EP0895443A1 - Einschaltstrombegrenzungsschaltung - Google Patents

Einschaltstrombegrenzungsschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0895443A1
EP0895443A1 EP98410084A EP98410084A EP0895443A1 EP 0895443 A1 EP0895443 A1 EP 0895443A1 EP 98410084 A EP98410084 A EP 98410084A EP 98410084 A EP98410084 A EP 98410084A EP 0895443 A1 EP0895443 A1 EP 0895443A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
lamp
limiting circuit
filament
circuit according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98410084A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0895443B1 (de
Inventor
Luc Wuidart
Michel Bardouillet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics SA
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STMicroelectronics SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0895443A1 publication Critical patent/EP0895443A1/de
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Publication of EP0895443B1 publication Critical patent/EP0895443B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
    • H05B39/02—Switching on, e.g. with predetermined rate of increase of lighting current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lamps with filament and, more particularly, incandescent lamps or halogens, especially high voltage.
  • FIG 1 shows the classic electrical diagram for connecting an L lamp, for example incandescent, to the electrical network supplying an alternating voltage Vac, by example of 230 volts efficient.
  • L lamp is connected in series with a switch K for commissioning between two terminals P, N of application of the Vac voltage.
  • switch K is inserted between the phase P terminal of the alternating voltage single phase and the L lamp.
  • a protection device generally a fuse or a circuit breaker, from the electrical panel of the installation is inserted between the line of the electrical network and the circuit shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in the form of chronograms, the shape of the voltage V L at the terminals of the lamp L and of the current I L in the filament of the lamp L.
  • the switch K at an instant t 1 .
  • a peak of the current I L appears at time t 1 and this peak puts several alternations to be damped so that the current in the lamp oscillates between the nominal peak values Inom and -Inom.
  • This phenomenon is mainly related to the variation of the value of the resistance of the filament of the lamp L as a function of the temperature.
  • the resistance of the filament When cold, the resistance of the filament is minimal, the nominal power of the lamp corresponding to the value of the resistance of the hot filament, once the lamp is on.
  • a 60 watt bulb has a resistance value of filament of the order of 880 ohms hot.
  • the value of the resistance is divided by 10 which corresponds to a proportion usual and if the ignition takes place at the peak of the voltage Vac, i.e. 340 instantaneous volts, the same lamp and the line of the network see an instantaneous power peak of more than 1200 watts.
  • halogen lamps provided with a filament in particular, for halogen lamps high voltages, i.e. which are not supplied by via a step-down transformer.
  • a classic solution to overcome these drawbacks is to provide, in series with the lamp, a coefficient thermistor negative, i.e. a resistance whose value decreases with the temperature.
  • a coefficient thermistor negative i.e. a resistance whose value decreases with the temperature.
  • the thermistor affects the performance of the lighting installation because its heat resistance remains non negligible and therefore causes energy dissipation.
  • thermistors with very cold values high enough to limit the current peak sufficiently. It follows that the power actually restored by the lamp does not does not correspond to its nominal value.
  • the present invention aims to propose a new solution to limit the inrush current in a filament lamp.
  • the invention aims, in particular, to propose a device which maintains the current in the lamp between the values ratings for which the lamp is designed.
  • the invention also aims to propose a device which either simple and inexpensive.
  • the present invention also aims to ensure that this device can be powered without the need for power specific.
  • the present invention further aims to provide a device small footprint.
  • the present invention provides a circuit for limiting the inrush current of a filament lamp, intended to be connected in series between the filament and a power switch by an alternating voltage, and comprising at least one controllable active element, limiting the current at a predetermined threshold value, polarized, outside periods of limitation, by a resistor connected between a power terminals of this element and its control terminal.
  • said threshold value is fixed by means of a measuring resistor current in the lamp.
  • the circuit includes at least one limiting element in series with said measurement resistor, an element control terminal of limitation being connected to a control means, detecting the voltage across the measurement resistor.
  • said means consists of a bipolar transistor, between base and transmitter from which the measurement resistor, the element is connected limit being controlled in linear mode.
  • said means consists of a comparator of the voltage across the terminals of the measurement resistance with respect to a reference value predetermined, the limiting element being controlled in cutting.
  • said active element is mounted as a unidirectional limiter and is associated with a rectifier bridge.
  • the circuit has two limiting elements, to limit the current in the lamp at the predetermined threshold value, each element being mounted as a one-way limiter.
  • the circuit includes two MOS field effect transistors, mounted in series between the switch and the filament, the resistance of measure being inserted between these two transistors and the path current comprising, at each alternation of the supply voltage, a stray diode from one of the two effect transistors field.
  • the present invention also relates to a bulb filament comprising, in its base, a current limiting circuit.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a circuit ignition of a filament lamp L from a voltage alternative Vac, for example, the mains voltage, according to a embodiment of the invention.
  • the lamp L is connected in series with a switch K between two terminals P, N of alternative power supply.
  • a characteristic of the present invention is to connect, in series with the lamp L and, preferably, between the switch K and the lamp L, a current limiting circuit 1, bidirectional, whose role is to clip the current I L taken from the power supply at a predetermined threshold value.
  • the device 1, symbolized in FIG. 3 by means of two unidirectional limiting elements 2, 3 controllable, consists, at least in part, of active components.
  • Each element 2, 3 is intended to clip the current by limiting it to a threshold value Ilim and the elements 2 and 3 operate in turn according to the alternation of the voltage Vac.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates, in the form of timing diagrams representing the voltage V L at the terminals of the lamp L and the current I L passing therethrough, the operation of the circuit represented in FIG. 3. It is assumed that the switch K is closed at an instant t 1 during a positive alternation of the Vac voltage. As the resistance of the filament of the lamp L is very low, the current I L increases suddenly and is limited to the threshold value Ilim by the element 3. During this first alternation which follows the closing of the switch K, the current I L remains maintained at the value Ilim as long as the voltage at the terminals of the lamp L has not become sufficiently low for the resistance of the filament of the lamp to be sufficient for the current I L to be less than the value Ilim ( instant t 2 ).
  • Ilim corresponding to the current value nominal in the lamp once the filament is warm.
  • the current Ilim is preferably fixed at a value slightly higher than the nominal lamp current, in particular, to take into account the tolerances of the Vac voltage (generally ⁇ 15%) so that elements 2 and 3 are not in permanent limitation operation.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that it avoids any power peak in the lamp L when it is switched on. The the life of the filament lamp is increased.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the device 1 protects the filament of the lamp L, even during nominal operation, for example, in the event of an accidental overvoltage alternative food.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it eliminates any risk of damage to another electrical device powered from the same fuse, in particular, in the case the fuse is oversized.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it prevents, in the event of a filament break, the propagation of a peak current linked to the appearance of an arc between a free end of the filament and the base of the bulb.
  • FIG. 5 represents a first embodiment of a limiter circuit according to the present invention.
  • the device comprises, between the switch K and the lamp L, two MOS field effect transistors M1, M2, preferably N channel, mounted in adjustable current sources, and between the sources of which a measurement resistance Rm is interposed current.
  • the drain of transistor M1 is connected to the terminal of the switch K, on the lamp side, and the drain of the transistor M2 is connected to a first lamp terminal including the second terminal is connected, for example, to neutral N of the AC power supply.
  • the source of each transistor M1, M2 is also connected to the base of a bipolar transistor T1, T2 including the collector is connected to the gate of the corresponding transistor M1, M2 and, via a polarization resistor R1, R'1, to the drain of this transistor M1, M2.
  • the emitter of transistor T1 is connected to the source of transistor M2, and the emitter of the transistor T2 is connected to the source of transistor M1.
  • Transistors T1 and T2 detect the voltage across the resistor Rm and control, respectively, the transistors M1 and M2.
  • each element limiter here, the transistors M1 and M2
  • a polarization resistive element here, resistors R1 and R'1
  • This resistive element serves as a local power supply and avoids the generation of a bias voltage by a complex circuit.
  • the limit value Ilim depends on the value of the resistor Rm. As long as the voltage drop across the resistor Rm is less than the base-emitter junction voltage of the bipolar transistor T1 or T2, this transistor remains off and the transistor MOSFET M1 or M2 associated with it is maintained, by being polarized by the resistance R1, R'1, in conduction in its operating zone where its gate-source voltage (VgsON) is approximately equal to its drain-source voltage (VdsON ), and therefore has a low voltage drop.
  • the current I L becomes such that the voltage drop across the resistor Rm is greater than the junction voltage of one of the transistors T1, T2, the corresponding transistor M1, M2 then operates in linear mode, that is ie in its current limiting region.
  • the transistors M1, T1 and resistance R1 intervenes during positive half-waves, and the transistors M2, T2 as well as the resistance R2 intervene during negative alternations.
  • the resistance Rm serves as current measurement resistance whatever the alternation considered.
  • the stray diode D2 of the transistor M2 is forward biased and the resistance Rm is is therefore connected to the lamp L, neglecting the voltage drop (about 0.7 volts) in the stray diode D2.
  • the stray diode D1 of transistor M1 is forward biased and the resistance Rm is is therefore connected to switch K by neglecting the voltage drop in this stray diode.
  • transistors M1 and M2 may be used in place of transistors M1 and M2.
  • transistors M1 and M2 we could use two transistors IGBT. However, in this case, care should be taken to add diodes D1, D2 in parallel on the IGBT transistors to allow the bidirectional operation of the limiting circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention in which a diode bridge D3, D4, D5 and D6 is used to make a limiting circuit bidirectional unidirectional, for example, one of the circuits of the figure 5.
  • Two alternative input terminals 4, 5 of the diode bridge are respectively connected to an output terminal of the switch K and to an arbitrarily called input terminal of the lamp L.
  • a limiting circuit 8, unidirectional, is connected between two output terminals 6, 7 of the diode bridge, i.e. between the anodes of the diodes D3 and D4 and the cathodes of the diodes D5 and D6.
  • This limiter circuit 8 includes, as before, a measuring resistance Rm in series with a limiting element, here an IGBT transistor 9, between the switch K and the lamp L, here between terminals 6 and 7.
  • the gate of the IGBT transistor is connected to the collector of a bipolar control transistor T whose transmitter is connected to terminal 7 and whose base is connected to the emitter of the IGBT transistor, that is to say that the resistance Rm is placed in parallel between the base and the emitter of transistor T.
  • a bias resistor R1 is connected between terminal 6 and the collector of transistor T.
  • FIG. 7 The current-voltage characteristic which a unidirectional limiting element (M1, M2, FIG. 5 - 9, FIG. 6) must comply with according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the limiting element behaves like a resistance of very low value (corresponding to the value of the series resistance of a MOSFET transistor in conduction or of an IGBT transistor).
  • the element limits the current I L to this value, whatever the voltage Vac, provided that this remains below a limit value Vbr d ' avalanche of the limiting element (MOSFET transistors M1, M2 or IGBT transistor).
  • Vs of the threshold voltage between the two modes of operation of the device corresponds, in the embodiment of Figure 6, at the voltage drop in two diodes of the bridge, increased by the voltage drop in the resistance Rm and of the series voltage drop in the limiting element 9.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the circuit limiter has few components and is easily preferably integrated into the base of an incandescent bulb or in the socket of a luminaire.
  • the integration of a the limiting circuit in the base of the bulb has the advantage to be able to link the current limit to the power of the lamp. This avoids permanent dissipation by the device limitation, linked to its permanent operation in limitation mode, if the bulb has a higher power than that for which the device is dimensioned.
  • the limiter circuit is a "2-wire" circuit and can therefore be connected in series with the filament of the lamp without requiring connection to the two terminals of the power supply alternative.
  • the nominal current of operating i.e. maximum operating intensity nominal
  • Rm resistance of 1.2 ohms
  • FIG. 8 represents a third embodiment of a current limiting circuit according to the present invention.
  • This circuit always consists of at least one active element, by example a MOSFET M transistor or an IGBT transistor, controllable to limit the current to a predetermined threshold value.
  • the transistor M is connected in series with a measurement resistance of the current and the limiter circuit includes a means for detecting the voltage across this measurement resistor to control transistor M.
  • a characteristic of this embodiment is that the transistor M is controlled in switching mode, that is to say that it is opened as soon as the current in the resistor Rm reaches the fixed threshold value and that it is restored. in conduction after a short time interval. This amounts, by resuming the shape of the current I L of FIG. 4, to chop this current between the instants t 1 and t 2 .
  • An advantage is that this reduces dissipation during limitation periods. This advantage is particularly noticeable in the case of a limiting circuit connected upstream of the bulb, for example in the socket of the luminaire, since the dissipation is reduced if the bulb has a power greater than that for which the device is sized. .
  • the transistor M is associated with a bias resistor R1 allowing to put it in conduction.
  • the limiter circuit is unidirectional and is associated with a diode bridge D3, D4, D5, D6 so as to make it bidirectional, the transistor M in series with the resistance Rm being connected between terminals 6 and 7 of the bridge.
  • Detection means here consists of a comparator 10, for example an amplifier differential, an inverting input of which is connected to the point middle of the series association of transistor M and resistance Rm.
  • the non-inverting input of comparator 10 receives a reference voltage fixed, for example, by a diode D7 whose cathode is connected to terminal 7 and the anode of which is connected, via a resistor R2 at the non-inverting input.
  • the output of comparator 10 is connected to the grid of the transistor M and, via a resistor R3, to its non-inverting input.
  • the divider bridge made up of resistors R2 and R3 condition a hysteresis around the reference voltage fixed by diode D7, so that the assembly oscillates.
  • the comparator 10 is supplied by means of an associated capacitor C to a diode D8, the resistor R1, the diode D8 and the capacitor C being connected in series between terminals 6 and 7.
  • a resistor R4 connects the cathode of diode D8 (the midpoint of the interconnection between diode D8 and capacitor C) to the anode of diode D7 which is thus always polarized in
  • the present invention is capable of various variants and modifications which will appear to the man of art.
  • other components than those indicated in relationship with Figures 5, 6 and 7 could be used to carry out the limitation function, provided that they comply with the features described above.
  • the sizing respective components of the limiting device are within the reach of the skilled person according to the power of the lamp.
  • elements other than resistors may be used to supply local food to the limiting element by polarizing it outside of the limitation periods. We could, for example, use a transistor or any another element mounted as a resistive element.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
EP98410084A 1997-07-31 1998-07-28 Einschaltstrombegrenzungsschaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0895443B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9710034 1997-07-31
FR9710034A FR2767017B1 (fr) 1997-07-31 1997-07-31 Circuit limiteur de courant d'appel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0895443A1 true EP0895443A1 (de) 1999-02-03
EP0895443B1 EP0895443B1 (de) 2002-09-25

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EP98410084A Expired - Lifetime EP0895443B1 (de) 1997-07-31 1998-07-28 Einschaltstrombegrenzungsschaltung

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US (1) US6445144B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0895443B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69808202D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2767017B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3297112A1 (de) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-21 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Strombegrenzer für wechselstromlast

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7333316B1 (en) 2003-04-23 2008-02-19 Littelfuse, Inc. AC power line protection using thyristors
US7489490B2 (en) * 2006-06-07 2009-02-10 International Rectifier Corporation Current limiting MOSFET structure for solid state relays
US8433972B2 (en) * 2009-04-06 2013-04-30 Nec Laboratories America, Inc. Systems and methods for constructing the base matrix of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes
CN102939797B (zh) 2010-04-30 2014-10-29 赤多尼科两合股份有限公司 耐压型接口电路
DE102010043613A1 (de) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg Störsichere Leuchtmittelsteuerung
CN106558978B (zh) * 2015-09-30 2019-12-31 立锜科技股份有限公司 切换式电源供应器及其控制电路与控制方法
TWI729835B (zh) * 2020-06-03 2021-06-01 亞源科技股份有限公司 遲滯電壓偵測電路

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0240402A1 (de) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Sendung elektrischen Stromes mit einem Transistor in eine Schaltung
WO1992015052A1 (en) * 1991-02-20 1992-09-03 Bayview Technology Group, Inc. Phase-controlled power modulation system
EP0735798A1 (de) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-02 Korte, Heinrich Dämmerungsschalter für Lampen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4570108A (en) * 1982-07-06 1986-02-11 Stroede Aake Protection device for electrical incandescent lamps
JPS61165997A (ja) * 1984-12-10 1986-07-26 林原　健 白熱電球点燈装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0240402A1 (de) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Sendung elektrischen Stromes mit einem Transistor in eine Schaltung
WO1992015052A1 (en) * 1991-02-20 1992-09-03 Bayview Technology Group, Inc. Phase-controlled power modulation system
EP0735798A1 (de) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-02 Korte, Heinrich Dämmerungsschalter für Lampen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3297112A1 (de) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-21 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Strombegrenzer für wechselstromlast
FR3056346A1 (fr) * 2016-09-20 2018-03-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Limiteur de courant pour charge courant alternatif
US10474172B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-11-12 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Current limiter for AC load

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6445144B1 (en) 2002-09-03
DE69808202D1 (de) 2002-10-31
FR2767017A1 (fr) 1999-02-05
EP0895443B1 (de) 2002-09-25
FR2767017B1 (fr) 1999-10-15

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