EP0900332A1 - Valve for controlling fluids - Google Patents

Valve for controlling fluids

Info

Publication number
EP0900332A1
EP0900332A1 EP97949954A EP97949954A EP0900332A1 EP 0900332 A1 EP0900332 A1 EP 0900332A1 EP 97949954 A EP97949954 A EP 97949954A EP 97949954 A EP97949954 A EP 97949954A EP 0900332 A1 EP0900332 A1 EP 0900332A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
pressure
pressure chamber
actuating piston
valve member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97949954A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rudolf Heinz
Dieter Kienzler
Roger Potshin
Klaus-Dieter Schmoll
Friedrich Boecking
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0900332A1 publication Critical patent/EP0900332A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0045—Three-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/025—Hydraulically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve for controlling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a valve for controlling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a valve is known from US Pat. No. 4,813,601.
  • the actuating piston of the valve member is arranged in a part of a stepped bore that is smaller in diameter, whereas a piston with a larger diameter that is moved with the piezo actuator is arranged in a part of the stepped bore that is larger in diameter.
  • a hydraulic space is clamped between the two pistons, such that when the larger piston is moved by the actuator by a certain distance, the actuating piston of the valve member is moved by a distance enlarged by the transmission ratio of the stepped bore diameter.
  • valve member The valve member, the actuating piston, the piston with the larger diameter and the piezo actuator lie one behind the other on a common axis.
  • This arrangement has the disadvantage that it takes up a large amount of space, particularly with regard to the length, taking into account the The fact that a piezo actuator is quite large for effective actuation.
  • control valve according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 has the advantage over the fact that the position of the piezo actuator in front of the actual valve member with its actuating piston can be arranged separately, i.e. at a spatial lateral distance from the valve member. This creates space for accommodating this actuator in addition to the centrally arranged valve member in the large design of a piezo actuator required. Actuator and valve element can be parallel to one another in wide areas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment installed in an electrically controlled
  • Fuel injection valve of which the part essential for control is shown - in the version as a 2/2 valve and FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the control valve as a 3/2 valve.
  • the valve according to the invention is used in a fuel injection valve, the essential parts of which are shown in section in FIG. 1.
  • This injection valve has a valve housing 1, in which a valve needle 3 is guided in a longitudinal bore 2.
  • the valve needle is provided with a conical sealing surface 4, which cooperates with a seat on the tip 5 of the valve housing protruding into the combustion chamber, from which seat Remove injection openings that connect the interior of the injection valve, here the annular space 7 surrounding the valve needle 3 and filled with fuel under injection pressure, to the combustion chamber, so as to carry out an injection when the valve needle has lifted off its seat.
  • the annular space is connected to a further pressure space 8, which is constantly in communication with a pressure line 10, via which fuel under injection pressure is fed to the fuel injection valve from a high-pressure fuel reservoir (not shown here).
  • This high fuel pressure also acts in the pressure chamber 8 and there on a pressure shoulder 11, via which the nozzle needle can be lifted from its valve seat in a known manner under suitable conditions.
  • valve needle At the other end of the valve needle, it is guided in a cylinder bore 12 and includes with its end face 14 a control pressure chamber 15 which is constantly connected via a throttle connection 16 to an annular chamber 17 which, like the annular chamber 8, is constantly connected to the high-pressure fuel reservoir in Connection is established.
  • a throttle bore 19 leads axially from the control pressure chamber 15 to a valve seat 20 of a control valve 21 in the configuration according to the invention.
  • a valve member 22 of the control valve 21 interacts with the valve seat 20 and, in the raised state, establishes a connection between the control pressure chamber 15 and a relief chamber.
  • valve member 22 is acted upon by a compression spring 24 in the closing direction, ie towards the valve seat 20, so that this connection of the control pressure chamber 15 is closed in the normal position of the control valve. Since the face area of the valve needle in the area of the control pressure chamber is larger than the area of the pressure shoulder 11, the same fuel pressure holds in the control pressure chamber as in the annular chamber 8 now prevails the valve needle 3 in the closed position. However, if the valve member 22 is lifted off, the pressure in the control pressure chamber 15 is relieved due to the throttling effect of the throttle connection 16. When the closing force is now lacking, the valve needle opens quickly and, on the other hand, can be brought into the closed position as soon as the valve member 22 comes back into the closed position. From this point in time, the original high fuel pressure in the control pressure chamber 15 quickly builds up again via the throttle 16.
  • the control valve has an actuating piston 25 which is fixedly connected to the valve member 22 and has a larger diameter than the shaft 27 guided in the housing 26.
  • the piston 25 is guided tightly in a guide bore 28 and, with its annular shoulder 29, delimits a pressure chamber 31 of the control valve at the transition to the shaft 27, which pressure chamber 31 extends laterally to the axis of the actuating piston 25.
  • This space is further delimited by an end face 32 of an actuator piston 33 such that the pressure space 31 is enclosed on all sides.
  • the axis of the actuating piston is coaxial with the axis of the valve needle 3 and the axis of the actuator piston 33 is parallel to this axis.
  • the actuator piston 33 is also guided tightly in the housing 26 and is moved by a piezo stack 30, which is only indicated here.
  • expansion takes place in such a way that the actuator piston attempts to reduce the volume of the pressure chamber 31, which is immediately compensated for by the fact that the actuating piston 25 is raised.
  • the diameter of the actuator piston has a larger area to the pressure chamber 31 than the annular shoulder 29 of the actuating piston, it executes a movement which is translated by area ratios and is displaced by a much greater distance against the restoring force of the compression spring 24, even with small changes in piezo length the control valve releases the throttle bore 19 to relieve the control pressure chamber 15.
  • this embodiment offers the advantage that the actuator with piezo and actuator piston can be arranged next to the actuating piston 25 with an axis parallel to the axis of the fuel injection valve and that the overall length is reduced by the overlap of the parts with one another. Manufacturing is further simplified because there are no coaxial bores with different diameters in connection with the actuator that would require a double fit.
  • the pressure chamber 31 can be designed so that a throttle section 34 can be realized in the area between the end faces of the actuator piston and the actuating piston, with which it can be achieved that vibration can be reduced on this throttle section due to the very fast actuator movement.
  • the valve member 22 of the control valve can be brought quickly and safely into an open position or a closed position.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that a 3/2 valve is implemented here instead of a 2/2 valve.
  • the valve member has a valve head 35, which in turn is connected to the actuating piston 25 via the shaft 27.
  • the stem 25 is guided in a guide bore 39 which opens into an enlarged space 40 in which the valve head 35 can be moved back and forth.
  • This space is continuously connected via a channel 37 to the control pressure space 15, which is not shown here and which corresponds to that of FIG. 1.
  • a first valve seat 41 is formed, which has a conical, for Actuating piston 25 facing sealing surface 42 of the valve head cooperates.
  • the stem has an annular groove 36 which, together with the guide bore, forms an annular space 44 which is constantly connected to the high-pressure fuel reservoir via a high-pressure line 45 opening into the guide bore 39.
  • fuel can get into the space 40 via the annular space 44 and from there via the channel 37 into the control pressure space 15, where this pressure holds the valve needle 3 in the closed position.
  • the inflow provided in FIG. 1 via a throttle 16 into the control pressure chamber 15 is omitted in this case.
  • the valve head also has a flat sealing surface 46 on its end face, with which it lies tightly against a plane seat 47 in the position shown under the action of the compression spring 24 '. In this position, the valve head closes a relief line 48, via which the space 40 and also the control pressure space 15 can be relieved when the valve head 35 is in contact with the first valve seat 41 and thus blocks the high-pressure inlet into the space 40.
  • the valve head in turn reaches this position when the actuator piston 33 has displaced pressure medium, for example here also fuel, via the pressure chamber 31 and has lifted the latter via the shoulder 29 of the actuating piston 25. In this way, with this 3/2 valve, the control pressure chamber in one valve position is relieved in an exact assignment and high pressure is applied in the other valve position.
  • the solution has the advantage that, when the piezo is not energized, the spring 24 'ensures that the control valve is brought into the rest position shown, in which the relief line 48 is closed and the control pressure chamber 15 is at high fuel pressure. The injection valve is thus also closed when the piezo is not excited.
  • This is an essential security aspect because If the power supply part of the motor vehicle fails, an excessive fuel injection quantity is prevented.
  • the energy requirement for the control of the control valve is also lower if it has to be energized only for the purpose of relief in the time of the short injection process and can in turn be de-energized during the long spray breaks.
  • valve seat 2 also has a significant advantage, which is that one valve seat is a conical seat and the other valve seat is a flat seat. Because of the flat seat provided here, no special measures need to be taken for the assignment of the two seats to one another, which would be different if two cone seat valves had to be controlled with the valve head. With a corresponding design of the valve head it can be achieved in this embodiment that the balance of forces on the valve head 35, utilizing the high fuel pressure acting on it, acts on the valve member in the closed position.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve for controlling fluids in which the valve element (22) can be displaced by an actuating piston (25) which together with a piezoelectric actuator piston (33) defines a pressure chamber (31). The actuator piston and corresponding piezoelectric element (30) are positioned parallel to the actuating piston (25). When the piezoelectric element (30) is excited or the actuator piston (33) is displaced, the actuating piston carries out a movement in the opposite direction of the control displacement and with its valve element (22) controls the opening of a relief hole (19).

Description

Ventil zum Steuern von FlüssigkeitenValve for controlling liquids
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten gemäß der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1. Durch die US-PS 4,813,601 ist ein solches Ventil bekannt. Dort ist der Betätigungskolben des Ventilglieds in einem im Durchmesser kleineren Teil einer Stufenbohrung dicht verschiebbar angeordnet, wogegen ein im Durchmesser größerer Kolben, der mit dem Piezoaktor bewegt wird, in einem im Durchmesser größeren Teil der Stufenbohrung angeordnet ist. Zwischen beiden Kolben ist ein hydraulischer Raum eingespannt, derart, daß wenn der größere Kolben durch den Aktor um eine bestimmte Wegstrecke bewegt wird, der Betätigungskolben des Ventilglieds um einen um das Übersetzungsverhältnis der Stufenbohrungsdurchmesser vergrößerten Weg bewegt wird. Das Ventilglied, der Betätigungskolben, der im Durchmesser größere Kolben und der Piezoaktor liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Achse hintereinander. Diese Anordnung hat den Nachteil, daß sie insbesondere im Bezug auf die Länge einen großen Bauraum beansprucht unter der Berücksichtigung der Tatsache, daß für eine wirksame Betätigung ein Piezoaktor recht groß ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a valve for controlling liquids according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a valve is known from US Pat. No. 4,813,601. There, the actuating piston of the valve member is arranged in a part of a stepped bore that is smaller in diameter, whereas a piston with a larger diameter that is moved with the piezo actuator is arranged in a part of the stepped bore that is larger in diameter. A hydraulic space is clamped between the two pistons, such that when the larger piston is moved by the actuator by a certain distance, the actuating piston of the valve member is moved by a distance enlarged by the transmission ratio of the stepped bore diameter. The valve member, the actuating piston, the piston with the larger diameter and the piezo actuator lie one behind the other on a common axis. This arrangement has the disadvantage that it takes up a large amount of space, particularly with regard to the length, taking into account the The fact that a piezo actuator is quite large for effective actuation.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Steuerventil mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Patentanspruchs 1 hat dem gegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Lage des Piezoaktors vor dem eigentlichen Ventilglied mit seinem Betätigungskolben getrennt angeordnet werden kann, d.h. in räumlicher seitlicher Entfernung vom Ventilglied. Damit wird bei der notwendigen großen Bauform eines Piezoaktors neben dem zentral angeordneten Ventilglied Platz zur Unterbringung dieses Aktors geschaffen. Aktor und Ventilglied können sich dabei in weiten Bereichen parallel nebeneinander befinden.The control valve according to the invention with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 has the advantage over the fact that the position of the piezo actuator in front of the actual valve member with its actuating piston can be arranged separately, i.e. at a spatial lateral distance from the valve member. This creates space for accommodating this actuator in addition to the centrally arranged valve member in the large design of a piezo actuator required. Actuator and valve element can be parallel to one another in wide areas.
Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein erstes Ausfüh- rungsbeispiel eingebaut in einem elektrisch gesteuertenTwo embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment installed in an electrically controlled
Kraftstoffeinspritzventil, von dem der zur Steuerung wesentliche Teil dargestellt ist - in der Ausführung als 2/2- Ventil und Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Steuerventils als 3/2-Ventil.Fuel injection valve, of which the part essential for control is shown - in the version as a 2/2 valve and FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the control valve as a 3/2 valve.
Beschreibungdescription
Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil findet Anwendung bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil, das in wesentlichen Teilen im Schnitt in der Figur 1 wiedergegeben ist. Dieses Einspritzventil weist ein Ventilgehäuse 1 auf, in dem in einer Längsbohrung 2 eine Ventilnadel 3 geführt ist. An ihrem einen Ende ist die Ventilnadel mit einer kegelförmigen Dichtfläche 4 versehen, die an der in den Brennraum ragenden Spitze 5 des Ventilgehäuses mit einem Sitz zusammenwirkt, von dem aus Einspritzöffnungen abführen, die das Innere des Einspritzventils, hier den die Ventilnadel 3 umgebenden mit unter Einspritzdruck stehendem Kraftstoff gefüllten Ringraum 7 mit dem Brennraum verbinden, um so eine Einspritzung zu vollziehen, wenn die Ventilnadel von ihrem Sitz abgehoben hat. Der Ringraum ist mit einem weiteren Druckraum 8 verbunden, der ständig in Verbindung mit einer Druckleitung 10 steht, über die dem Kraftstoffeinspritzventil von einem hier nicht weiter gezeigten Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher Kraftstoff unter Einspritzdruck zugeführt wird. Dieser hohe Kraftstoffdruck wirkt auch in den Druckraum 8 und dort auf eine Druckschulter 11, über die in bekannter Weise die Düsennadel bei geeigneten Bedingungen von ihrem Ventilsitz abgehoben werden kann.The valve according to the invention is used in a fuel injection valve, the essential parts of which are shown in section in FIG. 1. This injection valve has a valve housing 1, in which a valve needle 3 is guided in a longitudinal bore 2. At one end, the valve needle is provided with a conical sealing surface 4, which cooperates with a seat on the tip 5 of the valve housing protruding into the combustion chamber, from which seat Remove injection openings that connect the interior of the injection valve, here the annular space 7 surrounding the valve needle 3 and filled with fuel under injection pressure, to the combustion chamber, so as to carry out an injection when the valve needle has lifted off its seat. The annular space is connected to a further pressure space 8, which is constantly in communication with a pressure line 10, via which fuel under injection pressure is fed to the fuel injection valve from a high-pressure fuel reservoir (not shown here). This high fuel pressure also acts in the pressure chamber 8 and there on a pressure shoulder 11, via which the nozzle needle can be lifted from its valve seat in a known manner under suitable conditions.
Am anderen Ende der Ventilnadel ist diese in einer Zylinderbohrung 12 geführt und schließt dort mit ihrer Stirnseite 14 einen Steuerdruckraum 15 ein, der über eine Drosselverbindung 16 ständig mit einem Ringraum 17 verbunden ist, der wie auch der Ringraum 8 ständig mit dem Kraftstoffhochdruck- speicher in Verbindung steht . Axial führt vom Steuerdruckraum 15 eine Drosselbohrung 19 ab zu einem Ventilsitz 20 eines Steuerventils 21 in der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung. Mit dem Ventilsitz 20 wirkt ein Ventilglied 22 des Steuerventils 21 zusammen, das im abgehobenen Zustand eine Verbindung zwischen dem Steuerdruckraum 15 und einem Entlastungsraum herstellt.At the other end of the valve needle, it is guided in a cylinder bore 12 and includes with its end face 14 a control pressure chamber 15 which is constantly connected via a throttle connection 16 to an annular chamber 17 which, like the annular chamber 8, is constantly connected to the high-pressure fuel reservoir in Connection is established. A throttle bore 19 leads axially from the control pressure chamber 15 to a valve seat 20 of a control valve 21 in the configuration according to the invention. A valve member 22 of the control valve 21 interacts with the valve seat 20 and, in the raised state, establishes a connection between the control pressure chamber 15 and a relief chamber.
Das Ventilglied 22 wird durch eine Druckfeder 24 in Schließ- richtung, also auf den Ventilsitz 20 hin beaufschlagt, so daß in Normalstellung des Steuerventils diese Verbindung des Steuerdruckraums 15 verschlossen ist. Da die stirnseitige Fläche der Ventilnadel im Bereich des Steuerdruckraumes größer ist als die Fläche der Druckschulter 11 hält derselbe Kraftstoffdruck im Steuerdruckraum, der auch in dem Ringraum 8 vorherrscht nun die Ventilnadel 3 in geschlossener Stellung. Ist das Ventilglied 22 jedoch abgehoben, so wird der Druck im Steuerdruckraum 15 entlastet auf Grund der drosselnden Wirkung der Drosselverbindung 16. Bei der nun fehlenden Schließkraft öffnet die Ventilnadel schnell und kann andererseits in Schließstellung gebracht werden sobald das Ventilglied 22 wieder in Schließstellung kommt. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt baut sich dann schnell über die Drossel 16 der ursprüngliche hohe Kraftstoffdruck im Steuerdruckraum 15 wieder auf.The valve member 22 is acted upon by a compression spring 24 in the closing direction, ie towards the valve seat 20, so that this connection of the control pressure chamber 15 is closed in the normal position of the control valve. Since the face area of the valve needle in the area of the control pressure chamber is larger than the area of the pressure shoulder 11, the same fuel pressure holds in the control pressure chamber as in the annular chamber 8 now prevails the valve needle 3 in the closed position. However, if the valve member 22 is lifted off, the pressure in the control pressure chamber 15 is relieved due to the throttling effect of the throttle connection 16. When the closing force is now lacking, the valve needle opens quickly and, on the other hand, can be brought into the closed position as soon as the valve member 22 comes back into the closed position. From this point in time, the original high fuel pressure in the control pressure chamber 15 quickly builds up again via the throttle 16.
Das erfindungsgemäße Steuerventil weist einen Betätigungskolben 25 auf, der fest mit dem Ventilglied 22 verbunden ist und gegenüber dem im Gehäuse 26 geführten Schaft 27 einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist. Der Kolben 25 ist in einer Führungsbohrung 28 dicht geführt und begrenzt mit seiner Ringschulter 29 am Übergang zum Schaft 27 einen Druckraum 31 des Steuerventils, der sich quer zur Achse des Betätigungs- kolbens 25 und seitlich ausdehnt. Dieser Raum wird ferner durch eine Stirnseite 32 eines Aktorkolbens 33 begrenzt derart, daß der Druckraum 31 allseitig eingeschlossen ist. Die Achse des Betätigungskolbens liegt koaxial zur Achse der Ventilnadel 3 und die Achse des Aktorkolbens 33 liegt parallel zu dieser Achse. Der Aktorkolben 33 ist dabei ebenfalls dicht im Gehäuse 26 geführt und wird von einem hier nur angedeuteten Piezostack 30 bewegt. Bei Erregung des Piezos erfolgt eine Ausdehnung derart, daß der Aktorkolben das Volumen des Druckraumes 31 zu verringern sucht, was sogleich dadurch kompensiert wird, daß der Betätigungskolben 25 angehoben wird. Da der Aktorkolben im Durchmesser eine größere Fläche zum Druckraum 31 hat als die Ringschulter 29 des Betätigungskolbens, führt dieser eine um Flächenverhältnisse übersetzte Bewegung aus und wird selbst bei kleinen Piezo-Längenänderungen um eine wesentlich größere Wegstrecke gegen die Rückstellkraft der Druckfeder 24 verstellt, wobei das Steuerventil die Drosselbohrung 19 freigibt zur Entlastung des Steuerdruckraumes 15.The control valve according to the invention has an actuating piston 25 which is fixedly connected to the valve member 22 and has a larger diameter than the shaft 27 guided in the housing 26. The piston 25 is guided tightly in a guide bore 28 and, with its annular shoulder 29, delimits a pressure chamber 31 of the control valve at the transition to the shaft 27, which pressure chamber 31 extends laterally to the axis of the actuating piston 25. This space is further delimited by an end face 32 of an actuator piston 33 such that the pressure space 31 is enclosed on all sides. The axis of the actuating piston is coaxial with the axis of the valve needle 3 and the axis of the actuator piston 33 is parallel to this axis. The actuator piston 33 is also guided tightly in the housing 26 and is moved by a piezo stack 30, which is only indicated here. When the piezo is excited, expansion takes place in such a way that the actuator piston attempts to reduce the volume of the pressure chamber 31, which is immediately compensated for by the fact that the actuating piston 25 is raised. Since the diameter of the actuator piston has a larger area to the pressure chamber 31 than the annular shoulder 29 of the actuating piston, it executes a movement which is translated by area ratios and is displaced by a much greater distance against the restoring force of the compression spring 24, even with small changes in piezo length the control valve releases the throttle bore 19 to relieve the control pressure chamber 15.
Wie bereits eingangs dargelegt bietet diese Ausgestaltung den Vorteil, daß der Aktor mit Piezo und Aktorkolben neben dem Betätigungskolben 25 angeordnet werden kann mit parallel zur Achse des Kraftstoffeinspritzventils liegender Achse und daß durch die Überlappung der Teile zueinander die Baulänge verringert wird. Es wird weiterhin die Herstellung vereinfacht, weil im Zusammenhang mit dem Aktor keine koaxialen Bohrungen mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern, die eine Doppelpassung erforderlich machen würden, vorhanden sind.As already explained at the beginning, this embodiment offers the advantage that the actuator with piezo and actuator piston can be arranged next to the actuating piston 25 with an axis parallel to the axis of the fuel injection valve and that the overall length is reduced by the overlap of the parts with one another. Manufacturing is further simplified because there are no coaxial bores with different diameters in connection with the actuator that would require a double fit.
Der Druckraum 31 kann dabei so ausgeführt werden, daß in dem Bereich zwischen den Stirnseiten des Aktorkolbens und des Betätigungskolbens eine Drosselstrecke 34 realisiert werden kann, mit der erreicht werden kann, daß eine Schwingung aufgrund der sehr schnellen Aktorbewegung an dieser Drosselstrecke abgebaut werden kann. Somit kann das Ventilglied 22 des Steuerventils sicher und zügig in eine offene Stellung oder eine Schließstellung gebracht werden.The pressure chamber 31 can be designed so that a throttle section 34 can be realized in the area between the end faces of the actuator piston and the actuating piston, with which it can be achieved that vibration can be reduced on this throttle section due to the very fast actuator movement. Thus, the valve member 22 of the control valve can be brought quickly and safely into an open position or a closed position.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von dem nach Figur 1 dadurch, daß hier statt einem 2/2 -Ventil ein 3/2-Ventil verwirklicht ist. Das Ventilglied hat dabei einen Ventilkopf 35, der wiederum über den Schaft 27 mit dem Betätigungskolben 25 verbunden ist. Der Schaft 25 ist in einer Führungsbohrung 39 geführt, die in einem erweiterten Raum 40 mündet, in der der Ventilkopf 35 hin- und herbewegt werden kann. Dieser Raum ist über einen Kanal 37 ständig mit dem Steuerdruckraum 15 verbunden, der hier nicht weiter dargestellt ist und der dem von Figur 1 entspricht. Im Übergang zwischen Raum 40 und Führungsbohrung 39 ist ein erster Ventilsitz 41 gebildet, der mit einer kegeligen, zum Betätigungskolben 25 weisenden Dichtfläche 42 des Ventilkopfes zusammenwirkt. Anschließend an diesen Ventilkopf weist der Schaft eine Ringnut 36 auf, die zusammen mit der Führungsbohrung einen Ringraum 44 bildet, der über eine in die Führungsbohrung 39 mündende Hochdruckleitung 45 ständig mit dem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher in Verbindung steht . In der gezeigten Stellung kann dabei Kraftstoff über den Ringraum 44 in den Raum 40 gelangen und von dort über den Kanal 37 in den Steuerdruckraum 15, wo dieser Druck die Ventilnadel 3 in Schließstellung hält. Der in Figur 1 vorgesehene Zufluß über eine Drossel 16 in den Steuerdruckraum 15 entfällt in diesem Fall.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that a 3/2 valve is implemented here instead of a 2/2 valve. The valve member has a valve head 35, which in turn is connected to the actuating piston 25 via the shaft 27. The stem 25 is guided in a guide bore 39 which opens into an enlarged space 40 in which the valve head 35 can be moved back and forth. This space is continuously connected via a channel 37 to the control pressure space 15, which is not shown here and which corresponds to that of FIG. 1. In the transition between space 40 and guide bore 39, a first valve seat 41 is formed, which has a conical, for Actuating piston 25 facing sealing surface 42 of the valve head cooperates. Following this valve head, the stem has an annular groove 36 which, together with the guide bore, forms an annular space 44 which is constantly connected to the high-pressure fuel reservoir via a high-pressure line 45 opening into the guide bore 39. In the position shown, fuel can get into the space 40 via the annular space 44 and from there via the channel 37 into the control pressure space 15, where this pressure holds the valve needle 3 in the closed position. The inflow provided in FIG. 1 via a throttle 16 into the control pressure chamber 15 is omitted in this case.
Der Ventilkopf weist ferner eine plane Dichtfläche 46 an seiner Stirnseite auf, mit der er in der gezeigten Stellung auf einem Plansitz 47 dicht anliegt unter Einwirkung der Druckfeder 24'. In dieser Position verschließt der Ventilkopf eine Entlastungsleitung 48, über die der Raum 40 und auch der Steuerdruckraum 15 entlastet werden kann, wenn sich der Ventilkopf 35 in Anlage am ersten Ventilsitz 41 befindet und den Hochdruckzulauf in den Raum 40 somit sperrt. Diese Stellung erreicht der Ventilkopf wiederum dann, wenn der Aktorkolben 33 über den Druckraum 31 Druckmittel, z.B. hier auch Kraftstoff verdrängt hat und dabei über die Schulter 29 des Betätigungskolbens 25 diesen angehoben hat. Auf diese Weise wird mit diesem 3/2-Ventil in exakter Zuordnung der Steuerdruckraum in der einen Ventilstellung entlastet und in der anderen Ventilstellung mit Hochdruck beaufschlagt. Die Lösung hat den Vorteil, daß bei einem nichtbestromten Piezo die Feder 24' dafür sorgt, daß das Steuerventil in die gezeigte Ruhestellung gebracht wird, bei der die Entlastungsleitung 48 verschlossen ist und der Steuerdruckraum 15 auf hohem Kraftstoffdruck liegt. Somit ist auch das Einspritzventil bei nicht erregtem Piezo geschlossen. Dies ist ein wesentlicher Sicherheitsaspekt, da bei Ausfall des Energieversorgungsteils des Kraftfahrzeugs eine zu hohe Kraftstoffeinspritzmenge unterbunden wird. Ferner ist auch der Energiebedarf für die Steuerung des Steuerventils geringer, wenn dieses nur zum Zwecke der Entlastung in der Zeit des kurzen Einspritzvorgangs bestromt werden muß und während der langen Spritzpausen wiederum stromlos sein kann. Die in der Figur 2 gezeigte Ausführung des Ventilkopfes hat dabei ebenfalls einen wesentlichen Vorteil, der darin besteht, daß der eine Ventilsitz ein Kegelsitz ist und der andere Ventilsitz ein Flachsitz ist. Aufgrund des hier vorgesehenen Flachsitzes brauchen für die Zuordnung der beiden Sitze zueinander keine besonderen Maßnahmen getroffen werden, was anders wäre, wenn mit dem Ventilkopf zwei Kegelsitzventile gesteuert werden müßten. Durch entsprechende Ausgestaltung des Ventilkopfes kann bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel erreicht werden, daß die Kräftebilanz am Ventilkopfes 35 unter Ausnutzung des auf ihn wirkende Kraftstoffhochdrucks das Ventilglied in Schließposition beaufschlagt. The valve head also has a flat sealing surface 46 on its end face, with which it lies tightly against a plane seat 47 in the position shown under the action of the compression spring 24 '. In this position, the valve head closes a relief line 48, via which the space 40 and also the control pressure space 15 can be relieved when the valve head 35 is in contact with the first valve seat 41 and thus blocks the high-pressure inlet into the space 40. The valve head in turn reaches this position when the actuator piston 33 has displaced pressure medium, for example here also fuel, via the pressure chamber 31 and has lifted the latter via the shoulder 29 of the actuating piston 25. In this way, with this 3/2 valve, the control pressure chamber in one valve position is relieved in an exact assignment and high pressure is applied in the other valve position. The solution has the advantage that, when the piezo is not energized, the spring 24 'ensures that the control valve is brought into the rest position shown, in which the relief line 48 is closed and the control pressure chamber 15 is at high fuel pressure. The injection valve is thus also closed when the piezo is not excited. This is an essential security aspect because If the power supply part of the motor vehicle fails, an excessive fuel injection quantity is prevented. Furthermore, the energy requirement for the control of the control valve is also lower if it has to be energized only for the purpose of relief in the time of the short injection process and can in turn be de-energized during the long spray breaks. The design of the valve head shown in FIG. 2 also has a significant advantage, which is that one valve seat is a conical seat and the other valve seat is a flat seat. Because of the flat seat provided here, no special measures need to be taken for the assignment of the two seats to one another, which would be different if two cone seat valves had to be controlled with the valve head. With a corresponding design of the valve head it can be achieved in this embodiment that the balance of forces on the valve head 35, utilizing the high fuel pressure acting on it, acts on the valve member in the closed position.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Ventil zum Steuern von Flüssigkeiten mit einem Ventilglied (22) , das einen Betätigungskolben (25) aufweist, der von einer Feder (24) in Schließrichtung des Ventilglieds (22) zur Auflage auf einen Ventilsitz (20) beaufschlagt ist und einen Druckraum (29) begrenzt, der ferner noch von einem Piezoaktor (30) begrenzt wird, durch dessen Bewegung eine1. Valve for controlling liquids with a valve member (22) which has an actuating piston (25) which is acted upon by a spring (24) in the closing direction of the valve member (22) for resting on a valve seat (20) and a pressure chamber ( 29), which is further limited by a piezo actuator (30), by the movement of which one
Druckerhöhung in dem Druckraum (29) erzeugbar ist, durch die der Betätigungskolben (25) gegen die Kraft der Feder (24) in Öffnungsrichtung verstellbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aktor (30) parallel zum Betätigungskolben (25) und neben diesem liegend angeordnet ist und der Druckraum (29) in einen ersten Teilraum und einen zweiten Teilraum aufgeteilt ist welche Teilräume über einen quer zur Achse des Betätigungskolben verlaufenden Kanal (34) miteinander verbunden sind.Pressure increase can be generated in the pressure chamber (29), by means of which the actuating piston (25) can be adjusted in the opening direction against the force of the spring (24), characterized in that the actuator (30) is arranged parallel to the actuating piston (25) and lying next to it and the pressure chamber (29) is divided into a first sub-chamber and a second sub-chamber, which sub-chambers are connected to one another via a channel (34) running transverse to the axis of the actuating piston.
2. Ventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Kanal (34) eine Drosselstelle angeordnet ist.2. Valve according to claim 1, characterized in that a throttle point is arranged in the channel (34).
3. Ventil nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventilglied zwei Dichtflächen (42, 46) aufweist, von denen die eine mit dem Ventilsitz (20) unter Einwirkung der Feder (24) in einer ersten Position des Ventilgliedes (22) und die andere mit einem zweiten Ventilsitz ( 47) in einer zweiten Position des Ventilgliedes (22) bei erregtem Piezoaktor zur Anlage kommt .3. Valve according to claim 2, characterized in that the valve member has two sealing surfaces (42, 46), one of which with the valve seat (20) under the action of the spring (24) in a first position of the valve member (22) and the others with a second valve seat (47) in a second Position of the valve member (22) comes to rest when the piezo actuator is excited.
4. Ventil nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventilglied einen Ventilkopf (35) aufweist, mit einer ersten, zusammem mit einem ersten Ventilsitz (20) einen Hochdruckzulauf (45) zu einem Steuerdruckraum (15) steuernden kegelförmigen Dichtfläche (42) und einer zweiten Flachsitzdichtfläche (46) , die mit einem Flachsitz (47) zusammenwirkt und mit diesem zusammen eine Entlastungsleitung (48) des Steuerdruckraumes (15) steuert.4. Valve according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve member has a valve head (35) with a first, together with a first valve seat (20) a high pressure inlet (45) to a control pressure chamber (15) controlling conical sealing surface (42) and a second flat seat sealing surface (46) which interacts with a flat seat (47) and together with this controls a relief line (48) of the control pressure chamber (15).
5. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ventil der Drucksteuerung eines Steuerdruckraumes (15) eines Einspritzventils dient, das ein Ventilschließglied (3) aufweist, das durch den Druck in dem Steuerdruckraum (15) in Schließstellung haltbar ist entgegen einem an Druckflächen (11) des Ventilgliedes (3) angreifenden, von einem Kraftstoffhochdruckspeicher gelieferten Kraftstoffdruck und bei Entlastung des Steuerdruckraumes5. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve serves to control the pressure of a control pressure chamber (15) of an injection valve which has a valve closing member (3) which can be held in the closed position by the pressure in the control pressure chamber (15) against one on pressure surfaces (11) of the valve member (3) engaging fuel pressure supplied by a high-pressure fuel reservoir and when the control pressure chamber is relieved
(15) unter Einwirkung dieses Kraftstoffdruckes in Öffnungs- stellung kommt . (15) comes into the open position under the influence of this fuel pressure.
EP97949954A 1997-03-10 1997-11-19 Valve for controlling fluids Withdrawn EP0900332A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19709794 1997-03-10
DE19709794A DE19709794A1 (en) 1997-03-10 1997-03-10 Valve for controlling liquids
PCT/DE1997/002709 WO1998040623A1 (en) 1997-03-10 1997-11-19 Valve for controlling fluids

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US (1) US6076800A (en)
EP (1) EP0900332A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2000512360A (en)
KR (1) KR20000010762A (en)
DE (1) DE19709794A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1998040623A1 (en)

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KR20000010762A (en) 2000-02-25
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WO1998040623A1 (en) 1998-09-17
US6076800A (en) 2000-06-20
RU2193683C2 (en) 2002-11-27

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