the desired goal can also be achieved in that the mass fractions of the layers consist entirely or at least predominantly of an identical refractory ceramic material, but the structure of at least one splint is selected in such a way that this layer is exposed to one electronic field inductively coupled, while the structure of at least one other layer is not selected so that it does not couple inductively under the influence of the electromagnetic field
- the individual layers are specifically changed cnemically / thermally by changing smaller proportions of mass (usually 0.2 to 12.0 mol%)
- the alternative embodiment is based on the idea of a change in the structure of the structure, but also here it applies that the individual layers should have a "same" coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the predominant mass fraction of the layers can consist, for example, of zirconium dioxide.
- the zirconium dioxide can by small additions of Yttrium oxide (Y2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO) and / or rare earth oxides may be partially or fully stabilized. Their proportion is, for example, between 7 and 12 mol%.
- the differentiation of the inductively connectable or inductively non-connectable layers of the composite body takes place either through the mass fractions of the stabilizing means mentioned or through their targeted selection within the individual layers, where it is proposed according to a further embodiment that the inductively coupled layer consists of To form yttrium oxide and oxides of rare earths, stabilized zirconium dioxide and the mutually non-coupling splint from zirconium stabilized with magnesium oxide or calcium oxide
- the carbon can, for example, be in fiber form and, according to one embodiment, has the geometry of a fiber network which is contained in the refractory core - Mix matrix material
- a further embodiment of the invention provides a composite body in which the inductively coupling layer contains at least one organic synthetic resin, such as phenolic novolac resin, which at the same time fulfills a binder function.
- organic synthetic resin such as phenolic novolac resin
- the entire composite body can - as stated at the outset - first be produced uniformly from the resin-bound ceramic material mentioned, which contains up to 35 wt non-connectable layer of the composite body are burned out before this layer is subsequently filled and solidified by filling the open pore volume of this layer with an inductively non-connectable ceramic material.
- This technology can also be used for other materials (material combinations).
- the main advantage here is that initially a uniform, "homogeneous" body can be produced, which is only formed by further process steps to form a “composite body” with different layers, by subsequently treating individual layers of the composite body thermally and / or physically
- the surfaces mentioned have, of course, an increased porosity, which is undesirable, however, for reasons of wear resistance of the body, because the open pore volume is then again filled, depending on the case, with an inductively non-connectable ceramic material, for example one Sol or a plaster based on zirconium dioxide or other zirconium compounds is subsequently hardened (tempering, firing) by solidification of the infiltrated material and at the same time a more secure pore closure becomes.
- an inductively non-connectable ceramic material for example one Sol or a plaster based on zirconium dioxide or other zirconium compounds is subsequently hardened (tempering, firing) by solidification of the infiltrated material and at the same time a more secure pore closure becomes.
- a refractory nozzle for casting a molten metal is to be produced from a metallurgical vessel, it can be thawed in two ways, the inner layer facing the molten metal being inductively connectable and the outer layer being inductively not connectable arranged inductor worried then the inductive heating of the inductively connectable inner layer.
- the outer layer is then slowly and evenly heated from the inside to the outside by heat conduction. Crack formation is reliably prevented due to the essentially identical thermal expansion coefficients of both layers.
- the preheating of the nozzle means that, for example, frozen metal melt is melted again in the nozzle passage.
- the selected induction frequency is in the range between 5 and 100 kHz.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a one-part, fire resistant ceramic composite structure consisting of at least two adjacent layers. The substantial mass portion of the layers consists of an identical, fire-resistant ceramic material, and the remaining mass portion is selected in relation to each layer in such a manner that at least one layer couples inductively subject to the influence of a magnetic field, whereas at least one other layer does not couple subject to the influence of said electromagnetic field. However, all layers have the same thermal coefficient of expansion.
Description
Keramischer Verbundkörper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Ceramic composite body and method for its production
B e s c h r e i b u n gDescription
Die Erfindung betrifft einen einteiligen, feuerfesten keramischen Verbundkörper aus mindestens zwei nebeneinander¬ liegenden Schichten sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Her¬ stellung.The invention relates to a one-piece, refractory ceramic composite body made from at least two layers lying next to one another and to a method for its production.
Ein derartiger Verbundkörper ist aus der DE 41 08 153 AI bekannt. Er wird dort als "feuerfestes Formteil" bezeichnet und weist mindestens zwei, sich wenigstens teilweise um¬ hüllende, nicht metallische Schalen auf.Such a composite body is known from DE 41 08 153 AI. There it is referred to as a "fire-resistant molded part" and has at least two, at least partially enveloping, non-metallic shells.
Formteile beziehungsweise Verbundkörper der genannten Art werden beispielsweise als Verschleißteile bei Ausgüssen von metallurgischen Gefäßen verwendet (sogenannte Düsen, Gie߬ rohre, Tauchrohre, aber auch Schieberplatten oder dergleichen) .
Das bekannte feuerfeste Formteil besteht im wesentlichen aus einer inneren und einer äußeren Schale, die rohrförmig vor¬ gefertigt werden. Während die äußere Schale nach einer Aus- führungsform im wesentlichen aus mit Kohlenstoff σebundenem Aluminiumoxid bestehen soll, ist als Werkstoff für die innere Schale Zirkoniumdioxid gewählt.Shaped parts or composite bodies of the type mentioned are used, for example, as wearing parts when pouring out metallurgical vessels (so-called nozzles, pouring tubes, dip tubes, but also slide plates or the like). The known refractory molded part essentially consists of an inner and an outer shell, which are prefabricated in tubular form. While according to one embodiment the outer shell is to consist essentially of aluminum oxide bonded with carbon, zirconium dioxide is chosen as the material for the inner shell.
Die Werkstoffauεwahl der äußeren Schale erfolgte unter dem Gesichtspunkt, daß die äußere Schale in einem elektromag¬ netischen Feld induktiv aufneizbar sein soll . Dadurch wird erreiche, daß die innere Schale langsam und gleichmäßig m die Näne ihrer Betπeostemperatur vorgeheizt werden kann. Hierdurch wird die Gefanr von Rißbilcungεn vernindert . Auf¬ grund der induktiven Erwärmung der inneren Schale übernimmt sie die Wärmeleitung auf die äußere ScnaleThe material of the outer shell was selected from the point of view that the outer shell should be able to be inductively heated in an electromagnetic field. This ensures that the inner shell can be slowly and evenly preheated to the temperature of its beta temperature. As a result, the risk of crack formation is reduced. Due to the inductive heating of the inner shell, it takes over the heat conduction to the outer scales
Zur Hersteilung des bekannten feuerfesten Formteils ist es notwendig, die innere Schale und die äußere Schale zunächst getrennt vorzufertigen und sie anschließend zu einem Veroundkόrper zu konfektionieren. Dies ist unter anderem schon wegen der zum Teil geringen WandstarKen der Formteile schwierig .To produce the known refractory molded part, it is necessary to first prefabricate the inner shell and the outer shell separately and then to assemble them into a compound body. This is difficult, among other things, because of the sometimes small wall thickness of the molded parts.
Aus der FR-PS 1 525 154 ist eine feuerfeste Gießhύlse für ein metallurgisches Gefäß bekannt, weiche beispielsweise aus Zirkoniumcarbid besteht und eine innere Kohlenstoff-Be¬ schichtung aufweist. Die Gießhülse ist von einer Induktions¬ spule umgeben, mittels der die Gießhύlse erwärmt wird.From FR-PS 1 525 154 a refractory casting sleeve for a metallurgical vessel is known, which consists, for example, of zirconium carbide and has an inner carbon coating. The casting sleeve is surrounded by an induction coil, by means of which the casting sleeve is heated.
Bei dem Vorschlag gemäß EP 0 379 647 Bl ist die Induktions¬ spule Bestandteil der Innenwandung eines mehrschichtigen feuerfesten keramischen Rohrkόrpers .
In der DE 43 01 330 AI wird ein Verfahren zur induktiven Aufheizung eines Formkorpers aus keramischem Material be¬ schrieben, das bei Raumtemperatur induktiv nicht ankoppelt, jedoch bei erhöhter Temperatur induktiv an das Feld des Induktors ankoppelbar ist . Dabei besteht der rohrformige Formkorper aus Zirkoniumdioxid, das bei Raumtemperatur praktisch elektrisch nichtleitend ist, jedoch bei erhöhter Temperatur, beispielsweise ab 800° C, elektrische Leitfähig¬ keit entwickelt Innenseitig ist αer Formkorper mit einer schon bei Raumtemperatur elektnscr. leitfanigen Beschichtung versehenIn the proposal according to EP 0 379 647 B1, the induction coil is part of the inner wall of a multi-layer refractory ceramic tubular body. DE 43 01 330 AI describes a method for inductively heating a molded body made of ceramic material which does not couple inductively at room temperature, but can be coupled inductively to the field of the inductor at elevated temperature. The tubular shaped body consists of zirconium dioxide, which is practically electrically nonconductive at room temperature, but develops electrical conductivity at elevated temperature, for example from 800 ° C., on the inside there is a shaped body with an electrical temperature already at room temperature. conductive coating
Die feuerfeste Düse gemäß DE 44 28 297 AI Desteht aus einem verschleißfesten Kern aus Zιrκonιumdιoxια, der mit einer Ausgußoffnung versenen ist unα einem diesen umgebenden Mantel aus einem konlenstoffgebundenen keramischen Werκstoff, αer ab Raumtemperatur induktiv aufneizbar ist Der Mantel ist um den vorgefertigten Kern geformt und verαichtetThe refractory nozzle according to DE 44 28 297 AI consists of a wear-resistant core made of Zιrκonιumdιoxια, which is provided with a pouring opening and a surrounding jacket made of a Konlenstoffgebundene ceramic material, which can be inductively heated from room temperature. The jacket is formed and compacted around the prefabricated core
Die induktive Erwärmung der genannten feuerfesten kera¬ mischen Verschleißteile stellt gegenüber konventionellen Metnoden der Vorerwarmunσ (zum Beispiel αurch direkte Beauf¬ schlagung mittels Brennerflammen) einen erneblichen techno¬ logischen Fortschritt dar, weil eine gleichmaßige, "sanfte" Erwärmung des Bauteils erreicht wird, so daß Abplatzungen oder Rißbildungen durch unterschiedliche Warmezonen im Bau¬ teil praktisch ausgeschlossen werden können Hierdurch wird vor allem die wesentliche Sicherheit von derartigen Teilen zum Beispiel im Ausgußbereich eines metallurgischen Scnmelz- gefaßes wesentlich erhöht
Ausgehend von dem eingangs genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen feuerfesten kera¬ mischen Korper anzubieten, der unmittelbar beziehungsweise mittelbar im elektromagnetischen Feld einer Inαuktionsspule erwarmbar ist und gegenüber den bekannten Formkorpern eine vereinfachte Herstellung ermöglicht Darüber hinaus sollen auch Formteile mit geringen Wandstärken - wie Eintauchausgusse - erfaßt werdenThe inductive heating of the refractory ceramic wear parts mentioned represents a major technological advance compared to conventional methods of preheating (for example by direct application by means of burner flames) because a uniform, "gentle" heating of the component is achieved, so that Flaking or cracking due to different heat zones in the component can be practically excluded. This increases the essential safety of such parts, for example in the pouring area of a metallurgical melting pot Based on the prior art mentioned at the outset, the invention is based on the object of offering a refractory ceramic body which can be heated directly or indirectly in the electromagnetic field of an induction coil and which, compared to the known shaped bodies, enables simplified production Wall thicknesses - such as immersion spouts - can be recorded
Daoei geht die Erfindung vor der Überlegung aus, αaß die Herstellung eines solcnen Bauteils dann er_eιcntert wird, wenn der gesamte Korper zumindest anfangnc- aus ein und demselben feuerfesten κεramιscnen Werkstotf hergestellt wirα beziehungsweise zumindest αie uoerwiegenαεr Masseanteile einzelner Scnichten des Körpers aus einem lαentiscnen feuer¬ festen keramiscnen Werkstoff bestehen Zur Ausbilαung einzelner, inαuktiv ankoppelbarer Schichte" und anderer, induktiv nicht ankoppelbarer Schichten
solcnen Ver- bundkorpers sind dann weitere Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, die sicn in verschiedenen Ausfürrungsformen realisieren lassenThe invention is therefore based on the consideration that the manufacture of such a component is then carried out when the entire body is at least initially made from one and the same refractory, factory-made material or at least the predominant mass portions of individual parts of the body from a refractory refractory ceramic material exist for the formation of individual "inductively connectable layers" and other, inductively non-connectable layers Such measures should then be taken by other bodies, which can be implemented in various forms
Bei einer ersten Ausfunrungsform besteht αer uoerwiegenαe Masseanteil der Schichten aus einem ιdent_scnen feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff unα αer verbleibenαe Masseanteil bezuglich jeder Schicht ist so ausgewählt αaß mindestens eine Schicht unter Einwirkung eines eleκtromagnetιsehen Feldes induktiv ankoppelt, wahrend mindestens eine weitere Schicht unter der Einwirkung dieses elektromagnetischen Feldes nicht ankoppelt, wobei jedoch alle Schichten einen gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisenIn a first embodiment, the mass fraction of the layers consists of an identifiable refractory ceramic material and the remaining mass fraction with respect to each layer is selected so that at least one layer is inductively coupled under the action of an electromagnetic field, while at least one further field under the influence of this electromagnetic field couples, but all layers have the same thermal expansion coefficient
Der Begriff "gleicher" thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient bedeutet dabei nicht zwangsweise, daß die einzelnen Schich¬ ten einen identischen thermiscnen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten
/D 7 19The term "same" coefficient of thermal expansion does not necessarily mean that the individual layers have an identical coefficient of thermal expansion / D 7 19
- 5 -- 5 -
aufweisen müssen; es kommt vielmehr darauf an, daß die thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der induktiv ankoppelnden und induktiv nicht ankoppelnden Schichten so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, daß zwischen den einzelnen Schichten keine thermischen Kontraktionen oder Dehnungen auftreten. Insoweit bedeutet der Begriff "gleiche" ther¬ mische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten eine Annäherung der Aus¬ dehnungskoeffizienten im Sinne der Verhinderung einer Riß- bildung oder der Verninderung von Abplatzungen. Dieses Ziel wird durcn die Auswahl zumindest bezuglicn ihrer uoerwiegenden Masseanteile identischer Werκstoffe für die einzelnen Scnichten maßgeblich beeinflußtmust have; it is more important that the thermal expansion coefficients of the inductively coupling and inductively non-coupling layers are coordinated with one another in such a way that no thermal contractions or expansions occur between the individual layers. In this respect, the term "same" thermal expansion coefficients means an approximation of the expansion coefficients in the sense of preventing crack formation or preventing spalling. This goal is significantly influenced by the selection, at least with regard to their predominant mass proportions of identical materials, for the individual sections
Das gewünschte Ziel laßt sich in einer alternativen Aus¬ fuhrungsform auch dadurch realisieren, daß die Masseanteile der Schichten ganz oder zumindest uoerwiegenc aus einen identischen feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff bestehen, aber die Gefugestruktur mindestens einer Schient so ausgewar.lt ist, daß diese Scnicnt unter Einwirkung eines elektronag- netiscnen Feldes induktiv ankoppelt, wahrend die Gefuge¬ struktur mindestens einer weiteren Scnicht so ausgewanlt ist, daß sie unter Einwirkung des elektromagnetischen Feldes nicht induktiv anκoppeltIn an alternative embodiment, the desired goal can also be achieved in that the mass fractions of the layers consist entirely or at least predominantly of an identical refractory ceramic material, but the structure of at least one splint is selected in such a way that this layer is exposed to one electronic field inductively coupled, while the structure of at least one other layer is not selected so that it does not couple inductively under the influence of the electromagnetic field
Wahrend oei oer erstgenannten Ausfunrungsform die einzelnen Schichten durch Veränderung kleinerer Masseanteile (üblicnerweise 0,2 bis 12,0 Mol.-%) gezielt cnemisch/mmeralogisch verändert werden, beruht die alter¬ native Ausfunrungsform auf dem Gedanken einer Veränderung der Gefugestruktur, wobei jedoch auch hier gilt, daß die einzelnen Schichten einen "gleichen" thermischen Ausdehnungs-koeffizienten aufweisen sollen.While in the first-mentioned embodiment the individual layers are specifically changed cnemically / thermally by changing smaller proportions of mass (usually 0.2 to 12.0 mol%), the alternative embodiment is based on the idea of a change in the structure of the structure, but also here it applies that the individual layers should have a "same" coefficient of thermal expansion.
Bei der erstgenannten Ausführungsform kann der überwiegende Masseanteil der Schichten beispielsweise aus Zirkoniumdioxid bestehen. Das Zirkoniumdioxid kann durch geringe Zusätze von
Yttriumoxid (Y2O3) , Magnesiumoxid (MgO) , Calciumoxid (CaO) und/oder Oxide der seltenen Erden teilweise oder vollständig stabilisiert sein. Ihr Anteil betragt beispielsweise zwischen 7 und 12 Mol.-%.In the first-mentioned embodiment, the predominant mass fraction of the layers can consist, for example, of zirconium dioxide. The zirconium dioxide can by small additions of Yttrium oxide (Y2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO) and / or rare earth oxides may be partially or fully stabilized. Their proportion is, for example, between 7 and 12 mol%.
Die Differenzierung der induktiv ankoppelbaren beziehungs¬ weise induktiv nicht ankoppelbaren Schichten des Verbund- körpers erfolgt entweder durch die Massenanteile der genann¬ ten Stabilisierungsmittel oder durcn deren gezielte Auswahl innerhalb der einzelnen Schichten, wooei nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen wird, die induktiv ankoppelnde Schicht aus mit Yttriumoxid unα/ooer Oxiden αer seltenen Erden stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxiα und die mαuktiv nicht ankoppelnde Schient aus mit Magnesiumoxic oαer Calciumoxiα stabilisiertem Zιrκonιumdιoxιd auszuoildenThe differentiation of the inductively connectable or inductively non-connectable layers of the composite body takes place either through the mass fractions of the stabilizing means mentioned or through their targeted selection within the individual layers, where it is proposed according to a further embodiment that the inductively coupled layer consists of To form yttrium oxide and oxides of rare earths, stabilized zirconium dioxide and the mutually non-coupling splint from zirconium stabilized with magnesium oxide or calcium oxide
Auch eine Einlagerung eines Kohlenstofftragers wie Graphit und/oder Pαiß m den feuerfesten keramiscnen Werkstoff αer induktiv ankoppelnden Scnicht funrt zu dem gewünschten Ergebnis Daoei kann der Kohlenstoff zum Beispiel m Faser¬ form vorliegen und besitzt nach einer Ausfunrungsform die Geometrie eines Fasernetzes, welches im feuerfesten kera- miscnen Matrixmaterial emliegtEven an inclusion of a carbon support such as graphite and / or piss in the refractory ceramic material as the inductively coupling does not lead to the desired result. The carbon can, for example, be in fiber form and, according to one embodiment, has the geometry of a fiber network which is contained in the refractory core - Mix matrix material
Bezuglich αer alternativen Ausführungsform, die αurch eine unterschiedliche Gefugestruktur der einzelnen Schichten charakterisiert ist, haben Vorversucne gezeigt, daß höhere Rohdichten, zum Beispiel durch einen erhόnten Kohlenstoff- gehalt im feuerfesten Matπxmaterial , dazu fuhren, daß die entsprechende Schicht zunehmend induktiv ankoppelt, oder anders ausgedrückt . Beispielsweise durch Ausbildung einzelner Schichten mit höherer Porosität gegenüber anderen Schichten lassen sich induktiv nicht ankoppelnde Schichten ausbilden. Dabei kann die Porosität durch nachträgliches Entfernen, insbesondere Ausbrennen einzelner Bestandteile
einzelner Schichten - ausgehend von einem werkstoffmäßig homogenen Basiskörper - eingestellt werden.With regard to the alternative embodiment, which is characterized by a different microstructure of the individual layers, preliminary tests have shown that higher bulk densities, for example due to an increased carbon content in the refractory material, lead to the corresponding layer becoming increasingly inductively coupled, or in other words . For example, by forming individual layers with higher porosity than other layers, inductively non-coupling layers can be formed. The porosity can be removed, especially by burning out individual components individual layers - based on a material-homogeneous base body - can be adjusted.
In diesem Zusammenhang sieht eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung einen Verbundkörper vor, bei dem die induktiv ankoppelnde Schicht mindestens ein organisches Kunstharz, wie Phenolnovolakharz, enthält, das gleichzeitig eine Binderfunktion erfüllt.In this context, a further embodiment of the invention provides a composite body in which the inductively coupling layer contains at least one organic synthetic resin, such as phenolic novolac resin, which at the same time fulfills a binder function.
Zur Herstellung eines solchen Verbundbauteils kann - wie eingangs ausgeführt - der gesamte Verbundkörper zunächst einheitlich aus dem genannten harzgebundenen, bis 35 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff enthaltenen keramischen Werkstoff hergestellt und anschließend in einem weiteren Verfahrensεchritt der Kohlenstoff auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des Verbundkörpers unter Ausbildung einer induktiv nicht ankoppelbaren Schicht des Verbundkörpers ausgebrannt werden, bevor diese Schicht anschließend durch Verfullen des offenen Porenvolumens dieser Schicht mit einem induktiv nicht ankoppelbaren keramischen Werkstoff verfüllt und verfestigt wird. Diese Technologie läßt sich auch bei anderen Werkstoffen (Werkstoffkombinationen) ausführen.To produce such a composite component, the entire composite body can - as stated at the outset - first be produced uniformly from the resin-bound ceramic material mentioned, which contains up to 35 wt non-connectable layer of the composite body are burned out before this layer is subsequently filled and solidified by filling the open pore volume of this layer with an inductively non-connectable ceramic material. This technology can also be used for other materials (material combinations).
Für besondere Anwendungsbereiche - wie Eintauchausgüsse - werden auf diese Weise Innen- und Außenseite behandelt . Es entstehen dabei innen- und außenseitig induktiv nicht ankoppelbare Schichten und ein dazwischenliegender Kern, der induktiv ankoppelbar ist. Soweit die "Behandlung" nur endseitig (am Eintauchende) erfolgt wird auch die endseitige Stirnfläche analog der Innen- und Außenfläche nachbearbeitet.For special areas of application - such as immersion spouts - the inside and outside are treated in this way. This creates layers that cannot be coupled inductively on the inside and outside and an intermediate core that can be coupled inductively. If the "treatment" is only carried out at the end (at the immersion end), the end face is also reworked analogously to the inner and outer surface.
Der wesentliche Vorteil liegt hierbei darin, daß zunächst
ein einheitlicher, "homogener" Korper hergestellt werden kann, der erst durch weitere Verfahrensschritte zu einem "Verbundkόrper" mit unterschiedlichen Schichten ausgebildet wird, indem einzelne Schichten des Verbundkorpers nach¬ träglich thermisch und/oder physikalisch behandelt werdenThe main advantage here is that initially a uniform, "homogeneous" body can be produced, which is only formed by further process steps to form a "composite body" with different layers, by subsequently treating individual layers of the composite body thermally and / or physically
Wahrend der für eine induktive Ankopplung maßgebliche Kohlenstoffgehalt bei einem am Ende beispielsweise drei¬ schichtigen Bauteil m einer Schicht unverändert bleibt, wird αurch die beschriebene Verfahrenstechnik der Kohlenstoff aus den Oberf_achenschιchten anscnließenα thermisch ausgebranntWhile the carbon content, which is decisive for inductive coupling, remains unchanged in the case of a component, for example three-layered in the end, the carbon is thermally burned out by the process technology described
Auf αiese Weise besitzen αie genannten Oberflachen an¬ schließend selbstverstandlicn eine erhöhte Porosität die jedoch aus Gründen der Verscnleißfestigxeit des Verounc- korpers unerwünscht ist, wesnalb das offene Porenvolumen anschließend wieder verfuilt wirα, jeαocn nun mit einen induktiv nicnt ankoppelbaren keramiscnen Werkstoff, Bei¬ spielsweise einem Sol oder einem Scπlicker auf Basis Zirkoniumdioxid oder anderer Zirkoniumveroindungen Durcn eme anschließende thermiscne Benandiunc (Temperung, Brand) erfolgt schiießlicn eine Verfestigung αes infiltrierten Materials und gleichzeitig ein sicnerer Porenverschluß Das Verfullmaterial sollte so ausgewählt werαen (zum Beispiel Zirkoniumdioxid) , daß der angestrebte hone Verscnleißscnutz erreicht wird.In this way, the surfaces mentioned have, of course, an increased porosity, which is undesirable, however, for reasons of wear resistance of the body, because the open pore volume is then again filled, depending on the case, with an inductively non-connectable ceramic material, for example one Sol or a plaster based on zirconium dioxide or other zirconium compounds is subsequently hardened (tempering, firing) by solidification of the infiltrated material and at the same time a more secure pore closure becomes.
Soll zum Beispiel eine feuerfeste Düse zum Vergießen einer Metallschmelze aus einem metallurgiscnen Gefäß hergestellt werden, so kann diese zweischicn ig aufgeoaut werden, wobei die innere, der Metallschmelze zugewandte Schicht induktiv ankoppelbar und die äußere Schicht induktiv nicht ankoppel- bar ist Ein um die Düse nerum angeordneter Induktor besorgt
dann die induktive Erwärmung der induktiv ankoppelbaren inneren Schicht . Die äußere Schicht wird durch Wärmeleitung anschließend von innen nach außen langsam und gleichmäßig aufgeheizt. Aufgrund im wesentlichen -gleicher thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizienten beider Schichten wird eine Ri߬ bildung sicher verhindert.If, for example, a refractory nozzle for casting a molten metal is to be produced from a metallurgical vessel, it can be thawed in two ways, the inner layer facing the molten metal being inductively connectable and the outer layer being inductively not connectable arranged inductor worried then the inductive heating of the inductively connectable inner layer. The outer layer is then slowly and evenly heated from the inside to the outside by heat conduction. Crack formation is reliably prevented due to the essentially identical thermal expansion coefficients of both layers.
Die Vorheizung der Düse führt dazu, daß beispielsweise eingefrorene Metallschmelze im Düsendurchlaß wieder aufge¬ schmolzen wird.The preheating of the nozzle means that, for example, frozen metal melt is melted again in the nozzle passage.
Die gewählte Induktionsfrequenz wird dabei im Bereich zwischen 5 und 100 kHz iieαen.
The selected induction frequency is in the range between 5 and 100 kHz.
Claims
1. Einteiliger feuerfester keramischer Verbundkörper aus mindestens zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Schichten, wobei der überwiegende Masseanteil der Schichten aus einem identischen feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff besteht und der verbleibende Masseanteil bezüglich jeder Schicht so ausgewählt ist, daß mindestens eine Schicht unter Ein¬ wirkung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes induktiv an¬ koppelt, während mindestens eine weitere Schicht unter der Einwirkung dieses elektromagnetischen Feldes nicht ankoppelt, alle Schichten jedoch einen gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen. 1. One-piece refractory ceramic composite body made of at least two layers lying next to one another, the majority of the mass of the layers consisting of an identical refractory ceramic material and the remaining proportion of mass with respect to each layer being selected such that at least one layer is inductively an¬ under the influence of an electromagnetic field couples, while at least one further layer does not couple under the influence of this electromagnetic field, but all layers have the same thermal expansion coefficient.
2. Einteiliger feuerfester keramischer Verbundkörper aus mindestens zwei nebeneinanderliegenden Schichten, wobei der Masseanteil der Schichten ganz oder zumindest über¬ wiegend aus einem identischen feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff besteht und die Gefügestruktur mindestens einer Schicht so ausgewählt ist, daß diese Schicht unter Ein¬ wirkung eines elektromagnetischen Feldes induktiv an¬ koppelt, während die Gefügestruktur mindestens einer weiteren Schicht so ausgewählt ist, daß sie unter Ein¬ wirkung dieses elektromagnetischen Feldes nicht induktiv ankoppelt, alle Schichten jedoch einen gleichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweisen.2. One-piece refractory ceramic composite body made of at least two layers lying next to one another, the mass fraction of the layers consisting entirely or at least predominantly of an identical refractory ceramic material and the structural structure of at least one layer being selected such that this layer under the influence of an electromagnetic field inductively coupled, while the microstructure is selected at least one further layer so that it does not inductively couple under the influence of this electromagnetic field, but all layers have the same thermal expansion coefficient.
3. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem zumindest der überwiegende Masseanteil der Schichten aus Zirkonium¬ dioxid besteht.3. Composite body according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least the predominant mass fraction of the layers consists of zirconium dioxide.
4. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 3, bei dem der etwaig ver¬ bleibende Masseanteil der Schichten aus Yttriumoxid, Magnesiumoxid, Calciumoxid und/oder Oxiden der seltenen Erden besteht, mit dem oder denen das Zirkoniumdioxid teilweise oder vollständig stabilisiert ist.4. Composite body according to claim 3, in which the possibly remaining mass fraction of the layers consists of yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and / or rare earth oxides with which the zirconium dioxide is partially or completely stabilized.
5. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 4, bei dem die induktiv ankoppelnde(n) Schicht (en) aus mit Yttriumoxid und/oder Oxiden der seltenen Erden stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid und die induktiv nicht ankoppelnde(n) Schicht (en) aus mit Magnesiumoxid und/oder Calciumoxid stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid besteht (bestehen) .5. Composite body according to claim 4, wherein the inductively coupling layer (s) made of zirconium dioxide stabilized with yttrium oxide and / or rare earth oxides and the inductively non-coupling layer (s) made of magnesium oxide and / or calcium oxide Stabilized zirconia exists.
6. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem in die induktiv ankoppelnde(n) Schicht (en) Kohlenstoff, insbesondere in Form von Graphit und/oder Ruß eingelagert ist (sind) . 6. Composite body according to claim 1 or 2, in which carbon, in particular in the form of graphite and / or carbon black, is (are) embedded in the inductively coupling layer (s).
7. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 6, bei dem der Kohlenstoff in Form von Fasern vorliegt.7. The composite body according to claim 6, wherein the carbon is in the form of fibers.
8. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, bei dem der Kohlenstoff in Form eines Fasernetzes oder Fasergewirkes im feuerfesten keramischen Werkstoff vorliegt.8. Composite body according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the carbon is in the form of a fiber network or fiber knitted fabric in the refractory ceramic material.
9. Verbundkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, bei dem der Werkstoff der induktiv ankoppelnde (n) Schicht (en) mindestens ein organisches Kunstharz enthält.9. Composite body according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the material of the inductively coupling layer (s) contains at least one organic synthetic resin.
10. Verbundkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem der aus einem identischen Werkstoff bestehende Masseanteil der Schichten 65 bis 99,8 Gew.-% betragt.10. Composite body according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the mass fraction of the layers consisting of an identical material is 65 to 99.8% by weight.
11. Verbundkörper nach Anspruch 10, bei dem der aus einem identischen Werkstoff bestehende Masseanteil der Schichten 88 bis 99,5 Gew.-% betragt.11. The composite body according to claim 10, wherein the mass fraction of the layers consisting of an identical material is 88 to 99.5% by weight.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundkörpers nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, bei dem der gesamte Verbundkörper aus einem harzgebundenen, Kohlenstoff enthaltenden keramischen Werkstoff hergestellt wird und in einem anschließenden Verfahrensschritt der Kohlenstoff auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des Verbundkörpers unter Ausbildung einer induktiv nicht ankoppelbaren Schicht des Verbundkörpers ausgebrannt wird.12. A method for producing a composite body according to one of claims 6 to 11, in which the entire composite body is produced from a resin-bonded, carbon-containing ceramic material and in a subsequent process step, the carbon on at least one surface of the composite body to form an inductively non-coupled layer the composite body is burned out.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, bei dem die nicht ankoppelbare Schicht anschließend durch Verfullen des offenen Porenvolumens dieser Schicht mit einem induktiv nicht ankoppelbaren keramischen Werkstoff verfüllt und verfestigt wird. 13. The method according to claim 12, in which the non-couplable layer is subsequently filled and solidified by filling the open pore volume of this layer with an inductively non-couplable ceramic material.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, bei dem das offene Porenvolumen mit einem hoch erosionsbeständigen Material verfüllt und anschließend verfestigt wird.14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the open pore volume is filled with a highly erosion-resistant material and then solidified.
15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, bei dem das offene Porenvolumen mit einem Sol oder einem Schlicker auf Basis Zirkoniumdioxid oder einer anderen Zirkoniumverbindung verfüllt und bei erhöhten Temperaturen verfestigt wird. 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the open pore volume is filled with a sol or a slip based on zirconium dioxide or another zirconium compound and solidified at elevated temperatures.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19620403 | 1996-05-21 | ||
DE19620403A DE19620403C1 (en) | 1996-05-21 | 1996-05-21 | Refractory composite body with layers based on same material |
PCT/DE1997/001019 WO1997044152A1 (en) | 1996-05-21 | 1997-05-17 | Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0901411A1 true EP0901411A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 |
Family
ID=7794881
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97925856A Withdrawn EP0901411A1 (en) | 1996-05-21 | 1997-05-17 | Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6156446A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0901411A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000515108A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3088597A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19620403C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997044152A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3827912B1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-03-30 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | An exchangeable nozzle for a nozzle changer system, a method for manufacturing such a nozzle, a nozzle changer system comprising such a nozzle and a tundish comprising such a nozzle changer system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6413153B1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2002-07-02 | Beaver Creek Concepts Inc | Finishing element including discrete finishing members |
FR2815854A1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-03 | Oreal | COSMETIC COMPOSITION PROVIDING GOOD HOLD PROPERTIES AND COMPRISING AN ACID-BASED COPOLYMER |
CN106891599B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2019-02-19 | 辽宁法库陶瓷工程技术研究中心 | A kind of preparation method of yttrium stable zirconium oxide ceramic insulating material |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1525154A (en) * | 1966-03-11 | 1968-05-17 | Improvements to casting nozzles for continuous casting of metal or carbon steel in liquid state | |
JPS62282904A (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-12-08 | 品川白煉瓦株式会社 | Method and device for molding carbon group refractory |
DE3842690C2 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1998-04-30 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory connection and induction coil therefor |
JPH07115912B2 (en) * | 1988-12-26 | 1995-12-13 | 東芝セラミックス株式会社 | Casting nozzle |
DE4108153A1 (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1992-09-17 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory molded part and its use |
DE4125916A1 (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1993-02-11 | Didier Werke Ag | METHOD FOR INDUCTINGLY HEATING CERAMIC MOLDED PARTS |
DE4301330C2 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1997-02-13 | Didier Werke Ag | Process by inductive heating for tempering and / or firing a refractory shaped body made of ceramic material |
DE4428297A1 (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1996-02-15 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory nozzle for pouring molten metal from a vessel |
-
1996
- 1996-05-21 DE DE19620403A patent/DE19620403C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-17 WO PCT/DE1997/001019 patent/WO1997044152A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-17 US US09/194,345 patent/US6156446A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-17 AU AU30885/97A patent/AU3088597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-17 EP EP97925856A patent/EP0901411A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-17 JP JP09541380A patent/JP2000515108A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9744152A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3827912B1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-03-30 | Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG | An exchangeable nozzle for a nozzle changer system, a method for manufacturing such a nozzle, a nozzle changer system comprising such a nozzle and a tundish comprising such a nozzle changer system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2000515108A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
US6156446A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
DE19620403C1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
WO1997044152A1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
AU3088597A (en) | 1997-12-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE10060566B4 (en) | A friction body of silicon-infiltrated, carbon fiber-reinforced porous carbon, method for producing such a friction body and use of such a friction body | |
DE2738926C2 (en) | Protection tube for a thermocouple | |
EP0119499B1 (en) | Cylinder head and manufacturing method | |
DE10157483C2 (en) | Shaped body made of fiber-reinforced composite materials with a segmented cover layer, its manufacture and its use | |
EP1183120A1 (en) | Casting tool and method of producing a component | |
DE3046567A1 (en) | "MOLDED COMPOSITE PRODUCT MADE OF REFRACTORY MATERIAL" | |
EP1817528B1 (en) | Method for the production of a thermal shield element | |
DE3420835C2 (en) | Ceramic sink | |
DE3709905A1 (en) | USE FOR A REFINING OVEN | |
WO1982003339A1 (en) | Ceramic filter,method for manufacturing and utilizing this filter | |
EP0901411A1 (en) | Ceramic composite structure and process for the production thereof | |
DE10234551B3 (en) | Detection of oxidation of carbon-containing fibers or fiber bundles in composite materials | |
DE3614730A1 (en) | FIRE-RESISTANT MOLDED BODY, IN PARTICULAR PLATE FOR SLIDING LATCHES | |
DE3127183A1 (en) | Prefabricated multi-density blast furnace channel | |
DE3307193A1 (en) | Refractory plate, in particular for sliding or rotary gates on metallurgical vessels | |
DE4108153A1 (en) | Refractory molded part and its use | |
DE19727649A1 (en) | Ceramic composite body | |
DE3029788C2 (en) | ||
DE2840398C2 (en) | Sliding closure arrangement for tapping on containers containing molten metal | |
DE2557242C2 (en) | Tub stone | |
DE60300946T2 (en) | TEMPERATURE SHOCK-RESISTANT CASTING ELEMENT AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD | |
EP1082278A1 (en) | Ceramic composite body | |
DE3634447C1 (en) | Refractory shaped body, in particular a plate for outlet closures | |
DE3512379A1 (en) | Carbon-containing refractory materials | |
WO1995001520A1 (en) | Brake disc for disc brakes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981205 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19990705 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20031203 |